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STAI PAVERS, 


HANDBOUND 
AT THE 


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UNIVERSITY OF 
TORONTO PRESS 


~s 


THE ANNALS 


AND 


Mn 


y a ih 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, 


INCLUDING 


ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY. 


(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND 
CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ ) 


CONDUCTED BY 


_ ALBERT C. L. 6. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.B.S., 
WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., 


AND 


WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S. 


VOL. XV.—SEVENTH SERIES. 


[Oy 
Bg | 
LONDON: 
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. 


SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CoO., LD. ; 
BAILLIERE, PARIS: HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN : 
AND ASHER, BERLIN, 


1905. 


“Omnes res creatse sunt divine sapientix et potentie testes, divitiz felicitatis 
human :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ; 
ex ceconomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis 
elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper astimata ; 


4 veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper 
inimica fuit.”—Linnaus. 


“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour 
voir qu’elle est le chef-d’eeuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- 
tent toutes ses opérations.’”—Bruckyer, Théorie du Systeme Animal, Leyden, 
1767. 

paiW ob ole jest s ia. ROY lye powers 
Obey our summons; from their deepest dells 
The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild 
And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs 
That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme 
And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, 
But scatter round ten thousand forms minute 

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock 

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too 
Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face 
They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush 

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, 
Where peril waits the bold adyenturer’s tread, 
The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, 

All, all to us unlock their secret: stores 

And pay their cheerful tribute. 


J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818, 


Hf ALERE FLAMMAM. 


CONTENTS OF VOL. XV. 


[SEVENTH SERIES. ] 


NUMBER LXXXV. 
Page 


I. Notes on s»me Recent Bryozoa in d’Orbigny’s Collection. By 
Pie C Eis Wat, VV SBR Sy, CP IAbe 1.) ase tines ole qaete ead clere: aie iol cistern 

II. On a Collection of Fishes from the Inland Sea of Japan made by 
Mr. R.Gordon Smith. By C. Tare Regan, B.A. (Plates I1.& U1.) 17 


III. Notes on some Oriental Geckosin the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 
with Descriptious of new Forms. By NELson ANNANDALE, B.A., 


Deputy Superintendent of the Indian Museum .......... arene) canal 26 
_IV. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.— 
No. XXVI. By Prof. M‘Inros#, M.D., LL.D, F.RS., &e. 
PRIRLO SENG seen a oS ih ee See OR ee eN ae Lea AR Ges Stas OOO 
V. Rhynchotal Notes.—XXIX. By W. L. Disranr.......... 58 
VI. Further Descriptions of new RAinolophi from Africa. By 
ROM IU A NAEEEION CN Ge est. ess ak coe Sake ates to AN ate Mr 70 
VIL. New African Mammals of the Genera Glauconycteris, Lutra, 
Funisciurus, Arvicanthis, Lophiomys, and Procavia. By OupFirip 
UFOMCABMS S580 20M cd ad Sed cy vee ee ay a idea then i chomt ogame ove are 77 
VIII. Eocene Shells from Nigeria. By'R. Burten NeEwron, 
PGS Chelate: VN.) sieseas oes: ot Ra an oe ticat EAE praag 83 
IX. On new Species of Helicarion, Ariophanta, Eulota, Cyclotus 
(Lucyelotus), Layochilus, and Diplommatina (Gastroptychia). By 
ATR eRNG AA DUEDGN, og. crates Sah eked tas eee aT ore Steg cte iad <i.9 kek ts wala SeaheyNeke v1 
X. On Chelonethi, chiefly from the Australian Region, in the 
Collection of the British Museum, with Observations on the * Coxal 
Sac” and on some Cases of Abnormal Segmentation. By C. J. 
veri eelaties’ Wil aes), co Wauarushel <sochest HEME SOR OER cimcayste“aiees’ vcs 94 
New Books :—Birds by Land and Sea. By Joun Macrarr Boras- 
ron.—Our Country’s Animals, and how to know them. By 
NEO RDON stitet ae c'JosPrepketvoislate am 4,3 seh 8 Reet so saa 144 
The Fchinoid Name Discoidea subucula, by F. A. Bather, Brit. 
MOS AINE ISU) Leek eet Sik RIA Rea sha niae Ames soley er ge oe 145 
NUMBER LXXXVI. 
XI. New Species of Eastern Heterocera in the National Collection. 
By Colonel Cuarztes Swinuos, M.A,, P.L.8., “of OR i Sine dish ates gee 149 
XII. List of the Snakes in the Zoological Museums of Lund and 
Malmé, with Descriptions of new Spe-ies and_a new Genus, By 
Nits Rosén, Zool. Inst..Lund. (Plates XI. & XIL.) ............ 1G8 


iv CONTENTS. 


Page 


XIII. A Synopsis of the Species of the Silurid Genera Parevo- 
stoma, Chimarrhichihys and Exostoma, By C. Tate Ree@an, B.A. 


XIV. Descriptions of Five new Cyprinid Fishes from Lhasa, Tibet, 
collected by Captain H. J. Walton, LM.S. By C. Tare ReGan, 


PR Ae ce icutoa'e swaths <tie d PER TS yaaa. sivn ae ba a Pues ae wae « 1 


XV. Description of a new Batrachian of the Genus Bombinator 
from Yunnan. By G. A. Bourencer, F.R.S. (Plate XII.) .... 


XVI. Description of a new Snake of the Genus Aéractaspis from 
Mount Kenya, British East Africa. By G. A. BouLenGeEr, F.R.S. 
XVII. List of a Collection of Neuroptera Odonata (Dragonflies) 
formed by G. A. K. Marshall, Esq., at Salisbury, Mashonaland, 


with Descriptions of a new Genus and Two new Species. By W. F. 
Barney, ELS, PGS. gus aco aha oS eles Fd Oe ae aioe ee 


XVIII. Notes on the Synonymy of Thecla spurina, Hew., and 
Thecla ericusa, Hew. By Hamirton H. Druck, F.ZS., F.ES. .. 
XIX. On Two new Leucanie from British New Guinea. By 
Grorae T. BETHUNE-DAKEE, ELS, FS. . cs ae a veens 
XX. On anew Vole from Kashmir, By J. Lewis Bonnorr, M.A. 
XXI. A new Ficalbia from West Africa. By F. V. THeoxaxp, 
MBs. os adele d dicta ap ns 5 ad AAAI SPs Bice ee ee ee 
XXII. American Hymenoptera: new Bees and a new Procto- 
trypid. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ........ 
XXIII. Three undescribed Coleoptera from Natal. By W. L. 
Les ee me oan tw ny ree Sy he cee ce 


XXIV. A new Lizard and a new Frog from Borneo. By R. 
Sapiroey MAS Pace. s. os5ncs tans weer ees es ee ee 


XXV. The Heterogenetic Origin of Fungus-germs and Monads. 
By H. Cuariton Bastian, M.A., M.D., F.RS., F.L.S. (Plates 
OU A VS eis. dia cca thee taiete wim a Siam ah 2 x 2 few na Ge 

XXVI. Descriptions of new Species of Sphegide and Ceropalide 
from the Khasia Hills, Assam. By P. CamMmron................ 
New Books :—Catalogus Mammalium, tam Viventium quam Fossi- 


lium. By E. L. Trovessarr. Quinquennale Supplementum : 
Pt. 2. Rodentia—Museum Handbooks. The Manchester 


Maseum,' Owens Cpllege |<. cvn 1% osspeb ss von sats eee ss eos 


On a Marine Psendoscorpion from the Isle of Man, by A. D. Imms, 


B.Sc. (Lond. ), Zoological Laboratory, University of Birmingham. 2: 


NUMBER LXXXVIL. 

XXVII. Natural History Notes from the R.1.M.S. Ship ‘ Investi- 
gator,’ Capt. T. H. Heming, K.N, (retired), commanding.—Series IIL., 
No. 6. An Account of the new and some of the rarer Decapod 
Crustacea obtained during the Surveying Seasons 1901-1904. By 
A. C. MacGixcunist, M.A., M.B., Ch.B., Capt. LM.S., Surgeon- 
AtErALIRE fo THE SUTPEY iad's)an oe sate eee namin ome oY eee able wih 
XXVIII. Natural History Notes from the R.I M.S. Ship ‘ Investi- 
gator,’ Capt. ‘I’. 1. Heming, RN. (retired), commanding.—deries IIL, 
No. 8 On anew Genus of Teleostean Fish closely allied to Chias- 
modus. Ky A.C. MacGricnrisr, M.A., M.B., Ch.B., Capt. LMS , 
Surgeon-Naturalist to the Marine Survey .......cessessecceens 


204 


bo 
Cy 


CONTENTS. Vv 


Page 
XXIX. List of a small Collection of Odonata (Dragonflies) from 
Ceylon, collected by Mr. E. Ernest Green, with Notes on the Genus 
Zygonidia and its Allies, and Descriptions of new Species of Zygo- 
nidia, Kirb., and Onychothemis, Brauer, from Ceylon and Tonkin. 
By W. F. | err pe OM DES SS Oo oP ne i 270 


XXX. Description of a new Species of si (Phasmide) from 
Westen tnion, ©4359 Wi. bo Key, ios, EM Sian. a ai aro ciated « way ove 279 

XXXI. Descriptions of new West-African Ribes of the Genera 
Petropedetes and Bulua. By G. A. BouLencmr, I’. RS. ........ 281 


XXXII. Remarks on Mr. N. Rosén’s List of the Snakes in the 
Zoological Museums of Lund and Malmé. By G. A. BouLENGER, _ 
1A ASE RAs cree ne Ota Daa OIA ROPES hat oo 4 ORCI DORE 283 


XXXIII. Crustacea Copepoda new to Science from Devon and 
Cornwall. By Canon A, M. Norman, F.R.S., and THomas Scort, 


MaDe Pe Ete has aisha: cine) eraienehe. 6 Sid) Sever ctisnan ib Sinha es tag at sepa sas xls 284 
XXXIV. Descriptions of Two new Cyprinid Fishes from Tibet. 
Re eo PAO ECR GRAIN Eo Bice vac rey ac, aale ahasty ote ahi?) oh scheic shale. Ait ave 500 


XXXV. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By 
G. Lewis, F.L.S. 


XXXVI. Rhynchotal Notes—XXX. By W.L. Distant .... 304 
XXXVI. The Changes and Variations in the Position of the 


Pectoral Fin during Dev elopment. By H. H. Swinnerron, D.8c., 
University College, Nottingham 


XXXVIII. A new Cricetulus from Mongolia. By OLDFIELD 


TICES AE ROR ecacn Crt Dore aon mnr nee itn CRN cor coer ont 322 
XXXIX. The Affinities of the Orkney Vole (Microtus orcadensis, 

matin), Bey Ce onswrr MAIO au. soos tc Cae tale eae ea os « 823 
XL. Description of a new Leucana from British New Guinea. 

By Grorce T. BetHune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S..........0.0000% 524 
XLI. Description of a new Fish of fie Genus Dentexr from the 

Coast of Avipolas “By Cs Pare ReGan, BAC. 6s elec neces 325 


New Books :—F¥ecundation in Plants. By Davin M. Morrrer.— 
Contributions to the Knowledge of the Life-history of Pinus, 
with Special Reference to Sporozgenesis, the Development of the 
Gametuphytes, and Fertilization. By Margarer CU, FrerGuson, 7. 


Proceedings of the Geological Society 22. ....0.00ecceesess 326, 327 
Qn ‘Chelonethi, by C. J. With, Copenhagen ............2.0T eee 328 


NUMBER LXXXVIII. 


XLII. A Revision of the Fishes of the South-American Cichlid 
Genera Acara, Nannacara, Acaropsis, and Astronotus. By C. Tarr 


OE NSN att AF ener! eso onas sca zee doa «wets msn e+ ate deans 9A * 529 
XLII. Notes on the Natural History of East Finmark. By 

Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. . dt8 
XLIV. Description of a new Species of Gratiatiand from ‘North 

Paredes se AT. A, CMTE, LO, o> env ign ha clores ues nn eedans 360 


XLV. On the Skull of Gonorhynchus Greyi. By W.G. Ripe- 
RUC g dicerete: MEL IGE) NE) ova) soo «date Ohar ¥ 0a a od saa bo 361 


vi CONTENTS. 


Page 

XLVI. Descriptions of some new Species of Noctuide from 
Tropical South America. By Herperr Drvce, F.LS. &c....... 372 

XLVII. Three new Coleoptera from E. Africa belenging to the 
Lucanide and Cetoniide. By Cuas. VU. WATERHOUSE ........+.. 375 

XLVIII. On some Batrachians and Reptiles from Tibet. By 
G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. ........5 iva tdes eae eo baleine te af 378 

XLIX. Rhynchotal Notes—XXXI. By W. L. Distant ...... 379 

L. New Ground-Squirrels of the Xerws erythropus Group. By 
Onpersid THOMas 6% 2 u/s kia HeaWidie ots sas ie C24 Gee ne eee 387 

LI. A new Subspecies of Glossina palpalis, Rob.-Desv., the Dis- 
seminator of Sleeping Sickness. By Ernest E. AUSTEN ........ 390 

LII. The Bonin Island Sambar. By R. LYDEKKER .......... B91 

LIL. On the South-African Curculionide of the Genus Cossonus, 
Clairy. By Guy A. K. Mansmanr, PZB. 20,22 cece cause 392 

LIV. Ten-legged Pyenogonids, with Remarks on the Classification 
of the Pyenogonida. By Lron J. COLE ......-...eeeccveesens 405 

LV. Descriptions of new Species of Sphegide and Ceropalide 
fiom the Khasia Hills, Assam. By P. CAMBRON................ 415 
Proceedings of the Geological Society.........4. Gal od Nee 424 

NUMBER LXXXIX. 

LVI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Syntomide, 
Arctiade, Agaristide, and Noctuide. By Sir Grorce F. Hampson, 
MOD ilo Sascinscitse aici ie pera be boo reece keer e eid eee 425 

LVII. Descriptions of new Snakes in the Collection of the British 
Woseom. By.G, A; Bourencer, WES occas: eae oo cme 453 

LVIII. Description of a new Mormyrid Fish from the White Nile. 

By G. A. BoULENGER, F.RBAS. 0.2 ccc n ees emeisbaceescnevsens 457 


LIX. Descriptions of Four new Freshwater Fishes discovered by 
Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Angola. By G. A. BouLenaer, F.BS..... 0b. 


LX. Descriptions of some new Species of Syntomide and Arctiade 
from Tropical South America. By Herserr Drvucs, PLS. Xe... 460 

LXI. Descriptions of new Species of Sphegide aud Ceropalide 
from the Khasia Hills, Assam. By P. CAMERON..............6. 467 

LXII. Rhynchotal Notes—-XXXII. By W.L. Disrant...... 4738 


~———  LXIII. On some new Japanese Mammals presented to the British 
Museum by Mr. R, Gordon Smith. By Ovprieip THomas, F.R.S. 487 


LXIV. Notes on Eastern Heterocera, with Descriptions of new 
Genera and Species. By Col. Coaries Swinuos, M.A,, P.L.S., &e. 495 


LXV. Notes on Subspecies of European Shrews (Sivev and 


Neomys). By G. E. H. Barrerr-HaMInr0n ..........6....05. 505 
LXVI. Notes on European Species of the Subgenus 7%tymys 

(Genus Microtus), By Dr. C. I. Forsyrm Magor .............. 508 
LXVULI. On the Preorbital Pit in the Skulls of Domestic Horses 

and Quaggas. By R. I. Pocock, F.LS., F.Z.8., Superintendent of 

the Zoological Society’s Gardens ; hi... ci ee oie ee deat 516 

Proceedings of the Geological Society... .... 66. cece cece e eee 618 


An overlooked Work, by Dr. D. Sharp .,05. 00-0035 04 saa pmeeen 520 


CONTENTS. Vil 


NUMBER XC. 
Page 
LXVIII. Some Bees of the Genus Melissodes from the Rocky 
Mountain Region. By T. D. A. COCKERELL............-+-00085 521 


LXIX. The Systematic Arrangement of the Fishes of the Genus _ 
pleura | sy. 0 EAT INWCAN, Boon cei tiate ain age ert 0) <u ime eee weenie 529 


LXX. On some Oriental Aphodiid Coleoptera of the Rhyparus 
Group, with Description of anew Genus, By Girpertr J. Arrow. 534 


LXXI. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Notodontide from 
Tropical South America. By Herserr Druce, F.LS. &e. ...... 540 


LXXII. Descriptions of a new Genus and Four Species of Coleo- 
ptera from New Zealand. By Capt. T. Broun, F.E.S. .......... 545, 


LXXIII. Natural History Notes from the R.I.M.S. Ship ‘ Tnvesti- 
gator,’ Capt. T. H. Heming, R.N., commanding.—Series III., No. 7. 
Preliminary Report on the Deep-Sea Alcyonaria collected in the 
Indian Ocean. By Prof. J. ARTHUR THomson, M.A., and W. D. 
Henpverson, M.A., Carnegie Scholar, University of Aberdeen .... 547 


LXXIV. Description of Acara subocularis, Cope. By C. Tate 
Mereteerntae Exe: Hh Se tee st ht Sates oer an a eee te wo ae 2 L, 


LXXV. Descriptions of Four new Loricariid Fishes of the Genus 
Plecostomus from Brazil. By Rupot¥F von InERiIne ............ 558 

LXXVI. Description of a new Snake from Venezuela. By 
er yeh EO Gist EP aie. oo 8is aie se cis clsaria ges efeTA aise a hewiege 561 


LXXVII. A new Cavernularid from Ceylon. By James J. 
Snreson, M.A., University of Aberdeen. (Plate XVII.) 


LXXVIII. Natural Histcry Notes from the R.I.M.S. Ship ‘In- 
vestigator,’ Capt. T. H. Heming, R.N., commanding.—Series LII., 
No. 9. On a new Species of the Dorippoid Genus Cymonomus from 
the Andaman Sea, considered with reference to the Distribution of 

_ the Dorippide ; with some Remarks on the allied Genus Cymono- 
mops. By A. Atcock, M.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Superintendent of the 
Indian Museum and Professor of Zoology in the Medical College of 
Bengal. (Plate XVIII.) i 


LXXIX. Observations on Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide, 
with Descriptions of new Species. By Cuas.O. Waternouss, F.E.S. 577 


~~ LXXX. New Neotropical Molossus, Conepatus, Nectomys, Pro- 


echimys, and Agouti, with a Note on the Genus Mesomys. By 
SPU EO MAR oe eae yo ot A Les gates kpiesis os af ae oe es 584 


LXXXI. On a British Specimen of the Great Sea-Perch Epine- 
phelus cernioides, Capello. By G. A. BouLenerr, F.R.S......... 592 


Vili CONTENTS. 


. Page 
New Books :—The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and 
Burma. Published under the authority of the Secretary of 
State for India in Council. Edited by W. T. Branrorp. 
Butterflies. Vol. I. By Lieut.-Col. C. T. BryegHam.— 
Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phaleene in the British Museum. 
Volume V. Catalogue of the Noctuide in the Collection of the 
British Museum, By Sir Gzorer F. Hampson, Bart. .. 594, 595 


On a Modification of the Tentacular Apparatus in certain Species of 
Madrenora, by Avmand Krome... ss <psv.0s dis np ee 595 


PLATES IN VOL. XV. 
PratE I. Recent Bryozoa. 
= Fishes from the Inland Sea of Japan. 
IV. Species of Goniada, Hemipodus, and Glycera. 
V. Eocene Shells from Nigeria. 
VED 
Vi. 
VIII. >-Chelonethi. 
IX. | 
X. J 
XI, 
XII. 
XIII. Bombinator maximus. 
SLY. 
XV. 
XVI. Skull of Gonorhynchus Greyi. 
XVII. Fusticularia Herdmani. 
XVIII. Cymonomus andamanicus. 


Snakes in the Museums of Lund and Malmo. 


Fungus-germs and Monads, 


THE ANNALS 


AND 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, 


[SEVENTH SERIES.] 


sef-etedtnadcexnecias per litora spargite muscum, 
Naiades, et circitm vitreos considite fontes: 
Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: 
Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. 
At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; 
Tte, recurvato variata corallia trunco 
Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas 
Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.” 

NV. Parthenii Giannettusi, Eel, 1. 


No. 85. JANUARY 1905. 


I.—WNotes on some Recent Bryozoa in d’ Orbigny’s 
Collection. By Antoun WM. WATERS. 


[Plate I. ] 


BEFORE completing my memoir * on the Bryozoa collected in 
the Antarctic by the ‘ Belgica,’ I looked through d’Orbigny’s 
collection to see if it contained any of the species found in 
the Antarctic. These recent +} Bryozoa are in the Palzonto- 
logical Department of the Muséum d’Histoire naturelle in 
Paris, and were referred to by d’Orbigny in the ‘ Paléonto- 
logie Francaise,’ Terrains Crétacés, vol. v., and some had 
already been described by him in ‘ Voyage dans Amérique 
Méridionale.’ However, a large proportion of the species 


* “ Resultats du Voyage du S.Y. ‘ Belgica,’ Bryozoa,” Expéd. Antarct, 
Belge, 1904. 

+ The fossil Cyclostomata have been revised by Pergens in “ Révisions 
des Bryozoaires du Crétacé figurés par d’Orbigny,” Bull. de la Soc. Belge 
de Géologie, vol. iii. 1889, pp. 805-400, pls, xi—xiii.; and the fossil 
Chilostomata have been revised by Canu in “ Révision des Bryozoaires 
du Crétacé figurés par d’Orbigny, Cheilostomata,” Bull. Soc. Géol, de 
France, 3° sér, vol. xxvii. 1900, pp. 834-463, pls. iv.—vii. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 1 


2 Mr. A. W. Waters on some 


were described in such a way that we have had no idea as to 
the species intended, for the characters used were not those 
which we now know are of most importance. 

Although my examination was but a very hurried one, it was 
possible to recognize many species which havesince d’Orbigny’s 
time been more fully described ; in others the affinities only 
could be indicated, for it is often only possible to make a 
determination after prolonged examination and preparation of 
opercula and other structures, besides reference to the literature. 
Some of the most important books were at my side during 
the examination, but it was not possible to have all available 
as if I had worked in my own study. In some cases nothing 
more could be said than that the determination of some un- 
satisfactory specimens is impossible ; but even this may save 
other people time and prevent their trying to make imprac- 
ticable comparisons and determinations. 

Naturally our knowledge of the geographical distribution 
is increased in many cases, and some of the ‘ Challenger’ 
species had been previously seen by d’Orbigny, as :— 


Thalamoporella labiata, Busk. Haswellia auriculata, Busk. 
Adeonella polymorpha, Busk. Adeonella platalea, Busk. 
Lepralia japonica, Busk. 


It has seemed advisable to refer to the species in the order 
in which they occur in the ‘ Paléontologie Franeaise, giving 
the page and plates, when figured, then the reference to 
‘Voyage dans l’Amérique Méridionale’ is added, as well as 
to my memoir of the Bryozoa from the Antarctic collected by 
the ‘ Belgica,’ and to a paper of mine on Bryozoa from Cape 
Horn now in the printer’s hands. It may be taken that, with 
few exceptions, the names in the collection are those given in 
the ‘ Paléontologie Francaise,’ but a few species have the 
names given in the ‘ Voyage,’ and some others the con- 
venient name Cellepora; but it has not been necessary to 
refer to these exceptions. 

It will be understood that only a part of the recent 
Bryozoa described by d’Orbigny are here mentioned and that 
the paper is worked up from rough notes made during a short 
visit. Fig. 1 (Pl. I.) is drawn from the actual specimen, 
but the other figures are drawn from rough sketches and 
must be considered to a large extent diagrammatic. 


‘aXuouds v Suteq sv 
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‘syIvMayy pue Az1TRI0TT “OUBIT "[Bq Ut oe N “ToquIn NY 


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Mr. A. W. Waters on some 


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‘SpuBlsy purpyeg ‘(sn¢_) vzvpnowny myamsnyT = 


‘tantsedo OT} SSOIOR LEG B ST 


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‘BITRISNY 

CON ‘pavsy wyeg mow uno Suryouvrq yooro styy 

aavy JT “dnows npwwany viodiunuquay = “vary "d1O,p ‘vsowne v.usnyig | T[OLET pitt FPG 

"BIOG0Z OMY 

JO WSuo, oy} qnoqe viremorae snoreora Suoy Ar10A ore 

atopy, ‘suoutoeds ey} Suoure satoods teyqjoue oq ose 

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‘ooard [[vuts B ATWO st odo, “ysngy 

‘nyduouhjod “Fr ktqeqoad ‘vyauocapy = ‘URpIseq ep oy ‘IQ,p ‘vsounun) nuyjaimyrsT | ZROST es 106 

‘arng.tode 

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Mr. A. W. Waters on some 


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qnq foro oq Avm oray} pur ‘aMop JoMoT ouo ATTeNsN ‘1-6 ‘seg ‘at ‘Td ‘ZT ‘d ‘r9Ty ‘tomy 

pue ornjtode oy} rvou uoyselord yorqy oy} oavy Toys | AOA “qIO,p “ayraumbnog nurmyossy 

B UO BINMOZ Mol W ‘woyzoddyy = ‘spuRIsy purpyTey "QO,p “Vaypauvbinog vsodaja 
“pansy ‘p-] ‘sag ‘at yd “TT dw 


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[vaazET OY Jnq ‘poos st andy sAusiqiyj dq ‘“oteure ory "q10,p ‘vyonb.wojgns viodayjag 

‘T[948 ey} uo sateds zoqI0 
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[yun ynq ‘pozetogrod st sT[eotAo puB vIo9@0Z oY} Jo 
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‘InJLOdB OY} LOU WNTUAV[NITAB LYNSUVIT} PRoIg BABI, 
uvder wor suemioedg “g ‘vodiswop "7 utse Quomrporzye 
jo sotod orn o1oq} OoRZIMS [RSIOp EY} UO puR “QUOT OY[4 
UO BIUL[NIIAB IB[N.SUVIY PVOLG MEF B LV Lo] esBo BuO 


uy = ‘ysng ‘woewodnl nynudaT= “BooRTR] IP Po..9T ‘QI0,P ‘nubpw vunyosanuay 


‘sapwuvyosT oq [ITAA ‘“pueTpunoparoNy ‘IO,P ‘wsopjaun) numyasaruay 
‘pesuryo useq 
aavy suommoeds sdeqieg ‘rT ‘vsoynyjao vuodajay Alquqoig | "qI0,P ‘vuna.ifp vanyosanuay 
‘ysngy ‘vyvoydnjwozuoo “yy sdeytog ‘“uBpseg ep ory | ‘qIQ,p ‘vorpur v.sodajagy 
(CDULDINIULY 4, 


‘myauoapp =| poyrem “Mp ‘wzyngoy wumyasey 


'so'T QW 'wusaqy ‘vlahyas niuwyag= “eIpeaysny "Q1Q,P {909409 VL.LIAINGN |, 
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‘sauids 1oyno F ‘souds touUTe—gZ ‘wINMe0zZ VT} JO e[pprut ‘GI-6 ‘soy ‘it ‘[d ‘oT ‘d ‘agyy “tawWW 


OY} WO, SUISIIY TUNIIRTNOTAB SLL] B ST 910 “‘UOTyLpUuoD ‘ko “qt Ssupilasypynue sr~yaipUna 
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‘Mads SUM NUN 
-niad *Q ay] SurpjoN ‘eorjd Jo yno or9M 4I JT Se pu 
UVOUBLLOLTPIPY BLAM JL TSNOY} Se SHOOT FL pure ‘szcmauy 
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qnq ‘viowoz AreuIp1o OY} JO yey} UL} Lepr st vlo@oz 
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OMY GIB a10q} BIOMOZ asUNOd OY} UT pue ‘snourtfootod 
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oY} JO apis ayy AQ UWINIIR[MOTAR [BAO T[VUS B ST d.1oY]y 
puv ‘opr st aingtede pero ey} Jo snuts 044 { pozwaojsod 
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YIM jou yonoyy ‘eroMoz ay} punor sarod sautrjoutos 
alB eto} yng f4uo01F ay} UO suoldefoad omy oY pUy 
jou Op] ‘qig,p “ayjaumbhnog vaodayjay xy AUSIGAC),p 
Aq patnsy esoy1 oy, ‘opta ‘pazeaogaod ore sTp[ootAo OUT, 
“MOLPVISNAOUL ShonutjzuOD BV suo ‘woyzoddyy= “IYO 
“OpIAL 
seg 9 ‘ysng Aq pornsy Ayttvpn.set oy} JOU st atoyy 


‘E1-6 ‘884 Tt “Td ‘oT d ‘PHOT 
‘routry “AOA ‘qig,p ‘pumansad nuamyosT 
“qio,p ‘vununaad psodayag 


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‘routy “AOA ‘qIQ,p ‘77M}800 DULLHYOsTT 
"q1Q,P ‘v7n7809 v.1odayja) 


‘P-L ‘soy a qd GT ‘d “aay “Ipury 
‘LOA ‘QIO,P ‘vunispmnpy vurwmyossy 
‘qIQ,p ‘vunspunnpy v.Lodayjag 


“61-6 ‘88g “A “Id ‘eT “d “19 
‘roury ‘AOA ‘"QIQ,p ‘sunbaja nurwmyosT 
‘qiQ,p ‘sunbaja v.odapjag 


g ‘g ‘soy cat id “TT “d “top 
‘iguiy “fo\ "qIQ,p ‘vupryo vurtmyosTT 
; "qtO,p ‘veaprya naodapjag 


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Mr. A. W. Waters on some 


‘pny ‘usnnyy myjavodounpr= “9 OP PTT 'QIQ,p ‘wuohvxay vursodozday 
‘qsuyor ‘sewsoowwn wpyjatodoxyog= oY OP TT "G10, Pp ‘vsobne eae | 
1D a 
‘a yd ‘Tg ‘d ‘Lig “odjeg “yorjuy 
‘dxnp ‘stage ay §‘vazduns —nyjacodozyagy 
‘g-¢ ‘sy *a qd eT “d ao 
soupy ‘LOA ‘qIO,p ‘vayduas vurumyossy 
‘Spurysy puepy[ey] "qt, Pp ‘vayduas vuwodozdayy 
*[[POTAO OY} pUB TANI] 
-norae oy} sesopoue Aqjensn ory ‘teptoq pester v Aq 
pepunosins ore pure ‘vodazj2) UL SB ‘joate SeuITZEUIOS 
axe wIowosZ dopjO OY, “Aepra yuyAoutos st omnjzrode 


ey} UL SNUIs oT} PUB “L0AO TTB poyeaojtod [Joots0 O47 ‘gT-eT ‘s8y cat ‘qd ‘ey cd “ray 
Buravy UL stayTp Jaq ‘oroNw AYfIUUIs B sBy pus “ysugor? | “tpuTW "LOA “qI0,p ‘uMayagusy DULUYOSTT 
‘seutoown pyasodozmog OY] Youu St 4 ‘“odlouRLe OL ‘QlQ;p ‘wuvnayjaqnsyT nurtodojzday 


“IOAO [][B payeloj.1e gq 
“gromoz Moy B ATO OTB eLOYT, "[[Vq ‘v2nyI9 wvyjatod 


“ly St WL yng ‘wunarifp vupatoyossy peyjeqey TY ‘QIQ.p ‘vunriufy DULLOT 
‘proyeadary 

‘ews omgtode pero {vere deop yzt ‘postet qonut sy[eo "qIQ,P ‘vywjnowagny nur.sodayjag 

-IA0 { pozerpImeut “peyouvrq st uINevoz oY], ‘[BsoUeg "q1Q,P ‘vynjnawaqny Driv..odayag 

"Q1O,p ‘syvonul nursodayad 

‘syourpy ‘vwozoyorp vuodayjag Ayquqoad sy “vp Mey "QIO,P ‘syron.h pri.odapjag 


"TT ‘nsujnupst viodapyag ATUAL 
-eddy ‘oanqiodey oy} Aq wintEMOIAR 4N0js ¥B st eT} 


pus ‘ozetojzodmt pue uoedo Ajeptas st [foots oy} ‘eso "IO, ‘puassisoupe nursodayjag 
-OJSVUB pus AopPOUAVIp ul “UUUL G.G yuoqe ole SoTOUBIq ou *‘qIO.P ‘DUASSISOUDL pr.tp.todap}a) 
“TION ‘s2eajpnuun nypasodozyay 
WOIF SLAYIpP si? WY} oes you op yy ‘edozy poor jo adey ‘qI0,p ‘sesuadva vnyasa.taqnjopdayy 
“syVUayYy pus Ayipeoory “SUB [eq Ul ouVNy 


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poovd snuts oy} Mopeq AyoyVrpowMTUT cUNTETNOLAT 
[BAO UR pue ‘spIvVATIAOP pozDoIIp dequIVyo posiet B uO 
WNLNITAR UB oInp.tedv [R10 AY} JO SapIs YZO 10 euo TO 
£mM10e00Z oY} Jo Lopxo0q oy} punod sotod ‘cepNUVLs dovsns 


jeioMoz ‘nyjatodomyoy= (‘g “SY "T ‘[q) ‘Boovyeyy 


"syoUrET {2020.00f2]09 
“wa ‘nono “py Aqeqord ‘wpasodowyy st styy, ‘eydvg 

‘Opis 

alo 4B MUNI MIIA orzrns pozernuvts ‘atod o1yWeD8eA0 
B St Loy], “pny vyjetodownpy = ‘Sparxysy purpy[esy 
TLOW ‘setvbjna nyasodozyoy = “pueypunopzaro nN, 


‘arngiode 0} O1oNUE [TBUTG 
‘S[JOOTAO ON ‘“pornsy ueyZ yno aoygang yoofoad viveyT 

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oy} ut soroeds oA} orev oy, (9S "T Td) ‘Bplavyy 
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WMLIB[NIIAB puNod YL wppacodoxyay= ‘sBag OSaUIY—) 
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WHARTNIIAB PUNOL [TRUS WIIM vypasodonyoy =  “SLOLG[W 


"q10,p ‘vunzaumayp vypug foro ‘SI 
ao, ‘Toys oyy} uo vynuwoo yy AuB puy youop , ‘YINYD 


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DULY OST 


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pestvt ou O1OM oto} SuaTAIDeds 1030 Ur ‘peuoTyUeUT 
Apevorye sv ‘opty ‘pester ATpavy ore seqny oy} Auopoo 
ey} Jo syed ouros ut pue ‘soroeds soyjo Aue ut uMOUy 
-UN oq 0} SstIses sdoquiByo-s10d oY} Wor syBYys eseyy 
jo eouesaad oyy, ‘eqny edxey Ataa vB st ote} wm 
-0% oy} JO pue yeurxoad oy} 9e AyQuonbay pus ‘pedeys 
-Jeuuny 0 oo a Ajduuis toyqy1e ‘saqny yoote ore e10Y]} 
sioquieyo-otod oy} WorZ sv ‘YIM your sSury} Suryse 
-19}Ul ysom oy} Jo ouo st pure “qiag,p ‘supbaja ay YY 
eqn} B uUlsvm Uottods sInT, (F-Z'S5y[ ‘[q) ‘Bouy 
‘uetaoads yxou OT} 
UI SB saqny pastea ou nq ‘eIo@Moz ay} UeeMyoq sarod are 
ao, “qtO,p “agpaumbnog voyzoddrzy ut sv ‘asiey, pue 
OPIA OLB ST[OOTAO OY} SSNUIS MOTIVE B YITA UO Je]]VUIs 
Youu Bw pur ‘snuis epra e@ YIM seuo Areurpr1o oy 
‘pL puUB JLOYS sNodesiT[eotAo oq} ‘Ajouvu ‘aangrodey 
[eto Jo sumIoF va1q} WLM voyzoddizy st styy, ‘osteredye A 
‘TION ‘vunsnyng nypiday = 
‘aetaroeds rood pue yews euo ATUO st 
AO], “BIUB[NOIAR SNOWOIA orev oto] pu orngtode ey} 
jo espe yeurxoard 94} uo saprusp ore otoqy, ‘dnoas 


SNOYWULOSOTOFT OY JO Vuodayaj= “ROoLTRTT Jo seg 
‘pay ‘vznjso9 vsodiuaboyT= ‘siolspy 
‘omnjaode 


ay} PAOge ouoO Le[NSuvLy [[VUSs B puB wNIZWOZ 9q} 
jO Opis euo ye UUNLIREMITAR odieT vB pus ‘aingrede 9xIT 
-piodyjawmay ya ‘nuodojng aytyt ecout “uatagtp oyinb 
‘OAOMOY ‘ST SIYT, “UR[Iseg ep af] ey} MOIZ .. d OBNEL», 
peyteut usutoeds reqjour osye st ateyy, *ATestoasuety 


‘syIemayy pue AjpRo0rT 


‘qlO,p ‘nunyumubuoag vyawmyosazdayy 


“61-8 "88g ‘14 “Td FT -d “soy “oT 
‘LOA "QIO,p ‘vunr.mubu0esg vuramyosT 
"QIO.P ‘vunrjunubuorg vpjadnyosaqday 
"QIO,p ‘vsonvayf nyja.mmyasauiag 


‘1Q.p ‘vunapuna puyjatnyosaqin Wy 


"IQ, p ‘wsopnqgojh puyjawmyosazn yy 


‘SURI "TV Ul eueN 


6E9ET 


C69ET 
F69EL 


G69ET 
L696T 


“Taquan NT 


‘oI 


8oP 
SoV 


‘ane 


"A ‘JOA ‘SuBLT "Bq 


ion. 11 


’s Collect 


a’ Orbigny 


"YOr9a tn 


Recent Bi 


(6a ‘2a ‘88g A ‘Td (OR) OOT A ‘TeIT ‘Ted .{OMVIN OFMOTY 9 VUISOUTET *P "SSOF “LUG ,,) WLLOF SI} LOF apayoazT snUSs B epeUt 


svy TUBIAON 


‘psouds "yyy S¥A\ potaeU os teuMIOads eTJOUR 
qnq ‘sourds y oto oxoqy uemoeds ouo ug “IYO 
‘arptiod 
-uBiqmeyy oy} jo dnois vuodwhz oy} 03 ssuojleq 
pue untsedo [BAO Suoy B sey sy, ‘“SLoLJNOUIIION op OT 
‘sotoods 
pee to “pny “umany vuodiupiquayy = "ROOTRIV 
“TUNLIV] 
-NOIAV PAAIND OSIVI VSI OLY} opls ouo ye puv ‘sarod 
jo mor v fq pepunorms 0.18 ayy 9 Soul [eurpnyLsuoy 
IR[NSAL UT MOLS BINGOZ IB[NBUBpOoeL SMOTGO OY, “HIP 
‘nynynyyods "IVs “wypjnayjas “SY AMI, Yonur wagpwegy 
vst Austqig,p Aq 0} padttoyor SVM YUTG} T Tora ouo 
aya ynq ‘s[[eys ey} uo sotoeds [Rloaos ov CLOUT, “VILUBTY 
‘HOV “MpvnagJas my_UUG 9G [IIA 0} Podtojat ouO 
ayy Inq ‘TTEYs oy} uo sorweds [RtdAOS adv OLYT, "BIOV[VI 
‘ssney ‘yayoazyT “Py “BOISIOK) 


“pone 
‘naonjou *pr=‘ssnery ‘, yayoazy vyjatodownpy = “SOLOW 
“yay ‘wynyjaquin mr.wwyndny = *S1aLoPV 


"BIAR[NITAR JNOYILAL 

nynypon Ajqeqord ‘wurpugay) St YT “BoovTRy, JO spreyg 
“WTY, eL0Jaq BawM]ROMEL ‘g PCY AUSIC 
-I(),P 7eq} yt oye Avm oM pur ‘sT[eys 1ey}O TO siMd90 
“Qovyy ‘njnjnoyar Dyjnug eyy yng ‘,, yuenbuvurt suoy[ty 

-UBo9 ,, “Jos B ST odoY} oGn} eyy UT ‘“spuRlSsT puepy[eT 
‘punod Ay1veu st ‘MoOTAq WIOIT 
uves sv furmtoeoz Arvid ony, ‘avyprumis oq Avut OT} 
-ouny oy} pur ‘uIMTIG0z 9Y} Jo dapxog oy} punos sourds 
ayeolfop ale oloyy “pny ‘nuossog vynadaT up ‘seqny 


‘(nypuyasa 4xe} ut poyutadstur) 
LI-SL ‘s8y ma Td ‘op ‘d sappy “agar 


‘AOA ‘QIQ,p ‘vznuyoa nuodiuniquayy 
‘QIQ,p ‘vsouns viodiihT 


‘QQ, P ‘Vumapuna DIUMIA.“SNDT 


"G1Q,P ‘nyvunjduos vwodranyosagday 


"q10,p ‘v7n}800 nurmpasodojzday 
"IQ, p ‘vsoLod nuyjasodozday 


"Q1Q0,p ‘vsosod nurapyasodojdaay 
‘QIQ,p ‘vunpinuag nyjasodoosyT 


*qIO.p ‘vampur npjaumyosagdayy 


‘P-L ‘sag ta ‘fd ‘eT “d “zy 
‘tioury “AOA “QIQ,P ‘M7PDnULL DULY OST 
“OHovyy ‘Vywjnurt yammyosagdoy 


LOLEL 


90ZEL 
FOLEL 


66961 


869ET 
V 16VE1 


LZ69ET 
OOLET 


969ET 


na O6P 


wom QF 


Mr. A. W. Waters on some 


12 


-aduods sdeyae 


PST TT Te 


‘T[@01A0 oY} JO LouL0d TOBA 
4B WINIV[NOIAB ][VMIs BV YA ‘TJoorao oyty-deo opra v 
‘urnisado [Bro esiey YIM viodimiquayy = “uadxoqzyidg 
(16g ‘d “1x "Joa ‘y tos “SIFT “JON 
‘OU WY ‘auy) syourpy ‘vuafiwum awa ‘sencoown vsod 
-079) P2[B SVT URULION FRY ST SUT, ‘“pueppunoparony 
‘aanjtode [Bio oY} WO AVF ou ‘puno.t aod werpout 
SoovfFINS oT} LoAV satod yeas may ‘repnuvIs ATosrv09 
adBJAUMS § BI9MOZ BSLV YIM Yyatodowiyy =~ “uad1oqzjidg 
“IBPMSUVBLAyAqns 
ainqiode [Rio oy} YA “[wuosexoy wmMDMo07 ‘s10lspy 
‘qsuyor ‘nuafimeds * py Atquqoad 
SE 4 puv ‘teproq ey} punoa sautds ynojs eae oto, 
piafuus ,, XOq OY} UL UWA peg oMoOoMOg ‘sopRaTeg 
‘(eg aded oas) ppz ‘d 
I ‘Pd “U0,p ‘vynanav v.ysnfig=  ‘*pur[punojmen 
‘DUIYY JUeLayIp B eymMb st sty, ‘wsepexy) ep aT 
‘dnois “pny ‘apimang "r=  "BooV[ RI 
“19 DU0| 
Gonut ae BITRTNOLAY YY gnq ‘syourPFT ‘sewpuhrw “py 
JOS SpUIMer sIqy, “WnIweNoIAe paaano ATYSITS Suoy wv 
aspe [eysrp ey} Aq pu “{peotao eyt-deo [pems v ‘wntsedo 
punol oFivy vB svy 4 (6 OY *] Tq) ‘svag osouryy 
‘pny ‘asnpopy vpjatodo.worpy 
AJuo ‘TJeys oy} uo viodiumiquayy Ou st oloyy, “NAAT 
“psouds "Ay 
SI qorya. sourds gy—2y— WLM TIGO wow vwodiuniquayy 
B SI alory ang ‘soutds 10} ueyeystur ate sonords 
pur ‘soutds ou seq uempeads oy, ‘nt9g 


‘SyIVULAY puB Ay T[eoo'y 


"q10,p ‘noua nur.ysnpfojday 
"G10, Pp ‘vuprrwaupn nyatsnyfojday 


"IQ, P ‘vax700n npjaugsnpfiLhyT 
"Q10,P ‘vuop nppausnpypoosuT 


"Q10,p ‘nynyra nLodiuniquayy 


"qIgQ,p ‘opz2undig viodiuniquayy 
"qiQ,p ‘sesuaoonjnU niodruniquayy 
‘QIQ,P ‘sesuavomjpUE D.Lodiupiquia Ky 


‘QIO,P ‘srsuaus niodiupmiquayy 
‘9 ‘essay ima ‘qd ‘pT “d “roy apury 
‘AOA "QIO,p ‘stinynbawu vtodiuniquayy 


‘p-T ‘sdg mma ‘qd ‘ot “dao 


‘roury ‘£04 ‘'q10,p ‘vsowuds voodiunuquayy 


‘SUBIT ‘[Bq UT oulVNy 


PELET isc G89 
TéZé1 ae TZg 
GGLET ony Og 
SIZET penee 19¢ 
STZEL wen SPS 
9TZEL had &Fg 
VY FILET 
PIZEL a 6FS 
SIZE arp GPS 
6OLZET of as Grg 
80ZET ans GFo 


Q 


‘aq =| ‘ane 


‘aqui NY 
"A ‘JOA "SUBILT [Bq 


13 


Recent Bryozoa in d’ Orbigny’s Collection. 


‘ST-IT ‘s5g 
‘te yd ‘9d “Atgy URpPILOL.T "[OIG ‘umeagpagsyoory purse 
sv poqnosep FIMg 4VyA Jo syuemseIg  ‘oyouay, 
‘n1oe00z AUBU LOAO SUTPU}X9 JOU PUL pasTeL YonuT 
jou “MOTBIANJIG B ABO ST [JIAO OY], ‘“SpUurLysyT puLLyTRT 
‘wsupdsy.y stomoeds oy [TY “B[Lue yy 
‘ooard ypeus 
ev ATH st atoyy Inq “oxzwnpy “7 oq Av *puvppunoyaon 
‘suad.as "7 ssoqyqnop ‘aoerd [[eMg ‘oxy op el] 
ULB ET ‘V2NNI 
Yat TSB PAYWOSep YIMOLS [eseq ay} SI qT ‘wostoqzyidg 
‘plodouayHT a yYStur to vLodowajzazyT JO YAMOAd 
jeseq oq FYyStut suatapoads omy oy} Jo ou, ‘WeZNYD eT 
“OUTULLOJOp 07 eTqrssod tat et 
PMO FT YIM vsodouayorvyT UIOM VST 4T ‘“uastoqzq1dg 
‘ysug, ‘nppuabunuayn) purriguig 
pue “qig,p ‘vazduas nyoodonyoy ‘vodojnmosy osye 
a1v eNOS OY} UO IO uoMeds oY} UD ‘spURIST puLpyeT 
‘paor[dstp uoaq ATquqoad sey uoew 
-toods sv] Sty, “toquinu Aue ynoyM yng Oxy Op OTT 5, 
peTjeqvy soteds ows oy} Os[v st oto, “puvppunopaony 
“AUSIGIO,P 
kq pamsy sv ‘szutof savy ose} pur ‘soutds moy qnq 
ore eteyy, ‘squrol snouytys youlq Aq payeredes Sutoq 
SOPOUIOJUL OY} ‘VIDGOZ GAIT} LO OMY TIT SLOYJO AOTTOF 
wey} “eroc0z Av yNoyITA sjarol yeseq Jo LoquInt B 4s.Ay 
ow aloyT, ‘suomtooeds [femMs MMoz ore oLoyT, “erMOSuyeg 
‘nsipdsyiy JO SyUIUSeIyy “BLULOFT[LED ‘opeue, oT] 
“HOTVULUMLOJOp Lo ood 007 syuaMIRI “svog oseutyD 
DINULOD 5, 
apisur poqery ry ‘vuahipuay myynump ox, sy ‘BIpRaysny 
‘nynhing Ayao st eqn, ey} Up “RlpVaysny 
‘DaoDUDLQuaUl DLodiunAQuiayy eC 01 SULIeG “Bog UBIpUT 


"IQ. P ‘sesuar.muns nauompy 

‘IZ-L1 ‘88g “xt ‘yd ‘Og *d “a9 TH 
‘IoUV “SOA ‘"QIQ,P ‘wunouprpy wmauowpy 
"GIO, P ‘vousns vauoUpT 


"Q10,— ‘vynpsnbup nauowupy 
‘(IOP ‘vIDIORp vauow pT 


“xuVry ‘psoonsiaa vLodpuowy 
. ‘ fy 
QtQ,P ‘vuvapuna nuahrasnfoosyy 


. 6999; 4 y 
QtO,p ‘nyndna niabhrosnfoosiT 


‘PO-BG ‘88g “xt ‘yd ‘Tz +d crap 
dpury “£04 "q1Q,p ‘vsowns vuodynnosn.T 


"Q1Q,p ‘aponuhgns wnozowhpy 


‘Sh ‘s8g td ‘4 cd “19TH 
‘TQULY ‘AOA “AIO, P ‘vumspunmpsy nypis.(D 
‘QIO,p ‘vumspmnpy msg 
“QIQ.p ‘vyppound prsrn 
"QIO,P ‘saswaues mse) 


‘yuery ‘pdse1a mrimpnrtagy 
“arery “pynU.Loo DUDA 
"Q10,P ‘vavunjduos nurusnpfojday 


> 


9PLET 


SPLET 
PPLEL 


SPLET 
GPLEL 


6EZET 
8SEZET 
LEZEL 


géZéL 


PEZET 


éSléL 
LéZéL 
GELEL 


9GLE 
GELET 
6GLZEL 


G09 
009 


669 
6S 


S69 


18g 


Mr. A. W. Waters on some 


14 


‘epuepsy PUSLTLeT 


‘plod 
-opuojgy pue “ry ‘suaduas pauowpy st Oley T, “9 OP eT 


‘SpURS] PULPTTRT 
‘YIMOIS oPeTNOTOSEZ WIT vLodyngny “BIpBAysU Vy 


‘Burmoss st “qig,p ‘wnhiquy vaqnwong woul 
-1oods oy, UG, “WUT FT.Q oqny [BINM0Z = ‘spuL[sy puRpyyeT 


‘Audiqig,p Aq pamsy [Joa st sty, “PuBppunofaro 
‘muoyd 
-O]DIUT OMOS UL SVB ‘1940504 eso AOA BIOWOT “UBZNYL) | 
‘paUuoUlpy UIOA\ “ATLAOUAT, | 
‘JOTOLA ST ANO[Oo 
out, T ‘suaduas nauowpy Ajqeqord st 47 “purppunojaroN 


‘syreuloyy pus A41/800'T 


1g ‘d ‘Aig ‘esq yuy 
‘dxa ‘siaye ay ‘wemojoyorp vsodoznwmozy 
‘e1-2 ‘s8y “xt Td “GT d “ON 
‘rpmy “LOA ‘"qiQ,p ‘wwozoyorp nrdaseny 
"IO,P ‘Mwopoyorp nULISOGO4T 


‘qr ‘suaduas purasogo.uq 


‘qv 2 say “xt "jd ‘QQ ‘d “Arg ‘osjeg 
‘quy ‘dxnp ‘staqye Ay ‘vauinga vcodomuojy 


‘OT-FT ‘say “xt ‘yd ‘0g -d 


‘OW ‘toury “LOA “qIQ,p ‘vauinga oj00) 7 


‘QIO,p ‘vauinga v.1odopnumojy 
HOP ‘miunbawh p.Lodyngn 7, 
‘ced “Arg ‘espeg ‘yuy “dxqy 


‘s1oq@ Ay fe-[ ‘soy “xt Td ‘etd “9qy 
‘roury ‘AOA ‘qIQ,p ‘sunsrunb.so v.1odyngn 7, 


| 


"IO, P ‘ojnurb.nuojn) v..odopspuT 


"q1Q,P ‘vsobns vsundsyruzt 
"q1Q,p ‘vwurbinu vsindsyrwy 


‘q1Q,p ‘suanjfuos viabhignjzojdoyy 


‘Suet [eq Ul omen 


99LET 
V9OLET 


COLET 
POLEL 
COLEL 
O9LET 


LGLEL 
9¢ZéEL 


"Taq uan NY 


6PLET 


fe 
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8. yee 
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’s Collection. 


igny s 


rn @’ Orbi 


"yoz0a in 


Recent Bi 


‘JaouRO OY} ULI} LaB«vyT ore voaoz oy, “nord “uwMopy 
‘ypidsiy vsodouayvT 94} JO St SIYT, ‘SpuR[s, puepy[eT 

‘ysngy ‘poruwofyva nypasodoasy ayy 

9q 0} Maes JOU SOOP SIT], ‘“OZIS oMUS OY} JnogE T][a0uvD 
‘pue viowmoz ‘pasier AQYSTs ‘[eMestun o1v viowoz oY], 

"SLOJR AA ‘DaUDLappaul “TT 

io “yuog ‘saprouayoyn "FT IY}e St YuaULoFT JoyoUV 
pue “xurery ‘opyjnoipuowf JT St oloyy, ‘“UvoweLo} pop] 


DUSTER POURS 
‘AYRARTO SOTOUBIG 
oy} JO spuo oy YIM wloydopzug st SIT,  ‘StoLspy 
‘so[Ngny sBy VL9GM0Z 914 
jo OINSOTO OY} esayy UT pure “(seyntoe0z) seynqny TeI9@0z 
-19}UL ynoyyiM vuodojsnyT B aiw stoyjo pus “ysuyor 
‘pyago nlodojspyT eae stautieds eMog ‘UvoTR.LLozIpoT 
‘(‘Joo7, “o0g ‘uury ‘umor ,“utozy odey ‘Arg, 
908) saywA\ ‘aroun xed ‘nyaqo vLodopspyT IYI OT} 
ur sv ‘aanqaode yero ayy Aq (sepntoe@oz) so[nqny [eroaoz 
“IOJUL YIM ViodozspuT st sty ‘BOOVTRIY JO spRyg 
‘pioduynumojy Sarproids adrey "pueypunojme\y 


‘o-p ‘soy “xr yd “6p ‘d “z9Ty 
‘tomy ‘AOA *q10,p ‘seulofradhja naan 


"A1Q,p ‘vorutofyne naannuy 


‘4u0 g ‘saprouayoy v.LauLozy 
9 ‘» gy ‘say “ta “Td ‘Og “d Arey “ospogy 
quy ‘dxop ‘staqeay ‘vorgsne nriumvvsrg 
"GL-SI ‘seg *x ‘Td ‘ce ‘d “9 TY 
sipmiy ‘AoA *qtQ,p ‘7028n. vLodopngsng 
"q1Q,p ‘paIsns vsnDID 


"QiQ,p ‘vunort{p psnnjnanyy 


xu] ‘suauuoud mowawg 


"AQ, Pp ‘sesuaoonpnue MULds0go.T 
"QO, p ‘vyofiqn) DULI80gQOKg 


6LLET 


I8ZéT 


OLLET 


69LE 
89ZET 


CPR 


616 


P68 


L¥8 
Z¥8 


16 On some Recent Bryozoa in d@ Orbigny’s Collection. 


Other species seen. 


Monoporella albicans, Hincks, 13782, occurs from Cuba with 
Unicavea. 


Microporella parvipora, Waters, 13676, Falkland Islands, 
with Stomatopora. Exp. Ant. Belge, p. 43, pl. ili. 
figs. 2 a, b. 


Smittia reticulata, MacG., 13676, Falkland Islands. 


Eucratea ambigua, WOrb., 13672, Falkland Islands, with 
Tubulipora organisans, Orb. 


Laminopora? contorta, WOrb., locality not given. Michelin, 
Magasin de Zoologie, 1842, pl. iii. This does not 
seem to be uncommon in the North Atlantic, as un- 
named specimens occur in several museums. Many of 
the characters resemble those of Schizoporella bimimita, 
Hincks. Busk marked a specimen now in the British 
Museum from John Adams Bank, Cape de Verde, 
“ Herald,” with the manuscript name Adeonella dolicho- 
stoma, Busk. 


Smittia pavonella, Alder, occurs from Teneriffe. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. 


Fig. 1. Membranipora aculeata (d’Orb.). No. 18702,as Biflustra aculeata, 
d’Orb. Newfoundland. x 25. Page 5. 

Fig. 2. Hippothoa Brongniartiana (d’Orb.). No, 18639. From Arica, 
without name. Copied from sketch. Page 10. 

Fig. 3. Ditto. The erect tubes seen from the side. 

Fig. 4. Ditto. Diagrammatic section across the zocecium, showing the 


zocecial chambers (z.c.) and the interstitial pore-chambers 
(p.c.), from which the erect tubes arise. 
Fig. 5. Flabellopora? elegans, @Orb. No. 13669. From Malacca. 
Drawn from outline-sketch. Page 3. 
6. Conescharellina? dilatata, d’Orb. No. 13680, From Manila, 
From outline sketch. Page 9. 
Fig. 7. Conescharellina? angustata, @Orb. No. 13679. From Lle de 
Basilan. Copied from sketch. Page 9. 
Fig. 8. Schizoporella (Reptescharellina) inequalis, VOrb. No. 18690, 
From Malacca. Copied from sketch. Page 9. 
Fig. 9. Membranipora sinensis, d’Orb. No. 13713. From Chinese 
Seas. From sketch. Page 12. 
Fig. 10. Bracebridgia (Escharellina) ramosa, VOrb. No. 13681. From 
Pondicherry. The right-hand zoccia are on the border of the 
zoarium, From sketch. Page 5, 


On Fishes from the Inland Sea of Japan. 17 


IIl—On a Collection of Fishes from the Inland Sea of 
Japan made by Mr. R. Gordon Smith. By C. Tare 
REGAN, B.A. 

Plates IL, & IIL.] 


THE British Museum has recently received from Mr. R. 
Gordon Smith a large series of fishes collected by him in the 
Inland Sea of Japan, containing examples of thirteen species 
which appear to be new to science. 

In the following list I have included the new species, with 
some which appear to be new to the Japanese fauna and 
others which it seems useful to notice or to redescribe. 


1. Clupea zunasi, Bleek. 


Giinther places this species in the section with toothless 
palate, but although the palate appears to lack teeth in the 
typical example preserved in the British Museum, several 
specimens collected by Mr. Gordon Smith have small teeth 
on the palate, as stated by Bleeker in his description of the 


species. 


2. Ophichthys intermedius, sp. n. 


Depth of body 22 in the length of head, which is 3} in the 
length of the trunk or 102 in the total length of the fish. 
Length of tail 12 that of head and trunk. Diameter of eye 
14 in the snout, which is 5} in the length of head. Teeth 
pointed, in a single series in each jaw. Pectoral a little more 
than + the length of head. Origin of dorsal above anterior 
4 of pectoral. Upper part of the body brown, with some 
yellow blotches or irregular bands ; lower part of the body 
yellowish. Dorsal with alternate light grey and blackish 
blotches and with a blackish edge; anal grey, black-edged ; 
pectoral blackish. 

A single specimen, 910 mm. in total length, 

The genus Microdonophis, distinguished from Ophichthys 
by having the origin of the dorsal in front of the base of the 
pectoral imstead of behind it, seems hardly worth recogni- 
tion. The species described above approaches more nearly to 
Microdonophis in respect of this character than to most species 


of Ophichthys. 


3. Belone annulata, Cuv. & Val. 


Previously recorded from China and various Indo-Pacific 
localities. 


Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 2 


18 Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from 


4, Exocetus Solandri, Cuv. & Val. 
Previously recorded from the Indian Ocean. 


5. Ammodytes alascanus, Cope. 
Previously recorded from Alaska. 


6. Sphyrena pinguis, Giinth. 
Previously recorded from Chefoo. 


7. Bregmaceros Macclellandi, Thomps. 


Previously recorded from the Indian Ocean, China, and 
the Philippine Islands. 


8. Caprodon Schlegelii, Giinth. 
Depth of body 22 in the length, length of head 32. Snout 


nearly as long as eye, the diameter of which is 33 in the 
length of head. Maxillary extending to below posterior edge 
of pupil, the width of its distal extremity 3 the diameter of 
eye. 24 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch. 
Dorsal X 21, the spines increasing in length to the fourth, 
which is ? the length of head and nearly as long as the longest 
soft rays. Anal III 8. Pectoral 14 the length of head ; 
ventral shorter than the head, not extending to the anal. 
Caudal truncate. Scales 66%. Lateral line 62. Pink; two 
yellow stripes in front of the eye; fins yellowish; posterior 
part of spinous dorsal with an irregular blackish blotch. 

Total length of the specimen described, 270 mm. 

This species is principally distinguished from the South 
Pacific C. longimanus, Giinth., by the wider mouth and the 
truncate caudal. 


9. Chetopterus Sieboldit, Bleek. 


Body ovate, moderately compressed. Depth of body 24 in 
the length, length of head 32. Snout shorter than eye, the 
diameter of which is 3} in the length of head, interorbital 
width 23%. Mouth oblique ; jaws equal anteriorly ; maxillary 
exposed, without supplemental bone, extending to below 
anterior + of eye, the width of its distal extremity 2 the 
diameter of eye; premaxillaries protractile ; small villiform 
teeth in bands in jaws and on vomer and palatines; both jaws 
with a moderately enlarged outer series of teeth and with 
2 or 3 moderate canines on each side anteriorly. Preorbital 


the Inland Sea of Japan. 19 


narrow. Interorbital region, snout, jaws, suborbitals, and 
preoperculum naked ; rest of the head scaly. Cheek with 
6 series of scales; praeoperculum rounded and slightly pro- 
duced at the angle, with radiating ridges and crenulate margin ; 
operculum with two spines. Pseudobranchiz well developed ; 
gill-rakers as long as gill-fringes, 20 on the lower part of 
anterior arch; six branchiostegals. Dorsal X 10, the spines 
increasing in length to the fourth, which is nearly 3 the 
length of head, the last a little more than 4 the length of 
head. Anal HI 8. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. Pectoral 
faleate, with 17 rays, longer than the head, extending to 
above the origin of anal. Ventrals commencing a little behind 
the pectorals, extending to the vent. Caudal deeply forked, 
covered with scales except near the posterior margin. Scales 
finely denticulated, 72. Lateral line concurrent with the 
dorsal profile. Uniformiy olivaceous. 

Total length of the specimen described, 230 mm. 

This species has been referred by Jordan and Snyder to the 
genus Aprion, Cuv. & Val. I have compared it with the 
type species, A. virescens, which differs notably in the more 
elongate body, larger mouth and stronger dentition, deeper 
preorbital and very short pectoral. It is also evident that 
the structure of the skull must be very different. I have also 
compared C. Sieboldit with Aspilus dentatus, Guichenot, which 
is the type of the genus Tropidinius, Gill, but is placed by 
Messrs. Jordan and Kvermann in Aspilus, Cuv. & Val. The 
two species appear to me to be closely allied and certainly 
congeneric. On the other hand, Aspilus fuscus, the typical 
species of the genus Aspilus, seems to be a very different 
fish, especially in lacking canine teeth. Iam therefore in- 
clined to retain the genus Chetopterus and to regard 
Tropidinius as a synonym oft it. 


GYMNAPOGON, gen. nov. 
Allied to Telescopias, Jord. & Snyder. Body oblong, 


compressed ; scales entirely wanting; sides of head with a 
network of series of small pores; body with 20 or more 
vertical series of small pores on each side, and with the 
lateral line apparently represented by a longitudinal series 
running to below the soft dorsal and usually commencing 
again on the middle of the side and running to the base of 
the caudal. Mouth wide, oblique; jaws equal anteriorly ; 
1axillary exposed ; teeth pointed, in a single series in the 
jaws and on the palatines ; vomer with.a few teeth ; lower 
jaw with 3 or 4 curved canines on each side, placed laterally ; 
)* 


= 


20 Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from 


upper jaw with 2 or 3 anterior canines on each side, Pree- 
operculum entire, with a produced membranous flap at the 
angle. Gill-membranes not united ; seven branchiostegals ; 
gill-rakers slender, Two dorsals, with VI, I 10-11 rays, 
the spines slender ; anal with II 9-10 rays; dorsal and anal 
fins scaleless. Pectoral symmetrical, rounded or obtusely 
pointed, with 13 or 14 rays. Caudal subtruncate or rounded, 
the posterior edge usually slightly emarginate. 


10. Gymnapogon japonicus, sp. 0. 


Depth of body 4-5 in the length, length of head 3. Snout 
as long as eye, the diameter of which is 4-4} in the length 
of head and nearly equal to the interorbital width. Maxillary 
extending a little beyond the posterior edge of eye. Gill- 
rakers as long as gill-fringes, 9 or 10 on the lower part of 
anterior arch. Dorsal VI, I 10-11, the fourth spine the 
longest, less than 3 the length of head; longest soft rays 
about } the length of head. Pectoral ? the length of head; 
ventral not extending to anal. Caudal peduncle about twice 
as long as deep. Olivaceous; caudal often blackish 
posteriorly. 

Numerous specimens, measuring up to 45 mm. in total 
length. 


11, Pagrus unicolor, Quoy & Gaim. 


The habitat of this species is thus given by Dr. Giinther : 
‘* New Zealand; Australian Seas. (Chinese Seas ?) ” 


12. Sciena albiflora, Richards. 
Previously recorded from China. 


13. Minous monodactylus, Bl. Schn. 


Minous Adams?, Richards., cannot be maintained as a distinct 
species. I have compared numerous specimens from Japan 
with examples of J/. monodactylus from the Indian Ocean, 
and am quite unable to see specific differences. I regard 
Minous echigonius *, Jord. & Starks, as merely a nominal 
species ; it is based on a single specimen, and the characters 
which are supposed to differentiate it from J. Adams? are all 
subject to considerable variation, as I have convinced myself 
by examining a large series of examples. 


14. Pterots Jordani, sp. n. 
Depth of body 3 times in the length and equal to the 
* Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxvii. 1904, p. 153, fig. 14. 


the Inland Sea of Jupan. 21 


length of head. Snout as long as eye, the diameter of which 
is 8 times in the length of head and twice the interorbital 
width. Maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye. 
Interorbital space concave, scaly ; supraorbital tentacles 
feeble ; supraorbital ridge with 2 or 3 teeth and anteriorly 
and posteriorly with smaller denticulations; suborbital ridge 
denticulated, separated from the eye by a space as wide as 
the diameter of eye; preoperculum with 3 spines. Scales 
deciduous, about 35 ina longitudinal series. Dorsal XII 10, 
the fourth and fifth spines the longest, nearly 2 the length 
of the fish (without caudal). Anal IIL 6. Pectoral without 
detached rays, extending to base of caudal ; ventral extending 
a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal peduncle 14 as long as 
deep. Olivaceous; vertical fins pale, the soft dorsal with a 
few dark spots ; pectoral and ventral blackish. 

A single specimen, 68 mm. in length to the base of caudal. 

Allied to P. nigripinnis, Gilchrist, which has a smaller 
eye and broader interorbital region. 

Named after Dr. D. 8S. Jordan, who has so greatly added 
to our knowledge of the Fishes of Japan during the last few 


years. 


15. Erisphex achrurus, sp.n. (Pl. II. fig. 3.) 


Depth of body 22-3 in the length, length of head 34-3}. 
Snout as long as eye, the diameter of which is } the length 
of head and equal to the interorbital width. Maxillary ex- 
tending a little beyond anterior margin of eye. Preorbital 
with 2 spines, the posterior the longer; preoperculum with 
4 spines, the uppermost the longest. Body covered with 
velvety prickles; lateral line with about 12 pores. Dorsal 
XII 12, the first spine } the length of head, the third and 
fourth the shortest and about 4 the length of head, from it 
the rays increase in length to the middle soft rays, which are 
2 the length of head. Anal IL 10. Pectoral extending to 
origin of anal or a little beyond. Ventral I 2. Caudal sub- 
truncate. Reddish brown, marbled with darker; dorsal, anal, 
and pectoral with dark markings or nearly uniformly black- 
ish ; caudal pale, sharply separated from the dark ground- 
colour of the body. 

Four specimens, measuring up to 70 mm. in total length, 
from depths of 80-40 fathoms. 

Comparison of the largest example with one of ZL. Pottiz, 
Stdr., of 76 mm., shows the latter species to differ in having 
a larger head and larger mouth, as well as in coloration. 


22 Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from 


16. Lepidotrigla Smithii, sp. n. (Pl. II. fig. 4.) 


Depth of body about 4 in the length, length of head 38. 
Diameter of eye 34-4 in the length of head, interorbital width 
about 4. Snout 2 the length of head or less, with a slightly 
emarginate or notched and teebly serrated or entire anterior 
edge, and with a pair of short spinous processes, the distance 
between the apices of which is equal to or a little greater 
than the diameter of eye. Maxillary extending to below 
auterior margin of eye; depth of suborbital nearly equal to 
ihe length of snout; no distinct transverse groove behind the 
orbits. Scales of the lateral line each with a short spine, 
58-63 in number, each of the anterior ones corresponding to 
two of those below it; 23-26 spiny scutes along the bases of 
the dorsal fins. Dorsal VIJI-LX, 15, the second and third 
spines suLequal and } the length of head. Anal 14.  Peec- 
toral as long as the head, extending to above anterior } of 
anal. Ventral extending a little beyond origin of anal. 
Caudal truncate. Olivaceous, with a tinge of pink; a blackish 
spot on the upper part of the spinous dorsal between the 
fourth and sixth spines; an obscure dark stripe along the 
soft dorsal ; inner surface of pectoral blackish, with small 
white spots ; other fins uniformly pale. 

Five specimens, 70 to 90 mm. in total length. 


17. Gobius elapoides, Giinth. 


Prerogobius daimio *, Jord, & Snyder, should be added to 
the synonymy of this species, from which it is said to differ 
in the absence of a band on the caudal. The numerous 
specimens I have examined certainly belong to one species ; 
in some there is no trace of a dark vertical bar at the base 
of the caudal, in others there is a bar or vertically expanded 
spot, usually rather faintly marked, more rarely as dark as 
tle bars on the body and like them edged with yellow. 


18. Tridentiger marmoratus, sp. n. (PI. II. fig. 2.) 


Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 33. Snout 
as long as eye, the diameter of which is 5 in the length of 
head. Width of osseous interorbital space #-? the diameter 
of eye. Maxillary extending to below posterior edge of eye. 
50-52 scales in a longitudinal series, 16 or 17 between soft 
dorsal and origin of anal. Dorsal VI, 13, the third and fourth 
spines the longest, 3 the length of head and a little longer 
than the longest soft rays. Anal 12. Pectoral 4 the length 


* Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus, xxiv. 1901, p. 91, fig. 17. 


the Inland Sea of Japan. 23 


ail Caudal elec Caudal Stale ine as vee as Mane, 
Brownish, marbled with darker; a dark stripe from eye to 
upper part of opercle; fins dark greyish; first ray of each 
dorsal light, with 3 or 4 blackish spots ; anal with a blackish 
intramarginal stripe ; pectoral blackish at the base and with 
a white cross-bar. 

Two specimens, 62 and 74 mm. in total length. 


19. Tridentiger genimaculatus, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 1.) 
Depth of body 43 in the length, length of head 3}. Snout 


shorter than eye, the diameter “of which is 4? in the length 
of head. Width of osseous interorbital space 2 the diameter 
of eye. Maxillary extending nearly to below middle of eye. 
§5 scales in a longitudinal series, 16 between soft dorsal and 
origin of anal. Dorsal VI, 12, the third and fourth spines 
the longest, $ the length of head and about as long as the 
longest soft rays. Anal 11. Pectoral nearly as long as the 
head, extending to above the vent. Ventral # the length of 
head, extending nearly # of the distance from its base to the 
origin of anal. Caudal subtruncate. Caudal peduncle 12 as 
long as deep. Olivaceous, with obscure darker cross-bars ; 
sides of head with light spots; fins pale greyish; dorsals 
with alternate light and dark longitudinal stripes in their 
basal halves; caudal obscurely spotted; anal with a dark 
intramarginal stripe ; pectoral blackish at the base, and with 
an indistinct pale cross-bar. 
A single specimen, 53 mm. in total length. 


20. Luciogobius elongatus, sp. n. 


Depth of body 10-12 in the length, length of head 7-8. 
Eyes small, rather widely separated; cheeks swollen; cleft 
ot mouth oblique, extending to below middle of eye. Dorsal 
and anal fins short and low, the former with about 7 rays, the 
latter with about 9. Pectoral about 2 the length of head. 
Ventrals represented by a very small scale-like flap, without 
distinct rays. Caudal rounded. Olivaceous, with numerous 
small dark spots. 

Several specimens, measuring up to 40 mm. in total length. 


21. Callionymus ornatipinnis, sp.n. (PI. II.) 


Depth of body 7-8 in the length, length of head (measured 
to the gill-opening) nearly 4. Snout longer than eye, the 


24 Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from 


diameter of which is equal to or a little less than its distance 
from the gill-opening. Interorbital space slightly concave, 
its width 4 the diameter of eye or less. Head covered with 
smooth skin; maxillary not extending to below the eye; 
gill-opening small, superior ; preeopercular spine rather short 
and stout, # the diameter of eye or less, with 3 (rarely 2) 
recurved spines at the tip and with a small forwardly directed 
spine at the base. <A single lateral line. Dorsal IV, 9. 
Anal 9. (In one specimen D. 1V,10; A. 10.) Males with 
the dorsal spines produced into filaments; the second the 
longest, a little longer than the first and about equal to the 
distance from tip of snout to gill-opening. Females with 
none of the dorsal spines produced; the first and second 
subequal, about 2? of the distance from tip of snout to gill- 
opening. Soft dorsal with the 2 or 3 anterior rays longer than 
the 4 or 5 succeeding ones, about 3 the distance from tip of 
snout to gill-opening ; last ray longer, extending to the base of 
caudal (females) or beyond (males). Caudal fin 4 the length 
of the fish (without caudal) or less. Brownish; upper part 
of head and body covered with small dark rings enclosing 
lighter areas ; sometimes 3 or 4 dark cross-bars on the back ; 
usually 3 or 4 blackish spots along the middle of the side. 
Spinous dorsal, in the male, dark greyish, with small light 
spots with darker centres and a small blackish spot on the 
margin of the membrane between the third and fourth spines ; 
in the female, pale in front of the third spine, black behind 
it. Soft dorsal greyish with several series of oval light 
spots with darker centres, which are smaller and better 
defined above, and with 1 or 2 series of small blackish 
spots. Caudal with numerous round or oval black spots 
intermixed with light ones. Anal pale. Pectoral pale, 
obscurely spotted in its upper part. Ventral usually with a 
blackish bar near its outer margin in the male, but not in the 
female. 

Four males and three females, 98-174 mm. in total 
length. 


22. Callionymus lunatus, Schleg. 


The species figured by Messrs. Jordan and Snyder under 
this name is certainly not Schlegel’s species, but appears to 
be the Callionymus inframundus of Gill. There are con- 
siderable discrepancies between Messrs. Jordan and Snyder’s 
description and their figure, and it is possible that the former 
may be in part based on specimens of C. lunatus. ‘The male 
specimen described and figured by Schlegel has the first 
dorsal spine produced into a long filament, reaching beyond 


the Inland Sea of Japan. 25 


the end of the soft dorsal when laid back ; the last dorsal ray, 
when laid back, reaches the caudal, which is 2 the length of 
the fish (without caudal) ; there is a lunate blackish spot on 
the upper part of the membrane behind the fourth dorsal 
spine. Three female examples from the Inland Sea of Japan 
have the first dorsal spine slightly produced, reaching the 
first or second soft ray when laid back; the last dorsal ray, 
when laid back, does not reach the caudal, which is ? the 
length of the fish ; the spinous dorsal is pale, with some 
darker spots and with a large blackish spot on the upper 
half of the fin between the third and fourth spines. 


23. Pseudorhombus ocellifer, sp. n. 
Depth of body 2-21 in the length, length of head 3?. 


Snout shorter than eye, the diameter of which is 33-32 in 
the length of head. Eyes separated by a ridge. Maxillary 
extending to below middle of eye or beyond. Gill-rakers 
longer than gill-fringes, 17 or 18 on the lower part of anterior 
arch. Scales ctenoid on the ocular side, cycloid on the blind 
side, 64-72 in a longitudinal series, 11-13 in a transverse 
series from dorsal fin to curve of lateral line. Dorsal 68-73. 
Anal 53-57. Pectoral of the ocular side 2—?, of the blind 
side nearly 3 the length of head. Caudal with the middle 
rays the longest, } the length of the fish (the caudal not in- 
cluded). Caudal peduncle 4—} as long as deep. _ Brownish, 
with darker spots and markings, of which 5 ocelli arranged 
thus ::+ are most prominent; fins with small dark spots. 

Total length 125 mm. 

Five specimens, including two from the ‘ Challenger’ col- 
lection, referred by Dr. Giinther to P. pentophthalmus, an 
allied species especially distinguished by the smaller eye. 


24, Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus, sp. n. 


Depth of body 2? in the length, length of head 4. Snout 
a little shorter than eye, the diameter of which is 4 in the 
length of head. Eyes separated by a ridge. Maxillary ex- 
tending to below middle of eye. Gill-rakers short and stout, 
8 or 9 on the lower part of anterior arch. Scales ctenoid on 
the ocular side, cycloid on the blind side, 98 in a longitudinal 
series, 18 in a transverse series between dorsal fin and curve 
of lateral line. Dorsal 74. Anal56. Pectoral of the ocular 
side 3, of the blind side 2 the length of head. Caudal with 
the middle rays the longest, 2 the length of the fish (the 
caudal not included). Caudal peduncle } as long as deep. 


26 Mr. N. Annandale on some Oriental Geckos 


Olivaceous, with darker spots and markings, and with 5 con- 
spicuous ocelli or double ocelli, arranged as in the preceding 
species ; fins with small dark spots. 

A single specimen, 380 mm. in total length. 


25. Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus, sp. n. 


Depth of body 44 in the length, length of head 53. Snout 
a little more than 4 the length of head. Diameter of eye 8 
in the length of head and twice the interocular width. ‘Two 
nostrils on the left side, one between the anterior parts of the 
eyes, the other in front of the lower eye. Maxillary extend- 
ing to below the middle of eye; rostral hook extending a 
little beyond the mandibulary symphysis. Three lateral 
lines on the left side. 120 scales in a longitudinal series, 
18 between upper and middle lateral lines. Dorsal 128. 
Anal 104. Brownish, with numerous irregular purplish 
spots. 

A single specimen, 215 mm. in total length. 


26. Cynoglossus brunneus, sp. n. 


Depth of body 4 in the length, length of head 42. Snout 
22 in the length of head. Diameter of eye 73 in the length 
of head and 3 times the interocular width. ‘lwo nostrils on 
the left side, one between the anterior parts of the eyes, the 
other in front of the lowereye. Maxillary extending beyond 
posterior margin of eye; rostral hcok extending to below 
mandibulary symphysis. ‘Two lateral lines on the left side. 
74 scales in a longitudinal series, 9 between the two lateral 
lines. Dorsal 129. Anal 104. Uniformly brownish. 

A single specimen, 200 mm. in total length. 


II].—Notes on some Oriental Geckos in the Indian Museum, 
Calcutta, with Descriptions of new Forms. By Netson 
AnnanpbaLzE, B.A, Deputy Superintendent of the Indian 
Museum. 


Gymnodactylus Fedtschenkoi, Strauch. 


Gymnodactylus caspius, Stoliczka, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxii, 1853, 
. 410. 

Gymnodactylus Fedtschenkoi, Strauch, Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. xxxy. 
1887, p.46; Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. 1890, pp. 61, 62, and P. Z.S. 
1891, p. 630; Nikolsky, Herpet. Turan. in Fedtschenko, Reise in 
Turkestan, p. 13, pl. iv. figs. 1, 1 @ (Russian). 


in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 27 


There are five specimens from the Punjab Salt Range in 
the Indian Museum. They are in bad condition, but agree 
sufficiently well with Strauch’s description of G. Fedtschenkot. 
The space between the eyes is broader and the head is less 
depressed than in Nikolsky’s figures ; also the chin-shields 
are larger, the middle pair meeting to form a suture, not a 
mere point of contact, behind the mental. A male has 32 
pores, 


Gymnodactylus Fee, Blgr. 


Gymnodactylus Fee, Boulenger, Ann. Mus, Genova, (2) xxiii. 1893, 

pp- 306, 313, 314, pl. vii. figs. 1, la, 1B, lc. 

The only previous record of this species, so far as I am 
aware, is that of the type from the Karin Hills in Lower 
Burma. There are three female specimens from Sinkip Island, 
East Sumatra, in the Indian Museum, presented by the late 
Professor Wocd-Mason. Two of them agree with the type 
in size and coloration, the third is larger and has 8 white 
bands instead of 9 on the tail. The dorsal tubercles in this 
adult specimen have a more distinctive character than in the 
young, the keel being very clearly defined and running along 
a more or less flattened base. 

The dimensions of the large specimen are :— 


mm, 
sata Vet tttes. - o) A hele s = 204 Cite le tae re 138 
RSF G Aid) WOMIC SS nfo oho She el ojo) tai haere Oe 60 
MM OTEWMUTTD teeter are © eciere cle teshersicie.e steko 22 
Hind Mian Se Ae. cei de eee se 32 
Lerothrot head. s5— sarees tas): 21 
Breadth Se ree Pe ORE ae 11 


Gonatodes marmoratus (Bedd.). 


We have a specimen of this species from Tinnevelly, 
presented by Colonel Beddome. ‘To the same species I refer 
with a little doubt (but to the genus with certainty) two 
very young specimens from the Andamans. I am not aware 
that the genus has been recorded previously from these 
islands. ‘The specimens were in a bottle containing a large 


number of examples of Gymnodactylus rubidus of different 
sizes. 


Gonatodes affinis (Stol.). 


Gymnodactylus affinis, Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. vol. i. p. 42. 
Gonatodes penangensis, 8. Flower, P. Z. S. 1896, p. 863, pl. xliv. 
fies. 1, la, 1b, 1e. 


28 Mr. N. Annandale on some Oriental Geckos 


Gonatodes affinis, 8. Flower, P. Z. S. 1898, p. 455, and 1899, p. 627 ; 
Laidlaw, ibid. 1901, (i.) p. 804; Boulenger, Fascic. Malay., Zool. 
vol. i. p. 148; Annandale, ibid. pp. 148, 149 (note). 

This species has not been recorded from the Empire of 
India or Ceylon, but probably it occurs in Tenasserim. It 
is by no means rare in the hill-jungles of the northern part 
of the Malay Peninsula south of the isthmus of Kra; and 
the greater number of the geckos known from this district 
have already been recorded from Lower Burma also. 
Stoliczka’s type, from Penang, is in the Indian Museum ; it 
is in bad condition. 

Gonatodes affinis is the only gecko which is known to enter 
water. Laidlaw has taken it on rocks in a jungle-stream, 
and I have frequently observed it slip beneath the surface of 
water collected in hollows in a tree-trunk and remain sub- 
merged for some minutes. When in water the skin of the 
back has a silvery appearance, owing to the retention of a 
film of air by the enlarged tubercles. Formerly I regarded 
this as fortuitous; but an examination of the tubercles 
has made me doubt whether I was right. As Boulenger has 
noted, they are not merely keeled, but also grooved. Possibly 
this peculiarity in their structure may assist in the retention 
of the air-film. ‘The air so retained could not be used in 
respiration, but it might well protect the organism from a 
too rapid lowering of temperature, for water in a shady place 
in the Malayan jungle may be cold. 


Phyllodactylus siamensis, Blgr. 
Phyllodactylus siamensis, Boulenger, P. Z, S. 1898, p. 918, pl. iv. fig. 1 ; 
S. Flower, ibid. 1899, p. 627. 

A specimen of this interesting form has lately been pre- 
sented to the Indian Museum by H. W. Biggie, Esq. It is 
from Pitsanuloke in Northern Siam. An adult male, it has 
7 preeanal pores, arranged ina curved line and not interrupted 
mesially. Its size is considerably greater than that of the 
type. The following are its dimensions :— 


mm. 
Snoubttowent: A. tcacese eee 3 aoeels = 45 
lend. 5am a aoe cic eV Le Ce ee eee 15 
BAGGY nc oscias vie erecta gatass: base aly cies, Sekai 3 

Boretlimib aan os theres ak eee c oae ehrcis 15 
ind dimbby Gee.& pater cere ieee eae 19 
Isigernohiumrose Wictel Fann dda deooanoGotec Ake 


Phyllodactylus burmanicus, sp. 0. 
Allied to Phyllodactylus siamensis, Blgr. Head longer 


in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 29 


than broad, not depressed. Snout short, rounded, shorter 
than distance between orbit and ear-opening. Body slender ; 
limbs short. Granules on snout and on vertex approxi- 
mately equal; only a few enlarged scales on the latter. 
Dorsal keeled tubercles in 12 rows, smaller than in P. siam- 
ensis, farther apart. Ear-opening smaller than half the 
diameter of the eye, subcircular. Nostril between rostral, 
first labial, and three small scales; 6 upper and the same 
number of lower labials. There are 7 preanal pores, arranged 
as in the preceding species. Colour dark brown above, 
slightly marbled with paler ; labials marked with pale brown ; 
throat shaded with dark brown ; ventral surface pale brown. 


Pofal lenge this wets alnetele stars Suu 78 
LE IGT baie’ Ae nan NR ier eee 12 
NOU y rene oltre cae Nala eoegreiee cece ace 23 
Pave), lire. ca dars blero atl datoraberaercione 43 
Horeslimbys nacre ee ae eer anes iit 
Ja liits luteal] heen een a Ses aeons 5 aoc - 15 
Bread t hyo headaetadeicc .cisctene acer 7 


Hab. Tavoy. 

Both this and the preceding species differ from Boulenger’s 
definition of the genus in the ‘ Catalogue of Lizards’ in that 
the male is provided with przeanal pores. 

The species is founded on a single specimen obtained by 
one of the collectors of the Indian Museum. 


Hemidactylus subtriedroides, sp. 0. 


eee maculatus, D. & B., Anderson, Res. Yunnan Exped. 
p- 800. 

Closely allied to Hemidactylus triedrus (Daud.), but re- 
sembling H. subiriedrus, Jerdon, superficially. Lepidosis as 
in H. triedrus, except that the dorsal tubercles are smaller, 
less prominent and farther apart, and that the enlarged 
scales on the proximal part of the tail are longer and more 
spine-like. In the male there are 14 to 16 pores, widely 
separated mesially; 5 or 6 lamelle under inner, 8 under 
median digits. Distance from orbit to snout approximately 
equal to that from ear-opening to orbit. Head and body 
depressed ; tail depressed, flat above, tapering to a point, 
broad at the base, flatter and broader at the base than that 
of H. Brookii, Gray. The colour has completely faded (see 
Anderson, Joc. cit.). 


30 Mr. N. Annandale on some Oriental Geckos 


mm, 
abel Tetrthh ss, 5 stort bi peck erseies wae 132 
Body aise ais wince Sup Wink & a ieislie wakyeke puslare nue aw 41 
MPRA Ss Sees ie ces ccooke an sao erate eee eA 
Daal SRS tt os he oe caer ee eee 70 
ore limbic Se. kee oe eee 20 
tad Tira sido tes oes ereeraiene oie 7 eae 95 
ibregotncot, bead \..ccu 25 eee i eee is 


Hab. Tsagain, Upper Burma. 

The species is founded on two male specimens obtained by 
one of the Yunnan Expeditions under the late Dr. J. Ander- 
son, F.R.S. It agrees sufficiently well with Jerdon’s* 
description of H. subtriedrus, which is probably confined to 
certain districts of S. India; but this description is too vague 
to be definitive. From Boulenger’s + description of this 
species H. subtriedroides differs in the number of digital 
lamelle and in other important points. The bulk is greater 
than that of H. Brookii, Gray, the dorsal tubercles are 
larger, and the whole animal is more depressed. ‘The propor- 
tions also are different. Andcrson identified the specimens 
as H. maculatus, D. & B. 


Hemidactylus Garnotu, D. & B. 
Hemidactylus Garnotii, Boulenger, Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 94. 
Hemidactylus Mortoni, Theobald, Journ. Linn. Soc. x. p. 32; Boulen- 
ger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 95. 

In the ‘Fauna of India’ Boulenger points out that 
Theobald’s description of Hemidactylus Mortoni is insufficient 
to ensure its recognition. He _ states his belief that this 
species is either identical with or closely allied to either 
H. Bowringii, H. karenorum, or H. Garnotii. After com- 
paring two specimens labelled H. Mortoni (one of them 
presented by Theobald) in the Indian Museum with a con- 
siderable number belonging to the three species referred to, 
I can see no essential difference between these two specim~ns 
and typical ones of H. Garnoti, D. & B., a species which is 
easily recognized. 


Ptychozoon homalocephalum (Crey.). 


Ptychozoon homalocephalum, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 104, fig. 13; 
Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xxiii. 1893, p. 316; Fascic. Malay., Zool. 
vol. i. 1903, pp. 150, 173; IF. Miiller, Festschr. nat. Ges. Basel, 1892, 
p- 209, pl. iv.; Gadow, Amphib. Rept. 190], p. 512; Annandale, 
Fascic. Malay., Zool. vol. i. p. 150 (note). 


* Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxii. 1853, p. 467 ; see also Stoliczka, 
ibid. xli. (2) 1872, p. 92, pl. ii. figs. 1, 1@; and Theobald, Cat. Rept. 
Brit. Ind. 1876, p. 75. 

+ Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. vol. i. 1876, p. 75. 


——EeEeeEEEEeeEE—EEOEeEeEEEeEEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEEE—E———E 


or —— 


as 


in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 31 


Var. nov. lionotum. 

Miller, in pointing out that Ptychozoon Horsfieldii was 
really a good species, gave as one of the diagnostic characters 
of P. homalocephalum that there are enlarged tubercles 
among the scales of the back. Boulenger has recorded a 
specimen, obtained in Pegu by the late Signor Fea, which 
agrees with the latter species in the more important specific 
characters, but lacks these enlarged tubercles. Along with 
several typical specimens of P. homalocephalum from the An- 
damans and Nicobars we have in the Museum two from Pegu 
which agree with Fea’s specimen from the same district. The 
occurrence of three examples from Pegu agreeing thus in 
lepidosis seems to justify the creation of a new variety for their 
reception. P. homalocephalum var. lionotum may be defined 
as agreeing with the typical form of the species in all respects 
except in having no enlarged tubercles among the scales of 
the back. 


The name of the “flying”? gecko enshrines a belief that 
the loose fold of integument and muscular tissue along the 
sides in this species has a similar function to the “ alar” 
membrane of Draco, enabling the lizard to take long leaps 
through the air, and supporting it in that element. That 
Ptychozoon does take long leaps is very possible. So do 
Gehyra mutilata and Hemidactylus flaviviridis—forms in which 
there is nothing of the nature of an aéroplane. A comparison 
of the “ alar” membrane of Draco with the fold of soft tissue 
in Ptychozoon shows a very important differenace—the latter 
structure has no skeletal support. Moreover, unlike the 
membrane of the flying squirrels and phalangers and of 
Galeopithecus, it is not fastened to the limbs, but has three 
free edges. It is not even supported by scales below, and 
although there are muscles at its base—that is to say, on the 
side on which it is continuous with the body-wall—they do 
not extend to the tree edges. Even if they did, they could 
hardly keep it taut without direct or indirect support on 
more than one side from some rigid structure. I have never 
seen an adult living specimen of Ptychozoon; but a young 
one, in which the lateral fold was perfectly developed, was 
kept under observation by Mr. Herbert C. Robinson and 
myself for a fortnight. We never saw it stretch out the 
fold, which lay curved round the side so as to be practically 
invisible. I have not the slightest doubt that the use of the 
structure is not to support the lizard in the air, but to assist 
it in concealing itself by causing it to fit better into its 
surroundings and be less conspicuous than it would be if its 
body cast a distinct shadow immediately beneath it. The 


32 Mr. N. Annandale on some Oriental Geckos. 


dorsal surface has a very close resemblance to lichen-covered 
bark, and this resemblance is much increased by the lappet- 
like outgrowths on the tail and head. Hemidactylus platy- 
urus is certainly less conspicuous on a stone wall when its 
lateral fold (which is not so very much less developed than 
in Plychozoon, though this species does not “ fly ’’) is spread 
out.on each side of it, as it commonly is. The same is 
probably the case with Mimetozoon. It is possible also that 
the folds in these forms have an adhesive function, as out- 
erowths on the tail have in some geckos; but of this I have 
no proof. On the whole, the attribution of powers of 
“flight” to Plychozoon would seem to be parallel to Cantor’s 
statement that JLiolepis Bellii, a sand-loving, burrowing 
Agamid which very rarely climbs a tree, is in the habit 
of “leaping from bough to bough.” The foundation of 
this statement was a real anatomical resemblance in 
certain respects between Liolepis and Draco; but the loose 
rib-supported membrane in the former has a totally different 
function from that of the latter, being used (partly, at any 
rate) as a means of sexual display *. Similarity of structure, 
even when it is pretty close, does not always argue similarity 
of function. 
Nore. 


While on the subject of “ flying ” quadrupeds, I take the 
opportunity to restate in a clearer manner a remark recently 
made about the “ flying frog” (Rhacophorus nigropalmatus, 
Blgr.). In a note added to Mr. Boulenger’s “ Report on the 
Batrachians and Reptiles” in ¢ Fasciculi Malayensis,’ Zoology, 
vol. i. p. 188, I said :—“ Beyond the statement of the 
Chinaman who procured Wallace his specimen, there appears 
to be no evidence to prove that the ‘ flying frog’ does use its 
enormous feet to support it in the air, and, so far as we could 
see, it did not appear likely, from the condition of the web 
in the living animal, that their purpose was that assigned to 
them by the discoverer of the species.” By the condition of 
the web I meant its flabbiness. It did not seem possible 
that it could be rendered sufficiently rigid, and the frog made 
no attempt to tauten it. Here we have amembrane provided 
with skeletal supports, but probably only used as an organ 
of adhesion. Gadow has pointed out how greatly the area of 
the web was exaggerated in Wallace’s figure (Gadow, Amphib. 
Rept. p. 246, fig. 48; compare Boulenger, Fascic. Malay., 
Zool. vol. i. pl. vi. fig. 1). 

* Annandale, P. Z. 8. 1900, pp. 857, 858, and Fascic. Malay., Zool. 
yol. i. p. 156. 


vo 
o 


Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory. 


IV.—WNotes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 
No. XXVI. By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., &c. 


[Plate IV.] 


. On the Pacific, Atlantic, and Japanese “ Palolo.” 

On the British Goniadide, Glyceride, and Arictide. 

On the same Groups found in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expeditions of 1869 
and 1870. 

On the same Forms dredged by Dr. Whiteaves, of Canada, in 1872 
and 1873. 

. On the same Groups procured by Canon Norman in Norway and 

Finmark. 

. On some Japanese Glyceride. 

. On the Form described as Hemipodus (?) magellanicus in the ‘ Chal- 

lenger’ Annelida. 


NO OO PB coboe 


1. On the Pacific, Atlantic, and Japanese “ Palolo” *. 


In connexion with the mteresting observations on the 
“Palolo” of Samoa (Hunice viridis, Gray) by Mr. McM. 
Woodworth in the ‘American Naturalist’ for December, 
1903, a somewhat imperfect digest of which appeared in 
‘Nature’ of March 31st, 1904 f, it is well to remember that 
previous observers had filled in much of the gap. Thus, 
even in the case of the firstexamples as described by Dr. Gray f, 
the discoverer, Mr. Stair, stated that the worm came from 
the coral-reefs. Subsequent observers knew that they dwelt 
in fissures and crevices of the rocks at and near low water, 
and that the swarming of the headless portions was connected 
with reproduction. The first head was described and figured 
by Dr. J. D. Macdonald §, one of those able naval surgeons, 
like Huxley and Moss, who have—when on duty on board 
ship—largely contributed to our knowledge of marine animals. 
Eunicids are very abundant in cracks and fissures of rocks 
everywhere, and especially in coral-reefs; but it has yet to 
be proved that they bore in the latter. Moreover, epitokous 
annelids have been familiar to zoologists for a long time, 
and the step to link on the “ Palolo”? of Samoa therewith 
was brief, for it was evidently the posterior region distended 


* Communicated to the Cambridge Meeting of the British Association, 
Aug. 1904. 

+ Since this date a long discussion as to priority in finding that “Palolo” 
was Eunice viridis has taken place between Benedict Friedlander and 
Kramer (cf. Zool. Anzeiger, July 12, 1904). 

{ Ann. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 409 (1847). 

§ Trans, Linn. Soc. Lond. xxi. p. 237, pl. xli. (1858). It is possible this 
author found a head of Lysdice amongst the others. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 3 


a4 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


by the reproductive elements. The main point in Mr. Wood- 
worth’s observations was the demonstration of the atokous 
and epitokous regions of the body in situ, and as obtained 
by splitting the edges of the honeyecombed coral-rocks. 
The author attaches much importance to what he calls the 
thermotropic or heliotropic reaction of the pigment-specks 
borne on the best-developed central segments of the 
epitokous region—in connexion with swarming. Further 
observations are necessary on this head, since similar features 
are observed in other forms without such pigment-specks. 

In the Atlantic “ Palolo” (Eunice fucata, Ehlers) from 
the Dry Tortugas and Porto Rico, a careful account of which 
was given in 1892 by A. G. Mayer *, a very similar condition 
prevails, the posterior epitokous or sexual region being 
thrown off by the annelids which live in canals and crevices 
of the dead and disintegrating coral-rock or corroded “ co- 
quina,” sometimes along with the commensalistic Polynoé 
granulata, Khlers. These sexual posterior regions are broader 
than in the Pacific “ Palolo,”’ and present no pigment-spots, 
but swim freely away in the same manner—constituting the 
swarming, which occurs within three days of the moon’s last 
quarter, June 29th to July 28th. 

In Britain a condition closely approaching that seen in 
the foregoing “ Palolo”? occurs in various forms, e.g. in 
Nereis Dumerilii, Aud. & Ed., swarms of which are seen in 
various bays. Thus they were in vast numbers in Castlebay, 
Barra, in May, and were captured by Dr. Thomas Scott, of 
the staff of the Fishery Board for Scotland. “ Millions ” of 
Nereis longissima were also found by Mr. Hearder swimming 
at the surface in Plymouth Sound in 1865. Like other 
Nereids this is likewise a favourite bait. An allied condition, 
that is free-swimming sexual forms, occurs in the Syllideans, 
the Cirratulids (Dodecaceria), and many other annelids. 

Amongst others Verrill + mentions Nectonereis megalops 
as a form which “ swims actively at the surface both im the 
evening and in the brightest sunshine in the middle of 
the day, from July 3rd to August 11th. In this species 
the palpi appear to be much diminished in the Heteronereis 
condition (unless it has some connexion with Ceratonereis). 
The males and females of Nereis irritabilis, Webster, when 
mature, also take to swimming on the surface in the beginning 
of August. ‘The immature examples live near low-water 
mark in sand and mud on the Virginian coast. 


* Brooklyn Inst. of Arts & Sc., Sc. Bullet. vol. i. no. 3, pp. 93-103, 
] plate, Dec. 1902. 


7 “Invert. An, Vin. Sound,” U.S. Comm. F. & F. 1873, p. 592. 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 35 


But one of the most interesting Nereids in this connexion 
is the Japanese “ Palolo ” (Ceratocephale osawai), as recently 
described and figured in a notewortby paper by Mr. Akira 
Izuka*, Assistant Professor of Zoology in the Imperial Uni- 
versity, Tokyo. The species is much used by the Japanese 
fishermen as bait, and occurs abundantly in the littoral region, 
as well as extends into estuaries, tributaries, canals, and 
ditches—burrowing in mud to the depth of a foot or more, 
like Nereis diversicolor of our own shores. The species thus 
approaches the fresh- and brackish-water Nereids from the 
Pacific coast and Hawaii, as recently described by Mr. H. 
Parlin Johnson f, and extends the list of such forms, which 
includes Sabellids and others. 

The Japanese “ Palolo,” which has a dark brownish colour, 
leaves its burrows in the mud with the flood-tide and creeps 
about in search of food. It reaches the length of 200- 
250mm _ and is 4 mm. in breadth, and may have as many as 
300 segments. In this condition it resembles the ordinary 
type. Early in September, however, the change to the epi- 
tokous form takes place, and the sexes differ in colour, the 
male being more dusky (brownish) than the female, which is 
for the most pirt bright red. The body in both sexes con- 
siderably increases in breadth. Then the posterior region, 
comprising about two thirds of the total number of segments, 
begins to be differeutiated—being narrower than the anterior 
region and of a different colour, dull brownish with a pale 
streak in the middle. Specimens in this condition are found 
by digging in the mud about a week before swarming—just 
as Mr. Woodworth procured his in the coral-blocks. The 
narrowed posterior region, however, is not utilized for the 
spreading of the eggs or spermatozoa, but degenerates and is 
cast off, apparently in many cases even before swarming, 
though a few are found swimming with the shrivelled poste- 
rior end attached. Shortly after the change just alluded to, 
the annelids leave their burrows and become pelagic—swarm- 
ing near the surface of the water to a depth of several feet, 
and discharging ova and sperms from the aperture at the eud 
of the anterior region (where the separation of the shrivelled 
posterior region took place). They are captured at night in 
great numbers by boats provided with a light, which attracts 
the annelids, and various nets, and they are much esteemed 
as bait. The swarming annelids appear to be carried by the 
tide seawards, though many perish previously by rupture of 
the body-wall or otherwise. 

* Journ. Coll. Sc. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Japan, vol. xvii. ii. p. 1, pl. i. 

+ Mark Anniversary Volume, art, x. p. 205, pls. xvi. & a (1903). 


36 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


The swarming takes place during the months of October 
and November, “usually at four different periods, each lasting 
a few days ; the periods falling on nights close to the appear- 
ance of the new and the full moon and just after flood-tide. 

The Japanese “ Palolo” therefore differs from both the 
Pacific and the Atlantic forms not only in regard to the 
family, but in the nature of the reproductive process, since 
in both of the latter a specially modified posterior region— 
bearing the sexual elements—is separated and swims freely, 
whereas in the J apanese species the specially modified pos- 
terior region degenerates and is shed—the enlarged anterior 
region swimming actively, discharging its sexual products 
and then perishing. 

Mr. Akira Izuka’s paper is illustrated by woodcuts and a 
coloured plate, the finish of which is in keeping with the 
excellent illustrations in the ‘ Economic Fishes of Japan,’ by 
Otaki, Fujita, and Higurashi. 

It is probable that the number of forms exhibiting similar 
features to the “ Palolo” will he increased as observations 
extend. 

All the foregoing belong to the temporarily pelagic group, 
which may be divided into two sections: (1) those which, as 
larvee of reptant or fixed forms, rise to the surface and by- 
and-by return to the bottom ; and (2) those which may come 
from the shore or the bottom (e.g. epigamous forms) and do 
not return thereto. Under the latter ‘ Palolo” and the 
allied forms fall. 


2. On the British Goniadide, Glyceridee, and Ariciide. 


The British Goniadide in Dr. Johnston’s ‘ Catalogue’ of 
the British Museum included but a single species, though a 
second was known shortly after its publication. The view 
of Ehlers that Goniada and Glycinde (Eone) should form one 
genus has certain recommendations, but it should be remem- 
bered that the structure of the dorsal division of the foot, 
both in soft parts and in bristles, shows a decided divergence, 
and the same may be said of the teeth. Moreover, Ehlers 
does not mention that between the body-wall of each of the 
common forms (Goniada maculata and Glycinde Nordmanni) 
there is this difference, viz., that in the latter the dorsal longi- 
tudinal muscles have a well-marked fold inferiorly, whilst in 
the former such is absent. Ehlers, in 1868, grouped them 
under his Glycera polygnatha and separated them by the 
condition of the teeth. 

In considering the species of Glyceridze mentioned in the 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 37 


Catalogue of the British Museum, it would seem that 
Dr. Johnston’s example of Glycera mitis resembled (in 1872) 
G. dubia in the collection, that is Glycera siphonostama, Delle 
Chiaje (G. tessellata, Grube), and had apparently lost its 
teeth. Two species are thus accounted for. An example of 
the same species (also labelled G. Rouxii) from South Devon 
bears out the foregoing diagnosis ; yet another specimen 
labelled G. Rouvit seems to be Glycera lapidum. Glycera 
nigripes appears to be a variety of Glycera siphonostoma 
procured in Scotland by Lieut. Thomas, R.N. Few examples 
of Glycera lapidum occur in Dr. Johnston’s series, and one 
or two are in bottles with other species, such as Glycera 
alba. One example, however, labelled by Dr. Johnston 
“ Glycera capitata,’ comes from Holy Island. Another is 
“ Nereis sorexz,’ of Moutagu, from South Devon (Mus. 
Leach). he additions made to the Catalogue by Dr. Baird 
consist of the epitokous form of Glycera capitata (“ Glycera 
setosa”) and Glycera alba, O. F. M. It is, however, clear 
that the former is the epitokous condition of Glycera lapidum, 
a form closely approachmg Glycera capitata and for a long 
time confounded with it. 

The first form, Goniada maculata, rst., is abundant in 
the stomachs of haddock in St. Andrews Bay, and ranges 
from Shetland to the south in fairly deep water. It 
occurs also in sand at low water. The elongated and tapered 
snout of eight segments, its pinkish or scarlet colour, greenish 
eggs, and active habits are conspicuous. The broad region 
of the proboscis in extrusion is densely papillose and armed 
on each side by a row of about ten dark brown V-shaped 
denticles. Distally are the circle of papille and the denticles 
of the region. The first foot has two somewhat elongated 
lower lobes (the inferior being the cirrus), with bristles between 
and above, and superiorly a flattened process representing 
the upper division. The tenth foot is characteristically trifid, 
the setigerous region having a single spine and a tuft of 
bristles superiorly and inferiorly. At the 50th foot the dorsal 
lobe (cirrus) is elongated and tapered, with the dorsal bristles 
aud their spine. The inferior division has a rounded seti- 
gerous region with its spine and two long papille projecting 
externally. A ventral cirrus occurs inferiorly. The foot 
remains of similar structure till near the tip of the tail (with 
its two cirri), the lobes and the bristles increasing in length. 
The bristles of the ventral lobe considerably exceed the others, 
their very long terminal pieces projecting far outward. 

In glancing at examples of Goniada from various parts of 
the world two types of foot are apparent. The first conforms 


38 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


to the description already given, and which is observed in 
those from the Outer Haaf and Skerries, Shetland, St. 
Andrews, Norway, and Canada, The foot is therefore, both 
auteriorly and posteriorly, the least complex. A tendency, 
however, to the enlargement of the lobe beneath the dorsal 
cirrus occurs in females with large ova from Canada. 

The second type is represented by examples from Cape 
Finisterre and Cape Sagres, in which the anterior feet have 
five processes, viz. a dorsal and a ventral cirrus (the former 
being near the base of the foot), a long and large posterior 
lobe, and two smaller anterior. The dorsal lobe is long aud 
narrow and has a slight constriction at its base. In this 
type the posterior feet have broadly lanceolate dorsal lamelle, 
and three long digit-like papille inferiorly, above the elongate 
ventral cirrus. 

From the foregoing Glycinde is readily distinguished by its 
tapering snout of ten segments, its eyes, the two divisions of 
the body, the structure of the proboscis, and the structure of 
the feet. The sole British representative, so far as known, 
is Glycinde Nordmanni, Malingrenu, which Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys 
first procured in various Zetlandic waters. It ranges to 
several parts of Ireland, to the Atlantic, and elsewhere— 
generally in somewhat deep water. The proboscis is distin- 
guished from that of the foregoing form by the absence of 
the lateral V-shaped denticles. The arrangement of the 
denticles at the termination of the first region of the proboscis 
seems to differ from Malmgren’s figure, which shows a de- 
creasing series of four teeth m lateral view, whereas in some 
this is not evident. The smaller denticles appear to be from 
22 to 24 in number. The first feet are simple and short, 
bifid and afterwards trifid as they increase in length. 

The 10th foot has three lanceolate lobes. The same number 
characterizes the 30th foot, but they are more massive and 
considerably flattened. Between the 50th and 50th feet the 
appendages attain greater complexity, the latter having a 
dorsal division of two lobes (or a cirrus and a lobe), a spine, 
and a few bristles, though the latter are often included in 
the tissues. This is evidently due to the growth of a dorsal 
lobe on the upper process of the trifid foot. The lower division 
consists of an upper long, bluntly conical, setigerous region, 
with fan-like groups of bristles which are arranged in three 
divisions, and a ventral cirrus beneath. 

A great increase in the lamella of the inferior setigerous 
lobe occurs at the 70th foot, so that in outline the parts are 
broadly lanceolate; the bristles are also longer and more 
slender. Further changes appear in the 100th foot, for the 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 39 


lower lobe now far excecds the superior in bulk, the broadly 
lanceolate outline being due to the approximation of the two 
flaps. The ventral cirrus is proportionally smaller. In the 
superior division again the setigerous lobe forms a short and 
broad cone with the lanceolate cirrus superiorly. With 
slight modifications this structure continues to the posterior 
end. 

Advanced ova occur in specimens from Ireland and Shet- 
land in July. 


Grube and Ehlers have each given classifications of the 
Glyceridze, the former basing his main groups on the presence 
or absence of branchiz, the latter using the armature of 
the proboscis and the nature of the feet to form his chief 
divisions. Ehlers’s first group, the “ Glycera tetragnatha,” 
however, includes both of Grube’s ; the second, the “ Glycera 
polygnatha,” comprising Goniada and Glycinde, being treated 
separately by Grube. Arwidsson * retains, after Malmgren, 
the Glyceride and Goniadide as separate families, and his 
paper, illustrated by outlne-figures, forms an important 
contribution to the subject. 

The teeth in the Glyceridee are arranged in pairs, their 
disposition, however, being such that they divide the circum- 
ference of the extruded proboscis into four nearly equal 
parts; the larger space, however, often occurring between 
the two pairs, not between the individuals composing a pair. 
The pairs of teeth are recognized by the direction of the 
spurs, which are symmetrically arranged on each side—spur 
pointing to spur—whether it is simple as in Glycerella or 
bifid as in the common Glycera lapidum. 'The single process, 
however, appears always to be longer than the bifid, and in 
either case the spur forms a large angle with the tooth which 
is obliquely inclined to the process. 

The first and most abundant British form is Glycera 
lapidum, De Quatrefages, which stretches along both coasts 
from north to south, is a common European form, and 
ranges to the South Atlantic. In its epitokous form (like 
“ Glycera setosa”’) it is found swimming at the surface of 
the sea from Shetland to the Channel Islands, though it is 
not common in this condition. This species has the body- 
segment three-ringed, the papillze of the proboscis are filiform 
and crenate, and the foot has a single spinein front. At the 
35th foot, however, the dorsal lobe, instead of being folded 


* “Studien iiber d. Fam. Glyceride &c.,”’ Bergens Museum Aarbog, 
1898. 


40 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


backwards, projects straight outward, and dorsal bristles are 
present, though the second spine only appears about the 
45th foot. The typical foot presents three pointed lobes and 
a small dorsal cirrus above it, the third or inferior being the 
conical ventral cirrus, the hind lip being broad and rounded. 
The ventral bristles are in two fan-like groups, the extreme 
dorsal and ventral bristles being stronger than the central in 
the posterior region of the body. This important feature 
seems to have escaped the patient and persevering labours of 
Arwidsson, though it is also slightly mdicated in G. capi- 
tata, (rst. In the epitokous condition the body is longer, 
the feet longer and more prominent, and the spies and 
bristles longer and more attenuate. Moreover, simple 
bristles occur amongst the compound in the ventral series. 
In contrasting this form with the northern Glycera capitata 
in its epitokous condition the greater length and slenderness 
of the bristles is apparent, as well as the less pronounced 
increase in the thickness of the upper and lower groups of 
the strong compound bristles. 

It was Glycera lapidum which was dredged in the ‘ Chal- 
lenger ’* off Fayal in the Azores, not G. capitata, and it was 
the latter species (as the original labelling of the slides as 
well as the remarks of Ehlers now indicate) which was pro- 
cured at Kerguelen, but such differed from the ordinary type 
in the great length of the tips of the compound bristles and 
in the stoutness of the shafts of the upper and lower series 
of the same bristles, a feature approaching the condition in 
G. lapidum. The differences in transverse section between 
the ordinary form (G. lapidum) and the Kerguelen type, 
especially in regard to the nerve-cords, were described in the 
‘ Challenger’ volume. 

De Quatrefages first applied the term Glycera lapidum to 
the species described by Dr. G. Johnston as Glycera alba, 
O. F. M.+, and with it he associated Keferstein’s Glycera 
capitata, (irst. In his description of the species, however, 
there is little that is definite, for he does not meution whether 
the segments are two- or three-ringed, though he states that 
the body is attenuate at both extremities, is devoid of 
branchiz, that the head has 8-9 rings and is very elongate, 
the feet are short, biramose, have 2 or 3 groups of bristles, 
and that the superior cirrus is very small, whilst the ventral 
is large and conical. A perusal of Dr. Johnston’s description 
and an examination of specimens in the British Museum show 


* Annelids of the ‘ Challenger,’ p. 344. 
+ Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. ser. 1, vol. xv. p. 147, pl. ix. figs. 1-10, 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 41 


that he refers to the common British species (G. lapidum) 
hitherto termed Glycera capitata, a species in which the seg- 
ments are three-ringed. The G. capitata of Keferstein is 
described by the author as two-ringed, so that Cthlers and 
Arwidsson must have satisfied themselves that this is a mis- 
apprehension before grouping it with the British form, which 
is three-ringed. 

It is seldom that two forms so closely approach each 
other as Glycera capitata, Cirst., and Glycera lapidum, 
De Quatrefages, for the differences in the comparative length 
of the foot in spirit-preparations are not noteworthy, and 
the other characters require minute investigation. G. capi- 
tata, however, is a purely northern form, characteristic of 
the waters of Greenland, and not passing farther south than 
the North Atlantic according to Arwidsson, whilst G. lapi- 
dum ranges far southwards. The latter is distinguished 
from G. capitata by having an eleven-ringed cephalic region, 
pointed foot-lobes, first three feet small and devoid of a 
dorsal cirrus, ventral cirrus pointed, and dorsal cirrus larger. 
The papillz of the proboscis are long and subulate, situated 
on eighteen longitudinal muscular areas, between which are 
short ovoid papille. The spur of the teeth forms a wide V, 
whereas in Glycera capitata, CErst., there is but one limb 
and a truncated surface (Arwidsson, chiefly). How far 
future observations may indicate a closer relationship between 
the two forms is an open question. The differences in struc- 
ture and distribution are, meanwhile, noteworthy. 

Another abundant species is Glycera siphonostoma, Delle 
Chiaje (G. tessellata, Grube), which has an extensive range 
from the north of Scotland to the Cape. In this large form 
the segments are two-ringed and the massive proboscis has 
lanceolate papille each streaked lke a leaf. The foot is 
comparatively short, with an ovoid dorsal cirrus on the body 
at the base, two long, anterior, broadly lanceolate lobes, 
about equal in length, and two short, blunt, posterior lobes 
besides the ventral cirrus, which is of considerable length, 
though it does not extend so far outward as the anterior 
lobes. ‘The spur of the teeth in the proboscis resembles that 
of Glycera capitata, Girst., in having a single process and a 
flat edge at its base. The body is upwards of a foot in length 
and nearly half an inch in diameter, 


Glycera Ehlersi, Arwidsson ? 


A species from 80 fathoms in St. Magnus Bay, 1867; 9 
miles off Balta, in 80 fathoms, in 1868; and in 53 fathoms 
on 8rd and 4th August, 1880, in the ‘ Knight Errant.’ 


42 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


This differs from any other British form in the structure 
of the foot and in the greatly elongated snout. 

The cephalic cone is much elongated and shows about 
twenty-two rings with the tentacles at the tip. The papille 
of the proboscis are elongate and conical, whilst here and 
there are a few with broader tips, so as to be somewhat 
lanceolate. The teeth present only a single spur of con- 
siderable length with a shoulder or flange at the base. 

The segments of the body, where most distinct, appear to 
be three-ringed. 

The typical foot has a comparatively large rounded dorsal 
cirrus with a broad base, two elongated conical lobes ante- 
riorly, and a single median lobe of considerable size—with 
a rounded edge posteriorly. The ventral cirrus is conical 
and extends beyond the tip of the latter. 

This characteristic form has been in the meantime asso- 
ciated with a species described hy Ehlers as Glycera lapidum*, 
but which differs from that which has a better title to the name, 
and therefore Arwidsson has termed it Glycera Ehlersi F. 
It is true it differs from the species described by Ehlers in 
having apparently three rings to each segment, but in small 
specimens it is often difficult to apply this character. The 
structure of the foot of the two forms is the same, though 
Ehlers has given no figure. Both have a single spur to the 
teeth—with a flange at its base—and the papille of the 
proboscis are similar. Ehlers considered that the Glycera 
capitata of Keferstein { was his form, but I agree with 
Arwidsson in referring Keferstein’s form to Glycera lapidum. 


Amongst those with branchiz is the almost cosmopolitan 
Glycera alba, H. Rathke, which ranges from Britain to 
Japan and is equally at home in the west of Shetland as on 
the shores of Devon and Cornwall. The body is of consider- 
able length (6-8 inches) and the segments are two-ringed. 
The proboscis is short and clavate and the papille small and 
clavate. ‘The teeth have a long external and a shorter 
internal spur, both arising from a broad base. The foot is 
somewhat short anteriorly, longer posteriorly. Branchiz 
are present on all the feet except the first and the last (about 
twelve at each end) and arise from the dorsal edge of the 
foot towards the tip. The dorsal cirrus is short, with a con- 
striction at the base. The foot soon shows two spines, two 


* Borstenw. ii. p. 652. 
+ Op. cit. p. 19. 
{ Zeit. f. w. Zool. Bd, xii. p. 105, Taf. ix. figs. 17-27 (1862). 


- EE ————— es ml 


ee! 


Gatty Marine LalioFatory, St. Andrews. 43 


flattened lanceolate lobes anteriorly, and behind a shorter 
conical lobe, whilst a blunt lobe occurs inferiorly. The 
ventral cirrus is bluntly lanceolate and reaches only to the tip 
of the truncate lobe just mentioned. The branchia becomes 
very distinct at the 20th foot, and it diminishes towards the 
ae of the tail to a small process at the base of the dorsal 
obe. 

Though it is doubtful whether an accurate diagnosis can 
be made concerning the Glycera unicornis of Savigny *, yet 
the descriptions of subsequent authors, more especially those 
of Malmgren (his G. Goési+) and Ehlers ¢ (who, however, 
gives it bifid branchiz in certain instances), would appear to 
separate this form. Such branchie have not been seen in 
Britain, and it may yet be necessary to distinguish it from 
the Glycera Goési, Malmgren. In Britain it has hitherto 
been chiefly found in deep water in Shetland, in the Minch, 
and off the south-west of Ireland. The head is typical, the 
body about 5 or 6 inches in length, and the segments two- 
ringed. The proboscis has conical papille interspersed with 
globular ones. The inner spur of each tooth takes the form 
of that of G. capitata, viz. a ridge which comes near the 
surface in position and a long bar below. In all the fang 
has a denticle about the point of origin of the inner spur, 
and the base of the tooth is set obliquely in the proboscis, so 
that the distance between the extreme points is considerable. 
The branchie commence on the 32nd foot and continue 
nearly to the posterior end (examples incomplete). The 
typical foot has considerable depth, with the comparatively 
large dorsal cirrus at the base. The branchia is on the 
anterior surface of the foot and is directed forward and 
slightly upward. ‘Two long lobes occur at the tip of the foot 
anteriorly and two shorter flattened conical lobes posteriorly, 
besides a short ventral cirrus with an oblique and rather 
blunt tip. The Glycera decipiens of Marenzeller §, from the 
Bay of Miya in Japan, appears to resemble this species very 
closely both in regard to the position of the branchiz and 
the structure of the foot ; Arwidsson is of the same opinion. 

No representative of the family Ariciide is entered in 
Dr. Johnston’s ‘ Catalogue of the Annelids in the British 
Museum,’ though under this head he gives several examples 
of the Spionide. The work, however, was only published 
after his death, and omissions probably occurred, for in an 


* Syst. des Ann. p. 37. 

+ Ann. Polych. p. 71, tab. xv. fig. 81. 

} Borstenw. ii. p. 666, Taf. xxiv. fig. 35. 
§ Stidjap. Annel. p. 140, Taf. vi. fig, 3. 


44 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


illustrated MS. of his which came into my hands in 1872— 
after the death of Dr. Baird—a figure of “ Aricia Miilleri” 
from H. Rathke’s ¢ Beitraige zur Fauna Norwegens’ (1843) is 
given, as if he had been studying the species. 

Several examples of the family have long been known in 
Britain, the first (Aricia Cuvieri, Aud. & Ed.) being perhaps 
the most common. Its head is a pointed cone without trace 
of rings or eyes. A transverse line separates it from the 
peristomial segment ventrally, whilst dorsally a crescent is 
cut from the latter at the base. The body is from 8 to 10 
inches in length, with narrow segments. The peristomial 
segment is narrow dorsally, but broad ventrally, and the 
proboscis forms a frilled rosette in extrusion. Posteriorly 
the body tapers to a blunt point, with the anus at the tip 
dorsally and with two very long and slender cirri. The first 
region of the body comprises 21 feet, but these vary con- 
siderably amongst themselves, commencing with rudimentary 
feet anteriorly and ending in modified feet towards the 2I1st. 
From the 6th foot backward the posterior of the three rows 
of ventral bristles is darker and is composed of spines in- 
creasing in strength, so that they form a conspicuous series 
of brown dots. The foot becomes more free and the poste- 
rior row of papillae more conspicuous, extending ventrally 
beyond the bristles of the 17th foot. From the 19th to the 
24th foot these papillze go to the mid-ventral line. The rows 
of ventral bristles attain their maximum about the 15th or 
16th foot. The dorsal cirrus increases in size in its progress 
backward and has an enlargement at the base. The branchiz 
commence at the 5th foot and are of a rich red colour in life. 
In the succeeding region of the body (at and after the 22nd 
foot) the dorsal division has in front a long tuft of serrated 
or articulo-serrate bristles and behind is a large dorsal 
cirrus with blood-vessels. Below, after an interval, is a 
smaller cirrus, also with a blood-vessel. The ventral division 
consists of a setigerous process with a long papilla (ventral 
cirrus?) and a few very slender bristles of the same type as 
the dorsal. The peculiarly serrated bristles disappear poste- 
riorly, long simple tapering bristles taking ther places in 
both divisions of the foot. The majority of the specimens 
consist only of the anterior region, the posterior having been 
left in the sand or other ground frequented by them as the 
edge of the dredge severed them. 

Aricia norvegica, Sars, again, was found in Shetland by 
Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, and extends to Norway and Greenland 
(Sars and Norman). The head in this species is typical 
and the anterior region has fifteen bristled segments. The 


a —<—— 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 45 


branchiz commence on the fifth. The dorsal cirrus is flat- 
tened, with a filiform process at its outer edge. The anterior 
rows of ventral bristles are pale, the last three or four with 
dark brown hastatespines. The rowsof papillz behind the foot 
are more acutely pointed than in the previous species and are 
from 8 to12 innumber. At the 23rd foot the dorsal division 
has 4 or 5 spines and a long tuft of slender bristles with 
finely tapered serrated tips. The cirrus is narrow and has a 
tapered extremity. A single spine occurs in the ventral 
division and a small group of slender bristles, the tips of 
which are serrated. The blunt setigerous region has a conical 
lobe to its outer side, whilst at the base externally is a conical 
ventral cirrus nearly equal in size. 

Another of the series is the widely distributed Scoloplos 
Miilleri, De St. Joseph, which ranges from the tidal region 
to 50 or more fathoms, according to the locality. It ex- 
tends to Northern Europe and the Siberian coast. The 
acutely pointed head rests on the truncated cone of the 
peristomial segment. The body is flattened and widened 
anteriorly, then rounded ventrally and flattened dorsally in 
its progress to the tail, which has four papillz at the vent 
and a pair of long slender cirri. The anterior region has 
eighteen segments, bearing shorter, stouter, serrated bristles. 
The shorter curved bristles with blunt tips serrated on the 
convex side are modifications of the longer series, apparently 
due to special influences of habitat, and varying much among 
themselves. They can scarcely be regarded as a separate 
and distinctive series. The 15th foot has a conical dorsal 
cirrus or lobe, with a tuft of rather long bristles in front of 
it, the shafts of which are smooth. The tapering tips are 
peculiarly spiked, and end in smooth hair-like points. The 
ventral division has two short conical papilla, one of which 
is below the bristle-tuft and probably represents the ventral 
cirrus; the other is below the dense, deep row of bristles 
which are shorter than the dorsal, but of the same type. 
The branchize commence as small papillee on the 17th bristled 
foot, attain considerable size at the 20th foot, and almost 
reach the tip of the tail. Below the foot from the 18th to 
the 30th bristled segment (fewer in some) a papilla occurs 
on the side of the body. 

To Baron de St. Joseph*, who has done such excellent 
work amongst the annelids of the French shores, belongs 
the credit of pointing out the differences between the northern 
species—the typical Scoloplos armiger of O. F. Miiller 


* Ann. Sci. Nat. 8 sér. v. p. 356, pl. xx. fig. 167 (1898). 


46 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from te 


and the southern, which he terms Aricia Milueri, H. Rathke. 
He founds this distinction mainly on the tapering or subulate 
condition of all the bristles (dorsal and ventral) m the 
anterior region of Scoloplos armiger, O. F. M., whereas in 
what he calls Aricia Miilleri such are accompanied by shorter 
blunt forms, and, moreover, in the first six segments of the 
posterior region of the body the ventral division has two 
protuberances below it, with a minute elevation near them, 
and a conical papilla on the body below. It is not explained, 
however, that a similar papilla occurs in the typical Sco/o- 
plos armiger {rom Greenland and the northern waters. The 
two forms very closely resemble each other, the main fea- 
tures which differentiate them being the somewhat longer 
rows of ventral bristles in the southern, and the better 
developed fleshy ridge behind them with its flattened conical 
elevation in the ventral division, and the two papillz just 
below it; whilst the ventral row of bristles has a variable 
number of short and somewhat truncate forms, which must 
not, however, be regarded as specific. They are simply 
modified forms of the ordinary tapering serrate kind belong- 
ing to the division, and probably are due to the circumstances 
of habitat, and are perhaps more abundantly present in 
those from the Channel Islands than in the more northern 
examples. Jn this form a papilla appears in the middle of 
the fillet behind the ventral bristles of the anterior region 
about the 5th foot, and is very conspicuous from the 10th 
to the 13th. At the 17th foot two papille occur, by the 
addition of one below the median, whilst at the 18th there 
are three, the bristles being somewhat above (dorsal to) the 
upper. At the 19th foot the lateral ridge ends dorsally in 
three conical processes, with a thick papilla beneath. In 
very fine examples from Lochmaddy the papilla below the 
foot commenced on the 15th and continued to the 22nd 
foot. 

The minute differences alluded to in the foregomg para- 
graphs show the slender grounds on which specific differen- 
tiation may be founded. The divergent surroundings may 
be accountable for some of these, and certamly many 
examples of Scoloplos Miilleri show the effects of abrasion in 
the anterior bristles of the ventral rows in the first region of 
the body. 

In the typical Scoloplos armiger, O. F. M., from Green- 
land, the first fifteen anterior feet have somewhat shorter 
(i.e. from above downwards) ventral rows of bristles. The 
dorsal cirrus is a well-marked conical process which gra- 
dually increases in length posteriorly. The fillet behind the 


Gatity Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 47 


ventral row of bristles forms a convex flap—highest in the 
middle—and without any evident differentiation till the 15th 
foot, when a papilla projects from its median convexity 
(one or two of the preceding feet showing aslight thickening 
at the same part). The row of ventral bristles is shorter. 
Though the bristles are longer, the row is still shorter at the 
16th foot, and a papilla occurs on each side behind it. The 
17th foot has three papille, whilst the 18th has the enlarged 
lateral fillet with an isolated papilla below it, and this for 
three or more segments. 

A form like Scolop/os*, dredged at Station 6, 1100 
fathoms, in the ‘ Valorous’ Expedition of 1875, differs from 
S. armiger and 8. Miilleri so distinctly that its features may 
be mentioned. The snout forms a short cone in front of 
the large peristomial segment which has the triradiate mouth 
inferiorly. The snout in Scoloplos armiger is considerably 
longer and the peristomial segment smaller. The body is 
rounded anteriorly, and indeed—so far as the fragmentary 
specimen goes—throughout, and is thus in contrast with 
the flattened anterior region of S. armiger and S. Miilleri. 
The dorsal surface of each segment is marked by a narrow 
ridge round the borders with a depressed area in the middle. 
Veutrally each segment of the first fifteen has a slight eleva- 
tion in the middle. The great length and curvature of the 
dorsal bristles anteriorly is noteworthy. The foot in the 
anterior region is characterized by the tapering condition of 
all the bristles, both dorsal and ventral, and in the abseuce 
of the marked differentiation between them. Almost from 
the 1st foot a minute dorsal and ventral papilla are present, 
and they increase in the subsequent feet. These processes 
in the anterior region form a prominent pair of cirri, which 
are nearer each other than in the ordinary form. It is 
difficult to say where the change im the anterior feet occurs, 
but apparently the first nine are thus differentiated, though 
it is at the 12th foot that another flattened and broader 
process appears above the subulate ventral process or cirrus. 
The yellowish dorsal bristles have smooth shafts with long, 
curved, and minutely serrated tips, which vary in appear- 
ance according to position, giving a camerated aspect in 
whole or in part, from the peculiar arrangement of the 
spinous rows. ‘The dorsal cirrus is in the typical foot a long 
flat cone. The ventral cirrus is a short conical papilla. 
The ventral bristles are shorter, with tapering and _ finely 
serrated tips which project only a short distance beyond the 


* Should this prove to be new, the specific name Jeffreysii would be 
appropriate. 


48 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


cirrus. Amongst these are slender, elongate forms which 
taper to a fine point and do not appear to be serrated. It 
would seem that the habits of this deep-water form differ 
from those of S. armiger, in which the anterior ventral 
bristles are much worn. 

The processes of the foot become more distinct and 
gradually pass upward (dorsally), and they are joined by the 
branchia on the 20th foot. About the 30th foot the segments 
increase in antero-posterior diameter, and show a deep furrow 
laterally and dorsally at the segment-junction, whilst a 
prominent flap or ridge on the dorsum slopes backward with 
the various processes, which consist from within outwards 
of a somewhat short branchia, then of a lanceolate dorsal 
cirrus with a constriction at the base and the small tuft of 
iong slender bristles, and, lastly, of a larger and a smaller 
process, the latter probably representing the cirrus—besides 
a few slender bristles. 

The foot thus differs from the ordinary type (S. armiger) 
in the less elongate dorsal and ventral cirri. 

Canadian examples are characterized by the small size 
and filiform condition of the dorsal cirrus, and also by 
the somewhat reduced size of the ventral processes. In 
Scoloplos armiger procured by the ‘Valorous’ in the same 
expedition the processes are also more elongate. 

A species of Theodisea, viz. T. mammillata, Claparede, 
has been described by Cunningham and Ramage* from 
Granton Quarry in the Forth. The details given of this 
species do not render its exact structure quite clear, and it 
certainly differs from the Mediterranean fragment procured 
by tne ‘ Porcupine.’ 

" Naidonereis quadricuspida, Fabr., was procured in con- 
siderable abundance between tide-marks at Lochmaddy, 
North Uist, in 1865. The head forms a round button- 
shaped process, the peristomial segment being notched at 
each side. The body is about 3 inches in length, slightly 
tapered in front, and considerably diminishing towards 
the tail, which ends in two rounded dorsal papille and two 
short ventral cirri. The anterior region has thirteen bristled 
segments. ‘The branchize commence on the 6th foot, are of 
comparatively large size, and continue to the 8th or 10th 
segment from the tip of the tail. At the 10th foot the 
branchia is flattened and acutely lanceolate, and it is sepa- 
rated by a space from the dorsal division of the foot, which 
bears a fan-like tuft of tapering bristles with smooth shafts 


* Trans, R, 8S. E. vol. xxxiii. p. 642, pl. xxxviil. fig. 8, & pl. xl. fig. 8, 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 49 


and spinose tips. The dorsal cirrus behind has an enlarged 
base and gently tapered tip. After an interval the slightly 
convex and long inferior division occurs, with a prominent 
blunt lobe or papilla rather below its middle posteriorly, 
and directed inward and backward. A dense series of the 
strong and slightly brownish curved (club-shaped) bristles 
occupies the whole length of the division, with a few tapering, 
serrated forms amongst them. Most of the short strong 
forms show distinct serrations towards the curve. The 
ventral division ends in a notch ventrally. After the change 
ia the structure of the foot occurs, as at the 23rd, the 
slightly tapered dorsal cirrus has in front of it a group of 
long tapering bristles with smooth shafts and serrated tips, 
which are supported by four spines. A low rounded papilla 
closely adjoining the foregoing represents the inferior divi- 
sion, with two spines and a few slender serrated bristles. 
Posteriorly a ventral cirrus appears beneath the division. 


3. On the Goniadide, Glyceride, and Ariciidie of the 
‘ Porcupine’ Expeditions of 1869 and 1870. 


Goniada pallida, Arwidsson. 


In a large but fragmentary example from 81 fathoms, off 
Cape Finisterre, dredged by the ‘ Porcupine’ in 1870, the 
processes of the feet are proportionally long. A similar 
form comes from Cape Sagres in the same expedition. In 
both the ventral bristles are long and strong. The examples 
are the largest of the series. The head appears to be typical. 
The body is massive, glistening, and characterized by the 
elongate feet. It is incomplete posteriorly. The proboscis 
has two larger teeth, which are somewhat irregular in 
outline, and more numerous smaller denticles than in 
G. maculata. 

The V-shaped denticles are more numerous than in the 
common species, viz. 12-13 in number. It is the apex of 
these which acts on the food. The larger denticles (PI. IV. 
fig. 3) are less regular in outline than those of G. maculata, 
and the teeth are not in a uniform series. One, indeed, has 
only a median large and two smaller curved teeth without 
the lesser processes. 

The individuals in the row of smaller denticles varied con- 
siderably among themselves, but they did not seem to diverge 
much from the type seen in the ordinary form. They 
were, however, much more numerous—smaller being inter- 
mingled with the larger. The papille observed did not 
differ from those of the ordinary form (Pl. LV. fig. 5). 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. L 


50 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


Arwidsson does not show a posterior foot (e.g. about 100th), 
so that there is doubt, but, so far as observed (PI. IV. fig. 1), 
it bears a close resemblance to his G. pallida. The compound 
bristles have the form shown in the same plate (fig. 2). 


In the ‘ Porcupine’ Expediticn of 1869, Glycera lapidum, 
De Quatref., was dredged off Bundoran in Donegal Bay, on 
muddy sand, in 20-30 fathoms. 


Glycera siphonostoma, Delle Chiaje, occurred off Cape 
Guardia in 1870. 


Glycera alba, H. Rathke, in 1869, was found on muddy 
sand, in 165 fathoms, off Ireland ; on muddy sandin Donegal 
Bay, ‘off Bundoran, in 20-40 fathoms ; and in 80-40 fathoms, 
Dingle Bay, annie stones and mud. In 1870 it was 
dredged i in 45 fathoms off Cape Sagres, as well as off Cape 
Gann 


Aricia Cuvieri was dredged in 164 fathoms in greyish 
sand and gravel in the expedition of 1869. 

The second species is Aricia Kupfferi, Ehlers *, which was 
dredged in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expeditions of 1869 and 1879, 
and which likewise extends to Norway and Greenland. The 
head in this form is typical. The anterior region has fifteen 
bristled segments. Each foot has a dense tuft of spinose 
bristles finely tapered, with a stout dorsal cirrus posteriorly. 
An interval separates it from the yentral division, which has 
a series of similar but shorter bristles, many of which have 
shafts with rounded tips. The last three feet of the region 
have dark brownish spines with long hastate tips. The rows 
of papillee posteriorly are separated by a space from the 
bristles. These papillze occur in rows on the ventral surface 
of bristled segments 138, 14, 15, and 16, and, it may be, on 
one or two of the succeeding segments. The 23rd foot has 
the broadly lanceolate branchia internally on the dorsum, 
then the elongated dorsal cirrus shaped like a pointed shoe, 
and a tuft of long serrated bristles, amongst which are some 
simple forms. There are four spines. In the interval 
between this and the ventral division is a short and rather 
broad conical papilla. The ventral division presents a some- 
what clavate setigerous region supported by two spines and 
a prominent lanceolate lobe (cirrus) in front of it. The 
bristles are long and translucent, with smooth shafts and 
tapering, curved, and closely serrate tips. 


* Tauber seems to be somewhat doubtful if this is other than a yar. of 
A, norevgica, but no papilla exists in the latter, so that this differs, 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 51 


4. On the Goniadidee, Glyceride, and Ariciide procured by 
Dr. Whiteaves in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1872 and 
1873. 


Goniada maculata, CArsted. 


In the Canadian examples the V-shaped deuticles at the 
sides of the proboscis ranged from eight upwards. The larger 
jaws guarded the lateral regions of the organ, their tips 
pointing dorsally, three bifid denticles occurring ventrally 
and two V-shaped ones dorsally. When the basal region is 
fully extended the papille form a frill at the tip, the teeth 
of the larger jaws point inwards and backwards, those of the 
bifid denticles and the tips of the V-shaped forms having a 
similar direction. Three small separate denticles appeared 
outside this circle dorsally. The opening of the proboscis 
in this condition is oblique, pointing upwards and backwards. 


Goniada norvegica, Crsted. 


Dredged at A, no. 4, 1872, in 150 fathoms, between 
Griffin’s Cove and Cape Rosier, Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

The head is proportionally massive and appears to consist 
of eight rings in front of the large basal (peristomial) 
segment. The terminal region has four short cirri, the distal 
being shorter than the terminal pair. A lateral line or 
groove on each side dorsally and ventrally cuts off a lateral 
fillet. The peristomial segment has a slight imprint of the 
lateral grooves in front dorsally, while ventrally it is split by 
a wide longitudinal fissure with a fiap at each side, forming 
the lips. No trace of eyes exists in the preparation. The 
body is about 8 inches in length, though incomplete, and at 
its widest part is fully 10 mm. across the feet and bristles. 
It is slightly rounded dorsally, flattened ventrally, with a 
shallow but broad median groove along the latter. The first 
segment is connected by a broad median neck with the 
peristomial, and from this point backward the segments 
dorsally have a distinct pattern, viz. a broad prominent 
fillet at each side continuous with a narrower median region, 
and a narrow fusiform central region clasped by the 
former in front 9nd behind. By-and-bvy, proceeding back- 
ward this pattern secomes less marked, the lateral fillets 
being broader, whilst the median lozenge now extends to the 
fillet on each side, making, with the former connecting-vric ze, 
two belts between the fillets in each segment. The pro- 
jecting fillets also show furrows (longitudinal). About the 

4# 


52 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


middle of the body considerable flattening occurs and the 
markings just described fuse and disappear, the segment, with 
the foot on each side, being only variegated by pigment ; 
and this continues to the posterior end of the fragmentary 
specimen, in which reproduction of the caudal region had 
commenced in the form of a short median papilla with two 
proportionally large caudal cirri. On the ventral surface 
the segments are simple in front, then show a tendency to 
two lateral fillets and two median parts—an anterior broader 
and a posterior narrower. Posteriorly the segments become 
simple, as on the dorsal surface, a dimple marking the median 
region and then disappearing. 

The proboscis is a long, tough, and muscular organ, having 
at the base of its first region two long rows of V-shaped 
denticles, eighteen in number, with a speck in addition 
beyond them. At the distal end of this region (in extrusion) 
are a pair of jaws, near each other, with a dense series of 
denticles between them, whilst the longer ventral space has 
a linear series of upwards of twenty in number behind the 
papille. The latter are about seventeen or eighteen in 
number, blunt and flattened. One of the larger jaws has 
three prominent teeth, the other three. They he just within 
the ring of bluntly conical papillee. 

The first segment bears at each side a small lanceolate lobe 
on the anterior edge, and on the posterior a foot of three 
lobes, the ventral being the larger and the dorsal next. No 
bristles were present in the example. The succeeding feet 
have four or five lobes, and they increase in size. 

Five lobes exist on the 10th foot (Pl. IV. fig. 5), the 
dorsal being large and lanceolate, with an indentation on the 
dorsal edge, so that the lobe has the aspect of a foot, the 
three middle digit-like, and the ventral being a long lanceo- 
late process. ‘The dorsal, ventral, and the posterior lobes 
reach to the same vertical plane, whilst the two shorter ante- 
rior lobes fall considerably within it. Of the two latter 
(anterior) the upper is the longer. 

The 20th foot has the same number of lobes, the large 
dorsal and ventral, two anterior in front of the bristles, and 
a much larger lobe behind the bristles. 

Only compound bristles are present. 

About the 35th foot a small lobe appears in front of the 
flattened dorsal lobe or cirrus, with a spine and a series of 
dorsal bristles, thus completing the bifid condition of the 
foot. 

At the 40th foot is a superior division with a second spine 
and a group of simple dorsal bristles, the dorsal cirrus or lobe 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 53 


being somewhat shorter than in front, whilst beneath it is 
a smaller lanceolate lobe. 

The inferior division consists of the three lobes (two 
anterior and one posterior) and the ventral cirrus. The 
compound bristles have the same structure. 

At the 60th foot a decided increase in the size of all these 
flattened lobes is observable, especially in the inferior division, 
and when the 100th foot is reached all may be called folia- 
ceous. The lower dorsal far exceeds the upper in size. The 
anterior lobes of the inferior division form thin but broadly 
lanceolate flaps, whilst the posterior is as broad as both and 
of an ovato-lanceolate outline. The ventral cirrus, again, is 
shorter than in front, but still broad and thin. 

At the change from the more rounded form to the flat- 
tened condition of the body the whole of the processes of the 
foot become enlarged and flattened. Thus the secondary 
dorsal lobe in front of the superior tuft of bristles has become 
a double flap with the bristles between. The two anterior 
and the posterior lobes are also flattened out, whilst the 
ventral lobe is proportionally less than in front. 

Posteriorly the feet diminish in size, but they retain a 
similar character, the lobes, however, being much less, the 
largest in proportion being the dorsal (Pl. LV. fig. 6, 90th 
foot). 

The example is a female laden with large ova. 

In considering the relationship of this to the widely distri- 
buted Goniada maculata two factors have to be weighed, viz. 
the effects of environment in causing variation of the several 
parts of the foot and the influence of sexual conditions. 

The addition of two lobes to the foot in the anterior region 
of the body is perhaps the most marked divergence between 
this and the ordinary type; but as there is variability in the 
latter on this head, too much reliance need not be placed 
on it. 

There is less difficulty with the posterior feet, which diverge 
from the ordinary form only by the foliaceous expansion of 
the identical lobes of the feet, both dorsally and ventrally. 


Glycera capitata, Mrst., was dredged at Station 54, 1873, 
off Prince Edward Island, from St. Jaques to Sea-Cow Head. 


Glycera siphonostoma, Delle Chiaje, occurred in 1872, 
locality not stated. 


54 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


Glycera dibranchiata, Ehlers. 


1868. Glycera dibranchiata, Ehlers, Borstenw. ii. p. 670, Taf. xxiv. 
figs. 1, 3-8, & 19-28. 

From Station no. 7, 1873, viz. between Anticosti and the 
Gaspé Peninsula, in 100-220 fathoms, come one or two 
examples of a species which most nearly approaches the 
Glycera dibranchiata of Ehlers. The form is comparatively 
small, none apparently exceeding 3 or 4 inches in length. 
The head appears to be typical, with numerous closely 
arranged rings. The proboscis forms a boldly clavate organ 
in extrusion, and the teeth at the end of the first region 
can readily cross each other, dorsally and ventrally. The 
papille are elongate, and, by a constriction at the base, 
somewhat elliptical. At the 10th foot, two long and some- 
what lanceolate lobes occur in front, a short upper one 
posteriorly, and below it a longer conical lobe. The ventral 
cirrus is short and conical. The dorsal cirrus is above the 
base of the foot and of same size. At the 20th foot the 
chief change is the increase of the upper posterior lobe, 
which is a flattened conical plate. The 30th foot presents 
both a dorsal and a ventral branchia, and these are found as 
far back as the 90th (Pl. IV. fig. 7), and probably behind 
it in perfect examples. The size of the somewhat ovoid 
dorsal cirrus remains considerable throughout. 


The only example of the Ariciidz is Scoloplos armiger, 
O. F. Miller, which was dredged at various stations in 1873, 
viz., no. 15, in August, in the Baie des Chaleurs, between 
Capes Despair and Grand ; off Pabore, in 70 fathoms; off 
Cape Hood, Cape Breton, in 45 fathoms, between Bradelle 
Bank and Miscou Island. 


5. On the same Groups procured by Canon Norman, 
D.C.L., F.R.S., in Norway and Finmark. 


Of the Goniadide, Goniada maculata, CErst., and G. nor- 
vegica, Girst., were obtained, and three of the Glyceride, 
viz.: Glycera capitata, Cirst., Glycera unicornis, Savigny 
(= G. Goési, Malmgren), and Gilycera alba, H. Rathke. 
Amongst the Ariciide are Aricia Cuvieri, Aud. & Ed., 
Aricia norvegica, Sars, and a form near Aricia Kupferi, 
Ehlers, from Norway, and Scoloplos armiger, O. F. M., 
from Finmark. 


6. On some Japanese Glyceride. 
Four species of G/ycera have recently been described 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 55 


from Japanese waters by Mr. J. Perey Moore™%, viz. : Glycera 
Goési, Malmgren, G. tessellata, Grube, G. alba, Cirst., aud 
G. robusta, Ehlers. 

It is difficult to diagnose the species mentioned by 
Schmarda from Chili, as the figures and descriptions of the 
feet are too indefinite. In his first species, Glycera micro- 
gnatha, he describes the branchia on the foot as terminal, 
but whether the description applies to the terminal papilla of 
the foot or a branchia is doubtful. The dorsal cirrus is also 
situated above the foot. In G. macrorhiza the terminal 
papilla of the foot appears to be his branchia, and the dorsal 
cirrus is neither shown in the figure nor referred to in the 
text ; yet the form of the foot closely approaches that in the 
Japanese species. Glycera monodon, Schmarda, again has 
only a single tooth (?), the same kind of branchia (the 
terminal papilla), and a short ventral and a dorsal cirrus. 
The form of the tooth approaches that of the Japanese 
example. His G. diodon is described as having no branchie, 
two processes to the teeth, and conical, dorsal, and ventral 
cirri. ‘The setigerous lobe has a clavate papilla at the tip. 
It is possible that all the foregoing species and the Hemipoda 
patagonica of Kinberg may be identical with the Japanese 
form, as Ehlers thinks, and all appear to belong to the genus 
Hemipodus, De Quatrefages. 


Hemipodus simplex, Grube, var. 


Procured at Koba, Japan, lat. 34° 27’ N., long. 156° 50’ E., 
by Capt. St. John, in 1874. 

Externally this form differs from Glycera in the somewhat 
more elongate condition of the body, which appeared to be 
about 3 or 4 inches in length, and by the wide spaces 
between the feet. The latter, however, were closer ante- 
riorly and posteriorly than they were in the middle of the 
body. The head was absent, having been detached after 
rupture by the proboscis. Posteriorly the body gradually 
tapered to a tail, which ended in two short cirri. 

The first region of the proboscis was longitudinally 
streaked. The teeth are rather short, with a single slightly 
curved spur (PI. IV. fig. 4), which is situated near the basal 
part or socket of the tooth. 

The papille of the proboscis are simple and filiform 
throughout’ (Pl. LV. fig. 4), tapering gently from the base 
to the tip, finely streaked longitudinally and with minute 


* Contrib. Zool. Lab. Univ. Pennsylvania, x. p. 464 (1904). 


56 Prof, M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 


granules. They arise from. a translucent basement-mem- 
brane. They are often curved, but whether this condition 
has given rise to De Quatrefages’s description of falcate 
is a question. No other form of papilla is present, and 
hence the surface differs from the figure and description 
of Ehlers in regard to H. simplex, which has clavate or 
slightly globular forms amongst the filiform. Much depends 
on the state of the preparation, for a softened one might 
assume the condition in Ehlers’s figure. 

The anterior feet are moderately elongate, the dorsal cirrus 
being above the base of the foot. The setigerous region is 
bluntly rounded at the tip, which is pierced by the spines, 
‘and from the anterior border projects a long digit-lke 
papilla with a constriction at the base. The bristles are 
placed symmetrically above and below the spine. They all 
have the same structure, with pale translucent shafts, dilated 
and split at the end for the insertion of the base of the 
terminal piece, which is of moderate length with a thick 
back piece and a thin edge minutely serrated, the whole being 
finely tapered to a sharp point. None are seen to be bevelled 
in lateral yiew—apparently because they differ in this respect 
from those of such as Nereis. The ventral cirrus is situated 
at the base of the foot and is somewhat ovoid with a blunt 
tip—its outline resembling that of the dorsal cirrus. 

The posterior feet differ from the anterior in so far as the 
dorsal cirrus with its constricted base is now situated on the 
foot, whilst the ventral cirrus has moved outwards to the 
middle of the foot, is much longer and more pointed. The 
terminal anterior papilla is also somewhat longer. The bristles 
do not materially differ: they show a gradation in each 
bundle, those nearest the spine being more slender than those 
dorsally and ventrally. 

This form has considerably longer feet than that shown by 
Ehlers, and the ventral cirrus is longer and more pointed 
posteriorly—in this respect agreeing with De Quatrefages’s 
description of his Hemipodus roseus. 


Glycera alba, H. RB. 


This form (not to be distinguished from Glycera alba, H. 
Rathke) comes from a depth of 30 fathoms im the Japan 
Sea. The papillz of the proboscis are lanceolate. 


A specimen of Glycera siphonostoma, 6-7 inches in length, 
was found by Captain St. John at low water, Tukura, Japan, 


Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 57 


in 1874. A comparison with specimens of the species from 
various localities shows that it is only a variety of this widely 
distributed form. 


7. On the Form described as Hemipodus (?) magellanicus in 
the Annelids of the ‘ Challenger’ *. 


This remarkable type of the Glyceride requires, as indi- 
cated by the query in the ‘ Challenger ’ volume, a new generic 
name, since it so materially diverges from Hemipodus, De 
Quatrefages, and also from the types of Kinberg and Schmarda. 
It is difficult to see why Ehlers t has grouped these different 
forms under his Hemipodia magellanica, Kinberg; for Kin- 
berg’s type, like that of De Quatrefages, whom he followed, 
had essentially a simple foot (Schmarda’s Monosticha) with 
a single spine and one kind of bristles, whereas the form 
described in the ‘ Chailenger,’ whilst having a simple foot in 
front, had a bifid one throughout the rest of the body, and 
two kinds of bristles. The structure of the head of the 
‘Challenger’ species also diverges from that of the types of 
De Quatrefages and Kinberg. The term Breviglycera magel- 
lanica was therefore suggested as more appropriate. Now, 
however, Arwidsson’s paper { has priority, and his generic 
name of Glycerella may be accepted for this peculiar type, 
all the features of which were duly pointed out in the 
‘Challenger’ volume. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. 


Fig. 1. Posterior foot of Goniada pallida, Arwidsson. Magnified about 
50 diam. 

Fig. 2. Two compound bristles of the same species. Magnified, Zeiss 
oc. 2, obj. D. 

Fig. 3. One of the denticles of the foregoing. Magnified. 

Fig. 4. Papille of the proboscis of Hemipodus simplex, Grube. Magnified. 

Fig. 5. Tenth foot of Goniada norvegica, Girst., from the St. Lawrence. 
Magnified. 

Fig. 6. Ninetieth foot of the foregoing. Similarly magnified. 

7. Ninetieth foot of Glycera dibranchiata, Ehlers. Magnified. 


* Op. cit. p. 349, pl. xlii. figs. 11-15, pl. xxii. A. figs. 12-15, pl. xxxv. a. 
figs. 5-7. 

+ Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise, Polycheten, p. 81 (1897). 

¢ Bergens Mus, Aarbog, 1898, xi. p. 26, figs, 22 & 57. 


58 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


V.—Rhynchotal Notes—XXIX. By W. L. Distant. 


Subfam. Czrcaprz (continued from vol. xiv. p. 430). 


Division DUNDUBIARIA. 


This division is composed almost entirely of Oriental, 
Malayan, and Australasian species, save a few derived from 
the extreme east of the Palearctic Region, which, as well 
known, possesses a strong Oriental affinity. 

The lateral margins of the pronotum are distinctly angu- 
lated or toothed ; the tegmina and wings hyaline, sometimes 
spotted, but never opaque; the opercula vary much in length 
and shape, and in some genera reach the maximum of 


development. 
This division is a very homogeneous one, but at the same 


time one of the most difficult to readily analyze. It is hoped 
that the following proposed generic revision will considerably 
assist specific determination. 


Synopsis of Genera. 


I. Second and third ventral segments in ¢ with distinct 
lateral tubercles ; opercula short. 
A. Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than 
base Gr MesONGUUMIe ys uk. certs ete petete cael eee Leptopsaltria. 
B. Head (including eyes) as wide as base of meso- 
notum. 
a. Head as long as space between eyes. 
b. Tympanal coverings in ¢ broader at base 
than long. 
c. Abdomen moderately conical, gradually 
attenuated posteriorly, in ¢ considerably 
longer than space between apex of head 
and base of cruciform elevation ........ Purana. 
aa. Head as long or a little longer than space be- 
tween eyes. 
6b. Tympanal coverings in ¢ as long as breadth 
at base, or sometimes broader than long. 
ec. Abdomen broad, about as broad at apex 
as at base; in ¢ not longer than space 
between apex of head and base of cruci- 


form elevation. home see. eee et Maua. 
II. Second ventral segment in ¢ alone provided with 
lateral tubercles ; opercula short..........+0+++. Tanna. 


III. Ventral segments without tubercles; opercula 
short or sometimes very long, and very variable in 
shape. 
C. Head with the front large and convex, about 
twice as broad at its base as the anterior mar- 
gins of the lobes of vertex; rostrum scarcely 
reaching the posterior COX® ......ee.eeees .... Dundubia. 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


D. Head with the front not twice as broad at base as 
anterior margins of the lobes of vertex ; rostrum 
reaching, sometimes passing, the posterior coxe ; 
opercula long, at least reaching centre, and some- 
times apex, of abdomen. 

d. Abdomen short, about as long as space between 
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation. 
e. Head as long as breadth between eyes. 
jf. Lateral margins of head obliquely con- 
tinuous to front or very slightly sinuate. 
g. Head (including eyes) as wide as base of 
mesonotum., 

h. Opercula in ¢ broad, either just or 
longly passing middle of abdomen, 
well separated, and not overlapping, 
more or less concayely sinuate on 
each side at basal area, their apices 
rounded or obliquely truncate. 

t, Greatest breadth of tegmina about 
a third: oflenp piel: uses ie eens 
jf. Anterior margins of vertex of head almost 
at right angles to front. 
w. Greatest breadth of tegmina more 
than one third of length ....... 2 
gg. Head (including eyes) only about two 
thirds the breadth of base of meso- 
notum...... TodooPcsoIo Gocotsaamoe . 
ee. Head much shorter than breadth between 
eyes. 
os Opercula in g about twice as broad 
at apex than at base, their inner mar- 
gins concave, widening to basal area, 
outer margins sinuate near centre, 
their apices broad and overlapping .. 
hhh, Operculain 3 broad, their inner mar- 
gins contiguous, nearly equally broad 
throughout, their apices broad, the 
outer margins very obsoletely sinuate. 
dd, Abdomen considerably longer than space be- 
tween apex of head and base of cruciform 
elevation. 
#, Head (including eyes) about as wide or a little 
wider than base of mesonotum. 
7. Head about as long as breadth between eyes. 
k. Pronotum measured centrally almost as 
long as mesonotum excluding cruciform 
elevation, its lateral margins always 
distinctly, strongly, and generally 
acutely toothed. 

I, Opercula elongate, concavely sinuate 
on each side near base, their apices 
rounded or obtusely acute, occupying 
lateral abdominal areas, and always 
well separated at their inner margins. 

J. Head distinctly shorter than breadth be- 
tween eyes. 
kk. Pronotum measured centrally distinctly 


59 


Cosmopsaltria, 


Fatima. 


Sawda. 


Ayesha. 


Haphsa. 


Platylomia. 


60 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


shorter than mesonotum, its lateral 

margins moderately dentate. 

I. Opercula elongate, broad, nearly meet- 
ing at their inner margins, sinuate 
at their basal areas. 

m, Anal abdominal segment in ¢ api- 
cally acutely dentate * or with a 
broad obtuse process t on each side. Diceropyga. 

iil. Opercula obliquely divergent, some- 
times very short. 

mm. Anal abdominal segment in 
apically unarmed ..........+- .. Meimuna. 

lll. Opercula short and transverse. 

n. Head (including eyes) about as wide 
as base of mesonotum, its length 
about or nearlyequal to space be- 
tween eyes. 

o. Abdomen in ¢ longer than space 
between apex of head and base of 
cruciform elevation. 

p. LTympanal coverings of normal 


shape and G1Z0.-2). roles s lele w= es Pomponia. 
pp. Tympanal coverings very large, 
nearly meeting inwardly .... Dokwma. 


oo. Abdomenin ¢ short, aboutas long 
as space between apex of head 
and base of cruciform elevation. 
ppp. Tympanal coverings of nor- 
mal shape and size ........ Aola. 
pppp. Tympanal coverings very glo- 
bose and projecting beyond the 
lateral marginsofthe abdomen. Oncotympana. 
nn. Head (including eyes) considerably 
wider than base of mesonotum ; ab- 
domen long; length of head equal 
to space between eyes .......+.. Champaka. 


Genus LEPTOPSALTRIA. 
Leptopsaltria, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 5 (1866); Berl. ent. Zeit. x. p. 170 
(1866). 
Type, L. tuberosa, Sign. (Cicada). 


PURANA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) as wide as base of mesonotum and 
as long as space between eyes; face prominent and convex, 
its base almost at right angles to the anterior lateral angles 
of vertex; pronotum narrowed anteriorly, its lateral margins 
angulated or toothed; mesonotum much longer than pro- 
notum; abdomen moderately conical above, gradually attenu- 
ated posteriorly, in male considerably longer than the space 

* Asin type, D. obtecta, Fabr. 
+ Asin D. chlorogaster, Boisd. 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 61 


between the apex of head and base of cruciform elevation, 
tubercles on the second and third ventral segments large and 
prominent; opercula small; tympanal coverings in male 
broader at base than long; rostrum reaching or a little 
passing posterior cox ; tegmina and wings hyaline. 


Type, P. tigrina, Walk. (Dundubia). 


MAUA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) as wide as base of mesonotum and 
as long or a little longer than space between eyes ; face promi- 
nent and elongately convex, not in a line with vertex ; pro- 
notum narrowed anteriorly, its lateral margins angulated or 
toothed ; mesonotum much longer than pronotum ; abdomen 
broad, its apex about or almost as broad as base, in male not 
or scarcely longer than space between apex of head and base 
of cruciform elevation, tubercles on the second and third 
ventral segments very large and prominent, opercula small; 
tympanal coverings in male sometimes as long as, sometimes 
shorter than, breadth at base; rostrum reaching, generally 
considerably passing, the posterior coxe ; tegmina and wings 
hyaline. 

Type, If. quadrituberculata, Sign. (Cicada). 


Maua affinis, sp. n. 


Closely allied to M. guadrituberculata, Sign., from which 
it differs by having the outer margins of the opercula almost 
straight and not convexly sinuate, and by the tegmina, which 
have the transverse veins at the bases of the second, third, 
and fourth apical areas infuscated, and also having a small 
fuscous spot at the apex of each longitudinal vein to the 
apical areas. 

Long., excl. tegm., g 35-39 mm.; exp. tegm. 101- 
123 mm. 

Hab. Borneo (Paris and Stockh. Muss.). 


TANNA, gen. nov. 


Closely allied to Leptopsaltria, from which it differs by 
only having a lateral tubercle on the second and not on the 
third ventral segment, in other respects resembling the genus 
Pomponia. 

Head (including eyes) narrower than base of mesonotum 
and about as long as space between eyes; lateral margins of 
pronotum angularly sinuate, but not prominently toothed ; 


62 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


abdomen much longer than space between apex of head and 
base of cruciform elevation; tympana covered; opercula 
small, not or scarcely extending beyond base of abdomen ; 
rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; tegmina and wings 
hyaline. 

Type, 7. japonensis, Dist. (Pomponia). 


Genus DuNDUBIA. 
Dundubia, Amy. & Serv. Hist. des Hém. p. 470 (1848). 
Type, ). mannifera, Linn. (Cicada). 


Genus COSMOPSALTRIA. 


Cosmopsaltria, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 5 (1866) ; Berl. ent. Zeit. x. p. 170 
(1866). 


Type, C. doryca, Boisd. (Cicada). 


FATIMA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) about equal in breadth to base of 
mesonotum, as long as breadth between eyes, its lateral 
margins very irregular, the anterior lateral margins of the 
vertex being almost at right angles to the face; pronotum 
little more than half the length of mesonotum ; abdomen above 
as long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform 
elevation; anal abdominal segment in male apically acutely 
dentate on each side; tympana covered, the tympanal 
coverings in male projecting a little beyond the lateral abdo- 
minal margins ; rostrum passing the posterior cox; opercula 
in male broad, just or longly passing the middle of the 
abdomen, either concavely sinuate on each side or slightly 
and obsoletely sinuate, their apices rounded or obliquely 
truncate; tegmina and wings subhyaline, the first broad, 
their greatest breadth more than one third of their length. 

Type, F. capitata, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria). 


SAWDA, gen. nov. 


ilead (including eyes) about two thirds the breadth of 
base of mesonotum, and very slightly longer than breadth 
between eyes, its lateral margins discontinuous, the anterior 
margins of vertex being almost at right angles to front; 
mesonotum only slightly longer than pronotum; abdomen 
short, about as long as space between apex of head and base 
of erneiform elevation; tympana covered, the flaps a little 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 63 


broader than long; rostrum just passing the posterior coxe ; 

opercula long , their apices broad; tegmina and wings hy aline, 

their ereatest width more than one third of their length ; 

anterior femora tuberculously spined beneath; anal abdo- 

minal segment in male apically acutely dentate on each side. 
Type, s: mimica, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria). 


Sawda Gestrei, sp. n. 


Head, pronotum, and scutellum olivaceous; area of the 
ocelli, two central fascie to pronotum (between which the 
colour is ochraceous), a central lanceolate spot to mesonotum, 
on each side of which is a posteriorly angulated spot (mar- 
gined with ochraceous), and a spot in front of each anterior 
angle of the cruciform elevation, black ; there is also a sub- 
lateral fuscous streak on each cidelot the mesonotum ; abdo- 
men purplish brown; body beneath, rostrum, and legs very 
pale olivaceous ; paderdee of femora and the tarsi black ; 
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation pale fuscous ; 
tegmina with the transverse veins at the bases of the apical 
areas broadly infuscated and a fuscous spot at the apex of 
each longitudinal vein to the apical areas; the venation at 
apex of radial area ochraceous ; opercula broad, their margins 
narrowly black and greyishly tomentose, their apices reaching 
the base of fourth abdominal segment, their outer margins 
sinuate, but only slightly concave. 

Long., excl. tegm., @ 45 mm. ; exp. tegm. 140 mm. 

Hab. New Guinea: Haveri (Loria, Genoa Mus.). 


AYESHA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) as wide or a little wider than base 
of mesonotum, much shorter than breadth between eyes, 
lateral margins obliquely continuous to face or very slightly 
sinuate, eyes large and oblique; pronotum shorter than 
mesonotum, its lateral margins angulated anteriorly ; meso- 
notum moderately convexiy tumid; abdomen short, not 
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform 
elevation; tympanal coverings about as long as broad; 
rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe; opercula in male 
long, about twice as broad at apex as at base, inner margin 
concave, widening to basal area, outer margins sinuate near 
centre, their apices broad and overlapping; tegmina and 
wings hyaline, greatest width of tegmina about one third 
their length. 


Type, A. spathulata, Stal (Cosmopsaltria). 


64 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


HAPHSA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) about as broad as mesonotum, 
considerably shorter than breadth between eyes, lateral 
margins obliquely sinuate from eyes to apex; pronotum 
distinctly shorter than mesonotum, subacutely toothed before 
middle of lateral margins; abdomen short, not longer than 
space between head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana 
covered, tympanal flaps about as long as broad; rostrum 
reaching or passing the posterior coxz; opercula in male 
broad, their inner margins contiguous, nearly equally broad 
throughout, their apices convex, their outer margins very 
obsoletely sinuate ; tegmina and wings hyaline. 


Type, 7. nicomache, Walk. (Dundubia). 


Haphsa crassa, sp. n. 


Body stout, broad, piceous; head with spots at apex of 
front and the lateral margins of vertex and two spots at base 
pale ochraceous; pronotum with a central longitudinal fascia, 
on each side of which are curved discal fasciz, anterior narrow 
margin (broken centrally), and the lateral and posterior 
margins ochraceous (the posterior margin contains a black 
spot on each side); mesonotum with two long branching 
discal fascia, commencing at the anterior angles of the 
cruciform elevation, two short central anterior lines, and the 
lateral margins ochraceous; cruciform elevation ochraceous, 
centrally black, and with a black spot on each of the anterior 
prolongations ; abdomen above black, more or less ochra- 
ceously tomentose ; head beneath, sternum, and opercula 
very pale testaceous and shortly pilose; abdomen beneath 
piceous, more or less ochraceously pilose, with a central pale, 
macular, ochraceous fascia; legs black, the tibie (excluding 
bases and apices) castaneous; coxe, trochanters, and femora 
streaked and spotted with pale ochraceous ; face black, a 
basal spot and the transverse striations ochraceous ; tegmina 
and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous, the first with the 
transverse veins at the bases of the second, third, fifth, and 
seventh apical areas infuscated (sometimes only the second 
and third infuscated) ; in one specimen there are minute 
fuscous spots at the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical 
areas, but in others these are obsolete. Abdomen short and 
broad, in male about as long as space between apex of head 
and base of cruciform elevation ; length of head considerably 
shorter than space between eyes; opercula broad, their inner 
margins contiguous, nearly equally broad throughout, their 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 65 


apices broadly subtruncate and reaching tM penultimate 
abdominal segment; rostrum ochraceous, its apex black, and 
reaching the posterior coxze. 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 34-38 mm. ; exp. tegm. 97-110 mm. 


Hab. Yun-nan (Paris and Brit. Muss.). 


Genus PLATYLOMIA. 


Platylomia, Stal (nom., nec descrip.), CEfv, Vet-Ak. Forh. 1870, 
p- 708, note. 

Head (including eyes) about as wide or a little wider than 
base of mesonotum, about or almost as long as breadth 
between eyes ; pronotum centrally about or almost as long as 
mesonotum (excluding basal cruciform elevation), its lateral 
margins always distinctly, sometimes strongly, and generally 
acutely toothed; abdomen considerably longer than space 
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tym- 
pana completely covered; rostrum reaching or passing the 
posterior cox; opercula more or less elongate, concavely 
sinuate on each side of basal area, their apices rounded or 
subacute, occupying lateral abdominal areas, always well 
separated and seldom reaching disk; tegmina and wings 
hyaline, the venation sometimes fuscously spotted. 

Type, P. spinosa, Fabr. (Tettigonia). 

I use Stal’s name for this genus, as the type he proposed 
(Cic. flavida, Guér.) is included in it. His description, 
however, cannot be accepted, as, evidently referring to 
Guérin’s figure only, he states, “‘ ramo vene ulnaris interioris 
recto vel leviter curvato,” a character given by the artist and 
not found in the species. 


Platylomia assamensis, sp. 0. 


Allied to P. umbrata, Dist. (Mon. Orient. Cicad. tab. v. 
figs. ll a, 6), and differing principally by the size and shape 
ot the opercula, which just pass the posterior margin of the 
penultimate abdominal segment, with their apices suddenly 
obtusely angulate ; the tegmina are shorter, and thus appa- 
rently broader, and are without the marginal spots at the 
apices of the longitudinal veins to the apical areas and 
the infuscated transverse veins at the bases of tifth and seventh 
apical areas; the markings of the mesonotum are similar to 
those of P. umbrata, but there is also a distinct black elongate 
spot on each lateral area, 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 40 mm.; exp. tegm. 111 mm. 

Lab. Assam (Atkinson Coil., Brit. Mus.). 

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 5 


66 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


© Platylomia virescens, sp. n. 


Body above shining piceous, more or less greyishly 
pubescent ; anterior margin of pronotum and posterior seg- 
mental margins pale castaneous ; posterior margin of pronotum 
greenish or ochraceous ; mesonotum with traces of two sub- 
obsolete basal obconical spots; abdomen beneath and legs 

castaneous, anterior and intermediate tibize and tarsi piceous ; 
sternum ochraceously tomentose ; opercula ochraceous, finely 
greyishly tomentose ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the vena- 
tion castaneous, basal streaks to both bright, shining green ; 
tegmina with the transverse veins at the apices of the upper 
two ulnar areas broadly infuscated, and a small fuscous spot 
at the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas. Body 
long and slender ; opeicula i in ¢ terminating in a long slender 
outw ardly curved prolongation reaching the base of the sixth 
abdominal segment, moderately coneavely sinuate on each 
side near base ; rostrum just passing the posterior coxe. 

Long., excl. tegm., g 55, 9 46 mm.; exp. tegm., ¢ 2 
122-140 mm. 

Hab. Borneo: Sarawak (A. Everitt, Brit. Mus.) ; Philip- 
pines (Paris & Brit. Muss.). 

In general appearance this species much resembles, or, to 
use a somewhat loose term, “ mimics,” Champaka viridi- 
maculata, Dist. 


Platylomia albomaculata, sp. n. 


¢. Body and legs very dark piceous brown ; abdomen 
above with a double series of cretaceous spots on each lateral 
area, the innermost very small, the outer marginal series 
much larger, a large cretaceous spot on each side of the last 
abdominal segment ; eyes, apices of intermediate and posterior 
femora, and the posterior tarsi flavescent, posterior tibiz (ex- 
cluding bases and apices) castaneous; tegmina and wings 
transparent tale-like, the venation fuscous, extreme bases of 
both virescent; tegmina with the transverse veins at the 
bases of the second and third apical areas distinctly infuscated, 
and with a series of small marginal spots at the apices of the 
longitudinal veins to apical areas. Opercula somewhat 
narrow, convexly sinuate on each side near base, the inner 
and apical margins moderately convexly rounded, their apices 
reaching the middle of the fourth abdominal segment ; 
rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; face strongly tumid, 
centrally longitudinally sulcate, and strongly transversely 
striate. 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 40 mm.; exp. tegm. 102 mm. 

Hab. Philippines (Brit. Mus.). 


Mr, W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 67 


Genus DICEROPYGA 
Diceropyga, Stal, GEfy. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1870, p. 708, note. 
Type, D. obtecta, Fabr. (Tettigonia). 


Diceropyga boninensis, sp. n. 


Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish, or, in faded 
specimens, ochraceous; head with transverse striations to 
front, a spot at anterior angles of vertex, area of the ocelli 
continued obliquely to lateral margins, and a spot at inner 
margins of eyes black; pronotum with a central black longi- 
tudinal fascia, widened anteriorly and_ posteriorly, and 
centrally longitudinally pale ochraceous, the incisures, some 
spots on lateral marginal areas, and the extreme lateral and 
posterior margins black ; mesonotum with two obconical pale 
ochraceous spots, the inner margins and lateral areas of which 
are black, connected with a black spot extending from their 
apices to cruciform elevation, an irregular black longitudinal 
fascia on each lateral area, broken anteriorly with pale ochra- 
ceous; a small black spot on the anterior and posterior 
margins of the cruciform elevation ; abdomen above black, 
posterior segmental margins greenish or ochraceous, with 
macular ochraceous markings which do not extend to the 
apical third; head beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula pale 
greenish or ’ ochraceous, the last narrowly margined with 
black and more or less cretaceously tomentose 2 abdomen 
beneath brownish ochraceous ; face blackly transversely 
striate on basal and apical areas, the central sulcation black, 
with an ochraceous spot at base and apex; tegmina and wings 
hyaline, venation mostly fuscous brown ; tegmina with the 
costal membrane and area greenish or ochraceous, the trans- 
verse veins at the apices of the two upper ulnar areas 
infuscated. Opercula reaching the apex of the third ventral 
segment, their apices a little narrowed and rounded, concavely 
sinuate at outer margins on basal area, convexly oblique at 
inner margins; anal abdominal segment in male obscurely 
apically dentate ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe. 
Phe excl. tegm., ¢ 2? 26-33 mm.; exp. tegm. 86- 

2 mm. 


Hab. Bonin Islands and Aluman ? (Holst, Brit. Mus.). 


MEIMUNA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) about as broad as base of mesonotum, 
shorter than breadth between eyes, lateral margins obliquely 
ka 


68 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


continuous to face or very slightly sinuate ; pronotum dis- 
tinctly shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins distinctly 
and generally acutely toothed before middle ; abdomen con- 
siderably longer than space between apex of head and base 
of cruciform elevation; tympana covered, tympanal flaps 
about as long as broad; rostrum reaching the posterior coxa ; 
opercula obliquely divergent, sometimes very short; tegmina 
and wings hyaline. 


Type, M. tripurasura, Dist. (Dundubia). 


Genus POMPONIA. 


Pomponia, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 6 (1866); Berl. ent. Zeit. x. p. 171 
(1866). 


Type, P. fusca, Oliv. (Cicada). 


Pomponia merula, sp. n. 


3. Body dark castaneous ; posterior and lateral margins 
of pronotum and the sternum more or less dull ochraceous ; 
striations to front and face, and a central spot to first, area 
of the ocelli and a spot between them and eyes black; black 
markings on pro- and mesonota generally as in P. impera- 
toria, but posterior margin of pronotum immaculate; a spot 
between face and eyes, coxe and femora beneath, tibia, more 
or less, and the opercula black ; tegmina and wings pale 
smoky hyaline, the venation brownish ochraceous; tegmina 
with the base, costal membrane and area, and spots on trans- 
verse veins at apices of first, second, third, and fourth ulnar 
areas, and near the apex of each longitudinal vein to apical 
areas, fuscous brown; wings with extreme base and two 
narrow longitudinal basal streaks fuscous brown. 

Allied to P. cmperatoria, Westw., from which it differs 
principally by the black, more transverse, and a little shorter 
opercula, darker colour of the body above and beneath, 
distinctly narrower and more spotted tegmina, &c. 

Long., excl. tegm., 67-72 mm.; exp. tegm. 188-194 mm, 

Hab. Borneo, 4 ¢ specs. (Sir H. Brooke, Lowe, Hose, & 
Everitt, Brit. Mus.). North Borneo: Sandakan (Pryer, Coll. 
Dist.). 


Pomponia intermedia, sp. n. 


Allied to P. imperatoria, Westw., in colour and markings, 
but differing by the length of the third apical area to the 
tegmina, which is shorter than the fourth, while those areas 
are about equal in length in Westwood’s species ; the greatest 


Mr. W. I. Distant on Homoptera. 69 


width of the tegmina is scarcely more than a third of their 
length; opercula ochraceous, narrowly margined with black 
and obliquely black at base, in shape and length resembling 
those of D. imperaturta. Allied to P. merula by the relative 
breadth and length of tegmina, and by having the third 
apical area to the same shorter than the fourth, but differing 
by the shape and length of the opercula. 
Long., excl. tegm., d 64 mm.; exp. tegm. 176 mm. 
Hab. Tenasserim: Thaungyang Valley (Col. Bingham, 
Brit. Mus.). 
The structural differences of the three species are expressed 
in the following synopsis :— 
A. Opereula about as long as broad. 
a. Greatest width of tegmina much more than a third 
of their length. 
4. Third apical area to tegmina about as long as 
PME THLS eR ae Ai cher cette ths ce Saas tach te P. imperatoria, 
aa. Greatest width of tegmina about or little more 
than a third of their length. 


bb. Third apical area to tegmina shorter than fourth. P. intermedia. 
iB. Opercula broader than Jonge; .... 2001s occ tess P. merula. 


DoKuUMA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) as wide as base of mesonotum, its 
length about equal to breadth between eyes; pronotum con- 
siderably shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margin distinctly 
angularly toothed ; mesonotum with a transverse tumidity at 
and extending beyond the cruciform elevation; abdomen in 
male considerably longer than space between apex of head 
and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana very large, a little 
convex, nearly meeting inwardly, and between them the 
prolonged metanotum appears as a longitudinal subconical 
process ; opercula small, between their inner margins a short 
subglobose metasternal process ; rostrum reaching the posterior 
coxee; tegmina and wings hyaline; tegmina with eight 
apical areas, the basal cell longer than broad. 


Type, D. nigristigma, Walk. (Dundubia). 


AOLA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum, 
its length about equal to breadth between eyes; front pro- 
minent, its lateral margins more or less continuous with those 
of vertex; pronotum distinctly shorter than mesonotum, its 
lateral margins prominently toothed; abdomen short, about 
as long as space between apex of front and base of cruciform 
elevation; tympana entirely covered, the flaps broader than 


70 Mr. K. Andersen on 


Jong ; opercula short, just reaching the first abdominal seg- 
ment, and not covering the lateral margins of the tympanal 
flaps; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; tegmina and 
wings hyaline, the first with eight apical areas and the basal 
ceil longer than broad. 


Type, A. bindusara, Dist. (Pomponia). 


Genus ONCOTYMPANA. 
Oncotympana, Stil, GEfv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 710. 
Type, O. pallidiventris, Stal. 


CHAMPAKA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) considerably broader than base of 
mesonotum, its length about equal to breadth between eyes, 
Jateral margins of front and vertex almost obliquely in line ; 
pronotum about as long as head, its lateral margins armed 
with a distinct medial spine ; mesonotum moderately tumid ; 
abdomen considerably longer than space between apex of 
head and base of cruciform elevation; tympana covered, 
tympanal coverings broader than long; opercula short, just 
reaching basal abdominal segment, laterally oblique and thus 
exposing the marginal areas of the cavities ; rostrum reaching 
the posterior cox ; anterior femora strongly spined beneath ; 
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first considerabiy longer than 
the body and with its greatest breadth considerably less than 
a third of its length; apical areas eight ; basal cell longer 
than broad. 

Type, C. viridimaculata, Dist. (Pomponia). 


Vi.—Further Descriptions of new Rhinolophi from Africa. 
By Knup ANDERSEN. 


Rhinolophus Darlingi, sp. un. 


Diagnosis —Differs from all other South-African Rhino- 
lophi by the combination of these two characters: cingula 
of the upper canine and p‘ in immediate contact with each 
other; forearm 46°7-47°7 mm. 

Nose-leaves.—Extreme length 14-145 mm. Horseshoe 
covering almost the whole of the muzzle; no tooth-like 
projection on either side of the median notch; greatest 
width 8:1-8°5 mm. Sella naked, slightly constricted below 
the middle, broadly rounded off at summit; vertical height 
4 mm.; breadth at base, at constriction, and at summit 


new Rhinolophi from Africa, 7% 


21, 1:5, and 1:77 mm. Posterior connecting-process very 
short, rounded, in side view very nearly semicircular, 
scarcely projecting beyond the summit of the sella (this 
kept in vertical position). Lancet very long, scarcely con- 
stricted, its lateral margins evenly converging towards the 
tip; distance from the posterior transverse bridge to the tip 
of the lancet 4°2 mm. 

Ears.—Reaching tip of muzzle, when laid forward: not 
attenuated below the tip; this latter blunt. Width of ear 
about equal to its length from notch on outer margin to 
tip. 

Wings.—5th metacarpal equal to (or only a mere trifle 
longer than) 4th. Ist phalanx of 4th finger about 2 the 
length of 2nd phalanx. Plagiopatagium inserted on tarsus. 

Tail. Much longer than the tibia, about the same length 
as the drd metacarpal. Hinder margin of interfemoral 
triangular. 

Colour.—General colour of adult individuals (2 skins) 
rather dark brownish drab above, “drab-grey” beneath, 
Base of hairs on back of the same colour as the underside. 
Length of fur on middle of back about 10 mm.—Imma- 
ture specimens (2 skins) have a more greyish tinge on the 
back, but the difference from adult examples is very slight 
(but may perhaps be more pronounced in still younger 
individuals). 

Skull—Hinder border of palatal bridge opposite (or very 
slightly behind) the middle of m’?. 

Dentition.—Cingula of the upper canine and p* so closely 
approximated as to completely touch each other. Upper p? 
quite on the external side of the tooth-row ; in one skull 
(2 ad.) with unworn teeth it is as high as the cingula of 
the adjacent teeth; in two other skulls with slightly worn 
teeth it is hair-fine, hardly perceptible without a lens (there- 
fore presumably lost in still older individuals). Lower ps, 
when present, external to the tooth-row, not reaching the 
upper margin of the cingula of p. and p,; in a little more 
advanced age pz 1s lost. 

Type.—Ad. (skin). Mazoe, Mashonaland, 4000 ft., June 
13th, 1895; collected by J. ff. Darling, Esq. B.M. no. 
95. 8. 27.1. Original no. 385. “Taken in mining adit.’ 
Five paratypes (three skins, two in alcohol) are in the 
British Museum. 

Distribution —A young Rhinolophus from Angola (B. M. 
no. 64. 8. 16. 3*) is indistinguishable from the species here 

* Lh. ethiops, specimen “ e,” in Dobson’s Cat. Chir. Brit. Mus, (1878) 
p. 122. 


72 Mr. K. Andersen on 


described, in external characters as well as in skull and 
dentition. Its geographical distribution therefore, probably, 
is from Angola across South Africa, eastwards at least to 
Mazoe. 

Remarks.—The short diagnosis given above will, in every 
case, prevent confusion of the present species with any other 
hitherto known South-African Rhinolophus. Rh. Landeri, 
lobatus, simulator, and Denti differ, altogether, in having the 
upper p” placed in the tooth-row, separating the canine and 
p'* by a distinctly perceptible interspace. Rh. Landeri is 
much smaller (forearm about 43 mm.), with much shorter 
ears, much narrower sella, higher connecting-process, much 
shorter tail (18-21 mm.), and with the Ist phalanx of the 
4th finger peculiarly shortened (less than, or equal to, half 
the length of the 2nd phalanx). Rh’. lobatus, which is 
of about the same size as Rh. Darlingi, may at once be 
separated by having the posterior connecting-process long, 
pointed, projecting like a small “horn” far beyond the 
summit of the sella. Rh. simulator is smaller (forearm 
43°5-45 mm.) ; the front face of the sella is “ rough,” owing 
to the presence of very short hairs (most easily to be 
observed under a lens). RA. Denti ismuch smaller (forearm 
41-43 mm.) ; front face of sella as in Rh. simulator. 

The species is named in honour of Mr. J. ffolliott Darling, 
to whom the British Museum is indebted for so many 
valuable accessions to its collection of South-African 
mammals. 


Measurements. 
5 adult spems., 
Type 3 skulls. 
Ad. 
Min Max 
m. mm. mm 
PROMOMETA | | Sis: )cis.clsvcrovsiem eae lai tele aie teres 46:7 AG:7 47‘7 
sconmetacarpal Ny. dni el aetiiws oo ee | 28°5 28°5 30°2 
CAR IALEEAUC NDI BL 0a 26s ani pac aie yaustate cet lela dd o4 35:7 
AH IELACAT PAL cca k see aaa aye aca sie 342 542 55a°7 
EAP LEOMARITUS os yc sete te eee Reel (28°5) 28°5 32 
Skull} extreme lonpth -....)6..00.0% 24 bes | 20:2 20 20:2 
ya ey eomMaAtiCc Width ..4.) 55 Svicwwe oes) 10 10 10°5 
Mandible, condylus to front of incisors..| 13°53 13'1 15:5 
Front of upper canine to back of m*.... 74 CD, A a see 
" lower canine to back of m,.... 8 78 8 


new Rhinolophi from Africa. 


-1 
©2 


Rhinolophus acrotis brachygnathus, subsp. n. 

Diagnosis.—Like Rh. acrotis Andersoni, but upper and 
lower tooth-rows, as well as mandible, distinctly shorter. 

Skull and dentition (two skulls examined).—Although 
being apparently, on an average, larger than Rh. a. Andersoni, 
the present form has a smaller skull, smaller teeth, shorter 
tooth-rows and mandible (conf. measurements). 

Colour.—The general colour of the single skin at my 
disposal (2 imm.) is much darker than in the type of 
Rh. a. Andersoni (8 imm.): greyish “ drab” on the upper- 
side, tinged with “ mouse-grey” on the hinder back ; 
“ecru-drab ” on the underside ; base of hairs on the back 
of the same colour as the underside. 

Type.— 3 ad. (in aleohol). Ghizeh, Lower Egypt, Dec. 
16th, 18915 collected and presented by Dr. J. Anderson. 
B. M. no. 92.9.9. 7. There is a second specimen ( 9 imm., 
skin) in the Museum from the same locality. 

Distribution —Known only from Ghizeh. 

Remarks.—The absence, even in immature individuals, of 
the lower p; and upper p* distinguishes this form sufficiently 
from the only species with which it could possibly be 
confounded, viz. RA. euryale and Rh. elivosus. 

Up to the present time three forms of Rh. acrotis have 
been described: Rh. acrotis (typicus) from Keren, Erytrea ; 
Rh. a. Andersoni from the Eastern Egyptian Desert, about 


22° N., 35° E.; and Rh. a. brachygnathus from the environs 
of Cairo. 


Measurements of Rh. acrotis brachygnathus and Andersoni. 


; Lh. ge \Rh. a. Andersoni*.| 
brachygnathus. 


| A | 
| 4 immature spems,, | 


ah 5 skulls. 
Type. 
6 ad. 
Max. Min. 
mm. mm. mim 
HOC HERE mIge  at teeta ne aie ep ni cue noes Se 475 468 | 442 
5rd metacarpal ..... ce Bote Sah cies eoaolo 32 29°5 27 
4th metacarpal.....5.....20. SBE Prt i 33'7 31:2 29°7 
Dthy: miettearpalerisd, B.'s :'e,crs se ces 3 35°8 32'2 30 
Mandible, condylus to front of incisors. . 12:6 13°5 18 
Front of upper canine to back of m’.... 7 78 75 
o lower canine to back of m,.... 76 85 8:2 


| 


* It may well be noticed that all the (4) specimens, including the 


74 Mr. K. Andersen on 


Rhinolophus fumigatus exsul, subsp. n. 


Diaynosis.—Apparently similar in all essential characters 
to Rh. fumigatus (= Antinorii), but decidedly smaller. Fore- 
arm 49°5 mm. 

Haternal characters.—To judge from a dried skin, the 
shape of the nose-leaves and ears is the same as in Rh. fumi- 
gatus. The lateral margins of the sella bear the dense 
clothing of long hairs characteristic of the fumigatus-group 
of species; the hairimg on the front face of the sella seems 
to be sparser and shorter than in the typical form. General 
colour above dark greyish “drab,” darkest on the hinder 
part of the back, brighter drab on the underside of the body ; 
base of hairs, throughout, dark smoke-grey. 

Meusurements.—Under the next form. 

Type.—Ad. (skin). Kitui, British East Africa, 3500 ft., 
Jan. 3rd, 1901; collected and presented by Mrs. H. Hinde. 
B. M. no. 1.5.6.3. Original no. 68. The type is the ouly 
specimen known to me. 

Distribution.—Probably the whole of the Ukamba district. 

Remarks. — This is evidently a southern offshoot of 
Rh. fumigatus, cut off from the (Abyssinian) main stem of 
the species, and developed into a distinct race. From Rh. 
Deckeni, an inhabitant of nearly the same regions, it is 
easily distinguished by the longer and differently shaped 
nose-leaves, by having the margins of the sella clothed with 
long straight hairs, by the much smaller size (forearm in 
Rh. Deckeni 54°7 mm.), by having the 4th metacarpal only 
about 2 mm. longer than the 8rd (in Rk. Deckeni 5 rom. 
longer), by the comparatively very short 2nd phalanx of the 
5th finger, &e. I have not seen askull of this form ; it will, 
no doubt, be found to have lost both the lower p; and the 
upper p, agreeing in this respect with Rh. fumigatus and 
differing from Rh. Deckent. 


Rhinolophus Hildebrandti eloquens, subsp. n. 


Diagnosis —A small race of Rh. Hildebrandti. Forearm 
57:°7-60 5 mm. 
Wings.—kh. Hildebrandti is among the largest species of 


type, of RA, a. Andersoni are immature (though apparently full-grown or 
very nearly full-grown) individuals, as proved by the still not ankylosed 
epiphyses of the metacarpals and phalanges, This must be borne in 
mind when comparing their measurements with those of the adult 
Rh. a. brachygnathus. It willbe seen that, notwithstanding their smaller 
size (and immature age), the specimens of 2h. a. Andersoni have markedly 
larger skulls and teeth than those of Rh. a. brachygnathus. 


new Rhinolophi from A/rica. 75 


its genus; Rh. H. eloqguens barely surpasses Rh. ferrum- 
equinum. The reduction in size affects mainly the forearm 
and metacarpals, far less the phalanges. In the length of 
the forearm the dargest specimens of Rh. H. eloquens fall 
short of the smallest individuals of the typical form ; this 
character, therefore, evidently affords a most reliable mark 
of distinction between the two races. As to the metacarpals, 
maximum measurements of Rh. H. eloquens approach, very 
closely, minimum measurements of Rh. H. typicus. 

Colour.—Rh. Hildebrandti (4 skins) is dark greyish “ drab” 
on the upperside, bright drab beneath. Rh. H. eloquens 
(3 skins) is tinged with “ wood-brown” above, next to 
“broccoli-brown” beneath. Base of the hairs, on the upper 
and under sides, dark smoke-grey. Immature individuals 
(1 skin) are slightly duller in colour than adults. 

Skull and dentition.— All the measurements markedly 
smaller than in typical Rh. Hildebrandti. The length of the 
upper and lower tooth-rows, as being almost quite indepen- 
deut of the individual variation, is the best character by 
which to distinguish between the skulls of the two forms 
(couf. measurements below). In Rh. Hildebrandti (6 skulls) 
the upper p? is nearly always present and easily perceptible; 
the lower p; very minute, but generally not completely 
wanting. In RA. H. eloguens p? is exceedingly small, hair-fine, 
even under a strong lens; ps3 (as it appears from examination 
of four skulls) almost always wanting, even in immature 
specimens. 

Type.—Ad. (sk.), unsexed. Entebbi, Uganda; collected 
and presented by F. J. Jackson, Esq. B. M. no. 99. 8. 4. 4. 
Three other specimens, from the same locality, are preserved 
in the Museum. 

Distribution —Probably the whole of the district sur- 
rounding Albert, Albert Edward, and Victoria Nyanza. 

Remarks.—\he present form is of great interest from a 
phylogenetic no less than from a zoogeographical point of 
view. Rh. Hildebrandit and Rh. fumigatus (= Antinorir) * 
form a well-defined group of species, agreeing in the general 
form of the ears, in the size and shape of the horseshoe, the 
sella, and the posterior connecting-process, in having the 
margins and front face of the sella clothed with long hairs, 
in the general form of the wings, the comparative shortness 
of the tail, and the more essential characters of the skull 

* Together with Lh. ethiops; but this species, although extremely 
interesting as the hitherto only known West-African representative of 


the group, ; has a more isolate position, differing much more from the two 
other species than these latter wter se. 


76 On new Rhinolophi from Africa, 


and dentition. Until now, however, the very large Rh. Hilde- 
brandti and its small counterpart, Rh. fumigatus, have been 
without any intermediate link, widely separated in size as 
well asin geographical distribution. Rh. H. eloquens greatly 
reduces the gap between the two species; in al/ the 
points in which RA. H. eloquens differs from Rh. Hildebrandti 
(ypicus, it approaches Rh. fumigatus—in size, in colour, in 
dentition. Rh. Hildebrandt is decidedly the most primitive 
form: the upper p? is distinctly perceptible, the lower ps; 
only occasionally wanting ; in the Uganda race p” is markedly 
reduced in size, p; almost always completely lost; in the 
northern Rh. fumigatus p’ is but very rarely present, p3 
never. Uganda, the typical locality of Rh. H. eloquens, is, so 
to speak, ‘“‘on the way”’ between the areas of Ah. Hildebrandti 
(from Mazoe to Mombasa) and Rh. fumiyatus (S. Somali 
aud Abyssinia). It is not improbable that, when the region 
between Uganda and Abyssinia is better explored, we shall 
have to regard Rh. Hildebrandti aud Rh. fumigatus no longer 
as distinct “species,” but rather as peripheral forms of one 
species, bound together by races intermediate in characters 
and in geographical distribution. 

The subjoined table of measurements gives the difference 
in size, from the smallest form of RA. fumigatus to the largest 
form of Rh. Hildebrandti. If I had been arranging the 
forms from a phylogenetic point of view, the order would 
have been just the reverse (the names of the races read from 
right to lett). 


th. fumigatus. Rh. Hildebrandti. 


S05 Wade ail oa) Ne ee eee 
Min. Max. Min. Max.) Min. 
mm. /[mm. mm. mm. mm. mm, 
SMe cafe whe 08's ols cede aerece cier 49°5 51 54 | 57-7 60°5 62 


Od MOtACHEBAL {6's 3% aio Va eaten on5| oe 36 388 | 39°83 42 | 42:3 
Athy TOUR BAN, bs Gi ts fos) k a A pI owe ats 36°8 37 41 |425 44 | 442 
DEL WNCTACHEHHIS. 1257. wh bss tepekis ey de 3 39 418 44 45:2 45:3 
Mandible, condylus to front of i incisors e a 158 }17'2 175) 188 
Front of upper canine to back of m® .... an 81 | 9 9-2 10 
lower canine to back of m, .... ee 85 | 96 10.) 108 


exsul, MP typica. | eloquens. | Ff. typica. 
Type. |7 ad. spems., 3ad.spems., 11 ad. spems., 
Ad. 1 skull. | 4 skulls. | 6 skulls. 


On new African Mammals. TH 


VII.—New African Mammals of the Genera Glauconycteris, 
Lutra, Funisciurus, Arvicanthis, Lophiomys, and Procavia. 
By OuprieLp THOMAS. 


Glauconycteris papilio, sp. n. 


Allied to G. vartegatus, Tomes, with which it has hitherto 
been confounded ; but the acquisition by the British Museum 
of the co-types of that species in the Tomes collection enables 
me to clear up the confusion. 

Size smaller than in varvegatus (forearm 41 instead of 45). 
General colour of the ends of the hairs above uniform clay- 
colour from head to rump, exactly matching the posterior 
back of vartegatus, but in the latter the head and shoulders 
are whitish, the clay-colour being only present posteriorly. 
Individually the hairs are pale slaty basally, then silvery 
cream-colour, the tips being pale brownish clay-colour. Under 
surface uniform cream-buff from chin to anus, the corresponding 
part of C. variegatus being white. Wings and interfemoral 
membrane variegated as in the allied species. Inner basal 
lobe of ear rounded. 

Skull as in G. variegatus, but shorter, while nearly as 
broad. Inner upper incisors similarly unicuspid; outer 
minute. 

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— 

Forearm 41 mm. 

Third finger, metacarpus 40, first phalanx 15, second 
phalanx 27; fifth finger, metacarpus 38, first phalanx 9, 
second phalanx 9 ; lower leg and foot (c, u.) 27. 

Skull: greatest length 13:2; median basal length 10:2; 
breadth of brain-case 8:2; front of canine to back of m? 5. 

Hab. (of type). Entebbi, Uganda. Other specimens from 
Gambaga, Gold Coast (Gifard), and Tette, Zambesi (Boyd 
Alexander). 

Type. B.M. no. 99. 8. 4.14. Collected 10th April, 1895, 
and presented by F. J. Jackson, Esq. 

Mr. Tomes’s collection contains six specimens of ‘ Scoto- 
philus variegatus,’ among which two labelled in his hand- 
writing can be identified as those of which he gave the 
dimensions in his original description *. Dobson’s state- 
ment that the type of this species was in the Berlin Museum 
was therefore erroneous. 


m 


The beautiful ‘ butterfly-bat”? now described has been 


* P.Z.S, 1861, p. 36. 


78 Mr. O. Thomas on 


hitherto considered by de Winton * and myself as G. varie- 
gatus, but it may be readily distinguished by the characters 
above described. 


Lutra capensis Hinde?, subsp. n. 


Two years ago I described the Abyssinian representative 
of the large Cape clawless otter (Lutra capensis) as a special 
subspecies under the name of Lutra c. Meneleki F. 

The British Museum has now received from Dr. 8. L. Hinde 
the skin and skull of an old male otter of this group from 
Fort Hall, British East Africa, where it had been found 
drowned in a native fish-net. The specimen was skinned 
and prepared by Mrs. Hinde, whose scientific enthusiasm in 
performing so serious a task is worthy of much admiration. 
The only other East-African otter that I have seen is the 
skin mentioned by W. L. Sclater t, which was taken in the 
Victoria Nyanza and sent home by Col. Delmé-Radeliffe ; 
but that having no skull is of little help for purposes of 
comparison. 

In external characters the Fort Hall otter agrees more 
closely with South-Atrican specimens than with that from 
Abyssinia, as it has the wool-hairs of the body broadly tipped 
with brown as in the former animal, while in the latter they 
are nearly wholly white. Throughout it is a dark form, the 
throat less white than in most members of the group, and the 
dark patches at the bases of the whiskers unusually weil 
marked. ars entirely brown, without white edging. 

The skull is remarkably small as compared with that of 
either the Abyssinian or Cape forms, and on this account I 
think it necessary to give a special name to the animal, calling 
it Lutra capensis Hindet. 'Vhe difference may be seen on a 
comparison of the measurements now given with those of the 
type of L. c. Meneleka. 

The forehead is narrow, the postorbital processes little 
developed, although the individual is an old one with much 
worn teeth, and the cranial ridges comparatively low. Nasal 
opening shaped as in Meneleki, but much smaller. ‘The teeth 
are of the usual character, but the upper molar is not so large 
in area or so produced postero-internally as it 1s in Meneleke. 

The following are the dimensions of the skull :— 

Basal length 118 mm.; zygomatic breadth 94; mastoid 
breadth 80; breadth of nasal opening 18; interorbital 


* Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xx. p. 317 (1897), and (7) iv. p. 354 (1899). 
+ PZ. 5. 1902, ti. p. 309. 
t P. ZS. 2908, 1p. 192, 


new African Mammals. 79 


breadth 29°5; tip to tip of interorbital processes 34:5; 
interorbital breadth 26°5; palate length (exclusive of median 
spine) 62°5; breadth of posterior palate 16 ; antero-posterior 
diameter of p* 12°9; greatest diameter of m* 17:5, antero- 
posterior diameter of its inner lobe 12:1. 

The length of the hind foot (s. u.) is 134 mm. ; ear 21. 

Hab. Fort Hall, Kenya District, British Hast Africa. 

Type. Old male, B.M. no. 4. 12. 6. 8. Presented by 
Mrs. S. L. Hinde. 

Since the above was written, Mr. F. J. Jackson has pre- 
sented to the Museum another specimen of this otter, also a 
male, obtained some years ago on Lake Naivasha. It 
agrees very closely with Mrs. Hinde’s example in colour and 
size, the basal length of the skull being 116 mm. The nasal 
opening, however, is narrower and higher, its shape being 
therefore less constant than might have been expected. 


Funisciurus pyrrhopus leonis, subsp. n. 


Closely allied to the Gold-Coast F. p. leucostigma, Temm., 
but with the following differences :—Middle of crown and 
top of muzzle dark olivaceous like the back, the rufous or 
yellowish which surrounds the eyes not extending across the 
muzzle as it does in lewcostigma. Lars larger, conspicuously 
white behind, the white forming also a prominent postauri- 
cular patch behind their posterior bases; in leucostigma, 
although there is some white behind the ears, it is much less 
conspicuous and less extended. Light lateral band narrower, 
Flanks a richer rufous than in lewcostigma; the outer sides of 
the hips especially rich rufous; in /ewcostigma the sides of the 
hips are only a dull suffused fulvous. Middle of underside of 

tail dull and inconspicuous rufous, instead of bright and 
prominent fulvous or rufous. 

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— 

Head and body 200 mm.; tail 150; hind foot (s. u.) 44; 
ear 12°5. 

Skull: greatest length 49; length of upper tooth-series 9°5. 

Hab. Bo, Sierra Leone. Altitude 120 m. 

Type. Female. B.M. no, 4, 11. 1. 5. Collected 20th 
January, 1904, by Mr. Robin Kemp.  ‘I'wo specimens. 

It is to be noticed that while the flanks and sides of hips 
are more rufous than in leucostigma, the muzzle and the under- 
side of the tail are less so. The white onand behind the ears 
is also noticeably more conspicuous. 


Arvicanthis setosus, sp. n. 


A pale-coloured species without dorsal stripes. 


80 Mr. O. Thomas on 


Size medium. Fur long, the ordinary hairs of the back 
about 11-12 mm. in length, profusely mixed with much longer 
bristly hairs, averaging 20-22 mm. in length on the rump. 
General colour pale yellowish grey, the hairs each with a broad 
buffy yellow subterminal ring, the whole very heavily lined with 
the black tips to the ordinary hairs. Tips of long sete of rump 
buffy yellowish. Under surface greyish white, the bases of the 
hairs slaty, their tips white ; no sharp line of demarcation on 
sides. Sides of muzzle and orbital rings yellow. Lars yel- 
lowish brown. Outer side of limbs like body; inner side 
thinly haired, but not naked, whitish ; upper surface of hands 
and feet dull buffy white. Tail black above, dull whitish 
below and on the sides. 

Skull of normal size and proportions, the incisors not un- 
usually large. Palatal foramina narrow, little open, reaching 
just behind the anterior point of m’. 

Dimensions of the type (measured by the collector) :-— 

Head and body “110” mm. (probably more) ; tail 112; 
hind foot 29; ear 17. 

Skull: greatest length 32; basilar length 26:3 ; zygomatic 
breadth 17; length of nasals 11; interorbital breadth 4:5 ; 
breadth of brain-case 14; palate length 14°5; diastema 8; 
palatal foramina 6°71 x 1°8 ; length of upper molar series 6°8 ; 
breadth of m? 2-1. 

Hab. Fra-Fra Country, Gold Coast Hinterland. Alt.150 m. 

Type. Male. B.M. no. 99. 6. 15, 18. Collected 7th 
February, 1899, and presented by Capt. W. Giffard. 

‘his species is much paler and yellower than A. rufinus, 
the only other W.-African species without dorsal lineation. 


Lophiomys testudo, sp. n. 


As long ago as 1898 Mr. F. J. Jackson made the first dis- 
covery of the remarkable genus Lophiomys in Kast Africa, 
and presented the specimen which he had captured at the 
Ravine Station to the National Museum. Being in doubt 
as to its relationship with the Somali Lophiomys Smithii, 
Rhoads, Mr. de Winton, when working out Mr. Jackson’s 
collection, made no reference to the Lophiomys, but afterwards 
incidentally mentioned it in Anderson’s‘ Mammals of Egypt’ *. 

In 1902 Mr. C. 8. Betton presented to the Museum two 
further specimens, which had been captured, the one by 
himself and the other by Mr. 8. Couper, in very much the 
same region. 

A comparison of this material with an Abyssinian example 


* P. 291 (1902). 


new African Mammals, 81 


of LZ. Imhausi?, and with Mr. Rhoads’s description * of 
L. Smithii, convinces me that the E.-African form is quite 
distinct from the others, and I would propose to call it 
Lophiomys testudo. 

Size smaller than in Z. Jmhaust, larger than in L. Smithiz. 
Long hairs of back about 65 mm. in length, broadly tipped 
with white on body, limbs, and tail. Underfur about 45- 
50 mm. long, as compared to 20 in L. Smithii, the length to 
the base of the black terminal band about 27 mm. Basal 
third of the underfur dark brown, middle third white, tip 
black, the contrast between the colours more marked than in 
L. Imhausi. Suborbital white spot well marked. Dark band 
dividing the frontal from the auricular white patch scarcely 
perceptible. Inner aspect of ears broadly margined above 
with white, but the lower half is dark brown, including the 
base of the outer margin. Hairs of lateral line olive. 
Under surface hoary grey, not darker along the median line. 
Upper surface of hands and feet blackish. Tail with its 
underfur mixed whitish and black, the tip for a length of 
about half an inch sharply contrasted white. 

Skull larger and, especially, markedly broader than in 
I. Smithii. Nasals narrower behind than in front. Inter 
orbital more than half the total frontal breadth. Small key- 
stone portion of squamosals separating the frontals from the 
rugose wing of the molars long antero-posteriorly (4°5 mm.), 
narrow (2 mm.) transversely. A marked angular concavity 
on the outer side of the maxillary zygomatic process just in 
front of the anterior angle of the malar. Palatal foramina 
comparatively short, ending just anterior to the front edge 
of m’. 

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— 

Head and body 296 mm.; tail 176 ; hind foot 44; ear 29, 

Skull: greatest length 58°2; basilar length 47-4; greatest 
breadth 37°5 ; nasals, length 20°5, anterior breadth 8-8, pos- 
terior breadth 7°5 ; interorbital breadth 13°5; greatest frontal 
breadth 24°2; palate length 2°7; diastema 15:1; palatal 
foramina 9°3x4°3; length of upper molar series 12:6. 

Hab. (of type). Ravine Station, British Hast Africa. 
Mr. Betton’s specimens from E] Burgon Station and Mile 513 
of the Uganda Railway. 

Type. Female. B.M. no. 99. 8. 4. 97. Collected 15th 
March, 1898, and presented by Mr. F. J. Jackson. 

This East-African representative of the genus Lophiomys 
differs from its nearest ally, L. Smithit, Rhoads, by its longer 


* Pr. Ac. Philad. 1896, p. 524. 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 6 


82 On new African Mammals. 


underfur, much broader skull (37:5 mm. as compared with 31), 
and shorter palatal foramina, which do not penetrate between 
the molars. 

There is a certain amount of difference between the typical 
skull obtained by Mr. Jackson and that presented by 
Mr. Betton in the detailed proportions of the parietals and 
squamosals and in the form of the anteorbital foramina ; but 
without further specimens it is impossible to express any 
opinion as to the cause or value of these differences. 

Since the above was written Mr. S. L. Hinde has presented 
to the Museum another specimen of this animal obtained by 
him on the Abudau Range at an altitude of 10,000 feet. It 
agrees with the type in all important respects. 


Procavia Gosling?, sp. n. 


A hypsodont species with an elongate orange-coloured 
dorsal spot. 

Fur rather short, though not harsh; hairs of back about 
16-17 mm. in length. General colour above from nape to 
rump dull sandy yellowish, something between Ridgway’s 
“isabella” and “clay-colour,” slightly speckled with black 
on the posterior back. Basal half of the hairs dark chocolate- 
brown. Under surface and inner side of limbs dark buffy, 
the line of demarcation on sides not sharply defined. Head 
greyish brown (“hair-brown”) without yellowish suffusion, 
conspicuously different from the rest of the upper surface ; top 
of muzzle darker. Ears of medium size, rounded, their outer 
surface yellowish grey, inconspicuously edged with black 
anteriorly; inner surface glossy yellowish. Outer side of 
limbs and upper surface of hands and feet to the hoofs greyish 
fawn, less suffused with yellow than the back. Dorsal spot 
narrow, elongate (40X7 mm.), its hairs uniformly deep 
orange from base to tip. 

Skull as usual in this group, its general proportions as 
shown by the measurements. 

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— 

Head and body 450 mm.; hind foot 67. 

Skull (stage ui.): basal length 72; greatest breadth 48 ; 
nasals 19 x 21°5; diastema 11; breadth of m’* 7:5; height 
of mi) 7-1. 

Hab. Nertang, Yerghum Oountry, Northern Nigeria. 
Alt. 360 m. 

Type. Immature male. Original number 24. Collected 
29th June, 1904, and presented by Capt. G. B. Gosling. 


On Eocene Shells from Nigeria. 83 


Native names: in Yerghum “Chium”; in Hausa, “ Rema.” 
—G. B. Gosling. 

This remarkably coloured dassy is quite unlike any species 
known to me. Its nearest ally is probably P. Kersting?, 
Matschie *, from E. Togoland, but that has wholly black 
backs to its ears, and the hairs of its dorsal spot are dark for 
their basal halves. 


VITI.—Locene Shells from Nigeria. 
By R. Butten Newron, F.G.S8. 


[Plate V.] 


THE names of the shells about to be described in this paper 
have already been published in list-form by the present 
writer T in ‘ The Geographical Journal’ for November 1904, 
accompanied by a digest of the literature bearing upon the 
paleontology of Nigeria and adjacent territories. 

The specimens were collected by Colonel G. 8. McD. 
Elliot, R.E., and Captain Lelean, R.A.M.C., of the Anglo- 
French Niger—Chad Boundary Commission, at Kalfu-Tamaskie 
and Garadimi, in Northern Nigeria, and subsequently presented 
to the Geological Department of the British Museum by those 
officers. 

A few general points of interest connected with these shell- 
remains are referred to in the following quotation, from the 
article in ‘The Geographical Journal’ :— 

*¢ Some of these specimens are preserved as limestone-casts, 
among them being several Lucina, which I have called 
L. ef. Menardiand L. ct. pharaonis, and which represent most 
probably the forms referred to in Lapparent’s papers as L. ef. 
gigantea. All three species, however, are typically Eocene, 
and have mostly been recorded from Egypt or Southern 
European countries. The specimens of Alectryonia cf. Mar- 
tins, originally described trom India by J. de C. Sowerby 
under the name of Ostrea orbicularis, help to support the 
theory that this ancient sea had an extensive eastward direc~ 
tion in Kocenetimes. The peculiar Ostreiform genus Vulsella 


* SB. Ges. Nat. Berl. 1899, p. 59. 

+ R. Bullen Newton, “‘ A Notice of some Marine Tertiary Fossils from 
Northern Nigeria, collected by Colonel G. 8. McD. Elliot, R.E., and 
Captain Lelean, R.A.M.C., of the Anglo-French Boundary Commission,” 
The Geographical Journal, 1904, vol. xxiv. pp. 522-524. 2 

6* 


84 Mr. R. B. Newton on 


may also be referred to as characteristically Eocene, whilst 
among the Gastropods Voluttlithes cithara is important from 
the distribution point of view, being known from the Eocene 
areas of England, Europe, Egypt, and India.” 

Moreover, everything seems to prove that this fauna is of 
Middle Eocene or Lutetian age, thus confirming the opinion 
of Professor A. de Lapparent *, who first made us acquainted 
with the presence of rocks of that horizon in the Soudan area 
of Africa, from’ an examination of fossils obtained by Captain 
Gaden at the same locality as yielded those collected by the 
British officers, viz. Tamaskie, which is said to be 400 kilo- 
metres west of Zinder. These fossils comprised the following 
Mollusca and Echinoids, the latter having been determined 
by M. Victor Gauthier :— 


Nautilus cf. Lamarcki, Deshayes. 
Mo.uuusca. Nerita (Velates) Schmideliana, Chemnitz. 
Lucina ef. gigantea, Deshayes. 
| Plesiolampas, sp. 0. 
Ecuinorea. , Linthia et. Ducrocqui, Cotteau. 
| Rhabdocidaris (Levocidaris). 


The distribution of Eocene rocks in African territory 
north of the Equator appears to be very considerable, since 
fossils have been recorded of that age from the Cameroons by 
Dr. Paul Oppenheim ft, which were obtained by Dr. Esch, 
the same paleontologist having also evidence of the Eocene 
formation at Dahomey from a shell submitted to him by 
Dr. Joh. Boehm ; and, again, Prof. G. Vasseur ¢ has reported 
the occurrence of Eocene Foraminifera found at a depth of 
230 metres in the kingdom of Senegal. In the more northern 
and eastern parts of Africa these rocks are again largely 
developed (including Marocco, Algeria, Egypt, Somaliland, 
&c.), so that it is quite certain that the Hocene sea must 
have covered an extensive area of that continent in ancient 
Tertiary times. 


* A. de Lapparent, “Sur les traces de la Mer Lutétienne au Soudan,” 
and ‘Sur de nouveaux fossiles du Soudan,” Comptes Rendus, 1903, 
vol. exxxvi. pp. 1118 & 1297. 

+ Paul Oppenheim, “ Vorlaufige Mittheilung iiber des auftreten von 
Eociin in Kamerun,” Centralblatt Mineralogie, Geol. u. Pal. (Stuttgart) 
1903, no. 12, pp. 378, 3874; “ Ueber Tertiirfossilien wahrscheinlich 
Kozanen alters, von Kamerun,” Beitrige Geologie von Kamerun, by 
Dr. Ernst Esch, &c., 1904, pp. 243-285, pls. vi—ix. 

{ S. Vasseur, “Sur la découverte du terrain nummulitique dans un 
sondage exécuté a Saint-Louis du Sénégal,” Comptes Rendus, 1892, 
vol, exxxiy. pp. 60-65. 


Eocene Shells from Nigeria. 85 


DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIMENS. 
LAMELLIBRANCHAIA. 


Ostrea rarilamella ?, Deshayes. 

Ostrea rarilamella, Deshayes, Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. i. 
pls. lxxxi., Ixxxii., & vol. ii. p. 109; Archiac, in Tchihatcheft’s ‘ Asie 
Mineure,’ Paléontologie, 1866-1869, pl. x. & pl. xi. fig. 1, p. 135; 
Zittel, Paleeontographica {Libyschen Wiiste]}, 1883, vol. xxx. p. exi. 


The specimen, referred doubtfully to this species, consists 
of a fragment of an upper valve without, however, its hinge- 
area. It shows great thickness of shell-structure (=13 milli- 
metres), somewhat distant lamellz of growth, and a portion 
of an extensive scar-impression. Beyond the scar-margin 
the surface of the valve is rounded, smooth, slightly undu- 
lating, and dipping towards the outer edge. In the absence 
of more perfect material, a closer determination is scarcely 
possible, although the general facies of the specimen com- 
pares favourably with the figures and descriptions of this 
species. 

Loc. Kalfu-Tamaskie. 

Collector. Colonel Elliot. 


Alectryonia cf. Martinsi, Archiac. 


Ostria orbicularis, J. de C. Sowerby, Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 1840, 
ser. 2, vol. v. pt. 2, pl. xxiv. fig. 8, non Linnzeus. 

Ostrea Martinsi, Archiac, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, 1850, sér. 2. 
vol. iii. pt. 2, pl. xiii. fig. 25, p. 438. 


This form is represented by two fragments of a small, 
depressed, suborbicular, and ostreiform shell having both its 
valves plicated, and therefore a true A/ectryonia. Its shape 
and the bifurcation of the strong, prominent, and rounded 
coste suggest affinities with A. Martins?, from the HKocene 
beds of Cutch and Biarritz, though probably the valves of 
that shell are rather more convex. 

Loc. Kalfu-Tamaskie. 

Collector. Colonel Elliot. 


Vulsella nigeriensis, sp.n. (Pl. V. figs. 4, 5.) 


The collection contains a small subcircular form of Vu/- 
sella of greater horizontal than vertical measurement. ‘The 
umbones are nearly central, divergent, and acute, whereas the 
sides of the valves are furnished with about nine convex 
radial coste separated by shallow grooves, which proceed 


8&6 Mr. R. B. Newton on 


from just below the umbonal area. Where the original shell 
is preserved, it is seen to be ornamented with very fine con- 
centric striations originating from the summits, having the 
tendency of rendering the radial coste somewhat indistinct. 
The specimen likewise possesses a well-sculptured triangular 
chondrophore (fig. 5), so characteristic of the genus, the outer 
posterior sides of which form a pseudo-alation extending from 
the divergent summits. 

Both valves of the specimen are in the closed condition. 

Vulsella is a characteristic genus of Kocene rocks, the 
present species mainly differing from other described forms 
in its rounder and more depressed valves. 

Dimensions. Umbono-ventral27 mm.; antero-posterior 30 ; 
diameter 11... 

Loc. Kalfu-Tamaskie. 

Collector. Colonel Elliot. 


Spondylus cf. subspinosus, Archiac. (PI. V. figs. 6, 7.) 


Spondylus subspinosus, Archiac, Mém. Soc. Géol, France, 1850, sér. 2, 
vol. iii. pt. 2, pl. xiii. fig. 1, p. 487 (Biarritz) ; and in Tchihatchett’s 
‘ Asie Mineure,’ 1866-1869, Paléontologie by Archiac, pl. xi. figs. 2, 3, 
p- 149; R. B. Newton, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1904, vol. lx, 
pl. xxiv. figs. 24 & 25, p. 289 (Turkey). 
This form of Spondylus, although related to 8. subspinosus, 
a species found in the Eocene rocks of Biarritz, Turkey, and 
Asia Minor, is slightly more convex, and has a greater 
number of coste, and consequently narrower longitudinal 
grooves. The sculpture-striations (fig. 7) are, however, very 
similar, being close together and nearly horizontal. The 
only example found was the larger or lower valve. 
Dimensions. Umbono-ventral 48 mm. ; antero-posterior 40; 
diameter 20. 
Loc. Kalfu-Tamaskie. 
Collector, Colonel Elliot. 


Cardium sp. 


This specimen consists of a rough cast showing no sculp- 
ture characters, but possessing closed valves with a greater 
height (= umbono-ventral measurement) than length (=antero- 
posterior measurement), and showing subcentral and rather 
convex umbones, the hinge-area being somewhat shortened. 
It is almost impossible from its condition of preservation 
to suggest any species with which this specimen might be 
related, although its oblong and subglobose form resembles 
Cardium gratum of Deshayes, a European Eocene species, 


Eocene Shells from Nigeria. 87 


which has recently been recorded by Oppenheim from 
Egyptian rocks of similar age (‘ Palezontographica,’ 1903, 
vol. xxx. part 3, p. 153). 

Dimensions. Umbono-ventral 40 mm.; antero-posterior 
(approximate) 37; diameter 24. 

Loc. Kalfu-Tamaskie. 

Collector. Colonel Elliot. 


The following casts of Luctna probably comprise what 
Prof. de Lapparent has referred to under the designation of 
Lucina ct. gigantea :— 


Lucina cf. Menardi, Deshayes. (PI. V. fig. 8.) 


Lucina Menardi, Deshayes, Desc. Coq. Foss. Paris, 1825, vol. i. pl. xvi. 
fies. 13 & 14, p. 94. 

Lucina Menardi?, Bellardi, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 1854, ser, 2, 
vol. xy. p. 188. 

This form is represented by three limestone-casts with 
closed valves in very fair condition of preservation. It is of 
larger size than L. pharaonis, and showing coarser radial 
striations. It differs also from ZL. gigantea in possessing 
more ventricose valves. 

One of the specimens (fig. 8) from Kalfu-Tamaskie exhibits 
the long, narrow, anterior adductor sear lying slightly above 
the pallial line. The size of the same specimen agrees with the 
published figures of Deshayes, which are said to be of natural 
size, a statement which, however, does not agree with the 
text, where greater dimensions are given. 

Dimensions (the Garadimi specimen). Umbono-ventral 
56 mm. ; antero-posterior 58 ; diameter 26. 

It is interesting to note in connexion with this determina- 
tion that Bellardi doubtfully referred an Egyptian fossil to 
this species. 

Locs. Kalfu-Tamaskie and Garadimi. 

Collectors. Colonel Elliot and Captain Lelean. 


Lucina cf. pharaonis, Bellardi. (Pl. V. fig. 9.) 

Lucina pharaonis, Bellardi, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 1854, ser, 2, 
vol. xy. p. 190, pl. ii. fig. 12; Oppenheim, Palzontographica, 1903, 
vol. xxx. pt. 3, pl. xili. figs. 1 & 2, and pl. xv. fig. 6, p. 124. 

Represented by natural casts with closed valves of various 

sizes, agreeing in its nearly circular shape and diameter with 
the same form from Egypt, as figured quite recently by 
Dr. Oppenheim and previously by Bellardi and others. The 
Nigerian casts exhibit numerous fine longitudinal striations 


88 Mr. R. B. Newton ns 


radiating from the umbonal area which are so characteristic 
of the internal surface-structure of Luciniform shells. 

Dimensions. Umbono-ventral, largest 52 mm., medium 46 ; 
antero-posterior, largest 59, medium 47 ; diameter, largest 23, 
medium 20, 

Locs. Kalfu-Tamaskie and Garadimi (fig. 9). 

Collectors. Colonel Elliot and Captain Lelean. 


Lucina sp. indet. 


Specimen consisting of a natural cast of a Luciniform shell 
with closed valves possessing nearly central umbones and 
exhibiting rather wide concentric sulcations. There are also 
obscure indications of an angulated posterior area. It is of 
oval shape, somewhat resembling Fimbria lamellosa ; but as 
that species has a more complicated sculpture, and is, more- 
over, without an angulated area, it need not be confused with 
the present specimen. 

Dimensions. Umbono-ventral 40 mm. ; antero-posterior 
58; diameter 26. 

Loc. Kalfu-Tamaskie. 


Collector. Colonel Elliot. 


Panopea sahariensis, sp.n. (PI. V. fig. 10.) 


Shell of transversely oval shape, of greater length than 
height, with anterior umbones and straight hinge-line. Valves 
inflated in the umbonal region, depressed posteriorly, and 
with nearly parallel dorsal and ventral margins. Sculpture 
consisting of rounded, equidistant coste, separated by fairly 
wide and shallow grooves. 

Dimensions. Umbono-ventral 26 mm.; antero-posterior 
(approximate) 50 mm. ; diameter 27. 

Shell related to Mya intermedia of James Sowerby, oc- 
curring in the Kocene deposits of Britain and Europe, but 
appearing to differ chiefly in its lesser umbono-ventral 
measurement, and the possession of nearly parallel dorsal and 
ventral margins. The sculpture is very similar, the broad 
equidistant suleations being clearly expressed. The dorso- 
posterior part of the valve shows an oblique depression 
extending from the umbonal region to the outer margin, 
whilst a second specimen proves that the anterior region was 
very short. 

‘Two fragmentary natural casts with closed valves repre- 
sent this form; that figured and described is imperfect 
anteriorly. 

Loc. Kalfu-Tamaskie. 

Collector. Colonel Elliot. 


Eocene Shells from Nigeria. 89 


GASTROPODA. 
Calyptrea nigeriensis, sp.n. (PI. V. fig. 3.) 


This form of Calyptrea is represented by a natural lime- 
stone-cast exhibiting fairly good external characters. It is a 
subglobular form, and possesses four slightly rounded, de- 
pressed whorls, the penultimate being of considerable depth 
(17 mm.) in front, whilst the last is fractured and imperfect. 
The surface of the later whorls is ornamented with numerous 
straight, longitudinal, radial riblets, which are fine at first, 
but which afterwards become coarser, being thickest near the 
slightly impressed suture. These radial lines show certain 
obscure asperities which indicate the former presence of minute 
spines. ‘lhe apical surface is apparently smooth. 

Dimensions. Summit to margin of basal fracture 44 mm. ; 
transverse diameter 50 mm. 

This species appears to show a relationship to C. aperta 
of Solander, from the European EKocenes. It is, however, of 
less conical form, more spreading and depressed in its volu- 
tions, and with a more regular and generally coarser sculpture ; 
the sculpture of C. aperta being of a vermicular character, 
and considerably more minute in the disposition of its spines. 
On the matrix of this specimen occurs the remnant of an 
Echinoid plate, with some prominent tubercles which may 
represent the genus Rhabdocidaris referred to in De Lap- 
parent’s account of fossils from this area of Africa. 

Loc. Kalfu-Tamaskie. 

Collector. Colonel Elliot. 


Volutilithes cithara, Lamarck. (PI. V. fig. 2.) 


Voluta cithara, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. 1822, vol. vii. 
p. 348; Deshayes, Desc. Coq. Foss. Paris, 1835, vol. ii. pl. xe. 
figs. 11, 12, p. 681; J. de C. Sowerby, Mineral Conchology, 1843, 
vol. vii. pl. 625, figs. 1,2, 3; id. Dixon’s ‘ Sussex,’ 1850, pl. v. fig. 17, 
p. 106; I. E. Edwards, Mon. Pal. Soc. 1854, pl. xxiii. fig. 6, p. 176; 
Archiac, Desc. Anim. Foss. Nummulitique l’Inde, 1854, pl. xxxii. 
figs. 4, 5, p. 325; Zittel, “ Libyschen Wiiste,” Paleontographica, 
1883, vol. xxx. p. cviii. 

Volutilithes cithara, Cossmann, Ann, Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1889, 
yol, xxiv. p. 195, 

Consists of a limestone-cast of a small compressed example 
of a Volutiform shell, resembling in every way the V. cithara 
figured by Archiac from India, especially his figure 4, 
which is likewise a cast. It exhibits the distant longitudinal 
cost with the smooth concave interspaces so characteristic of 
the species. ‘The specimen is very much worn, so that no 
oblique spiral lines are observable at the anterior end. This 


90 On Eocene Shells from Nigeria. 


is a frequently found Eocene shell of England, Europe, 
Egypt, and India. 

Dimensions. Length 85 mm.; max. diameter 19. 

Loc. Garadimi. 

Collector, Captain Lelean. 


Rostellaria cf. goniophora, Bellardi. (Pl. V. fig. 1.) 


Fusus goniophorus, Bellardi, Mem, R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 1854, ser. 2, 


vol. xy. pl. i. fig. 8, p. 181. 
Rostellaria goniophora, Blanckenhorn, Zeitsch. Deutsch. geol. Ges. 


1900, vol. lii. p. 446. 


A rather compressed limestone-cast of what appears to be 
an example of Bellardi’s Fusus gontophorus, from the Num- 
mulitic rocks of Egypt. It comprises three whorls, the 
earlier part of the spire being absent, on two at least of which 
can be traced an obtuse posterior angulation beneath the 
suture. The front or apertural view exhibits the presence of 
a sharp carination extending from the posterior corner of the 
mouth, beneath which on the base of the shell occur rather 
distant, elevated spiral lines. No anterior canal is preserved, 
the specimen showing a fractured surface where that would 
originally have been situated. The dorsal aspect closely 
resembles Bellardi’s figure ; and it is interesting, further, to 
note that Dr. Blanckenhorn records the species from the 
Alectryonia Clot-Beyi beds (= Lutetian) of the Fajum district 
of Egypt. 

Dimensions. Maximum diameter 25 mm. 

Loc. Garadimi. 

Collector, Captain Lelean. 


Turritella cf. egyptiaca, Mayer-Eymar. 


Turritella egyptiaca, Mayer-Eymar, Journ. Conchyl. [Paris] 1895, 
pl. ii. fig. 2, p. 41. 


Two fragmentary specimens most probably related to this 
species. The best preserved exhibits the basal whorl and 
part of the penultimate separated by a fairly deep suture. 
‘This last whorl bears three equidistant carinations and a more 
obtuse one on the anterior margin formed of two spiral lines 
very close to each other. Obscure spiral lines are also 
present on the areas between the carine. According to 
Mayer-Eymar, 7. egyptiaca ranges from Upper Cretaceous 
rocks (Garumnian) to Lower Tertiary (Londonian), 

Dimensions of last whorl, Height 19 mm. ; width 13 mm. 

Loc. Garadimi. 

Collector. Captain Lelean. 


On new Species of Helicarion, &e. 91 


Conus sp. 


This specimen consists of a very rough natural cast of 
a Conus probably related to C. deperditus ot Bruguiére, which 
is found in Eocene areas. It is of broadly conical form, 
exhibiting the last three volutions, and furnished with a 
suture which, in the cast, is deeply canaliculated or concave. 
There are no sculpture-markings of any kind preserved, nor 
is the anterior end complete, although its general contour 
and facies would suggest its connection with a form lke 
C. deperditus. 

Dimensions. Maximum diameter 35 mm. 

Loc. Garadimi. 

Collector. Captain Lelean. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE YV. 


With the exception of figure 7, all the figures are drawn of 
the natural size. 
Fig. 1. Rostellaria ef. goniophora, Bellardi, sp. 
Fig. 2. Volutilithes cithara, Lamarck, sp. 
Fig. 3. Calyptrea nigeriensis, sp. n. 
Figs. 4,5, Vulsella nigeriensis, sp.n. Fig. 5 shows the chondrophore. 
Figs. 6,7. Spondylus cf. subspinosus, Archiac. Fig. 7 shows the striated 
sculpture, magnified. 
Fig. 8. Lucina cf, Menardi, Deshayes. 
Fig. 9. Lucina cf. pharaonis, Bellardi. 
Fig. 10. Panopea sahariensis, sp. n. 


IX.—On new Species of Helicarion, Ariophanta, Eulota, 
Cyclotus (Eucyclotus), Lagochilus, and Diplommatina 
(Gastroptychia). By Hucu Futron. 


Helicarion rugosa, sp. n. 


Shell globosely depressed, thin, subtransparent, almost 
imperforate, light brown or horn-colour; whorls 4, slightly 
convex, upper whorls smooth, the lower covered with rugose 
spiral strie, underside of last whorl getting smoother towards 
the umbilicus, carinated at the periphery ; aperture suboval ; 
peristome simple. 

Maj. diam. 40; alt. 23 mm. 

Aperture: maj. diam. 23; alt. 20 mm. 

Hab. N. Borneo ( Waterstradt). 

This large and striking form is quite distinct from any 
other species known to me. 


92 Mr. H. Fulton on new 


Ariophanta innata, sp. n. 


Shell sinistral, depressed, broadly and deeply umbilicated, 
dark brown above, rather light yellowish brown below, with 
a dark spiral band about 2 mm. wide at the periphery of last 
whorl, apex smooth, other whorls with somewhat distant 
arcuate rugose strize, underside of shell polished and smoother 
than upper part; whorls 53, slightly convex, last rather 
sharply descending at about 3 mm. from the edge of the 
peristome ; aperture suboval, whitish within, the colour-band 
showing through; peristome slightly thickened, basal por- 
tion narrowly expanded and triangularly dilated at point of 
insertion, middle of upper margin slightly bent downwards, 
margins joined by a thin transparent callus. 

Maj. diam, 42 ; alt. 18 mm. 

Hab. Yunnan. 

In form and coloration this species bears a superficial 
resemblance to the Javan species A. Rumphit, Busch, but is 
readily distinguished by its coarser sculpture and broadly 
open umbilicus. 


Eulota flexibilis, sp. n. 


Shell subglobular, moderately umbilicated, very thin, dark 
green below, lighter with brownish tint on earlier whorls, 
with numerous oblique, somewhat conspicuous folds, traces 
of spiral lines under the lens; whorls barely 5, moderately 
convex ; aperture rather dark within ; peristome flexible, very 
thin and acute, owing to which it bends inwards, triangularly 
expanded at point of insertion. 

Maj. diam. 31; alt. 24 mm. 

Hab.? Probably Saghalien Island (Keppel Coll.). 

Very near FE. leta, Gould, var. Gudeana, Pils., but has 
half a whorl less, is somewhat more depressed in form, and 
has less shelly matter in its composition, in fact hardly any ; 
the whorls also increase more rapidly in size. 


Eulota (Euhadra) fiscina, sp. v. 


Shell subglobular, moderately but deeply umbilicated, of a 
rather thin substance, light golden straw-colour, apical whorls 
darker, last whorl encircled at the periphery by a dark brown 
band, which is continued at the suture of the middle whorls, 
getting narrower as it ascends, covered with close, con- 
spicuous, raised, oblique striz, with numerous oblique folds 
on the last whorl, the place of a former peristome marked by 
a broad brown stripe, ornamented above and below with very 


Species of Helicarion, &c. 93 


numerous impressed spiral lines, which can easily be seen 
without a lens; whorls 63, moderately convex, slightly 
depressed at suture of lower whorls, last descending ; aperture 
subcircular, almost white within, outer band showing clearly 
through ; peristome moderately expanded, margins brown. 

Maj. diam. 34; alt. 27 mm. 

Hab.? Probably Saghalien Island (Keppel Coll.). 

In form and coloration somewhat similar to EH. miranda, 
Smith, but more globose, and readily separated by its spiral 
sculpture. I had thought that it might possibly be a large 
form of EZ. serotina, Ad. ; but Mr. G. K. Gude, who possesses 
a co-type of that species, kindly informs me that Z. serotina, 
besides being smaller, is much smoother, its spiral sculpture 
is much weaker and the lines closer together. : 


Cyclotus (Eucyclotus) amabilis, sp. n. 

Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, solid, finely obliquely 
striated, some of the striz very conspicuous on underside of 
last half-whorl, yellowish brown, ornamented with short and 
rather distant narrow stripes (sometimes zigzag) of darker 
brown, these becoming obsolete on the last half-whorl; spire 
slightly raised; whorls 5, convex, regularly increasing ; 
aperture circular, whitish; peristome double at outer, single 
at columellar portion, the outer peristome being expanded at 
the upper part and forming a short canal at its termination ; 
operculum shelly, slightly concave, having 12 whorls. 

Maj. diam. 26; alt. 12 mm. 

Hab. N. Borneo ( Waterstradt). 

Chiefly distinguished from other species known to me by 
its large oblique aperture and well-produced Pterocyclus-like 
channel at upper junction of the peristome. 


Lagochilus proprium, sp. n. 

Shell moderately umbilicated, globosely turbinate, yellowish 
brown, ornamented on last two whorls with narrow, oblique, 
yellowish stripes; whorls 53, very convex, finely striated, 
with four spiral threads or lire on last whorl, the upper one 
ascending the penultimate whorl; aperture circular; peri- 
stome narrowly expanded, operculum normal. 

Maj. diam. 62; alt. 7 mm. 

Hab. Borneo (Keppel Coll.). 

At first I thought that this characteristic Lagochilus might 
be L. Keppeli, Godw.-Aust., but that species has more spiral 
threads and the peristome is more expanded. Some specimens 
are of a uniform rather light yellowish-brown colour, the 
stripes being absent. 


94 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


Diplommatina (Gastroptychia) electa, sp. n. 


Shell sinistral, oblong-conic, greyish brown, moderately 
solid, ornamented by fine and close-set oblique striz ; whorls 
8, distinctly convex, regularly increasing ; aperture subovate, 
orange within; peristome double, the inner part exserted 
forward and the outer expanded, orange-colour ; columella 
tortuous, expanded at point of insertion, bearing a distinct 
plait on the Jower part, which is continued within the aper- 
ture; two interior plaits or callosities are seen from the 
exterior, more plainly if the shell be wetted, the first appears 
as a perpendicular orange-coloured line commencing just 
above the point of insertion of columella and directed upwards, 
the other runs near to and parallel with the suture, and is 
situated just to the right of the aperture. 

Maj. diam. 34; alt. 65 mm. 

Hab. N. Borneo ( Waterstradt). 

This distinct species can easily be separated from D. ad- 
versus, Ad., by its more regular form, stronger sculpture, and 
more numerous whorls. 


X.—On Chelonethi, chiefly from the Australian Region, 
in the Collection of the British Museum, with Observations 
on the “Coxal Sac” and on some Cases of Abnormal 
Segmentation. By C. J. Wiru, Copenhagen. 


[Plates VI.-X. ] 


Tue observations included in this paper were all made 
on material belonging to the British Museum (Natural 
History). For the liberality with which the collections 
of Chelonethi were handed over to me I tender to the 
Director, Professor E. Ray Lankester, my best thanks, 
I am also grateful to Dr. W. T. Calman, because he assisted 
me with his extensive knowledge of literature, as well as 
to several members of the entomological staff, especially 
Col. Bingham, by whose kindness it became possible for me 
to investigate some specimens of Hymenoptera which were 
remarkable on account of their abnormal segmentation. 

In the following pages I have first given a revision of 
the Australian species of Chelifer, because I had occasion to 
examine a good many of the described species, and among 
them several typical specimens. In addition to these, I have 


ae 2 ee ee ee 


ee SS oe ee ee ee ee a 


on 


in the British Museum. 95 


described or redescribed several species from other parts of the 
world, which seemed to me of special interest. Owing 
to the fact that I have taken characters from several organs 
—for instance, the legs and antenne—hitherto more or less 
ignored by students of this group, it has been necessary to 
give rather long descriptions. In this paper I have no 
occasion to discuss the generic value of several of these 
characters, but refer to another paper which I hope to publish 
shortly. The same is the case with my studies on the coxal 
sac of Ch. socotrensis, sp. n., of which I have given a short 
description without comparison with the corresponding organ 
in other nearly related forms. With regard to the ecdysis, 
about which scarcely anything is found in the literature, I 
refer to the description of Ch. sculpturatus, Lewis (p. 122). 
Some cases of abnormal segmentation in Ch. sculpturatus, 
Lewis, and Ch. javanus, Thor., described in the third part of 
this paper, and compared with similar cases in other Arthro- 
pods and Annelids, are, perhaps, of more general interest. 


I.—Sysrematic Part. 


The following synopsis of the species of the genus Chelifer 
from the Australian Region, as well as of those from other 
parts of the world described in this paper, has been difficult 
to get into proper shape on account of the very incomplete 
descriptions of many species ; but, nevertheless, I hope that 
it will be fairly easy to identify most of the species by its 
help :— 


a. Femora and tibie of the palps beset with large 
subconical taborclesi:s:'2.... 45217. 2 sees eae sculpturatus, Lewis. 
b, Femora and tibiz of the palps without any 
tubercles. 
a. Femora of the palps at least three times 
longer than bruad. Fingers shorter than 
hand. 
a’. Trochanter of the palps distinctly broader 
than the femur. 
a’, Eyes distinct. Abdominal and tarsal 
“tactile” hairs present. 
a4. Hairs partly clavate; skin sha- 
groaned St. W es. te UL ed PO laysanensis, Sim.* 
b*. Hairs pointed; skin almost smooth ; 
tarsus iv. with median “ tactile” 
hair and only 1°5 times longer than 
femur iv. is high. Claws with 


* Ch. laysanensis, Sim., and Ch. megasoma, Dad., each occur twice in this 
synoptic key, because the characters used under a'-)' and a*-0* are not 
mentioned in the original descriptions. 


96 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


anterior tooth; fingers without 
accessory teeth ......+..+seeee8 
b°, Eyes or ocular spots not present. Ab- 
dominal and tarsal “tactile” hairs 
wanting; tarsus iv. at least twice 
longer than the femur is high ; claws 
without teeth; fingers with accessory 
teeth. 

a’, Femora of the palps without stalk, 
gradually widened out towards the 
extremity, four times longer than 
broad ; inner margin of hand only 
slightly conveX ...+...+sseeeees 

&°, Femora of the palps without stalk, 
not gradually be rather abruptly 
widened out and broadest in the 
middle, less than four times longer 
than broad; inner margin of hand 
distinctly convex..........++..4 

b?, Trochanter of the palps not broader than 
femur. Femora stalked and not gradu- 
ally widened out distally. 

a®, Eyes distinct ; hairs of tergites clavate, 
not pointed ; two transverse grooves; 
abdominal “ tactile’ hairs present. 

a’. Skin shagreened ; hand a little longer 
than fingers... wee ee eee 

8, Skin with low granules ; hand much 
longer than fingers; tarsus iv. with 
terminal tactile hair and _ twice 
longer than the femur is high ; claws 
with anterior tooth ..........5... 

bs, Eyes wanting ; hairs pointed; no trans- 

verse grooves (?); hand much longer 

than HNGETS 2. ws seek ce ene sen ue 

b'. Femora of the palps not three times longer 
than broad ; eyes wanting. 

a’. Hairs of palps not always pointed, partly 
clavate or obtuse. 

a, Hairs of palps partly clavate. Femur 
not longer than tibia. 

a, Hand distinctly (15) longer than 
fingers ; inner margin of hand con- 
VOR, NOt SOMIICITEMMAT 605s wieretelet = 

6°, Hand not or only slightly (12) 
longer than fingers. 

a, Finger longer than the hand is 
high; inner margin of hand not 
semicireuler iijx..tischhs asamwrer 

b, Finger as long as the hand is high ; 
innermargin of hand semicircular ; 
tarsus iv. without tactile hair and 
2-5 longer than the femur is high ; 
fingers with accessory teeth; 
lower tubercle of the trochanter 
rounded, not subconical ........ 


bifissus, Sim. 


hawaiiensis, Sim. 


pacificus, sp. 0. 


7 
laysanensis, Sim.* 

. 
socotrensis, sp. 1. : 
megasoma, Daday.* : 


equatorialis, Daday. 


scorptoides, Herm. (?). 


australiensis, Sp. 0. 


in the British Museum. 97 


b°, Hairs of palps not clavate, but obtuse ; 
femur distinctly longer than tibia; 
fingers a little shorter than hand and 
longer than the hand is high; tarsus iv. 
with median “tactile” hair; fingers 
with accessory teeth; lower tubercle 
of trochanter subconical ........... . brevispinosus, Keys, 
6°. Hairs of palps pointed. 
a'*, Tubercles of the trochanter exceed- 
ingly long, at least one subconical ; 
ocular spots; no transverse grooves; 
tarsus iv, with basal “ tactile” hair 
and only 1:3 longer than the femur is 
Wich trncten sta wae cam ce vacate farce equester’, Sp. N, 
b'?. Tubercles of the trochanter moderate 
or wanting. 
a'®, At least one transverse groove. 
a‘, Fingers much shorter than hand, 
not longer than the hand is high ; 
GCI AE APOUS Ay. wee ei as otek at pallipes, White. 
6, Fingers almost as long as hand. 
a’, Ocular spots wanting; fingers 
scarcely shorter than hand, 
with accessory teeth ; tarsus iv. 
with median “ tactile” hair .. pygmeus, Keys. 
61°. Ocular spots present; fingers 
distinctly shorter than hand ..  ramosus, Keys. 
615, No transverse grooves; fingers dis- 
tinctly shorter than hand. 
a‘®, Femora more than twice longer 
than broad ; no ocular spots .... megasoma, Daday.* 
6'8. Femora of the palps only twice 
longer than broad. 
a, Hairs of the tergites within a 
distinct white spot .........% punctatus, Keys. 
6'", Hairs not situated in distinct 
white spots; hand higher than 
broad, distinctly longer than 
Fi GOP a6 ces: Geeta sw eee a brevidigrtatus, Keys. 


Geographical Distribution. 


The following species of Pseudoscorpiones are known from 
the Australian Region :— 

From the Australian continent: Chelifer australiensis, 
sp. n.; Ch. brevidigitatus, Keys.; Ch. brevispinosus, Keys. ; 
Ch. punctatus, Keys.; Ch. pygmeus, Keys.; Ch. ramosus, 
Keys. ; Olpium longiventer, Keys. 

From New Guinea: Chelifer equatorialis, Dad.; Ch. mega- 
soma, Dad.; Ch. scorpioides, Herm.; Chthonius Wiassicsi, 
Dad. ; Ideobisium bipectinatum, Dad. 

From New Zealand: Chelifer pallipes, White. 

From New Caledonia: Obisium antipodum, Sim. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 7 


98 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


From Funafuti: Garypus longidigitatus, Rainbow ; Obisium 
antipodum, Sim. (7). 

From Sandwich Islands: Ch. bifissus, Sim. (?) ; Ch. hawai- 
iensis, Sim.; Ch. pacificus, sp. n.; Garypus personatus, Sim, 

From Laysan: Ch. laysanensis, Sim. 

I will prove later on (p. 100) that it is doubtful if the 
specimens of Ch. bifissus, Sim., from Sumatra and Hawaii 
really are the same species. The occurrence of Ch. scorpi- 
oides, Herm. (Daday, 4, p. 477),in New Guinea and Odistum 
antipodum, Sim. (Rainbow, 5, p. 108), at Funafuti cannot be 
accepted without further investigation. Olpium (Ampli- 
olpium) longiventer, Keys., has been found on Hawaii and 
Funafuti according to Simon (9, p. 519) and Pocock (6, 
p- 821). I have examined the original specimens determined 
by these two naturalists, and a detailed investigation has 
convinced me that they are different from each other as well 
as from Olpium longiventer, Keys., and are most naturally 
referred to the genus Garypinus, Daday. 


Description of Species. 


Under the heading “ Measurements” in the following 
descriptions the first figure in each case gives the greatest 
length of the organ referred to. The figures within brackets 
give, in the case of the body, antennz, and palps, the breadth, 
or, when there are two figures, the greatest and least breadth, 
In the case of the legs the figures within brackets refer to 
the height of the joints. 


Chelifer bifissus, Sim. (Pl. VI. figs 1 af.) 

1899, E. Simon, (8) p. 121. 

1900. E. Simon, (9) p. 517. 

Cephalothorax.—The eyes are indistinct. The cephalo- 
thorax, which is slightly longer than broad, possesses two 
rather indistinct transverse grooves, which are almost straight. 
The second thoracic tergite has an indistinct longitudinal 
line. The smooth and brilliant skin bears short and dentated 
hairs. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen, which is longer than broad, has 
the tergites of almost equal length as well as breadth, with 
the exception of the first three, which are shorter. The 
second to the tenth sclerites are divided by an indistinct 
longitudinal line ; the sclerites are almost smooth and with a 
hindmost marginal row of rather long hairs, with some distal 
teeth ; the median segments possess at least one lateral hair 


an the British Museum. 99 


in front of the row on each side; the eleventh tergite bears 
one pair of “tactile” hairs in addition to the usual, which 
are long and placed without order. The lateral membranes 
are provided with densely placed longitudinal wrinkles or 
ridges. The fourth to the eleventh sternites are scarcely 
different from the corresponding tergites. 

Antenne (fig. 1 a).—The flagellum seems to consist of three 
almost simple hairs. The immovable finger bears on the 
inner dorsal margin some few minute teeth just behind the 
tip and farther backwards three larger. The galea (fig. 1 a), 
which is scarcely longer than the distal curved hair, has at 
least six distal teeth. The serrula is composed of about 25 
rather high teeth, of which the basal one has the usual wide 
flap. 

Mazille.—The maxille, especially their distal portion, 
which is surrounded by a broad, exteriorly dentated lamina, 
are provided with many hairs. 

Palps (fig. 1 6).—The palps are smooth, with the exception 
of the exterior surface of the trochanter. The hairs are 
rather scarce, slender, broken, and distally provided with a 
tooth ; they appear rather long, especially on the inner side. 
The fingers possess several tactile hairs. The trochanter, 
which has a rather long stalk, is distinctly longer than broad ; 
its inner outline is evenly convex, its outer more abruptly so ; 
a slightly marked upper protuberance is present. The femur, 
which has a short rather distinct stalk, is not so broad as the 
trochanter; the inner surface is in the proximal half slightly 
convex and in the distal slightly concave; the outer side is 
evenly convex. The ¢ibia, which has a moderately short but 
distinct stalk, is shorter than the femur and a little broader ; 
the inner surface is beyond the notch, which marks off the 
stalk, moderately convex; the stalk has exteriorly a basal 
prominence, which forms part of the articulation, and a distal 
low elevation separated from the former by a little notch; 
the joint proper is at first almost straight and then distinctly 
convex. The hand, which is almost as long as but broader 
than the tibia, is evenly convex both inwards and outwards ; 
it is broader than high and distinctly longer than the fingers, 
which scarcely gape when closed. 

Coxe.—The third and the second pairs of coxe are of 
almost equal breadth and widened out distally; the fourth 
pair, which is almost as broad basally as distally, is as broad 
as the third is at the end; the hinder margin is almost 
straight and forms an obtuse rounded angle with the inner. 

Legs (figs. 1 e-f).—The scarce hairs of the legs are almost 
all provided with one or two minute teeth distally, and 


7* 


100 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


broken ; the hairs of the ventral side are the longer; near the 
tip of the tarsus some simple hairs are found. The dorsal 
“tactile” hair of the fourth tarsi is nearer to the base than 
to the tip and scarcely shorter than the tarsus ; dorsally near 
to the base of the claws there is a pair of curious hairs. 
The posterior hair of tarsus iv. (fig. 1) is rather slender, and 
becomes suddenly thinner near the tip, where it is bifurcate ; 
the lower branch is very slender, much the longest, and almost 
straight, while the upper is very short, most similar to a 
tooth (fig. 1f). The anterior hair is distinctly curved, rather 
suddenly pointed, and with a little dorsal tooth near the tip ; 
the shape of this hair is consequently very similar to that 
found in Chelifer javanus, Thor., &c. ‘The posterior hair 
of the first pair of tarsi is comparatively shorter than that of 
the fourth pair, and has the lower branch slightly curved 
downwarécs (fig. 1 e) as in Ch. socofrensis. The anterior hair 
is moderately long and thick, and its distal enlarged portion 
bears at least three teeth. The claws possess a well-developed 
anterior tooth near the tip. The areola is shorter than the 
claws. The legs are short and rather stout ; the trochantin 
of the first pair is very long. The tibia, which is moderately 
enlarged distally, is distinctly longer than the shghtly pointed 
tarsus; the tarsus of the fourth pairs is comparatively much 
longer than the tarsus of the first. 

Colour.—The palps are reddish brown; the cephalothorax 
is briliant dark brown; the abdominal tergites are lighter 
brown and not brilliant. The coxe and the maxille are 
reddish brown, lighter than the palps ; the legs are yellowish 
brown. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 0°560 (0°520) ; abdomen 
1:300 (0°896) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°308 (0°175); femur 0°550 (0:153) ; 
tibie 0°513 (07189); hand 0°495 (0°257), height 0-225; 
fingers 0°380 mm. 

Leg i.: femur 0°220 (0°120), trochantin 0°180; tibia 
0:216 (0°U81) ; tarsus 0°171 (0°053) mm. 

Leg iv.: femur 0°405 (0°153), trochantin 0°171; tibia 
0:315 (0:099) ; tarsus 0°216 (0°063) mm. 

Material, Remarks.—1 have examined Simon’s specimen 
‘from Olaa Hawai. Mons. Simon writes :—‘ Le Ch. bifissus 
de Hawaii ne differe en rien de celui de Sumatra.” I have 
not had occasion to examine specimens from India, but, to 
judge from the description (8, p. 121), there are some differ- 
ences not quite without importance. I hope my description 
will make it possible for those who have specimens from the 
latter region to settle the question whether the Pacific and 


in the British Museum. 10L 


Indian specimens belong to the same species. The characters 
in which the Hawaii specimen differs seem to be the fol- 
lowing :—The femur has a distinct stalk and is not so broad 
as the tibia; the hand is distinctly broader than the tibia 
and longer than the fingers ; the galea is not simple, 


Chelifer australiensis, sp. n. (Pl. VI. figs. 2 a-g.) 


Cephalothoray.—The eyes or ocular spots are missing. 
The cephalothorax, which is as broad behind as it is. long, 
becomes gradually narrow in front; the sides are straight or 
almost so, passing gradually into the front margin through a 
moderate convexity. Two dark rather distinct grooves or 
lines are present; the first is nearly straight, while the 
second is moderately curved forwards in the middle; both 
grooves are, as usual, widened out laterally, showing that they 
represent the interarticular membrane between the convex 
anterior and posterior margins of the adjacent somites. The 
skin is minutely granular and provided with moderately 
short clavate hairs, of which the most prominent are set in 
transverse rows along the front margin of the head and the 
hindmost margins of the two tergites. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen, which is almost as broad as 
long, is broadest just behind the middle. The sclerites of 
the tergites are of almost equal breadth, but the first three 
are, as usual, the shortest; the himder margin of each 
sclerite covers the front margin of the following. There 
seem to be traces of lateral projections or keels on the tergites. 
The sclerites, with the exception of the eleventh, are divided 
by a longitudinal line. Their granulation is better marked 
than that of the cephalothorax. About thirty rather short 
but distinctly clavate hairs are placed along the hinder margin 
of the sclerites ; besides, a single hair is placed laterally in 
front of the row on all the tergites with the exception of the 
first three ; the last ones have, in addition, a median pair in 
front of the row. The hairs of the eleventh tergite are more 
irregularly arranged, and there seem to be no long, slender, 
pointed “ tactile” hairs. 

The lateral membranes possess densely placed undulated 
ridges. The fourth to the tenth sternites are, like the tergites, 
longitudinally divided; there is an increase in their length 
as well as in breadth from before backwards ; the fourth 
is only half as broad and two thirds as long as the tenth 
sternite. The sclerites bear hairs along their hinder margins, 
which are less distinctly clavate, especially those of the front 
sternites, where they are almost simple. 


102 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


The sexual area consists of a semilunar hairy plate bebind 
the genital opening; in front and between the coxz there is 
a long and broad plate, which has the hindm st margin 
slightly concave in the middle and is provided with many 
hairs ; laterally this plate is nearly connected with the corners 
of the posterior plate. In the area between the two plates 
several minute internal organs are seen through the integu- 
ment (fig. 2a). 

Antenne (figs. 2 b-c).—The flagellum (fig. 26) is com- 
posed of four hairs, of which the foremost is the longest and 
the hindmost the shortest; they are all, especially the first 
and fourth, provided with a few teeth along the front margin. 
The four hairs are so closely connected at the base that 
probably they can only be moved together. The immovable 
finger bears about five teeth on the inner dorsal margin. 
A well-developed /amina exterior is present, as well as a 
lamina interior ; the latter has a strongly folded plate-shaped 
portion which, when seen from below, covers the proximal 
dentated lobes. These lobes are placed obliquely to 
the longitudinal axis of the finger and directed forwards 
and downwards, each covering the hinder or basal margin 
of the following when seen in ventral view. The terminal 
spine, which seems to be placed on a slightly higher level 
than the lobes, has four teeth. The galea (fig. 2c) is 
moderately long and slender and distally provided with five 
teeth of different sizes. The serrula exterior consists of 
about twenty-nine teeth, of which the median ones are the 
shortest and almost squarely truncate ; the basal tooth is 
distinctly longer than the following, but only slightly enlarged 
distally ; the last one is, again, a little more pointed and 
longer than the preceding. 

Maville (fig. 2.a).—The maxillz are granular and densely 
covered with rather long, slender, and distally dentated 
hairs. The lamina mazaillaris is rather short. 

Palps (figs. 2d-e).—The palps are indistinctly granular 
and everywhere beset with ratner long, more or less cla\ate 
hairs; those of the fingers are pointed and amongst them are 
some tactile hairs. ‘The trochanter, which is longer than 
broad, has a distinct stalk; the inner side has an almost 
semicircular outline from the stalk to near the tip; the outer 
side bears two blunt prominences, of which the ventral and 
proximal is the longer, while the more dorsal is less marked. 
The femur, which is twice as long as brvad and broader than 
the trochanter, has a distinct stalk ; this is most marked 
when seen from the side, because the upper surface is much 
more distinctly and suddenly raised than the exterior; the 


tn the British Museum. 103 


inner side beyond the stalk is first moderately convex, and 
thereafter concave, while the outer side is regularly convex 
from the base to the tip. The ¢ibia is as long as and dis- 
tinctly broader than the femur, with a rather long and well- 
marked stalk ; the inner side has first a deep notch to mark 
off the stalk, but is thereafter distinctly convex to near the 
tip, where a gentle concavity is found. The outer side, 
beyond the low basal protuberance which forms part of the 
articulation and the following low concavity of the stalk, is 
convex to near the tip, where a short low concavity is found. 
The hand (figs. 2d-e), which is a little shorter than the 
tibia, but 1-4 times broader, is higher than broad, almost as 
high as long, and as high as the fingers are long. The 
curvature of the upper and inner surfaces, which are almost 
semicircular, is more marked than that of the lower and 
outer. The fingers, which gape slightly when closed, are 
provided with the usual row of triangular teeth ; the immov- 
able finger bears also on the inner side four accessory teeth 
behind the distinctly hooked tip, and at some distance from 
these four others near the middle; on the outer side there 
are‘about nine of these teeth distally. The movable finger 
also bears a few on the inner and outer side near the tip. 

Core (fig. 2a).—The first pair of cox are almost 
trapezoid ; the two following pairs are nearly triangular, as 
the inner margin is very short; the fourth pair havea similar 
shape, but the inner side is broader and the intero-posterior 
angle is obtuse and rounded. 

Legs (figs. 2f-g).—The legs are moderately long and 
slender; the hairs, especially the dorsal, are more or less 
enlarged distally, with a number of minute spines in all 
directions ; this kind of hair is called clavate. The hairs on 
the ventral surface of the tarsi are almost simple; on each 
side of the claw there is a strongly curved hair corresponding 
to the bifurcated one found in Ch. cancroides, L. (ef. p. 120). 
The tarsus of the fourth pair of legs has some longer pointed 
hairs near the claws, but does not bear an inner “tactile” 
hair, in contrast to most other species with the exception of 
Ch. cimicoides, F, The trochantin of the first pair with a 
well-marked stalk. The tibia, which is distinctly longer than 
the tarsus, is, like the latter, enlarged distally ; this difference 
in length between the two segments is, as usual, yet more 
marked on the fourth pair of legs. 

Colour.—The maxillz, palps, and cephalothorax are bright 
reddish brown (the two black transverse grooves excepted) ; 
the cox and legs are lighter; the sclerites of the abdomen 


104 Mr..C. J. With on Chelonethi 


are yellowish brown, but sometimes with a blackish shade ; 
longitudinal line white. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 1°54 (1:54) ; abdomen 3°0 
(2°38) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°738 (0590) ; femur 1:40 (0°644) ; 
tibia 1-484 (0°728); hand 1:372 (1-092), height 1-222 ; 
finger 1:232 mm. 

Leg i.: femur 1:12 (0°308), trochantin 0°504 ; tibia 0°840 
(0196) ; tarsus 0'°728 (0°144) mm. 

Leg iv.: femur 1:484 (0°392), trochantin 0°476; tibia 
1:26 (0°224) ; tarsus 0°868 (0°171) mm. 

Material &c.—Two males of this species, which seem to be 
related to Ch. cimicoides, F., were collected by Mr. W. W. 
Froggart in Queensland. 


Chelifer hawaiiensis, E. S. 
(Pl. VI. fig. 3a; Pl. VII. figs. 1 af.) 


1900, E. Simon, (9) p. 518. 


Cephalothorax.—No eyes or ocular spots are visible. The 
cephalothorax, which is a little longer than broad behind, is 
provided with two transverse grooves; these are slightly 
curved forwards, but the hinder is very indistinct. ‘The skin 
is minutely granular; short, distally enlarged, and dentated 
hairs are abundant. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen, which 1s distinctly longer than 
broad, has its tergites of almost equal breadth, with the excep- 
tion of the first three, which are a little shorter ; the front 
as well as the hinder margins of all the tergites are almost 
straight. The sclerites are indistinctly developed, as in so 
many forms of Garypus, minutely granular, and provided 
with a row of short hairs along the hindmost margin. The 
sternites (iv.-xi.) are similar to the tergites. ‘The genital 
area is rather indistinct in the type specimen, but seems to 
be similar to that of the other female. In this we observe a 
plate, the hindmost margin of which is strongly chitinized 
and with a row of hairs. Between this plate and the cox 
we find a number of rather stout pointed hairs, articulated in 
deep and wide cavities. 

Antenne.—-The galea is broken distally, but seems rather 
stout and with a short branch near the base. 

Mazille—The maxille are short and broad; they are 
shagreened laterally, but smooth in the middle, and provided 
with a few short poited hairs. 

Palps (fig. 1a).—Only the exterior surface of the tro- 


in the British Museum. 105 


chanter and the interior of the femur and tibia are minutely 
shagreened; the low flat granules of the hand are very 
indistinct. Rather short and more or less dentated hairs are 
abundant everywhere; those of the fingers, which, besides, 
bear tactile hairs, are more slender and simpler. The arrange- 
ment of the tactile hairs (Pl. VI. fig. 3a) seems to be 
similar in the two specimens: most conspicuous are two 
placed very near to each other at the base of both fingers 
exteriorly ; two others are placed more distally on each finger. 
Interiorly there are two close to each other near the base and 
a single one distally; dorsally there are a few. The ¢ro- 
chanter, which has a long stalk, is distinctly longer than 
broad ; its inner surface is evenly convex to near the tip; the 
outer is suddenly convex, almost similar to a protuberance ; 
under this and separated from it by a longitudinal depression 
there is a less-marked more even convexity, which is, perhaps, 
the real exterior outline of the joint. The femur has no 
marked stalk, is narrower than the trochauter, and about 
4°5 times longer than broad distally ; it is gradually enlarged 
distally ; the inner surface is, after a shallow notch and low 
elevation, almost straight; the outer is, beyond a basal short 
concavity, almost straight proximally, but distinctly convex 
distally. The ¢ébta, which has a rather short and not very 
well-marked stalk, is a little shorter and broader than the 
femur ; the inner surface, beyond the distinct basal notch, is 
almost straight; the outer has a well-marked basal promi- 
nence and a low elevation where the stalk passes into the 
joimt proper; between these two there is a shallow notch ; 
the outline, beyond the above-mentioned elevation, is almost 
straight and at last convex. The Aand, which is as long as 
but only 1:46 broader than the tibia, is slightly convex imte- 
riorly, but almost straight exteriorly; it is 2°5 longer than 
broad, a little broader than it is high, and a trifle longer 
than the fingers, which gape slightly when closed. Besides 
the usual marginal row of teeth, which are rounded basally 
and conical distally, the fingers bear accessory teeth, the 
number and position of which differ in the two specimens 
examined. The one (Pl. VI. fig. 3a, a) had along the inner 
side of the immovable finger eight teeth, of which the first 
three near the middle were divided distally; the movable 
finger possesses four inside. Exteriorly the immovable finger 
bears about nine accessory teeth and the movable four; ail 
these are placed more or less near to the middle, In addition 
to these teeth we find a number of organs (fig. 38 a, a) which 
seem to bear some similarity.to those described by Hansen 
(15, p. 217). The other specimen differs from that described 


106 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


in minor details with regard to the number and arrangement 
of these teeth. 

Coxe.—The coxz are very similar to those of Ch. austra- 
liensis, sp. n. (Pl. VI. fig. 2@), but are more slender; the 
third is not so broad distally as the second, and the fourth 
pair not enlarged towards the extremity. 

Legs (figs. 1 6-d).—The rather short hairs of the first pair 
of legs are almost simple ventrally, but with a distal tooth, or 
broken dorsally ; the hairs of the fourth pair of legs, at least 
- along the dorsal side of the femur and tibia, are distinctly 
enlarged distally and provided with a distal and some lateral 
spines. The dorsal “ tactile” hair of the fourth tarsus 1s 
wanting, unless a rather short, pointed, and simple one near 
the base of the claws represents it; I was not able to make 
out whether this hair was paired or single. The hairs which 
are found on each side near the base of the claws are mode- 
rately curved and without a distinct tooth distally (fig. 1 d). 
The claws are very slender and longer than the areola. The 
legs are exceedingly long and slender. The trochantin of 
the first pair of legs (fig. 1) is rather short; the femur is 
much longer (5°3) than high; the tibia, which is moderately 
enlarged distally, is a tritle longer than the tarsus. The 
trochanter of the fourth pair of legs (fig. 1 ¢) is almost twice 
as long as high; the femur is much (4°3) longer than high, 
and only 1°7 times longer than the tarsus; the tibia is 
distinctly longer than the tarsus, which is 2°6 longer than 
the femur is high. 

Colour.—The palps, maxille, and cephalothorax are pale 
yellowish brown; the femur and tibia are lighter than the 
other joints of the palps. The abdomen is brownish in the 
one specimen with indistinct darker spots, in the other more 
yellowish with more distinct dark sclerites. The cox and 
legs are yellowish. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 1'4 (13); abdomen 3°6 
(2:0) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°700 (0°420); femur 1°624 (0°344) ; 
tibia 1°316 (0°364); hand 1°344 (0°532), height 0-504; 
fingers 1-092 mm. 

Leg i.: femur 0°960 (0°180), trochantin 0°356 (0°204) ; 
tibia 0616 (0°130) ; tarsus 0°588 (0°100) mm. 

Leg iv.: femur 1:134 (0°252), trochantin 0°392; tibia 
0°840 (0°150) ; tarsus 0°672 (0°120) mm. 

Material.—I have examined two females: the one, which 
is probably Simon’s androtype, is dilated by eggs; the other, 
which has a small bundle of eggs attached to the genital area, 


in the British Museum. 107 


has a smaller abdomen, with more distinct colours and slightly 
longer palps. 


Variety. 


Cephalothoraw.—The transverse grooves are very indis- 
tinct, but the granulation much better marked. 

Abdomen.—The first three very short tergites have the 
hindmost margin distinctly convex and the foremost concave ; 
the median tergites have both margins more or less straight, 
while the last ones have the anterior margin convex and the 
posterior concave. The sclerites are well developed and 
divided by a broad longitudinal line where the skin is dis- 
tinctly reticulated. The hairs are evidently clavate; the 
eleventh tergite possesses a number of very small round 
spots similar to those found in Ch. equester, sp. n. (¢f. p. 124). 
The genital area seems to be different from that found in the 
typical specimen. 

Antenne (P). VII. fig. 1 e).—The flagellum is composed of 
four hairs, of which the anterior longer one bears many mar- 
ginal teeth, while the second has only afew. The lamina 
interior has at least three distal lobes with very long teeth ; 
the terminal spine is shorter, distinctly hooked, and provided 
with six long teeth. The galea (fig. le) has some few teeth 
distally and is a little longer than the hair at its base. The 
teeth of the serrula (fig. 1 e) are high, the terminal is pointed, 
and the basal is only slightly enlarged distally. 

Mazille.—The maxille are not only beset with granules 
laterally, but bear also some larger protuberances. 

Palps.—The granulation, especially that of the hand, is 
more pronounced, and the hairs, especially those from the 
inner surface of the femur, are distinctly clavate. The tactile 
hairs of the fingers seem to be arranged as described (p. 105). 
The joints are comparatively shorter and broader ; this dif- 
ference is especially marked on the hand, which is 1°6 times 
broader than the tibia and only 21 times longer than broad ; 
the margins, especially the inner, are a little more convex ; 
the number of secondary teeth of the fingers is very different ; 
interiorly I was not able to discover any, but exteriorly the 
immovable finger bears at least six and the movable four. 

Leys.—The hairs of the legs are more distinctly clavate ; 
the lateral hairs near the base of the claws are more curved 
(fig. 1f). The legs are comparatively shorter and higher— 
for instance, the femur of the first pair of legs is only 4°4 
longer than high. 

Colour.—The palps and maxille are reddish brown; the 


108 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


cephalothorax is a little paler; the abdominal sclerites are 
brown, with a white and a black spot and divided by a broad, 
white longitudinal line. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 1:344 (1:12); abdomen 
2°128 (1°820) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°616 (0°392) ; femur 1°344 (0°300) ; 
tibia 1:176 (0°320); hand 1:092 (0504), height 0°476 ; 
fingers 0°980 mm. 

Leg i.: femur 0:786 (0°178), trochantin 0°308 ; tibia 0532 
(0°180) ; tarsus 0°476 (0°084) mm. 

Leg iv. : femur 0:972 (0-252), trochantin 0-364; tibia 0°756 
(0°140) ; tarsus 0°616 (0°112) mm. 

Material.—I have examined one specimen (?) of the 
variety from Kauai, one of the most western islands of the 
Sandwich Archipelago. 

Remarks.—As I have only seen three specimens of this 
species, I have not thought it advisable to establish the variety 
as a new species; but, on the other hand, as the differences 
seem to be well marked and as the specimen is from another 
locality, I think that the description of the differences 
will be of value to future workers. It would be interesting 
to investigate the relation between the geographical distri- 
bution and the variations. 


Chelifer pacificus, sp. n. (Pl. VII. fig. 2 a.) 


Cephalothorax.—No eyes or ocular spots ae present. The 
cephalothorax is a little longer than broad; it is more dis- 
tinctly produced in front and with a better-marked median 
incision than Ch. hawaiiensis ; the almost straight transverse 
grovves are indistinct; the skin is distinctly but miuutely 
granular and the distinctly clavate hairs are almost as long 
as broad. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen is distinctly longer than broad ; 
the tergites have their sclerites poorly developed, and the 
first three are only in a slight degree shorter than the other ; 
both the anterior and the posterior margins are almost 
straight. The whole surface of the tergites, including the 
indistinct longitudinal line in the middle, is shagreened. 
Eight transverse rows of clavate hairs are present as well as 
some few hairs (lateral) in front of the row on the median 
segments. Genital area scarcely different from that found 
in Ch. hawuiiensis, Sim. 

Antenne.—The flagellum consists of four hairs. The 
lamina interior possesses three or four lobes, the teeth of 
which are comparatively short; the terminal spine, which is 


tn the British Museum. 109 


rather thick and suddenly pointed, is not crooked and is 
provided with five teeth. The galea, which is rather slender 
and a little longer than the hair at its base, is provided with 
five teeth distally. The 21 teeth of the serrula are moderately 
long; the basal one is longer and is slightly and evenly 
enlarged towards the extremity. 

Mazille.—The maxillz are shagreened laterally. 

Palps (fig. 2a).—The palps are minutely granular, espe- 
cially the inner surface of the joints, with the exception of 
the trochanter, which is shagreened posteriorly. The hairs 
are rather short, widened out and spinous distally. The 
number and the arrangement of the tactile hairs of the 
fingers are as in Ch. hawaiiensis, Sim. The trochanter, which 
is longer than broad and distinctly stalked, is strongly but 
evenly convex interiorly; the exterior outline is more abruptly 
convex, and the distinction between the upper prominence 
and the lower, which passes into the stalk, is well marked. 
The femur, which has a short stalk and is narrower than the 
trochanter, is 3°6 times longer than broad ; it is not gradually 
and distinctly widened out towards the extremity; the inner 
outline is almost straight ; the convexity of the outer side 
begins just beyond the notch which marks off the stalk. The 
tibia, which has a short, not very well-marked stalk, is dis- 
tinctly shorter and a little broader than the femur; both the 
inner and the outer margins are slightly convex. The hand, 
which is as long as, but 1-6 times broader than, the tibia, is 
distinctly convex both interiorly and exteriorly ; it is 1-9 
times longer than broad, a little broader than high, and 
scarcely longer than the fingers, which do not gape when 
closed. In position and number the accessory teeth differ 
from those described under Ch. hawaiiensis (p. 105) ; the 
immovable finger has along the inner margin at least three 
distally, and the movable one; the former has at least five 
exteriorly. 

Legs.—The hairs of the ventral side are pointed, long, and 
more or less simple, while those of the dorsal side are shorter, 
widened out, and provided with teeth. The dorsal “ tactile ” 
hair of the fourth pair of tarsi is wanting. The lateral hairs 
near the base of the claws are slightly curved, very similar 
to those of Ch. hawaiiensis, Sim. (Pl. VII. fig. 1d). The legs 
are moderately long; the trochanter of the fourth pair of 
legs is only 1°5 longer than high. The femora of the first as 
well as of the fourth pair are only four times longer than 
high ; the tibiz are distinctly longer than the tarsi. 

Colour.—The maxille and palps are brown, the former 
more brilliant ; the cephalothorax and abdomen are brownish, 


110 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


the latter more pale with darker spots; the cox and legs 
are yellowish brown. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 1:036 (0-980) ; abdomen 
2°10 (1°316) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°532 (0°336) ; femur 0°924 (0°260) ; 
tibia 0°832 (0:280); hand 0°840 (0:448), height 0-392 ; 
fingers 0°820 mm. 

Leg i.: femur 0°626 (0°155), trochantin 0°280 (07175) ; 
tibia 0°420 (07112); tarsus 0°392 (0:084) mm. 

Leg iv.: femur 0°810 (0°210), trochantin 0°300; tibia 
0°616 (0°120); tarsus 0°524 (0110) mm. 

Material.—I have examined a single female, probably from 
Hawaii; it was mounted with Simon’s original specimens of 
Ch. hawaiiensis, but evidently had not beea examined by 
him. 


Chelifer brevispinosus, Keys. 
1885. Keyserling, (3) pp. 45-46, tab. iv. figs. 8-3. 


d.—The hand is scarcely as high as broad; the fingers 
gape distinctly when closed, especially distally, on account 
of a notch just behind the tip of the immovable finger; the 
inner margin at least of the fingers with a number of acces- 
sory teeth. The trochanter has posteriorly a lower, almost 
subconical projection and an upper, bigger and more rounded 
one. The legs are moderately short; the femur of the 
fourth pair is about 2°5 louger than high, and the tibia is 
much longer than the tarsus, which bears a tactile hair near 
the middle; the lateral hairs, near the base of the simple 
claws, are slightly curved and simple. 

? The fingers of the palps gape slightly. 

I have examined Keyserling’s original specimens. 


Chelifer pygmeus, Keys. 
1885. Keyserling, (3) ppa 49-50, tab. vi. figs. 8-8 d. 


The last abdominal segment bears some “ tactile” hairs. 
Trochanter with well-marked exterior tubercles. The fingers 
are almost as long as the broad hand, and bear a few acces- 
sory teeth on the distal half. The first pair of legs, the femur 
of which is 2°5 times longer than high, have the femur 
proper, tibia, and tarsus of almost equal length; the tarsus 
of the fourth pair of legs with a dorsal “ tactile”’ hair in the 
basal half near the middle. 

I have examined Keyserling’s original specimens. 


in the British Museum. Tif 


Chelifer pallipes, White *, (Pl. VII. figs. 3 a—d.) 
1849. A. White, (1) p. 6. 


Cephalothorar.—Two distinct eyes or ocular spots are 
present. The cephalothorax seems to be longer than broad 
behind, and becomes rather suddenly narrow in the anterior 
third. The head slopes towards the front margin; a dis- 
tinct trausverse groove, which is curved backwards in its 
whole length, is found near the middle; a second groove 
near the hindmost margin is indistinct and straight, as far as 
I could make out. ‘The cephalothorax is everywhere distinctly 
granular. 

Abdomen.—The granulation is less distinct and there seems 
to be a broad longitudinal line. 

Antenne.—The moderately long galea possesses at least 
four distal branches. 

Palps (figs. 3 a-b).—The palps appear quite polished ; but 
are nevertheless granular, the granules being so low and so 
near to each other that the whole surface appears to be covered 
with a minute mosaic. The hairs, especially those of the inner 
surface of the femur and tibia, are exceedingly long and 
pointed ; at least most of the hairs bear one terminal tooth ; 
the hand has also tactile hairs in addition to the ordinary 
kinds. The palps are rather long and slender. The trochanter, 
which kas a long stalk, is distinctly longer than broad ; the 
inner side is evenly convex, while the outer side is abruptly 
convex, but not so marked that we can speak of a lower 
posterior tubercle; the dorsal surface posteriorly and near 
the tip is slightly prominent like an upper tubercle. The 
femur, which has a short distinct stalk, is slightly broader 
than the trochanter and almost three times as long as broad ; 
the inner side beyond the moderately concave stalk is slightly 
convex for a very short distance, but thereafter almost 
straight ; the outer side just beyond the stalk is rather sud- 
denly, but more distally evenly convex. The tibia, which is 
both shorter and broader than the femur, has a long, well- 
marked stalk ; the inner side, after the deep notch of the 
stalk, is distinctly convex; the outer side has a well-marked 
basal prominence and a rather low elevation separated from 
the former by a shallow notch before the moderate convexity 
of the joint proper. The hand, which is almvst as long as, 
but distinctly broader than, the tibia, is distinctly longer 
than, and as high as, the finger. 


* The name of Ch. pallipes, Bks., from America (Canad. Entomologist, 
vol. xxv. 1893, p. 64), must be changed. 


112 Mr..C. J. With on Chelonethi 


Core.—The fourth pair of coxe is broad and widened out 
distally. 

Legs.—The trochantin of the first pair of legs is short and 
its tibia is distinctly longer than the tarsus. The femur of 
the fourth pair seems to be exceedingly long and compressed ; 
there does not appear to be any “tactile” hair at the base 
of the tarsus. 

Colour.—The cephalothorax, palps, and abdomen (according 
to White’s description) are deep brown; the legs are pale. 
“The claws with a greenish hue ...; abdominal segments 
edged wi h palish ” (White, op. cit. p. 6). 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax about 1 mm. long. 

Palps: trochanter 0°600 (0°392) ; femur 1:176 (0°420) ; 
tibia 1:092 (0-476); hand 1:064 (0°588), height 0°824 ; 
finger 0°784 mm. 

Material—tI have examined White’s typical specimen 
from New Zealand; it was dried and badly damaged. I 
hope it will be possible to recognize it from my description ; 
it would probably have been impossible to do so from the 
very short description given by White. 


Chelifer brevidigitatus, Keys. 
1885. Keyserling, (3) pp. 48-49, tab. iv. figs. 6-6 ¢. 


The tubercles of the trochanter of the palps are slightly 
marked; the femur is twice as long as broad; the hand is 
higher than broad and 1:4 longer than the fingers. The 
tarsi of the Jegs are much shorter than the tibiz; the fourth 
pair has a dorsal “tactile” hair at the base; the lateral 
hairs near the base of the claws are strongly curved. The 
genital area is similar to that of Ch. birmanicus, Thor. The 
abdomen of the female is exceedingly long and slender. 

I have examined Keyserling’s original specimens. 


Chelifer socotrensis, sp.n. (Pl. VII. figs. 4 a-h.) 


3. Cephalothorax.—Two distinct eyes are present. The 
cephalothorax, which is slightly longer than broad, becomes 
gradually narrower towards the front margin, which is 
bordered with a clear membrane. The anterior transverse 
groove is always straight in the middle, while the second is 
moderately curved forwards; the second tergite with a more 
or less indistinct longitudinal groove. The skin is every- 
where granular, with rather large and low granules, which 
are always well separated from each other. The short clavate 
hairs of the head aud first tergite are placed without order 


« 
4 
' 


a= 


ee 


tn the British Museum. 113 


everywhere, while a row of eighteen are placed along the 
hinder margin of the second tergite. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen is rather slender, with all the 
dorsal sclerites of almost equal breadth and length, with the 
exception of the first three, which are shorter; the tergites 
show scarcely any trace of lateral keels. All the tergites are, 
with the exception of the hindmost portion of the eleventh, 
divided by a distinct longitudinal line. The granules are 
perhaps lower than those of the cephalothorax and arranged 
in circlesaround the smooth spotswhich surround the lyriform 
fissures and the articulation of the more or less short, distally 
dentated hairs. These are situated in the following order :— 
the first two tergites bear only a row of about eighteen hairs 
along the hindmost margin of the sclerite; this row is at the 
third tergite not quite straight, and each half has at least an 
inner and an outer hair in front of the row: the fourth to the 
eighth have, in addition to the hindmost marginal row, five 
hairs on each side in front of the row, placed in an irregular 
transverse row ; the order of these hairs is not quite sym- 
metrical right and left; the right half of the sixth tergite 
possessed, for instance, in one specimen only four hairs. In 
the ninth and tenth sternites the two rows were not well 
marked off from each other; the light spots which surround 
the hairs are better marked in the anterior than in the pos- 
terior row; the hairs of the hindmost tergites are longer, 
and the eleventh bears a pair of tactile hairs. 

Sternites.—The fifth to the eleventh sternites are similar 
to the tergites and longitudinally divided like these; but the 
granulation is more obsolete, and the hairs, of which there is 
only one row along the hinder margin, are longer and more 
slender ; those of the anterior sternites are almost simple. 
The twelfth sternite seems to be missing, or, more correctly, 
it is fused with the eleventh ; for the latter has in the middle, 
just in front of the hindmost margin, a short transverse 
groove, partly cutting off its hindmost median portion. The 
fourth sternite has the anterior margin curved inwards. 
The genital area is composed of a rather short anterior 
plate and a longer posterior one; the former has many long 
slender hairs in the middle, while the latter has short hairs 
everywhere and covers a pair of “ ram’s-horn ”’-shaped organs 
(cf. Ch. cancroides, l.). 

Antenne.—The flagellum seems to consist of only three 
hairs, of which the anterior longest one is armed with about 
nine teeth along the front margin, thus having similarity to 
a feather. ‘The dorsal margin of the immovable finger pos- 
sesses some tiny teeth just behind the tip, and thereafter five 

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 8 


114 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


larger ones; the first is the largest and the second is smaller 
than the third. The serruliform portion of the /amina 
interior consists of four dentated lobes and a terminal spine 
with six teeth. The galea was broken. The serrula exterior 
is composed of about 30 teeth, of which the basal one has a 
large distal flap. 

Mazille.—TVhe maxille are of the usual triangular shape, 
with a broad lamina dentated externally ; they are granular 
along the sides, and hairy with short dentated hairs. 

Palps (fig. 4a).—The palps are minutely granular every- 
where above, with the exception of the hand, fingers, and 
stalks ; the granulation is very indistinct beneath. Short, 
rather thick, distally dentated hairs are abundant at all the 
joints, with the exception of the fingers, which bear rather 
long and slender hairs, besides the tactile hairs. There is no 
difference in length between the hairs on the inner and outer 
sides of the proximal joints. The trochanter, which is dis- 
tinctly longer than broad, has a well-marked stalk; the inner 
margin is gradually convex, and so is the hinder; the upper 
surface is posteriorly raised to a blunt tubercle. The femur, 
which is almost four times longer than broad and distiuetly 
broader than the trochanter, has no well-marked stalk ; its 
inner side is almost straight beyond a low short convexity 
near the base, while the hinder is moderately convex. The 
tibia, which is as long as but broader than the femur, has a 
rather short but distinct stalk ; its inner side is moderately 
convex after the deep notch of the stalk; the basal exterior 
prominence which forms part of the articulation is well 
marked, as well as the distal elevation of the stalk and the 
rather shallow notch between; the outline of the proper 
joint, which passes gradually into this elevation, is first 
straight and terminally convex. The hand, which is twice 
as long as broad and broader than the tibia, is 1°78 longer 
than the fingers ; it is slightly longer than the cephalothorax 
and evenly convex both interiorly and exteriorly. The 
fingers do not gape when closed and are only 1:25 longer 
than the hand is broad. 

Coxe (fig. 46).—The coxe are scarcely different from 
those of Ch. australiensis, with the exception of the fourth 
pair, which is much broader than the third and only slightly 
widened out distally; the inner side is straight and makes 
an obtuse angle with the hinder margin, which is slightly 
concave and almost parallel with the convex front margin. 

Coxal sac (figs. 4c-f).—Compare p. 135. 

Legs (fig. 4g).—The legs are comparatively long and 
slender. The hairs, which are found in numbers, are rather 


in the British Museum. 115 


short, thick, and provided with spines distally ; those which 
are placed on the ventral surfaces of the tarsi are long, 
slender, and almost or completely simple; the trochanter 
bears also some longer and pointed hairs beneath. The 
dorsal “ tactile’ hair of the fourth pair of legs is placed 
near the tip. All the tarsi bear at least one hair, which is 
rather long and slender, on each side just above the base of 
the claws; besides these hairs there is on each side a differ- 
ently shaped bifurcated hair. The posterior of these hairs, 
which seems to be alike on all the tarsi, is moderately long 
and divided near the tip into two branches, of which the lower 
and longer one is directed upwards and curved downwards, 
while the upper one is short and similar toa short tooth. The 
anterior hairhas the lower branch short and straight on at least 
the fourth pair; that of the first pair of legs seems to bear 
several tiny teeth distally. The two long claws of the fourth 
pair of legs are as long as the areola and are armed with an 
anterior strong tooth. The anterior claw of the first pair is 
rather long and slender without any tooth, while the poste- 
rior is exceedingly long and slender, bearing an insignificant 
tooth inside. The claws of the second pair of legs bear 
comparatively well-developed teeth. The tibia of the first 
pair is only a trifle longer than the tarsus, which is broadest 
in the middle (fig. 4g); while the tibia of the fourth pair is 
considerably longer than the corresponding tarsus, 

Colour.—The hand is reddish brown, the other joints, in- 
cluding the maxillz, are lighter, and so is the head; the 
thorax and abdominal tergites are yellowish brown with the 
less chitinized portions paler; the ventral side and legs are 
yellowish. 

Measurements—Cephalothorax 1:26 (1:134); abdomen 
2°156 (1°372) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°730 (0°418) ; femur 1°556 (0°448) ; 
tibia 1°540 (0°476) ; hand 1-40 (0-630) ; fingers 0°790 mm. 

Leg i.: femur 0-765 (0°252), trochantin 0°420 (0°270) ; 
tibia 0°563 (0°207) ; tarsus 0°495 (0°140) mm. 

Leg iv.: femur 1:232 (0°420), trochantin 0°40; tibia 
0°952 (0°252) ; tarsus 0°616 mm. 

2. Cephalothorar.—The cephalothorax is as broad behind 
as it is long. The eyes and transverse grooves seem to be 
more distinct. 

Abdomen.—tThe sclerites of the fourth sternite are short . 
and widely separated from each other; many short pointed 
hairs along the hindmost margin of the sternite; the third 
sternite bears a similar row of hairs, and in front of the 

Si 


116 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


genital opening there are a number of irregularly placed 
hairs. 

Palps.—The palps are shorter and less powerful and there 
are small differences in the relative measurements. The 
dorsal prominence of the trochanter seems to be smaller, but 
more marked off; the hand is, compared with the tibia, 
both longer and broader than in the male; it is as high as 
broad. 

Cove.—The fourth pair of coxz has the hindmost margin 
straight and does not possess any coxal sac. 

Legs.—The claws of the first (and probably also the second) 
pair of legs are different from those of the male; both claws 
bear teeth, but that of the posterior claw is placed under the 
summit, not anteriorly as usual. The first pair of Jegs differs 
from those of the male by the greater slenderness of the tibia 
and tarsus (fig. 4), as well as by the shape of the latter, 
which is of equal breadth throughout. 

Colour.—The palps and maxille are dark reddish brown, 
with the hands darker; the head and last abdominal tergites ° 
dark, more blackish brown, while the thoracic and first three 
abdominal tergites are lighter, the latter with white inter- 
articulate membranes. ‘lhe coxze and foremost part of the 
abdomen below are yellowish, while the hindmost portion is 
brownish. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 1:232 (1:260) ; abdomen 
2°20 (1°596) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°660 (0°364) ; femur 1°350 (0°40) ; 
tibia 1°354 (0-455); hand 1°326 (0°675), height 0-672; 
fingers 0°765 mm. 

Leg i.: femur 0°765 (0°243), trochantin 0°405 (0°265) ; 
tibia 0°600 (0°168) ; tarsus 0°532 (0°112) mm. 

Material.—I1 have examined two males and one female, 
which are perhaps not quite full-grown, from Socotra. 

Remarks.— This species is very similar to Ch. Simoni, Bal., 
from Sierra Leone (11, p. 529). The following are my 
reasons for establishing a new species :—Ch. Simoni, of which 
Balzan has examined full-grown specimens, is a much smaller 
species ; its cephalothorax is distinctly longer than broad, 
both in male and female; the median abdominal tergites 
have only three hairs in front of the row along the hindmost 
margin of the sclerite ; the fingers are distinctly longer than 
the hand is broad; the hand is shorter than the cephalothorax; 
the hairs along the inner side of the palps are distinctly 
longer than those along the outer, 


in the British Museum. 127 


Chelifer sculpturatus, Lewis. (PI. VIII. figs. 2 ah.) 
1903. Lewis, (16) pp. 497-498, pl. xxv. 


2. Cephalothorar.—The two rather indistinct eyes or 
ocular spots are removed from the front margin a distance 
equal to their diameter. The cephalothorax, which is as 
broad behind as it is long, is only one-fourth as broad an- 
teriorly as posteriorly; the front margin possesses a slight 
median incision. The foremost of the two rather shallow 
transverse grooves is straight or moderately curved back- 
wards, while the hinder is distinctly curved forwards, and 
so is also the hindmost margin of the second tergite, which 
is so similar to an abdominal tergite that Lewis counted 
it amongst them. 

The skin of the head, the first and in a less degree the 
second thoracic tergite are everywhere beset with very 
minute granules. The first thoracic tergite and at least 
the hindmost part of the head bear besides a number of low, 
round, and rather large granules and tubercles ; the tergite 
possesses about fifty, while the head has comparatively few, 
which decrease in number as well as in size anteriorly. The 
cephalothorax bears some few rather slender, but blunt 
hairs, which, at least posteriorly, are placed each on its own 
tubercle. The granulation of the second tergite is so similar 
to that of the abdominal tergites that I can refer to the 
description of these. 

Abdomen (fig. 2 a).—The abdomen, which is broader in the 
middle than it is long, is shaped similarly to that in Chiri- 
dium ; it slopes gradually from the middle towards the sides, 
and from the seventh tergite both forwards and backwards ; 
the lateral outline is distinctly convex. The tergites slightly 
increase in length from the first towards the ninth, but much 
more in breadth towards the seventh. The second thoracic 
as well as the first ten abdominal tergites bear a pair of 
lateral, more or less marked projections. 

Each abdominal tergite, with the exception of the eleventh, 
is divided into a posterior and an anterior portion by a 
transverse raised band or line, which is more zigzag than 
straight. These two portions are again subdivided into more 
or less round areas by short ridges, neither so raised nor so 
broad as the transverse band, between which and the margins 
they extend. The depressed spots thus formed bear each a 
median knob, on which, at least sometimes, a short clavate 
hair is articulated: in each row about twenty of these areas 
are present; but they are sometimes rather indistinct, 
especially those of the anterior row, which are often covered 


118 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


by the hindmost margin of the preceding tergite. The de- 
pressions described are minutely granular in a similar manner 
as is the head. ‘The eleventh tergite is smooth. 

Sternites—The fifth to the eleventh sternites increase 
both in length and in breadth towards the middle. Both 
the fourth and the third steruites are more or less covered 
by the fourth pair of coxe. The sclerites of the former 
are distinctly narrower and only half as long as those of the 
fifth; the sclerite of the third sternite is almost a mere 
line. The sclerites of the sternites seem to be smooth, are 
provided with a hinder row of numerous, short, and almost 
simple hairs, and are divided by a narrow longitudinal line. 

Antenne.—The minute organs of the small antennz were 
so badly preserved on the dried specimen at my disposal 
that I could not examine their structure in detail. The 
flagellum is composed of three (?) moderately long, curved, 
and slender hairs, of which the anterior one is provided with 
about five distal and marginal teeth. The margin of the 
immovable finger is provided with two minute dorsal teeth 
just behind the tip and more proximally five larger but of 
unequal size. A distinct but narrow lamina exterior 1s 
present as well as a lamina interior, the serruliform distal 
portion of which seems to differ from that usually found 
in Chelifer. The galea is rather long aud slender, distally 
provided with about seven short, blunt, and slightly curved 
teeth. The serrula exterior is similar to that found in 
Ch. claviger, Thor. ; it consists of about thirty, almost com- 
pletely fused teeth, of which the basal one is the longest 
and widened out distally ; the terminal tooth is also com- 
paratively long and slender. 

Maxille—The maxille are placed on a level with the coxee ; 
they are strongly raised in the middle, poiuted in the front, 
and, at least in some specimens, with large granules laterally. 

Palps (figs. 2 d-e).—A minute granulation, similar to that 
of the head, seems to be wanting, but the whole surface 
is thickly studded with subconical tubercles; these tubercles 
are comparatively low on the trochanter, and almost want- 
ing on the ventral side of the femur and tibia; some few 
low ones are found at the basal jortion of the hand. Each 
tubercle bears a moderately long, stiff, and clavate hair near 
the tip ; the hairs of the hands, especially those of the inner 
side, are more slender, not clavate, but only provided with 
some few distal spines. ‘This kind of hair is gradually 
merging into the simple and pointed hairs of the fingers, and 
is not to be confounded with tactile hairs. On the fingers of 
a cast skin (fig. 2 e) I observed in number a kind of organs 


in the British Museum. 119 


identical with or similar to those described by H. J. Hansen 
in Ch, cimicoides (15, p. 218, pl. v. fig. 14a). Each organ 
consists apparently of a more or less irregularly shaped 
area with a marked round spot; they are either apart or 
more or less fused ; the area itself is in reality placed under 
the skin as a kind of chitinous sac. The immovable finger 
has inwards two tactile hairs and about eight of these organs, 
placed in the proximal portion; the movable has none; the 
immoyable as well as the movable possess outwards three 
tactile hairs and twelve organs. The trochanter, which is 
distinctly longer than broad, has a distinct stalk, which 
is enlarged basally; the interior margin is first suddenly 
and then gradually convex; the exterior surface bears an 
upper and a lower projection, the latter is the longer, but 
neither the one nor the other is much more marked than one 
of the femoral tubercles. The femur, which is a little more 
than twice as long as broad, and distinctly broader than the 
trochanter, is provided with an exceedingly short stalk ; the 
tubercles make it difficult to realize its shape, but the interior 
side seems to be almost straight, while the exterior is slightly 
convex. The ¢2bia, which is slightly shorter but broader 
than the femur, has a moderately long, well-marked stalk, 
the axis of which forms an obtuse angle with the proper 
joint, and accordingly gives the tibia an inward direction. 
The interior side is moderately convex after the deep notch 
which marks it off from the stalk ; the exterior side is almost 
straight beyond a sudden elevation which follows the stalk. 
The hand, which is slightly shorter and a little broader than 
the tibia, is as high as broad and longer than the fingers. 
The inner curvature is more marked than the outer. The 
jingers (fig. 2 e) gape widely when closed, because the lower 
margin of the immovable finger is not straight, but with a 
distinct bend upwards behind the tip. The proximal teeth 
of the immovable finger are small and more or less rounded ; 
those of the notch are extremely small, but they are followed 
by large and pointed ones; the teeth of the movable finger 
are all more or less minute. 

Coxe (fig. 2f).—The coxee are on a level with the maxille; 
the first pair is the shortest and trapezoid in shape; the second 
and third pairs are longer and enlarged distally, so that they 
become nearly triangular. The fourth pair is both broader 
and longer than the preceding ones (fig. 2f); they are 
much longer in front than behind; the hindmost shorter 
portion is distinguished from the anterior portion by a 
shallow groove ; both the interior and posterior margins with 
low concavities. While the hairs of the first three pairs of 


120 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


the coxz are short and spined, those of the fourth pair are 
longer and more slender. 

Leys.—The ordinary hairs of the legs are rather short, 
stiff, and clavate ; they are enlarged terminally and there 
provided with short branches in all directions. The ventral 
hairs of the tarsus are much longer and more slender than 
the dorsal ones; they are not simple, but spined distally. 
The claws seem never to bear teeth, but have an inner and 
outer bifurcated hair near the base as in Ch. cancroides, L. 
(Pl. VIII. fig. 2g); this structure I have observed only in 
tarsi of a castskin. The first legs have a very well-developed 
trochantin; the tibia is distinctly enlarged distally and as 
long as the tarsus. The fourth legs have the tarsus enlarged 
distally and shorter than the tibia. 

Colour.—The palps, maxille, head, and coxee are reddish 
brown, with a more or less pronounced purple shade. ‘The 
raised band of the tergites is bright brown, while the de- 
pressed spots are more yellowish brown; sternites yellowish 
brown with a blackish shade. The whole dorsal surface is, 
when lighted, more or less metallic. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 14 (0°42-1°68) ; abdomen 
2°1 (2°492) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°644 (0°448) ; femur 1:260 (0°540) ; 
tibia 1:148 (0°540); hand 0-982 (0°576), height 0°550; 
fingers 0°3812 mm. 

Leg i.: femur 0°840 (0:308) ; trochantin 0°392; tibia 
0°560 (0°210) ; tarsus 0°560 mm. 

Leg iv.: femur 1:094 (0°415) ; trochantin 0°336; tibia 
0°728 (0°250) ; tarsus 0°600. 

3. Cephalothoraz.—The anterior groove is distinctly 
curved backwards. The granulations are less marked than in 
the female. 

Abdomen.—The lateral projections of the tergites are much 
better marked than in the female. That of the second 
thoracic tergite is comparatively insignificant ; those of the 
abdominal tergites attain their highest development in the 
sixth and seventh segments, and are there long, free, and 
similar to a keel, directed obliquely upwards, outwards, and 
backwards. ‘The raised transverse bands, and especially the 
hindmost row of depressed spots, seem less marked than in 
the females. 

The fourth sternite differs from the corresponding one in 
the female by being half as long and almost as broad as the 
fifth. 

Genital area (fg. 26).—The genital area is most similar to 
that found in Chelifer cancroides, L., and the species which are 


in the British Museum. 121 


nearly related to it. The anterior genital plate (fig. 2b, a), 
which is hairy in the middle, is situated between the coxve and 
the posterior plate; it is well raised in the middle, prolonged 
backwards with a low concavity in the posterior margin; the 
lateral part gets rather suddenly and most distinctly shorter. 
The posterior genital plate, which is broad and long, is dis- 
tinctly wider than long; its hinder margin is moderately 
raised backwards, the lateral margin, after a shallow con- 
cavity in which the first pair of stigmata (s.) is partly placed, 
is suddenly bent inwards, merging into the anterior margin. 
This is distinctly curved forwards on each side, and in the 
middle provided with a well-marked curvature, which fits 
into the convexity of the anterior plate. The median and 
anterior portion of this system is more raised than the 
lateral and posterior region when seen from below. From 
the front margin .to the middle a longitudinal shallow de- 
pression extends, having a moderate elevation on each side, 
which cover the usual ram/’s-horn-shaped organs. The 
posterior part of this plate is distinguished from the anterior 
plate by an indistinct transverse groove (fig. 26,9). Hairs 
are found at least along the front margin. 

Palps (fig. 2 d).—The conical tubercles are larger than in 
the female. The palps are both longer and stronger. The 
trochanter has the interior margin more strongly curved and 
the stalk more distinct. The femur is very clumsy and 
scarcely twice as long as broad. The hand is comparatively 
broader and the fingers shorter than in the female. 

Core (fig. 26).—The first three pairs of the coxe are 
shaped as in the female, but the fourth is very different. It 
is most narrow in the middle and enlarged towards both ends, 
slightly so inwards, but most distinctly outwards. The pos- 
terior side is distinctly concave, the anterior moderately 
convex, with a low median concavity. Near the interior 
posterior corner the entrance-opening (fig. 20, c) of the 
coxal sac is seen. This sac (comp. p. 135) is almost as long 
as the coxa, which it almost fills, and is enlarged distally ; 
the inner wall is provided with many subconical elevations 
or tubercles, each bearing one or several hairs, which most 
often are bifurcated from the base or middle, but sometimes 
divided into several branches. Near the opening these 
eminences are arranged in a kind of half-funnel. 

Colour.—The colour is perhaps more bright, especially the 
purple of the anterior portion of body. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 1*4: (0°42-1°68) ; abdomen 
2°24 (2°52) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°812 (0°560); femur 1:54 (0°800) ; 


122 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


tibia 1-4 (0°7); hand 1°12 (0°775), height 0-730; finger 
0-870 mm. 

Young animal.—I have not had any opportunity of ex- 
amining young animals, but only cast skins. The abdominal 
tergites of these had neither raised bands nor depressed 
areas. The fourth pair of coxze is neither similar to those of 
female nor male. 

Locality, Material.—I have examined five females and two 
males, besides a number of silk-cocoons containing animals 
in process of moulting or cast skins. They were all taken 
in Natal from the interior of bee-hives. 

Remarks.—This animal, in spite of some peculiarities, is 
most naturally referred to a group of species which are nearly 
related to Ch. cancroides, L. 'The following characters of 
the males are common to these species :—lateral tergal 
keels, shape of genital area with ram’s-horn-shaped organs, 
shape of fourth coxze with coxal sac, and bifurcated terminal 
tarsal hair. It is remarkable for the shape and granulations 
of body and palps, the broad cox of the female, and the 
shape of the posterior genital plate of the male. 

Ecdysis.—Besides the animals which have been described, 
I have examined seven slightly curved circular silk-cocoons, 
which were sometimes placed two together. As they all 
contained animals in course of moulting, or cast skins, we 
must conclude that their purpose is to protect the animal 
during the dangerous process of ecdysis. These nidi show 
on microscopic examination a surprising structure, for the 
different threads are not independent and free, but are more 
or less fused, so that a complicated system or meshwork 
of thinner and thicker threads is formed (PI. VIII. fig. 2 2). 
The density of the meshwork varies considerably in the 
different cocoons, and is not the same everywhere in each 
cocoon. The area between the threads is sometimes many 
times, sometimes scarcely broader than the threads. This 
structure is difficult to explain; the newly-formed threads 
have perhaps fused before drying. 

I found only asingle cast skin (palps and legs not attached) 
in a cocoon without any animal. ‘This skin was closed, with 
the exception of a very wide aperture in front ; this opening 
was formed by the bursting of the membrane between the 
head and first tergite dorsally, and antennz and maxillee 
ventrally. The articular membrane is strongly dilated 
just behind this opening. The tergites are separated from 
the cephalothorax by a deep groove, and so strongly curved 
(downwards) that the last abdominal tergites almost reach 
and cover the cox. ‘I'he sternites are placed so closely to 


in the British Museum. 123 


the tergites that no room is left between; they are very 
difficult to distinguish from each other. The concavity of the 
sternites is consistently equal to the convexity of the tergites. 
The last two pairs of coxze are, on account of the curvature, 
covered by the first two pairs, and not visible unless the 
whole animal be stretched out. The antenne are without 
any connection whatever with the head, and fastened to the 
hindmost part of the maxille by a thin membrane. Other 
specimens were examined, which were killed during the 
moult. One, for instance, had the whole cephalothorax, 
front portion of abdomen, and femur of the palpsfree. The 
cast skin of the cephalothorax was placed as a cap on the 
top of its abdomen. 


Chelifer equester, sp.n. 
(Pl. VIII. figs. 3 a—-d, Pl. IX. figs. 1 af.) 


3. Cephalothorax—Two indistinct white ocular spouts 
present. The cephalothorax, which is as broad behind as it 
is long, has the sides slightly curved outwards; in front 
they approach each other, so that the front is much shorter 
than the hinder margin. There are no transverse grooves, 
but the head is nevertheless very well marked off from the 
thorax by being darker and more raised. The skin is 
minutely dotted, and bears a few moderately slender and 
clavate hairs in front as well as along the hinder margin of 
the thorax. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen is distinctly longer than broad, 
and its dorsal sclerites are of almost equal breadth, but the 
first three are much shorter than the following, which in- 
crease slightly in length towards the tenth tergite. The 
hinder margin of the sclerites of at least the first two tergites 
is raised. All the tergites from the fourth (third) to the 
tenth are divided by a longitudinal line, which is rather 
imperfect in the middle of each sclerite. The granulation 
is indistinct; each sclerite possesses a hinder row of twelve 
long, slender, and dentate hairs, each placed in the middle 
of a yellow spot; laterally at least one pair of hairs in front 
of the row on the hindmost segmeuts ; the hairs of eleventh 
tergite placed without order. Tenth and eleventh tergites 
with two pairs of exceedingly long and pointed “ tactile ” 
hairs. The fourth to the eleventh sternites are similar to 
the tergites, and, like them, longitudinally divided; but the 
fourth is much narrower than the others; the twenty-four 
hairs of each sternite, which are placed in transverse rows, 
are moderately slender aud almost simple; the eleventh 
sternite bears at least three pairs of tactile hairs in addition 


132 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


to the usual hairs, arranged without order. Besides, the 
eleventh sternite possesses a great many (about 200) round 
spots, each with a median fissure, much smaller than the 
usual “ lyriform” fissures ; the corresponding tergite bears 
a smaller number, and the tenth sternite about 70. 

The genital area (Pl. VIII. fig. 3d) is similar to that of 
Chelifer birmanicus, Thor., with a short backwardly curved 
third (?) sternite, and a long and broad anterior plate, 
between which is the opening; under the front plate several 
internal chitinous organs are seen. 

Antenne (fig. 3c).—The flagellum probably consists of 
four hairs, like that of the female. The immovable finger 
bears three low blunt teeth just behind the tip, and there- 
after five larger, decreasing in size backwards. The lamina 
exterior is well marked, and so is the lamina interior, the 
serruliform portion of which consists of six dentated lobes ; 
the terminal spine bears many teeth internally. The short 
galea is provided with a few teeth (Pl. VIII. fig. 3c): the 
serrula exterior (fig. 3c) is very long and consists of 37 teeth, 
which are almost completely fused; the basal tooth is a good 
deal longer, enlarged distally, and provided with a mem- 
branous plate. 

Mavwille—The pointed distal portion of the maxille is 
well marked and provided with a broad lamina. 

Palps (Pl. IX. figs. 1 a-d).—The palps are everywhere, 
with the exception of the stalks and partly of the fingers, 
provided with low granules ; short and slender, but not quite 
simple, hairs are abundant; the tibia bears on the outer 
side near the base a pair of longer pointed hairs, and the 
fingers some tactile hairs. The trochanter, which is somewhat 
longer than broad, is provided with a distinct stalk, The 
inner margin is strongly convex ; the outer surface possesses a 
high tubercle; the upper a similar one near exterior margin ; 
there is a deep cleft between them. The upper tubercle 
(figs. 1 a-b), which is directed upwards and slightly outwards, 
is triangular and as high as trochanter is long, if measured 
from lower margin of segment to its top. The outer and 
lower tubercle is shorter, and its broad triangular base 
merges into a rather slender but blunt terminal projection 
(fig. la). The femur, which is twice as long and somewhat 
higher than broad, is wider than the trochanter and pro- 
vided with a distinct stalk ; the latter merges gradually mto 
the moderate convexity of the imner margin, which is 
followed by a slight concavity ; the outer surface is regu- 
larly convex from the base to the tip. The upper side is 
much more suddenly and strongly convex than the outer, 


an the British Museum. 125 


while the lower surface is only slightly curved. The Jibia 
(fig. 1c) is as long as, but broader than, the femur, with a 
very long stalk. The inner side has first a very deep 
notch to mark off the stalk, and is then irregularly and 
strongly convex ; near the tip thereis alow concavity. The 
outer side is almost straight from the base to the middle, 
because both the basal projection and the elevation beyond 
it, which bears a rather long pointed hair (fig. 1@), are 
low as well as the concavity between ; from the middle 
to the tip the outline is distinctly convex. In lateral view 
both outlines are regularly convex, almost semicircular. 
The hand, which is as long as the tibia, but broader, is 
higher than broad, 16 times longer than broad, and 1°5 
times longer than the fingers. It is moderately convex in- 
wards, aud strongly so outwards, as well as above and 
below. 

Cove.—The cox are very similar to those of C. austra- 
liensis (fig. 2a), but those of the second pair are broader 
than those of the third more triangular pair ; the fourth pair 
(fig. 3d) are broader, with the hinder margin, which is 
longer than the inner, slightly convex on the middle. 

Legs (figs. 1 e-f).—The legs are rather short and clumsy. 
Their hairs are long, stiff, pointed, and almost simple. 
Near the base of claws a pair of simple strongly curved hairs, 
and near the base of the tarsus of fourth legs the usual 
interior and dorsal “tactile” hair. The long areola is 
shorter than the long claws. Both the tibia and tarsus of 
the first legs widened out distally, the former beg much the 
longer; the tarsus of the fourth leg is comparatively much 
shorter than that of first pair, and scarcely longer than 
its femur is hgh. 

Colour.—The palps and head have the surface polished, 
and are dark brown in colour, sometimes almost blackish, 
sometimes rather reddish; the maxille and the thoracie 
tergites are light reddish brown, with the posterior margin 
of the second tergite black. The abdominal tergites of a 
dull blackish-brown colour with white longitudinal line; 
the sternites are more yellowish brown, and so are the 
coxee and legs, but lighter. 

Measurements —Cephalothorax 1:75 (1°75); abdomen 
3°75 (2°5) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 1:26 (0°98) ; femur 2°38 (1:224), height 
1-40; tibia 2°42 (1316) ; hand 2°38 (1°42), height 1:54; 
fingers 1°596 mm. 

Legi.: femur 1°56 (0°448) ; trochantin 0°728 (0°560) ; 
tibia 1°232 (0°308); tarsus 0°898 mm. 


125 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


Leg iv.: femur 2-0 (0°849) ; trochantin 0:742 ; tibia 1-596 
(0°42); tarsus 1:064 mm. 

9. Abdomen.—The genital area, which is covered by the 
fourth pair of cox, differs from that of the male. . 

Antenne (Pl. VIII. figs. 38 a-c).—The flagellum (fig. 3 a) 
is composed of four hairs, of which the three posterior 
are simple and decreasing backwards, while the anterior is 
bifurcated and very much widened out in the middle, where 
about five larger and smaller pointed teeth are found. The 
serruliform part of lamina interior with five dentated lobes 
(fig. 3 6,s). The moderately long galea (fig. 3 ¢ 2 ) possesses 
about three rather long terminal branches, as well as some 
few distal, short, blunt teeth. The serrula exterior is com- 
posed of about 40 teeth. 

Palps (Pl. IX. figs. 1 a-d).—The palps are much shorter 
than those of the males. The inner margin of the ¢éro- 
chanter is gradually curved (fig. 10); the posterior and 
superior tubercles are comparatively lower than in the male. 
The posterior and inferior tubercle is rather low and blunt, 
while the superior is high and, in bearing a tooth-like 
projection, resembles the lower of the two prominences in 
the male. The femur, which is more than twice as long 
as broad, has the inferior and superior outlines much less 
convex than in the male. The upper and lower convexities 
of the tibia (fig. 1 c) more even than in the male. The hand 
is much broader than the tibia (1°35) and 1-4 times longer 
than broad. 

Cove (P|. VIII. fig. 3d ¢).—The fourth pair is scarcely 
widened out distally and has the inner margin as long as the 
hinder. 

Colour.—The colour is much lighter, especially on the 
palps, which are light reddish ; the head is scarcely darker 
than the thorax. ‘The ventral surface, including the maxillie, 
is yellowish brown. There is great difference between the 
specimens, as the darkest amongst them are scarcely lighter 
than the males. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 2°0 (2:0); abdomen 3:0 
(2°5) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 1:12 (0:728) ; femur 1:96 (0°84) ; tibia 
1:932 (0952) ; hand 1:876 (1°316), height 146; fingers 
1°35 mm. 

Leg i.: femur 1:4 (0°42), trochantin 0°616 (0°504) ; 
tibia 1:134 (0°308) ; tarsus 0°34 mm. 

Leg iv. : femur 1:976 (0°817), trochantin 0°74; tibia 
1540 (0°364) ; tarsus 1°064 mm, 

Material—Mr. F. J. Jackson collected 8 2 and13 ¢ 
beneath the elytron of a beetle at Taveita, Kilimanjaro. 


in the British Museum. 127 


Remarks.—This species, which seems to be related to 
Ch. javanus, Thor., is especially remarkable for the pro- 
nounced sexual difference in the structure of the palps. 
In spite of these differences, I have referred the males and 
the females to the same species on account of the great 
number in which they occur together, and the similarity 
in the rest of their structure. 


Ideoroncus mexicanus, Bks. (Pl. IX. figs. 2 a-d, 
Pl. X. figs. 1 a-f.) 


1898. N. Banks, (14) p. 289. 


Cephalothorax (fig. 2 a).—Two well-developed eyes, placed 
at the lateral margin, and as far removed from the front 
margin as length of their diameter. The cephalothorax, 
which is distinctly longer than broad posteriorly, has parallel 
sides and is of almost equal breadth behind the eyes, but 
much narrower in front of them. Anterior margin is 
marked off from posterior part of head by a line; it is 
prolonged into a blunt “ epistoma” and bordered witha thin 
membrane. The skin is smooth and provided with mode- 
rately long, pointed, simple hairs. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen is distinctly longer than broad 
in the middle, where it is broadest, very narrow anteriorly, 
and thereafter almost oval with regularly curved sides. The 
tergal sclerites are in this specimen, which is dilated with 
eggs, much shorter than the thinly chitinized membranes 
between. The sclerites, especially of the anterior and pos- 
terior tergites, are indistinctly marked off, and the hindmost 
row of hairs is placed behind their posterior margin. There 
is a Shallow longitudinal depression through the middle of 
each sclerite; the tergites seem to be smooth. Each tergite 
bears about four pairs of hairs, which are longer on the 
posterior tergites than on the anterior ones; the tenth and 
eleventh tergites each bear, in addition to these, two pairs 
of “tactile” hairs. 

The sternites are scarcely different from the tergites, with 
the exception of the third and fourth, which are very narrow, 
indistinct, and divided in the middle. 

The sides have well-marked grooves between the segments 
and possess densely placed, narrow, parallel and longitudinal 
ridges. 

Antenne (Pl, IX. figs. 2 d-d).—The fingers gape slightly 
when closed (fig. 2d). The flagellum is composed of three 
short hairs, which are placed rather apart from each other 
and provided with some few tiny spines (fig. 26). The tip 


128 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


of immovable finger long, slender, and moderately curved ; 
behind the tip, and well removed from it, is situated a strong, 
conical, dorsal, marginal tooth, followed by about five more 
or less distinct low and rounded teeth (fig. 2d). 

Serrula interior (fig. 2.) consists of eighteen teeth, of 
which the proximal are more or less squarely truncate 
and almost completely fused—four basal ones excepted, 
—while the distal are much more free, pointed, and 
minutely spined along posterior margin. No _ indepen- 
dent terminal spine placed on a lower level than the teeth 
of the serrula proper is present, as is the case in [deobisium 
Balzanii and crassimanum, Bal. (comp. Hansen, 15, pl. v. 
fig. 6b), as well as in two undescribed Indian species 
examined by me—uuless the last tooth of the serrula should 
correspond to it. 

The galea (fig. 2c) is slender, moderately long, curved, 
and blunt; a few minute teeth are noticed near the tip. 
The terminal point of the movable finger is distinctly longer 
and more curved than that of the other finger; above its 
terminal hook we find a much shorter and stouter one. 
The tip of the immovable finger is placed between these two 
when the hand is closed. Behind the described dorsal tooth 
a long and broad marginal projection is placed, which on 
the right antenna has the margin slightly folded (fig. 2 d), 
and on the left (fig. 2¢) is broken up into blunt teeth. 

The serrula exterior, of which a distal third portion is 
free, consists of about twenty teeth, which are squarely 
truncate and touching each other in almost their whole 
length (fig. 2c). 

Maville (Pl. X. fig. 1 a)—The labrum is well developed 
and widened out distally. The median triangular portion of 
the mazille, seen from below, appears strongly raised and 
falls steeply laterally. In front we find, as usual, an interior 
marginal Jyriform organ, consisting of a single semicircular 
fissure (fig. la@,7), and more behind a median lateral 
one, consistmg of several more or less curved fissures 
(fig. la, m). The terminal portion is thinly chitinized, 
placed on a higher level than the basal region, and is 
provided with two pointed hairs; at its base a single very 
long and slender one is situated. Along the terminal portion 
a narrow lamina inferior (?) is placed, and in addition to 
this a broader and longer lamina superior. 

Palps (Pl. X. figs. 1 6-c).—The palps seem to be smooth, 
with the exception of the exterior basal elevation of the 
femur, which is granular. Longer or shorter, pointed and 
simple hairs are abundant everywhere. The hand bears 


in the British Museum. 129 


besides a single tactile hair near the inner margin and nearer 
to the middle than to the base (fig. 1 6, 1) ; the immovable 
finger possesses on the outer surface three tactile hairs near 
the base and two more distally (fig. 1 ¢, 4-8) ; the dorsal 
surface with two distal hairs (fig. 1 6-c, 2-3), and the inner 
without any. The movable finger has four tactile hairs on 
the outer surface (fig. 1c). Outside, near the base of the 
fingers, we find a peculiar organ, shaped like a compressed 
horseshoe (fig. 1 ¢, ) and with a clear spot inside, Four 
similar ones are found interiorly near the upper margin 
at the base of the finger, the one placed above the other, 
each consisting of a low elevation with almost oval outline, 
and provided with a round clear spot at the top in the 
middle; each of the spots seems to possess a median dot 
(comp. 15, p. 201). 

The trochanter, which is twice as long as broad, is dis- 
tinctly stalked and gradually widened out distally; the 
inner side is, with the exception of a low basal concavity, 
regularly convex from the base to the tip; the outer side is 
slightly curved inwards. The femur, which is 3°5 times longer 
than broad, is provided with a distinct but short stalk; theinte- 
rior side is slightly and almost regularly convex from the base 
to the tip; the outer side has, after the shallow notch which 
marks off the stalk, a low elevation ; beyond this there is first 
a low concavity and then a moderate convexity. The tibia, 
which is slightly shorter and broader than the femur, is 
distinctly stalked and gradually enlarged distally ; the inner 
side, beyond the concavity which marks off the stalk and the 
following low elevation, is slightly convex or, more correctly, 
shaped as a very open obtuse angle; the outer side is almost 
straight both before and beyond the scarcely visible elevation 
of the stalk and at last slightly convex. The hand, which is 
a little shorter than the tibia, but nearly twice as broad as 
the femur, is higher than broad and shorter than the fingers. 
The convexities of the superior and especially of the interior 
surfaces are much more marked than those of the inferior 
and exterior ones. Both fingers bear obtuse, squarely 
truncate, densely placed teeth; the tip of the immovable 
finger is much more hooked than that of the movable one. 

Core (Pl. X. fig. 1 a) —The cox are all placed on the 
same level, but on a lower level than the maxille. The 
first pair is almost as broad as long and scarcely enlarged 
towards the extremities ; the second pair is of almost equal 
breadth, but distinctly enlarged distally ; the third pair is 
so much enlarged distally that it becomes almost triangular, 
but much less marked than the corresponding pair in 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 9 


130 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


Ideobisium Balzanii. The fourth pair is broader again, 
enlarged distally, with the posterior corner smoothly 
rounded like the postero-exterior, which is produced back- 
wards. 

Legs (Pl. X. figs. 1 d~f).—The skin of the legs, especially 
that of the femoraand tibiz, seems to be minutely shagreened; 
we find more or less long, pointed, and simple hairs every- 
where. An exceedingly long “ tactile” hair is placed dorsally 
near the base of first tarsus of the last two pairs of legs. 
On each side near the base of the claws is placed a rather 
short hair with some few teeth distally along its upper 
margin (fig. 1f). The areola is shorter than the slender 
claws. The legs are long and slender. The basal femoral 
part of the first pair of legs (fig. 1 d) is three times as long 
as high and twice as long as the distal part. The tibia is 
slightly shorter than the basal femoral part and a little 
longer than the second tarsus, which is about 2°5 times 
longer than the first. The femur of the fourth pair 
(fig. le) is rather slender and three times longer than 
high; the articular membrane of the rather short trochantin 
is not straight as usual in IJdeobisium (cf. p. 184), but 
oblique as in Olpium. The tibia is distinctly longer than 
tarsus ii., which is more than twice as long as tarsus i., but 
shorter than both tarsi together. The trochanter of the 
first pair of legs is enlarged distally and only a little longer 
than high ; that of the fourth pair is much more slender and 
almost twice longer than high. 

Colour.—The palps and maxillz are yellowish brown with 
darker fingers ; the cephalothorax is brown; the abdominal 
tergites are lighter with yellowish interarticular membrane : 
white spots, placed under the skin, are seen everywhere. 
The coxze are brownish and the legs yellowish, both with a 
greenish shade. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax 0°720 (0°588); abdomen 
1820 (1°036) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0°392 (0:196); femur 0°784 (0°214) ; 
tibia 0°728 (0245); hand 0°700 (0°388), height 0°420; 
finger 0-800 mm. 

Leg i.: femur i. 0°396 (0°105) ; femur 11. 07198 (0°100) ; 
tibia 0°315 (0°081) ; tarsus i. 07125, tarsus 1. 0°305 mm. 

Leg iv.: femur 0°675 (0:225), trochantin 0°235; tibia 
0'495 (0°108) ; tarsus i. 0°162, tarsus 11. 0°360 mm. 

Material_—Mr. H. H. Smith collected a single female 
near Chandilly (Windward Islands) at a height of 800 feet, 
March 14th, in fermenting cocoa-husks (shady place). 

Remarks.—1 have referred the above-described species to 


in the British Museum. 131 


Id. mexicanus, Bks.: the minor points in which this species 
differs from Banks’s description seem not to be sufficient 
for establishing a new species ; but, on the other hand, we 
must admit that the description mentioned is too insufficient 
and lacking in important details for settling the question 
definitely. 

The differences are the following :—The cephalothorax is 
only 1:2, not 1:5, longer than broad ; the trochanter of the 
palps can scarcely be called swollen behind; the tibia is 
almost as long as the femur, not one fourth shorter; the 
tibia can scarcely be called “short pedicellate” and is 
slightly broader than femur, not merely as broad. 

This species is most easily distinguished from Ideoroncus 
pallidus, Balz. (10, p. 444), as well as from two undescribed 
species from Siam, which I have examined, by the flagellum, 
which consists of three short hairs, but especially by the 
tactile hairs of the hand; Id. mewxicanus bears only a single 
dorsal one, while the others bear four, placed in a trapezoid. 
On account of its slender palps and the arrangement of 
tactile hairs, it presents no similarity to Jd. gracilis, Balz. 
(11, p. 540). From Jd. obscurus, Bks. (12, p. 66), it differs 
by the simple undivided galea, by the palps, which are 
longer than the body, femur of the palps longer than the 
cephalothorax, and fingers distinctly longer than hand. 


Ideobisium Balzanii, sp.n. (Pl. X. figs. 2 a—h.) 


3. Cephalothorax (fig. 2a).—The comparatively large 
eyes are placed near to each other at the lateral margin, 
removed from the front margin a distance about as long 
as their diameter (fig. 2a). The cephalothorax, which is 
a little longer than broad posteriorly, has almost parallel 
sides, and is of nearly equal breadth behind the eyes, but 
slightly narrower in front of them. ‘he front margin 
passes into a rather broad, rounded, median “ epistoma.” 
There are no transverse grooves. The skin seems to be 
smooth, and is provided with moderately long, slender, and 
pointed hairs everywhere. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen is distinctly longer than broad 
and broadest in the middle. The sclerites of the tergites 
are, with the exception of the eleventh, of almost equal 
breadth and length (the second and third are a little shorter), 
and well separated from each other by long thin-skinned 
membranes. The sclerites seem to be smooth and bear 
some few simple pointed hairs along the hinder margin; 
those in the middle are rather short, but the more lateral 

9* 


132 Mr.-C. J. With on Chelonethi 


ones are long and slender. The tenth and eleventh tergites 
bear a pair of “tactile” hairs each. The sides of the 
abdomen are minutely shagreened. The fifth to the 
eleventh sternal sclerites are similar to the tergal, but they 
are rather short in the middle and widened out laterally ; 
the hairs, which are long and slender, are not placed along 
the hinder margin, but behind. ‘The sclerite of the fourth 
sternite is divided into two well-separated triangular por- 
tions. The sclerite of the third sternite is better marked 
and provided with short hairs along hindmost margin and 
with the front margin curved inwards in the middle. 
In front of this sternite, which constitutes the hindmost 
genital plate, and between the fourth pair of coxze, a com- 
plicated system of inner organs belonging to the male 
system are visible. 

Antenne (figs. 2 a-b).—The antennz are large and gape 
distinctly when closed. The flagellum consists of at least 
six long slender hairs, provided with densely placed tiny 
teeth along the front margin; the hindmost hair is con- 
siderably shorter than the others. This flagellum presents 
great similarity to that of J. crassimanum, Balz. (cf. H. J. 
Hansen’s figure, 15, tab. v. fig. 6). The immovable finger 
possesses along its inner margin a dorsal row of many 
tiny teeth, which vary in number and size in the different 
specimens, 

The serrula interior is very similar to that described by 
Hansen in Jd. crassimanum, Bal. (fig. 66); the basal teeth 
are placed near to each other and are very short compared 
with the distal ones, which are almost completely free, 
shghtly curved, pointed, and with the hinder margin 
serrated ; this serrula seems to be fused with the finger in 
its whole length to base of terminal tooth. Independent of 
this serrula, and placed on a lower level, there is a very long, 
slender, and curved spine, slightly dentated along its hinder 
margin; we find a similar one in J. crassimanum, but less 
curved. 

The galea is rather long, slender, and blunt; its root is 
well removed from the tip of the finger, The end of the 
movable finger is moderately curved (fig. 2a); behind 
the tip the dorsal margin possesses six to ten teeth, 
which are of unequal size in the different specimens, and 
even in the two antenne of the same specimen. 

The serrula exterior is very similar to that drawn by 
Hansen for I. crassimanum (fig. 7); its distal portion is 
free ; there are about 30 teeth, which are larger distally 
and are more or less fused. When the serrula is observed 


oe 


tn the British Museum. 3: 


from the edge (fig. 24, s), it will be seen that the proximal 
portion is directed more downwards, the distal more upwards. 
If we examine the antenne in their natural position, we will 
see the immovable from the edge with the serrula interior 
directed downwards and outwards, working against the 
serrula exterior (fig. 2a). 

Mazille (fig. 2c).—The mavxillee, the hindmost portion 
of which is covered by the first pair of cox, appear more 
trapezoid than triangular ; the terminal portion is moderately 
pointed, only this bears a long slender hair at the base and 
several shorter ones distally ; a distinct long lamina maxil- 
laris is present. 

Palps (tigs. 2 d-e).—The palps seem to be smooth with the 
exception of the inner surface of the hand. More or less 
long and slender hairs are found everywhere; those of the 
inner side are the longer; the inner surface of the hand 
bears two very long hairs; the hairs of the fingers are 
placed more densely. The hand bears exteriorly three 
tactile hairs (fig. 2e, 6-8), one more forwards and two a 
httle more backwards, the one above the other. The 
immovable finger possesses on the outer surface two tactile 
hairs (figs. 2e, 4-5), and on the dorsal surface three 
(fig. 2d, 1-3). The movable finger has one tactile hair at 
the base and three, one above the other, in the middle 
(fig. 2 e). 

The trochanter is distinctly stalked and longer than 
broad; the inner side is marked off from the stalk by a 
moderate convexity, and is beyond almost straight to the 
end; the outer side is extremely short and concave. The 
femur, which is 2°5 times longer than broad, has a very 
short stalk; the inner surface has first a moderate convexity 
and thereafter a slightly pronounced concavity ; the exterior 
side is first provided with a short and low elevation just 
beyond the stalk, and is then almost straight. The ‘dia, 
which is slightly shorter and broader than the femur, is 
distinctly and shortly stalked ; the inner outline is almost 
semicircular beyond the deep notch which marks off the 
stalk ; the exterior side is proximally almost straight, but 
for a very low elevation near the base, and distally very 
strongly convex. The hand, which is as long as femur and 
18 times broader, is almost 1°5 times longer than broad 
and as high as broad; it is only a trifle longer than fingers, 
which are distinctly longer than the hand is broad. Both 
interior and exterior surfaces are much more strongly convex 
than the superior and inferior. The marginal teeth of the 
fingers are placed near to each other and squarely truncated. 


134 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


Coxe (fig. 2c).—The coxz are not placed completely on 
the same level; the first pair covers the hindmost portion of 
the maxille. The first pair is almost as broad as long; the 
second pair is a little longer and slightly enlarged distally ; 
the third pair, the front margin of which is covered by 
the second, is widened out distally so considerably that its 
shape becomes almost triangular. The fourth is as broad 
as the third is distally and is almost trapezoid ; the postero- 
interior corner is obtuse, and the postero-exterior is rounded 
but scarcely produced backwards as in Ideoroncus mexicanus, 
Bks. (Pl. X. fig. 1 a). 

Legs (figs. 2,f-h)—The skin of the legs seems to be 
smooth. We find more or less long, pointed, and simple 
hairs everywhere; a dorsal “ tactile” one is placed near the 
base of the first tarsus of the fourth pair of legs. A long 
pointed hair, which is provided with many teeth, especially 
downwards, on each side near base of the claws (fig. 2 2). 
The claws are strongly curved and longer than the areola. 
The legs are less long and slender than in J. mezicanus; the 
basal femoral part of the first pair of legs (fig. 1 f) is three 
times longer than high and 1:4 as long as the distal part. 
The tibia is as long as the basal femoral part, distinctly 
longer than the second tarsus, and only a little shorter than 
the two tarsi together ; the distal portion of the tarsi is 
twice as long as the basal. The femur of the fourth pair 
(fig. 2g) is about twice as high as long; the trochantin 
is almost half as long as the whole femur, with straight 
articular membrane. The tibia is a little longer than the 
two tarsi, of which the distal is almost twice as long as 
the basal. 

Colour.—The hand and the tibia of the palps are reddish 
brown; the basal joimts, maxilla, and coxze are darker or 
paler yellowish brown ; the legs are very pale. The cephalo- 
thorax is brownish; the abdominal sclerites are highter and 
more brilliant. Some of the specimens are paler, while 
others are darker. 

Measurements. — Comparatively small specimen from 
St. Vincent. Cephalothorax 0°513 (0°450); abdomen 0°990 
(0°540) mm. 

Palps: trochanter 0:224 (07144); femur 0°425 (0°162) ; 
tibia 0°378 (0:207); hand 0-410 (0°288), height 0:288 ; 
finger 0°360 mm. 

Leg i.: femur i. 0°207 (0°099) ; femur 11. 07152 (0°:099) ; 
tibia 0-207 (0°063) ; tarsus i. 0°090; tarsus 11. 0°170 mm. 

Leg iv.: femur 0°468 (0°207); trochantin 0°225; tibia 
0°360 (0:095) ; tarsus 1. 07126; tarsus 11. 0°225 mm. 


in the British Museum, 135 


@.—A much darker specimen from Upper Richmond 
Valley is probably a female; as the following dimensions 
make evident, neither the absolute nor the relative propor- 
tions are quite alike ; but in all other respects it seems to 
be similar to the above-described male, which is perhaps a 
young one. 

Cephalothorax 0°588 (0.532); abdomen 1:260 (0°700) mm. 

Palps: trochantin 0°280 (0°168) ; femur 0°564 (0°210) ; 
tibia 0-476 (0°252) ; hand 0-560 (0°392) ; finger 0-448 mm. 

Material, c.—This species seems to be very common in 
the West Indies. I have examined specimens from several 
localities at St. Vincent, collected partly by Mons. E. Simon - 
and partly by Mr. H. H. Smith; the latter seems to have 
taken most of his specimens under rubbish or rotten leaves 
in mountainous forests (1200-3000 feet) during the months 
from January to March. 

Remarks.—This species seems to be nearly related to 
Id. crassimanum, Bal. (11, p. 542), from which it differs in 
the following characters :—-The abdominal sclerites seem to 
be smooth, not granular; the epistoma is rounded, not sub- 
conical ; the immovable finger of the palp has three, not two, 
tactile hairs; the hand is not 1:7 times longer and not 1:3 
times broader than fingers are long, but longer than hand 
is broad. 


II.—Coxat Sac. (PI. VII. figs. 4 d-f,) 


If we carefully examine the fourth pair of coxe in the 
male of Chelifer socotrensis, sp. u., we shall find a remarkable 
organ which I propose to call the coxal sac. This organ is 
only slightly developed in this species compared with many 
others more or less nearly related to Ch. cancroides, L., for 
instance, Ch. sculpturatus, Lewis (p. 121); in this paper I 
shall give only the description of its structure in Ch. soco- 
trensis. My investigations on its modifications and fuller 
development in other forms [ hope to get finished in a not 
too distant future. The coxal sac is situated in the inner 
and hinder part of the coxze, and directed towards the postero- 
interior corner (Pl. VII. fig. 44), where probably an opening 
is found through which the hairs of the funnel are directed. 
The sac, which is rounded and elongated, consists of two 
portions which are well marked off from each other 
dorsally and laterally. I was not able to settle the question 
whether the sides which I have called dorsal and veutral 
really are so or not. I use these terms because the position 
of this organ in one of the specimens I examined seems to 


136 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


bear out this opinion. The two parts into which the coxal 
sac is divided are of very unequal size; the basal, which is 
nearest to the postero-interior corner, is only half as spacious 
as the distal part. The two portions are dorsally and laterally 
separated from each other by a rather deep groove as well as 
a chitinous ring (figs. 4e-f), but ventrally there is no such 
distinction (figs. 4c-e). Not only the outer surfaces, but 
also the inner cavities, are well marked off from each other 
except ventrally. Just between the two portions, and, as it 
seems, fastened to the above-mentioued ring, we find a 
“funnel” of hairs, which is open below (figs. 4e-/, bf). 
There is consequently no direct communication between the 
two cavities except ventrally. The units which build 
up the funnel are of two kinds; its wider basal portion is 
more solid and seems to have been formed by the fusing 
of elongated tubercles like those with which the inner walls 
of the distal sac are beset. These tubercles are not in 
every case all fastened behind to the above-mentioned ring, 
because at least some are seen to be free posteriorly and 
project into the distal cavity (fig. 4e). The more narrow 
distal part of this funnel is composed of a number of long, 
slender, and pointed hairs which converge towards each other 
and are directed through the round entrance-openiug (0) of the 
sac (t). This entrance. opening, whichis found just at the end 
of the organ, is, at least in other species, connected with an 
opening in the ventral wall of the cox, and the above- 
mentioned hairs project through this opening. The dorsal 
and partly the lateral walls of the distal cavities are provided 
with subconical tubercles which project into the lumen 
(figs. 4e-f, h); each tubercle bears at least one terminal 
pointed hair. These tubercles are sometimes supported by 
chitinous ridges. The skin of the coxal sac is everywhere 
minutely granular. 


II].—ABNORMAL SEGMENTATION. 


Chelifer sculpturatus, Lewis. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2 a.) 


One of the dried females of this species which I examined 
showed some abnormalities in the segmentation. The first 
abdominal tergite is normal (Pl. VIII. fig. 2 a) ; all the fol- 
lowing are, as usual, divided into a right and a left portion 
by a longitudinal line. The left portions of the second and 
third tergites are well separated laterally, but fused in the 
middle, because the groove between them has been gradually 
abolished. The depressed areas and the ridges between show 


in the British Museum. 137 


also some irregularities. The other half part (the right) of 
the second tergite is rather short, but otherwise of usual 
shape; it is separated in its whole length from the right 
portion of the third segment, which is distinctly widened out 
towards the middle. If we regard the two segments as a 
whole, it will easily be seen by looking at the figure that the 
two half parts are of almost equal length laterally, but that 
the right half is distinctly longer than the left in the middle. 
The longitudinal line between the two is not parallel to the 
longitudinal axis of the body, but forms an acute angle with 
it. The left portion of the fourth tergite is rather long and 
well separated from both the third and fifth, especially 
towards the middle, where it becomes narrower. The right 
half is exceedingly narrow and rather short; the space 
between the two portions is very well marked, being twice as 
broad as the right half and more than half as broad as the 
left half. The wide open area thus formed is limited behind 
by the convex margin of the right half of the otherwise 
regular fourth tergite ; it is ike an attempt at lessening the 
unprotected wide space. The ventral side shows no trace of 
these irregularities. 


Chelifer javanus, Thor., g. (Pl. VIII. fig. 1 a.) 


As I looked over the collections of Chelonethi from India I 
discovered a specimen (¢ from Tharravadi, Burma) which was 
remarkable for its abnormal segmentation. The first and 
second abdominal tergites are normal, but the two following 
show a peculiar structure. The left half of the third tergite is 
fused with the right half of the fourth. I have not been able 
to distinguish the longitudinal line which elsewhere divides the 
sclerites, and it is consequently impossible to tell where the 
one begins and the other ends. The right half of the 
sclerite thus formed is much longer and somewhat narrower 
than the left. The right half of the third tergite is without 
connexion with the corresponding left half; its sclerite is 
triangular and rather short. The left portion of the fourth 
tergite passes into the right, but its sclerite has no connexion 
with the sclerite of the right side. The positions of the hairs 
are as usual, and, as seen in the figure, not the same in the 
third and the fourth tergites. The right side of the latter 
shows some irregularities, as the hindmost row of hairs are 
placed behind the hinder margin of the selerite. The ventral 
side shows no trace of the described abnormalities, 


In the following I enumerate a few similar cases of 


138 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


abnormal segmentation found in Arachnids, Insects, and 
Annelids :— 


Arachnids.—In Hansen and Sérensen’s paper (24, p. 97, 
pl. i. fig. 2a) I came across a figure of Stylocellus suma- 
tranus, Westw., one of the Cyphophthalmi, which shows that 
the groove between the fifth and the sixth tergite on the left 
side is incomplete; a kind of split segment is thus formed. 
If the right half of the sixth tergite is fused with and undis- 
tinguishable from the right part of the fifth the abnormality 
is of another nature than that found in Ch. javanus ; but if 
it is connected with the right half of the seventh tergite the 
similarity to the above-described case is unmistakable. 


Insects.—In the collections of the British Museum I found 
some specimens of Hymenoptera showing abnormalities in 
the segmentation. By the kind assistance of Col. Bingham 
I am able to give the names of the insects in question. In 
Trans. Ent. Soc. (23) I found a short note about one of these 
animals by the Rev. F. D. Morice, who had collected the 
specimens. He exhibited to the Society a specimen of 
““Gorytes quinquecinctus (fossor) with the abdominal segments 
twisted out of their proper shape and place.” The animal 
so named is, according to Co]. Bingham, not a Gorytes, but 
Cerceris quinquefasciata. 'The cases are the following :— 


1. Polistes sp.—The first and the second segments are 
normal, the latter being provided with the usual yellow spots 
ard marginal band, but the two following tergites are irre- 
gular. The left side of the third passes without any limita- 
tion whatever into the right side of the fourth, and so does 
the yellow band along the hindmost margin, which is directed 
obliquely backwards. The right portion of the third tergite, 
which is bordered with yellow, is well separated from the left 
and is short and narrow. ‘The left portion of the fourth is 
even less marked, almost triangular, bordered with yellow, 
and without communication with its right part or with the 
fifth tergite. ‘The latter is almost normal if the irregularly 
shaped anterior and posterior margivs be excepted. Ven- 
trally and laterally the segmentation appears normal. 


2. Megachile sp—The dorsal side shows the following 
abnormalities :—The hindmost margin of the third segment 
is not quite transverse, but shghtly oblique, so that its right 
side becomes longer than its left. The left halves of the 
fourth and the fifth segments, which are well separated by a 


in the British Museum. 139 


groove bordered with thin yellow hairs, are both fused with 
the right half of the fourth tergite, which is rather short, 
especially laterally. The right half of the fifth tergite is 
consequently without connexion with its corresponding half ; 
it is short, almost triangular, and bears the usual marginal 
row of yellow hairs. 


3. Cerceris quinquefasciata.—The segmentation shows 
dorsally very remarkable variation. The first segment is 
normal; the left half of the second tergite, which bears a 
moderately large yellow spot, merges into the right half of the 
third, being rather short and almost yellow, on account of 
its prominent spot. The right portion of the second segment, 
which is very small and with a tiny yellow spot, is well 
limited from the tergite thus established. The left half of 
the third tergite, which is almost yellow, is well separated by 
a groove from the left part of the fourth, but passes into its 
right half without any limitation. The fourth segment, 
together with the one half of the third, becomes thus a split 
segment (cf. Morgan, Ig, p. 245). 


Many cases of a similar kind of abnormality or variation 
in the segmentation have been described in different forms 
of Annelids (compare the literature, 18-21). In outer 
appearance many of these abnormalities (Cori, 18, Taf. xxv. 
figs. 5 a, b) are very like those described here, especially in 
Megachile (segments iv. and v.) and Cerceris (segments iii. 
and iv.), and also in Chelifer yavanus, Thor. (Pl. VIII. fig. 1 a). 
Cori (18, p. 576) characterizes the abnormality in the following 
manner :—‘“‘ Dass die dusseren Segmentgrenzen der betretf- 
fenden K6rperabschnitte nicht die Form von Kreistouren 
haben, sondern Schraubenlinien beschreiben.” It has also 
been called “ spiral segmentation ” (Bateson, 21). 

Even if there is great similarity between the more simple 
cases of ‘spiral segmentation” in the Annelids and the 
abnormalities found in the segmentation of the above- 
described Articulata, it remains to be proved that the 
similarity is more than superficial, The number of the 
segments is not so constant in the Annelids as in most 
Arthropods, and the individuality of each segment, especially 
in the inner structure, is more pronounced in the former 
than in the latter group. The distinction between dorsal, 
ventral, and lateral parts within each sternite is better marked 
in the Arthropods. All these are reasons to be careful in 
comparing and identifying similar phenomena of this kind in 
the two groups. Different authors have tried to explain the 


140 Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


spiral segmentation, but in different ways. In the Arthro- 
pods there are at least two modifications, viz.: ‘the split 
segment,” in which the one half of a segment is fused with 
its fellow half as well as with that of anothersegment; and 
the modification in which the one half of one segment is 
fused with the opposite half of the following, without having 
any connexion with its own corresponding half. Both 
modifications are found in Cerceris and an intermediate link 
in Chelifer javanus (Pl. VIII. fig. 1a). The abnormality of 
Ch. sculpturatus (PJ. VIII. fig. 2a) seems to be somewhat 
different. Whether the abnormalities mentioned are due to 
injuries in the embryos or later on in life or to quite 
different causes cannot be decided until a larger number of 
forms, especially of Myriopods, have been examined. 


LITERATURE. 


The books and papers in which Chelonethi from the 
Australian Region have been described or mentioned are the 
following :— 


(1) A. Waite. “ Description of apparently new Species of Aptera 
from New Zealand,” Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1849) pp. 5-6. 

(2) E. Simon. “ Matériaux pour servir a une Faune Arachnologique 
de la Nouvelle Calédonie,”’ C. R. Soc. Ent. Belgique, xiii. (1880) 

. 64-75. 

(3) my caesenrrne: L. Kocn. Die Arachniden Australiens, Liefer- 
ung 32-33 (1885-86). Niinberg. Ordo Chelonethi, pp. 44-51. 

(4) E. Dapay. “ Pseudoscorpiones a Nova Guinea,” Természetrajzi 
Fiizetek, xx. (1897) pp. 475-480, tab. xi, 

(5) W. J. Ratnpow. “The Arachnidan Fauna. Atoll of Funafuti.” 
Memoirs Australian Museum, iii. pt. 2 (1897), pp. 105-124, 

ls. ii.—v. 

(6) iad Pocock. “List of the Arachnida and Myriapoda obtained 
in Funafuti by Prof. W. J. Sollas and Mr. Stanley Gardiner, and 
in Rotuma by Mr. Gardiner,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) i. 
(1898) pp. 321-832. 

(7) E. Stuon. “ Ergebnisse einer Reise nach den Pacific (Schauins- 
land, 1896-97), Arachnoideen,” Zool. Jahrbiicher, Abth. Syste- 
matik, xii. (1899) pp. 411-437. 

(8) E. Stwon. ‘Contribution 4 la Faune de Sumatra: Arachnides 
recueillis par M. J. L. Weyers 4 Sumatra,” Ann. Soe. Ent. Bel- 
eique, xliil. (1899) pp. 78-125. ' 

(9) E. Srwon. Arachnida: Fauna Hawaiensis, vol. ii. part x. (1900) 
pp. 443-519, pls. xv.—xix, 


The following papers, concerning Chelonethi from other 
parts of the world to which reference is made in this paper, 
are in alphabetical order :-— 


(10) L. Bazan. “Revisione dei Pseudoscorpioni del Bacino dei 
Fiume Parana e Paraguay nell’ America meridionale,” Ann. 


( 


( 
( 
( 


( 


in the British Museum. 141 


Museo Civico Storia natur. Genova, ser. 2°, vol. ix. (1890) 
pp. 401-454, tav. xili.-xvii. 

11) L. Batzan. “ Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela: Arach- 
nides, Chernites (Pseudoscorpiones),” Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ix. 
(1891) pp. 497-552, pls. ix —xii. 

12) N. Bangs. “ New Chernetid» from the United States,” Canad. 
Ent. xxv. (1893) pp. 64-67. 

13) N. Banks. “Notes on the Pseudoscorpionida,” Journ. New 
York Ent. Soc. 1895, pp. 1-15. 

14) N. Bangs. “ Arachnida from Baja California and other parts 
of California,” Proc. Cal. Acad. Science, ser. iii. Zool. vol. i. 
no. 7 (1898) pp. 205-308, pls. xiii.—xvii. 

15) H. J. Hansen. “Organs and Characters in different Orders of 
Arachnids,” Entomol. Medd. Ent. For. Kj6benhavn, iy. (1893-94) 
pp. 137-251, pls. ii.—v. 


(16) R. J. Lewts. “Onan undescribed Species of Chelifer,” Journ. 


Quekett Micros. Club, (2) viii. (1903) pp. 497-498, pl. xxv. 


The following list contains papers dealing with abnor- 
malities in the segmentation of Arthropods and Annelids 
published after Mr. Friend’s Bibliography :— 


(17) H. Frrenp, “ ‘ Hare-lip’ in Earthworms,’’ Nature, xlvii. (1893) 


pp. 816-817. 


(18) C. J. Cort. “ Ueber Anomalien der Segmentirung bei Anneliden 


und deren Bedeutung fiir die Theorie der Metamerie,” Zeitschr. 
wiss. Zool. liv. 1892, pp. 569-578, Taf. xxv. 


(19) T. H. Morgan. ‘Spiral Modification of Metamerism,” Journ. of 


Morph. vii. (1893) pp. 245-251. 


(20) F. Bucnwanan. “ Peculiarities in the Segmentation of certain 


Polychetes,” Quart. Journ. Micr. Science, xxxiy. (1893) pp. 529- 
544, pl. xlii. 


(21) W. Bareson. ‘ Materials for the Study cf Variation.” London, 


1894. Chapter VI. “ Imperfect Segmentation,” pp. 156-159. 


(22) E. A. ANDRews. “Some Abnormal Annelids,’ Quart. Journ. 


Micr. Science, xxxvi. (1894) pp. 435-460, pls. xxxii.—xxxiv. 


(23) F. D. Morice. Proc. Ent. Soc. London, 1901, p. xvii: Meeting, 


October 16, 1901. 


(24) H. J. Hansen and W. Sorensen. ‘On two Orders of Arach- 


nida.’ Cambridge, 1904. Pp. 1-178, pls. i-ix. (Stylocellus 
sumatranus, Westwood, pp. 96-97, pl. ii. fig. 4 a.) 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 


Prats VI. 
Chelifer bifissus, Sim., 9. 


Fig. 1a. Left galea, x 335. 


Fig 
Fig 
Fig 
Fig 


. 16. Left palp, x 37. 

.le. Left leg i. x 65. 

. 1d. Left leg iv., x 65. ¢, “ tactile” hair. 
. le. Tip of left tarsus i., x 335. 


Fig. 1 f. Tip of left tarsus iv., x 335, 


Fig 


~ 


Chelifer australiensis, sp. n. 


. 2a. Ventral view of cephalothorax, x 24. a,anterior genital plate ; 
Pp, posterior. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


ata: 


2a. 


26 


Mr. C. J. With on Chelonethi 


Flagellum of left antenna, x 217. 
Left antenna, x 1389. 


. Left palp, x 15. 


Hand of right palp, x 23. 


. Left leg i., x 18. 
. Left leg iv., x 18. 


Chelifer hawaiiensis, Sim. 


. Hand of right palp, x 59. a, accessory teeth; s, sense-organs. 


PuaTeE VII. 
Chelifer hawaitensis, Sim., 9. 


. Left palp, x 20. 
. Left legi., x 31. 


Left leg iv., x 31. 


. Lateral tarsal hair of left tarsus (anterior), x 205. 
. Lateral tarsal hair of left tarsus (posterior), x 205, (Variation.) 
. Left antenna, xX 190. (Variation.) 


Chelifer pacificus, sp. n., 2. 


. Left palp, x 20. 


Chelifer pallipes, White. 
Right palp, x 22. 


. Hand, x 21. 


Chelifer socotrensis, sp. 0. 


. Left palp, ¢, x 12. 
. Right coxe iii-iv., x 50. c, coxal sac. 
. Left coxal sac, almost seen from the basal end, x about 300. 


, funnel of hair; 4, base of funnel. 


. Left coxal sac in almost ventral view, X about 300. jf, as in4e¢; 


o, basal opening; /, tubercles with hairs. 


. Left coxal sac in almost posterior view. Letters as in 4c-d; 


t, free hairs of funnel. 


. Left coxal sac, almost in dorsal view, x about 800. Letters as 


in previous figures. 


. Tarsus i. of left leg, d, X 62. 22, lateral hair, inner; Le., 


outer. 


. Tarsus i. of left leg, 9, x 62. Letters as in 4g. 


Puate VIIL. 


Chelifer javanus, Thor., ¢. 
Abdominal tergites i-v., X 30, I-v, number of segments, 


Chelifer sculpturatus, Lew. 


@ in dorsal view, showing the abnormal segmentation, x 17. 
I-V, corresponding abdominal segments. 
¢. Coxe iv. and genital area, x 30. ¢, opening of coxal sac; 
a, anterior plate ; s, stigma i. within a concavity of posterior 
plate ; g, line dividing off hinder part of posterior plate ; rv, 
sternite iv. 


2c g. Right palp, x 16. 
2d. Right palp, x 16. 


Fig. 


in the British Museum. 143 


2e. From cast skin, right palp, x 55. s, sense-organs; #, tactile 
hairs. 


.2f 9. Left coxe iii.-iv., x 30. 
. 2g. Claw with lateral hair, x 145. 
1g. 2h. Cobweb of cocoon, x 550. 


Chelifer equester, sp. n. 


.3a 9. Flagellum of left antenna, x 151. 
. 36 Q. Tip of immovable finger of left antenna in ventral view, x 151. 


1, lamina exterior; ¢, terminal spine; s, five dentated lobes 
of the lamina interior. 
Q. Left galea, x 115. 


c 

.3e¢ go. Left movable finger of antenna, x 100. 

.3d Q. Coxe iii.-iv., x 34. 
3d 


od. Coxe iii-iv. with genital area, x 34. 


PuaTe IX, 
Chelifer equester, sp. 0. 


Fig.1a 3. Left palp, x 10. 
Fig.1a 9. Left palp, x 10. 
Fig.16 3. Femur of right palp, x 15. 
Fig.1b 2. Femur of right palp, x 15. 
Fig.1e¢ 3. Tibia of right palp, x 18. 
Fig.1¢ Q. Tibia of right palp, x 18. 
Fig.1d 3. Hand of right palp, x 10. 
Fig. 1d 2. Hand of right palp, x 10. 
Fig. le 3. Left legi., x 18. 
Fig. 1f 3. Left leg ii., x 18. 
Ideoroncus mexicanus, Bks., 9. 
Fig. 2a. Front part of cephalothorax, x 91. 
Fig. 2b. Serrula interior and flagellum of left antenna, x 249. 
Fig. 2c. Serrula exterior and galea of left antenna, x 249. 
Fig. 2d. Right antenna in dorsal view, x 125. 


bo bo bo bo bo bh wb 


SSio Go oer 


PLATE X. 
Ideoroncus mexicanus, Bks. 


la. Cephalothorax in ventral view, x 50. 7, interior marginal 
fissure; m, median exterior lyriform organ. 
1. Left palp, x 30. 1-8, tactile hairs of hand and immovable 
finger. 
c. Hand of right palp, x 35. Numerals as in 1 4. 
d. Left leg i., x 50. 
e. Left leg iv., x 50. 


1g. 1f. Inner lateral hair of left tarsus iv. 


Ideobisium Balzanii, sp. n., 3 - 


. Antenna and eyes in dorsal view, x 180. 

. Left immovable finger, x 216.  s, serrula, seen from edge. 
. Cephalothorax in ventral view, x 52. 

. Left palp, x 37. 1-8, tactile hairs. 

. Right hand, x 37. 4-8, tactile hairs. 

. Left legi, x 65. 

. Left leg iv., x 65. 7, tarsal “ tactile” hair. 

. Inner lateral hair of left tarsus iv, 


O, Os O, A, 0, A, 400, 


144 Bibliographical Notices. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 


Birds by Land and Sea. By Jown Mactarr Boraston, 
London: John Lane, 1905. 


“Heavens! Another bird-book!” was the first exclamation which 
escaped us on unpacking this volume. Buta glance at the beautiful 
illustrations which are copiously distributed throughout its pages 
soon convinced us that the book had at least one redeeming feature. 
Later, when we came to play the critic, we discovered that this was 
a work of real excellence, a perfectly charming series of essays, one 
for each month of the year. 

The author seems to have written out of sheer love of his subject, 
rather than with a view of writing a book which, perchance, might 
“sell.” His enthusiasm is infectious ! 

Possessing an unusual facility of expression the author is able to 
make even the most everyday fact of his subject interesting. Keen 
insight and power of interpretation are everywhere apparent in 
these essays, while here and there he is able to show his less 
fortunate brother naturalists something of the mysteries of the 
inner life of birds which are but rarely to be encountered. His 
observations, for example, respecting the migration of the starlings 
and his notes on their “ pairing flights” are new to us. 

The author’s comments on the evils unfortunately inflicted on 
our native avifauna by the game-preserver are peculiarly to the 
point and have our most cordial sympathy. Never has the case 
been stated more clearly or more forcibly. He also inflicts a 
well-merited castigation on a certain Field “‘ Naturalists’” (!) Club, 
whose conduct at Puffin Island ill-agreed with their title to the 
elaim of ‘‘ Naturalists.” 

Valuable hints on the methods of one of the most difficult 
branches of photography—the photography of living birds—are 
dropped incidentally by the author, and for these many who read 
this book will be grateful. 

Books by what we may call camera-naturalists are legion, but 
this is one of the very best that has yet appeared. 

W. P. Pycrart. 


Our Country’s Animals, and how to know them. By W. J. Gorpon. 
London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. (n. d.). 


Tuts volume is the last of the series which have appeared under the 
above title. We suppose it will be useful to some people, and, so 
far as we have examined it, it appears to be fairly accurate; but 
we would point out that the metapterygoid has nothing to do with 
the quadrate bone, the astragalus and calcaneum are not metatarsal 


Miscellaneous. 145 


bones, the Microchceride do not belong to the Insectivora but to 
the Lemurs; Hyracotherium was not Tapir-like, and Ornithostoma 
was not a Crocodile. 

We note, as in former volumes, too many instances of loose 
writing, such as “The land Carnivores can be sorted out on their 
Inna tees. 272"... - 

The long lists of names of fossil species serve to fill out the 
book, but it is doubtful whether they fulfil any other useful end 
whatever, 


MISCELLANEOUS.. 


The Echinoid Name Discoidea subucula. 
By F. A. Barner, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). 


A FRIENDLY criticism of the labels attached to specimens of this 
Cretaceous Echinoid in the Geological Department of the British 
Museum has caused me to look the matter up. There is nothing 
very novel in the conclusions to which I have been led; indeed 
the tangle was almost entirely unravelled by Mr. J. Lambert twelve 
years ago *, But there are four reasons for reopening the question : 
first, Mr. Lambert’s views appear to have passed unnoticed by 
British authors, in spite of the ‘Zoological Record’; secondly, his 
conclusions are vitiated in the eyes of most zoologists by his accept- 
ance of the pre-Linnean and unbinominal writer Klein; thirdly, a 
further erroneous alteration of the nomenclature recently appeared 
in a book for which I was largely responsible ; and, lastly, after 
lying perdu for just a century, another use of the name Discoides 
claims attention. It may therefore be well to defend the name at 
the head of this note. : 

The name Discoides was invented by Kleint for a genus of his 
section Fibula, he saying in explanation :—“ Discoidem appellamus 
mutuato nomine a figura Disci veterum (ff) qui cum vase ligneo 

“(ff) Lucerna pregrandis &c. ccenarumque reliquiis discus &c., 
Apul, 2, Miles, p. 125.” 
tornato convexo-concayo, quo nos reliquias ex mensa reponimus, 
‘comparari potest. Tischkorb, Tellerschussel.” The sole species 
mentioned under this name was called by him Discoides subuculus. 

Several of Klein’s names were legitimized in 1778 by Leske in 


* “ Recherches sur les Echinides de l’Aptien de Grandpré,” Bull. Soc. 
Géol. France, (3) xx. p. 77 et sqqg.; Nov. 1892. See further, Lambert, 
“ Etude... Echinides crétacés dans lYonne,” Bull, Soc. Sci. Yonne, 
xlviii. pp. 58, 59; 1894. 

y+ Nat. Disp. Echinodermatum, p. 26; 1734. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 10 


146 Miscellaneous. 


his ‘ Additamenta ad... Klein &c.’; but the name Discoides was 
not so endorsed. On the contrary, Leske threw Conulus and Dis- 
coides, Klein’s two “genera” of Fibula, into a single genus, for 
which he proposed the name Echinites *. The sixth species of this 
was Echinites subuculus Leske ex Klein. 

The first writer to resuscitate Discoides appears to have been 
James Parkinson, who in vol. iii. of ‘Organic Remains’ (1811) 
gave a good account of fossil Echinoids, based upon, but not blindly 
following, that of Leske. On p. 20 he says, “The second genus of 
this section is Discotdes, the only species of which is subuculus.” 

Parkinson has been strangely overlooked, and most writers have 
taken J. E. Grayt as the authority for the genus, and have 
supposed themselves to be following him in spelling the name 
‘© Discoidea.” In Gray’s paper, however, the spelling is “ Discodea,” 
which may be a misprint for Discoidea, or, as Mr, Alexander 
Agassiz has supposed, for Discoides, since anything is possible in a 
paper so full of misprints. As type, Gray quoted Galerites rotularis, 
Lamarck’s name for Discoides subuculus. The spelling Discoidea 
seems to have been first used in 1836 by L. Agassiz +, who, under 
the heading ‘‘ Discoidea macropyga Agass.” (p. 137), wrote :— 
‘‘M. Gray a judicieusement distingué de nouveau les Galérites a 
ambulacres étroits, que Klein désignait sous le nom de Conulus, et 
dont le G. vulgaris Lam. est le type, de celles dont les aires ambu- 
lacraires sont sensiblement plus larges, et que Klein appelait 
Discoidea [sic], pour en faire un genre dont le G. rotularis Lam. est 
le type.” In hissystematic summary of slightly later date (p. 186), 
under “* Les Clypéastres,” he placed [Genus] “4. Discormna Kl. et 
Gr. (Conulus Leske.—Echinodiscites V. Ph.—Galerites Lam.)” ; 
then follows the diagnosis and list of species, including “ D. rotularis 
Kl. [sic] (Galerites rotul. Lam.).” Therefore those who, for good 
or bad reason, prefer the form “ Discoidea,” should write ‘* Discoidea 
Agassiz (emend. Discodea Gray, err. typ.).” 

But Discoides Parkinson could be rejected only if the name were 
preoccupied for some other genus. This proves to be the case, 
L. Agassiz, in his ‘ Nomenclator,’ under Mollusca, quoted ‘“ Dis- 
coides, Ren.,=Pleurobranchus,” giving no reference. Writers on 


* Op. cit. p. 171 of original edition, p. 107 of reissue in same year. In 
Leske’s synopsis of his own species and genera, on p, xviii, this is intro- 
duced as ‘*Genus IIL. Conulus Klemm. Zchinites mihi.” This and the 
fact that Echinites had already been used by Gesner (‘ Tract. phys. de 
Petrif.’ p. 34; 1758) warrant the adoption of Conwus. The genotype is 
Conulus, vel Echinites, albo-galerus Leske ex Klein; but this is con- 
generic with Echinites vulgaris, the genotype of Galerites Lamarck 
(‘ Anim. sans Vertébres,’ p. 8346 ; 1801), which therefore is a synonym of 
Conulus. Echinoconus A. d@’Orbigny ex Breynius, is another synonym. 

+ “An Attempt to divide the Kchinida &c.,” Ann. Philos, xxvi. p. 429 ; 
Dec. 1825. Many writers quote “‘ Gray, 1834,” but no such paper can 
be found ; probably they are misled by the words “de nouveau,” in the 
paper by Agassiz quoted below. 

t Mém, Soc. Neuchatel, i. pp. 187 & 186, 


Miscellaneous. 147 


Mollusca seem to have ignored this, with the exception of Herr- 
mannsen +, who has this entry: ‘* Discoides Renieri (? 1807. Tavol. 
classif.* [*=not seen]) teste Agass. Nom... . =Plewrobranchus 
Cuvier.” 

After much trouble on the part of many friends, I have at last 
received, through the most kind exertions of Professor Dante 
Pantanelli of Modena, a clear and almost complete account of the 
work referred to. The author’s name was Stefano Andrea Renter, 
of Chioggia. The title of the pamphlet in question is ‘Tavola 
alfabetica | delle conchiglie adriatiche.’ The copy in the library of 
Padua University—the only copy that could be seen—has lost the 
full titlepage ; according to Carus and Engelmann (Bibliogr. Zool. 
p- $31) it continued “ nominate dietro il sistema di Linneo, edizione 
di Gmelin. s.l. 1788.” Professor Pantanelli, however, asserts that 
the date is indubitably 1804. The date 1807, given by Herr- 
mannsen, refers to another pamphlet, No, 1 in Agassiz and Strick- 
land’s Bibliography, while the date 1788 may be due toa confusion 
with No. 5 in that Bibliography. For the present discussion it is 
enough to admit that any possible date is anterior to 1811. 

The book is a folio and comprises two sections: Part I. pp. v—xiil, 
entitled “* Molluschi cioé Lamellibranchi e Gasteropodi compresi 
quelli terrestri” ; Part Il. pp. xv—xxvi, ‘‘ Prospetto delle classe dei 
vermi ossia Molluschi—Vermi intestinali—Polipi.” At the end are 
eight large systematic tables, preceded by a titlepage. This copy 
may possibly be incomplete so far as the number of tables is 
concerned. 

The name Discoides is found only in Part II., and occurs first in 
line 5 on p. xvi, being the ninth in a list of genera of Mollusca, 
thus :— 

“IX Discoide JDiscoidesRen. OJDiscoide JDiscoide barcolante 
D.natans JD. Branlant Renier.” 

At the foot of the page are various footnotes; of these (c) gives 
a description of the genus and (d) an account of the locomotion of 
the species and of its chief variations. The author promises a 
more complete description of the species, with anatomical details 
and a figure, in a future “Saggio” ; but this he never published. 
The descriptions here given are, however, enough to justify the 
name Discoides. Whether that name is a synonym of Pleuro- 
branchus, established by Cuvier about the same time, must be left 
to the malacologists to determine. 

The Echinoid genus therefore cannot bear the name Discoides 
Parkinson 1811, but must accept the modification Discoidea. The 
American school of purists would enforce the validity of Gray’s 
misprint, while a contrary school would reject both Discoidea and 
Discodea because of their common etymology with Discoides. The 
latter view, which I do not admit, might lead to the acceptance of 
one of the names next to be considered. 

Gradually other species were described as belonging to the genus, 


+ Indicis generum malacoz. &c., i, p. 894; 1846. 


148 Miscellaneous. 


and in 1883 Pomel, perhaps following a suggestion by Desor *, 
thought it necessary to separate these from the true Diseoidea 
(D. subuculus) as a subgenus Pithodia, of which, if it were accepted, 
the type would be D. cylindrica F. 

Ignoring this action by Pomel, P. Martin Duncan, on p. 139 of 
his ** Revision of the Echinoidea ” +, proposed a similar subdivision 
of the genus on very similar grounds, and erected a subgenus 
Echinites, of which the unique representative was D. subuculus. 
The name, as we have seen, was doubly preoccupied, indeed trebly, 
for Miller and Troschel had also used it for an Asteroid. The 
subdivision had been anticipated by Pomel. And Duncan’s method 
of subdivision was impossible, since D. subuculus is the genotype of 
Discoidea. 

Prof. J. W. Gregory, however, while properly rejecting the name 
Echinites, has gone further, and not merely proposed a new name, 
Protocyamus, ‘‘ to indicate the affinity of this Echinoid with the 
Echinocyamus series,” but has raised the form to the dignity of a 
genus §, 

The name Protocyamus cannot stand, and it is very doubtful 
whether any subdivision is required. Gregory made no attempt to 
rebut the arguments of Lambert, who (op. cit. 1892) pointed out 
that the chief diagnostic character used by both Pomel and Duncan, 
namely the distribution of the hydropores on the genital plates, was 
one that, in some genera at any rate, varied among individuals of 
a single species. 

So far, then, the conclusion is that all the species should be left 
in one genus under the name Discoidea Agassiz. 

As for the trivial name subuculus, the question has been raised 
whether it should not be swbucula. Klein, Leske, and, indeed, most 
authors have written subuculus. Klein explains this as ‘‘ Kamisol- 
Knopff” (Anglice “ shirt-button”), which, however, is not a trans- 
lation of subuculus, but includes the word Fibula understood, since 
the Conulus and Discoides of Klein are divisions of his “ Sectio I. 
Fibula,” which he explains as a Spherula vel glomerula vestiaria. 
Subuculus, then, was Klein’s Latin for Kamisol ; but the Latin word 
used by Horace and many other authors (see Facciolati and Forcel- 
lini’s Lexicon) was subucula, signifying ‘* a man’s shirt,” masculine 
enough in meaning if not in form. If no other authority for sub- 
uculus can be found, it seems preferable to employ in the Exhibition 
Galleries of the British Museum the spelling Discoidea subucula. 


* ‘Synopsis des Echinides,’ p. 175; 1858. 

+ Pomel, “ Classification méthodique &c.,” Doctoral Thesis, Fac. Sci. 
Paris, Alger, p. 75. 

¢ Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiii.; 31 Dec., 1889. 

§ ‘Treatise on Zoology,’ ed. Lankester, vol. iii. “ Echinoderma,” p. 316 ; 
1900 


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THE ANNALS 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, 
[SEVENTH SERIES.] 


No. 86. FEBRUARY 1905. 


XI.—New Species of Eastern Heterocera in the National 
Collection. By Colonel CHARLES Swinnor, M.A., 
ELE S.; &c. 


Family Chalcosiide. 
Chalcosia electra, nov. 


3. Frons white, shaft of antenne metallic blue, pectina- 
tions black ; head and thorax black, covered with metallic- 
blue scales; abdomen pale ochreous brown, with white 
segmental thin bands: fore wings dark greenish black, with 
a dark dull ochreous subapical band, like two oval spots 
joined together, extending from close to costa beyond the 
middle to near outer margin above the middle ; a white space 
on the hinder margin, which in the type specimen is pure 
white and in the other is white suffused with brown: hind 
wings white, with a black apical border, broad at the apex 
and narrowing down the outer margin; in the Santabong 
example with black streaks below the costa; some metallic- 
blue scales at the base of the fore wings in the type specimen, 
on both wings in the other. Underside much as above, but 
there is much blue scaling on the basal portion of the fore 
wings and at the apex of both wings: body and legs white. 

Expanse of wings 14 inch. 

1 g, Pewrisoen, Borneo (Shelford) (type). 

1 g, Santabong, Borneo (Shelford). 

I know of no near ally. 

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. Ti 


150 Col. C. Swinhoe on new 


Family Drepanulide. 


Problepsidis neoma, nov. 


g. White, suffused with pale chestnut-brown irrorations 
in parts; two nearly straight brown lines from the abdominal 
margin of the hind wings, the first from one third, theother from 
the middle, run parallel across both wings and suddenly 
converge on the middle of vein 5 of fore wings, and run from 
thence in a single line to the costa near the apex; between 
these lines on the fore wing is a large hyaline space ; the rest 
of the wing is lightly suffused; on the outer margin there is 
a fairly broad pale pinkish band, composed of large pale 
pinkish spots joined together; marginal line brown; cilia pale 
pinkish, marked with brown: hind wings with the inner 
area nearly white, the outer area from the outer line to the 
margin with dark suffusion, and through the middle of the 
disk a dentated white line ; marginal line white; cilia white 
and brown. Underside white, the hyaline patch on fore 
wings prominent, bordered outwardly by a dark brown band: 
hind wings with a broad dark brown band, which covers a 
third of the wing. 

Expanse of wings 3%; inch. 

Singapore (Lizdley). 

Allied to carneotincta, Warren,=excisa, Umpsn. 


Problepsidis tristis, nov. 

3. White; pectinations of antenne ochreous: fore wings 
with a broad pale brown medial band from the middle of 
hinder margin to the upper end of the cell; asimilar marginal 
band from the hinder angle to vein 6, through which runs a 
white dentated line: hind wings with very faint indications 
of two similar bands; on the medial bands of both wings are 
some white, iridescent, raised scales. Underside white ; fore 
wings with a brown band from the middle of the hinder 
margin, which is curved at vein 6 and runs down again to 
the hinder margin near the angle. 

Expanse of wings 1 inch. 

Matang, Borneo (Shelford). 

Has the fore wing somewhat excavated below the apex, 
and is allied to carneotincta, Warren. 


Callidrepana pilana, nov. 


9. The upper half of the hind wings, including the entire 
cell, is whitish; otherwise the entire coloration of body and 


Species of Eastern Heterocera. 151 


wings is very uniform dark ochreous, covered with very 
minute iridescent white scales, and on the middle of the fore 
wings a few black atoms; a straight dark orange line runs 
from below the middle of the abdominal margin of the hind 
wings to near the falcated apex of the fore wings (obsolete 
on the whitish portion of the hind wings); an indistinct 
indication of a dentated orange submarginal line on both 
wings and dark marginal line and cilia. Underside of a 
uniform pale orange ochreous, without any markings. 

Expanse of wings 14 inch. 

Matang, Borneo (She/ford). 

Antenne bipectinate, the branches short. 


Family Limacodide. 


Parasa insignis, nov. 


3 @. Of a uniform dark bright chocolate-colour; a pale 
spot on the palpi above near the tip; a green spot behind 
the base of each antenna; a green antemedial transverse 
band on the fore wings from before the middle of the hinder 
margin to the middle of the costa, narrow and broken in the 
male, broad and unbroken in the female, and somewhat ex- 
panded on the costa. Underside of the same uniform dark 
bright chocolate-colour ; a whitish space on the basal half of 
the hinder margin of fore wings; legs with pale spots. The 
female is paler chocolate than the male, the hind wings and 
the underside considerably paler. 

Expanse of wings, ¢ 1,3), 2 2 inches. 

3 2, Borneo, 1904 (Shelford) (types). 

1 g, Borneo, 1904 (Shelford), 

oe Kuching, Borneo, 1902 (Shelford). 

Belongs to the lepida group. 


Family Lymantriide, 
Euproctis dirtea, nov. 


3. Antenne, palpi, head, thorax, and fore wings dark 
dull greyish ochreous ; palpi brown above ; shaft of antenne 
brown, a white spot at the base on each side: fore wings 
irorated with black atoms; a prominent black spot at the 
end of the cell; two dark grey, transverse, even bands, ante- 
medial much outwardly curved, the other discal and very 
slightly curved ; a concolorous cilia with grey patches: hind 
wings dull yellow ; the abdominal area broadly brownish ; 
abdomen brownish black ; anal tuft dull yellow. Underside 

1 


152 Col. C. Swinhoe on new 


of a pale dull ochreous, the abdominal area of hind wings 

brownish ; a prominent large black spot at the end of the 

cell in both wings: body and legs without markings. 
Expanse of wings 1,'5 inch. 


Kuching, Borneo, 2 g (Shelford). 


Belongs to the plana group. 


Family Hepialide. 
Palpifer pellicia, nov. 


3 @. Of a uniform dull brown colour above and below, a 
slight red tinge on the hairs of the legs: the fore wings above 
have a very small white dot in the middle of the cell, which, 
however, is not visible in all examples; the hind wings have 
a moderately large yellowish spot on the outer margin below 
the apex; there are no other markings. 

Expanse of wings 38-1445 inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Allied to P. ce@rulescens, Swinhoe; paler in colour, the 
wings more sparsely clothed, and uniformly smaller ; c@ru- 
lescens has a prominent large white spot in the middle of the 
cell of fore wings and no yellow spot on the hind wings. I 
have five examples of this new form and have examined 
several others. 


Family Trifide. 
Caradrina pretexta, nov. 


3g ¢. Ochreous brown; palpi with pale hairs in front; 
thorax with a brownish band in front; abdomen of the 
male with blackish-brown hairs and luteous anal tuft: 
fore wings variegated with pale luteous-grey marks; a pale 
antemedial transverse line, edged on each side with brown, a 
short outward angle in the middle, and bent inwards shortly 
on to the costa and on to the hinder margin; a postmedial 
similar line, which, however, is not bent inwards at its lower 
end; a submarginal sinuous pale line, edged on its inner side 
with brown ; orbicular a small black spot, pale-ringed ; reni- 
form black, large, somewhat ear-shaped, and ringed with a 
pale line: hind wings pale brown, a brown lunule at the end 
of the cell; marginal line pale, interrupted on fore wings: 
cilia of fore wings brown, of hind wings luteous, with a 
brown basal line. Underside grey ; a brown lunule at the 


a 


Species of Eastern LHeterocera. 153 


end of each cell; both wings with dark grey discal lines and 
pale submarginal fascia. 

Expanse of wings 1)%p inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

‘here is an example from Darjiling in the B. M., 
drawer 142. 


Euplexia flavistigma. 
NXylophasia flavistigma, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 50; Hmpsn. no. 1715. 
AX) ger sodalis, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. ‘Hist. (5) i, p.83; Hmpsn. 
no i 

Apamea strigidisca, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1881, p. 346, pl. xxxviil. fig. 9. 

Apamea basalis, Moore, l. ¢. p. 346, 

Apamea denticulosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 109, pl. iv. fig. 18 (1882). 

Apamea obliquiorbis, Moore, J. c. p. 109. 

Khasia Hills ; common. 

The type from Bengal is in Coll. Staudinger, but the 
description is good, and there cav be no mistake about the 
identification ; the type of sodalis from Japan is in the B. M., 
so are also the types of sérigidisca from Sikkim, basalis trom 
Dalhousie, and obliquiorbis from Darjiling; the type of 
denticulosa from Darjiling is also in Coll. Staudinger, but the 
description and figure are good: all the above are undoubtedly 
one species. Sir George Hampson puts Hadena constellata, 
Moore (Lep. Atk. p. 180, pl. iv. fig. 21), from Sikkim, the 
type of which is also in Coll. Staudinger, as a synonym 
to flavistigma, but neither the description nor the figure 
corresponds. 


Family Acontiida. 
Agrophila burmana, nov. 


d. Frons with a pale luteous band; thorax and fore 
wings luteous white ; abdomen grey, with white rings: fore 
wings with a very broad blackish-brown marginal band, 
occupying nearly half the wing ; this band has a 1 clearly cut 
inner edge, is narrow at the apex, curves round the reniform 
to the middle of the wing, then almost straight down to the 
hinder margin; the rest ‘of the wing is luteous white, with a 
medial double line, nearly erect, and some pale blackish- 
brown marks on the costa; marginal line whitish; the 
reniform is a round ringlet, the orbicular is not visible: hind 
wings brownish, without markings. 

Expanse of wings 75 inch. 


Beeling, Burma (Bingham). 


154 Col. C. Swinhoe on new 


I have several examples, all identical; it appears to be a 
good and uniform species. There is one in the B. M. from 
Thyetmyo, Burma, in drawer 195, with A. basifera, Walker. 


Maliattha stolasa, nov. 


3 @. White, minutely irrorated with chestnut-red atoms ; 
palpi, frons, and antennze chestnut-red: fore wings with 
the costal border and outer portions suffused with that 
colour; some white specks on the costa; indications of 
two outwardly curved white lines before and beyond the 
middle rather close together ; a white transverse streak below 
the apex close to the outer margin: hind wings grey ; 
marginal line of both wings white; cilia white, interlined 
with grey. 

Expanse of wings 48 inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Allied to MZ. plumbata, Butler, from Dharmsala, which 
T also have from Simla; is common in the Khasia Hills. 
here is in the B. M. drawer 199, unnamed, one from Arjuno, 
Java, and one from Sarawak, which appear to me to be 
identical with the Khasia Hill form. 


Cerynea rubra, nov. 


3. Palpi, frons, and head chocolate-brown ; body and 
wings reddish-orange colour: costa of fore wings broadly 
chocolate-brown ; two brown dots at the end of the cell; a 
pale lunular mark halfway between these and the outer 
margin: hind wings with a brown mark in the cell, some in 
the middle, and some in the disk; apparently indications of 
transverse bands, of which there are also some indications on 
the fore wings: both wings variegated with marks of darker 
orange ; brown marginal festoon and black spots. Underside 
smoky grey, the wings crossed by three indistinct grey bands ; 
legs brownish grey. 

Expanse of wings 7y inch. 

Matang, Borneo (Shelford). 

Allied to ustula, Hmpsn., from Ceylon, and superficially 
somewhat resembling it; but that insect has broader wings 
and two spots at the end of each cell. 


Rivula niveipuncta, nov. 
&. Palpi, head, and collar pale ochreous grey ; thorax and 
fore wings dark olive-brown ; spots on fore wings pure white, 
subbasal, ante- and postmedial, and two close to the apex; 


Species of Eastern Heterocera. 195 


two white dots below the second spot, a cluster of many spots 
and dots below the third, three dots on the costa between 
the third and fourth, with two or three dots below them; 
a large white subbasal spot within the wing and two dots 
in a line beyond: hind wings and abdomen pale brown, 
without markings. Underside: fore wings grey, with the 
apical spots and some spots and dots on the outer half of the 
costa: hind wings whitish, with a grey spot at the end of the 
cell and a grey discal line. 

Expanse of wings 75 inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Somewhat resembling PR. néphosticta, Hmpsn., from Ceylon, 
but the spots on the fore wings are differently arranged. 


Family Palindide. 
Homodes irretita, nov. 


3S. Of a uniform dull dark fulvous, brighter than fulva, 
Hmpsn., which I have from Ceylon, but duller than in crocea, 
Guenée, or vivida, Guenée, the margins slightly darker than 
the interior portions of the wings; antemedial and medial 
slightly waved, dark transverse lines nearly erect on the fore 
wings, the inner line continued on the hind wings, curving 
slightly outwards; duplex dentated discal lines across both 
wings, the inner line having black points on the dentations on 
the hind wings; the first three lines ending in black dots on 
the costa of the fore wings; duplex dark red submarginal lines 
on both wings, enclosing a series of small black lunular 
marks ; black lunules close to the outer marginal black line ; 
all the black points and lunules with minute white points 
attached tothem. Underside of a uniform fulvous-red colour ; 
fore legs with thick whitish hairs. 

Expanse of wings 1,°; inch. 

Khasia Hills (type). 

Silchar, Cachar. 

There is one example in the B. M. from the Khasia Hills; 
there are also in the same drawer three from Fergusson 
Island, three from the Solomons, and three from Singapore 
which cannot be separated from this form. It is nearest to 
bracteigutta, Walker, from Sarawak, the type of which is in 
Mus. Oxon. 


Family Sarrothripide. 
Genus NANAGUNA, Walker. 


Nanaguna, Walker, xxvii. 85 (1868). 
Clettharra, Walker, xxvii. 101. 
Orosa, Walker, xxxiy, 1222 (1865). 


156 Col. C. Swinhoe on new 


Nanaguna breviuscula. 
Nanaguna breviuscula, Walker, xxvii. 85. 
Cettharra valida, Walker, xxvii. 101; Hmpsn. no. 2237. 
Cletthara floccifera, Hmpsn. Moths India, i, p. 386 (1894). 
Khasia Hills ; common. 
Also from Nagas, Burma, Ceylon, and Borneo; very 
variable in shades of colour. 


Nanaguna aquisoides, nov. 


3 2. Palpi brown, white at the base and tips of the last 
joint; frons brown; head and thorax white, the latter with 
brown specks; wings and abdomen dark olive-brown : fore 
wings with white suffusion, speckled with brown at the base 
and on the costal and apical areas, forming a circle round the 
brown portion of the wing ; indications of a subbasal brown 
line, of a discal line outwardly angled at vein 3, and of a sub- 
marginal line, but all very indistinct; marginal line dark 
blackish brown: hind wings slightly pale brown, without 
markings. Underside dull brown, marginal line pale, no 
markings; tarsi with pale bands. 

Expanse of wings 1; inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

There is one example in the B. M. Deltoid drawer no. 45, 
without name, from the Khasia Hills ; superficially this insect 
is much like Aquis viridisquama, Walker, xv. 1652, from 
Sarawak. 


Labanda viridalis, nov. 


3 ¢. Frons, head, thorax, and fore wings green (the 
ground-colour is really white, thickly irrorated with minute 
green atoms): fore wings with a broad basal black band, 
some green markings inside it near the base, representing the 
subbasal transverse line; the discoidal vein thickly black, 
making a prominent lunule; an antemedial, slightly dentate, 
black line close to the outer margin of the basal band; an 
outwardly curved discal similar line, duplex in parts, a sub- 
marginal similar broken line outwardly edged with white; a 
marginal black line; cilia green, with black patches ; ‘a black 
suppressed largish spot on the costa at the middle, another 
much larger at one third from apex, and two small ones close 
to the apex, and two more prominent spots below them, 
the lower one the larger: hind wings brown, unmarked : 
abdomen brown, with black and green crests. Underside 


Species of Hustern Heterocera. 157 


brown, without markings, except for a few pale spots on the 
costa of fore wings. 
Expanse of wings, g:1, 2 1,%5 inch. 
Khasia Hills. 
There is an example from the Khasia Hills in the B. M. 
drawer no. 44. 
Blennia fumosa, nov. 


?. Palpi grey, brown-speckled ; head, thorax, and fore 
wings chocolate-brown, with a slight greenish tinge ; trans- 
verse lines slightly darker than the ground-colour, all very 
indistinct—first subbasal, sinuous, and double, second just 
before the middle, also double, bent outwards, third similar 
and discal, fourth submarginal, single, and marked with 
white and brown dots; a broad blackish shade or diffused 
oblique band from the middle of the costa to the hinder 
margin near the angle, marginal points whitish: hind wings 
paler and with an ochreous tinge, blackish on the outer 
margin ; indications of a thin, ochreous, waved, discal band; 
cilia dull ochreous. Underside: body, legs, and inner half 
of wings pale greyish brown, outer half of wings dull black ; 
some dull ochreous spots on costa of fore wings towards apex ; 
both wings crossed by a thin dull ochreous band, outwardly 
angled below the middle on the hind wings; cilia of both 
wings dull ochreous. 

Eixpanse of wings 1,8, inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Not nearly allied to anything I know of; fore wings 
narrower and longer than is usual in the genus, outer margin 
rounded, 


Family Haliade. 
Topadesa sanguinea. 
Topadesa sanguinea, Moore, Lep, Atk. p. 280 (1882), 
Khasia Hills. 


Moore described a male from Sikkim, the type of which is 
in Coll. Staudinger ; there is one male from Darjiling in the 
B. M.; LI have now received several pairs from the Khasia 
Hills. 

The female differs from the male in the colour of the fore 
wings being purple instead of fiery red, the fiery-red colour 
only showing on the edging of the purple; no cell-spot; the 
front half of the thorax is also purple and the upper part of 
the abdomen is smeared with pale purplish grey. ‘Che under- 
side is much as in the male, cell-spot and all but the interior 
of the fore wing is suffused with purple. 


158 Col. C. Swinhoe on new 


Family Stictopterida. 
Gyrtona niveivitta, nov. 


@. Brown-black ; abdomen pale black; the hind wings 
very slightly paler than the fore wings, the latter with a 
broad white subcostal stripe from the base to the outer 
margin a little below the apex; the upper side of the stripe 
even, the lower side rough; the orbicular invisible, the 
reniform a black ringlet, within the stripe; two submarginal 
sinuous white lines, well separated, pale spots on the outer 
margin and black crenulated line; cilia of both wings with 
white tips. Underside dull black, without markings. 

Expanse of wings 35 inch. 

1 ?, Kuching, Sarawak (type). 

1 ¢, Penang. 


Family Gonopteride. 
Cosmophila excavata, nov. 


9. Of a uniform pale greyish chocolate-colour; palpi on 
the inner sides, head, and collar white, thickly irrorated with 
ochreous brown: fore wings thickly irrorated with ochreous 
brown in parts, leaving a more or less clear space before the 
middle and a space at the apex: hind wings with similar 
irrorations on the disk, almost forming a band; through this 
and up the fore wings runs a very acutely dentated submar- 
ginal line ; some brown marks above the middle of the outer 
margin of fore wings, one at the angle, and one at the apex; 
cilia of both wings pale ochreous, with white tips, interlined 
with brown, the interline macular on the fore wings above 
the angle. 

Expanse of wings 1,’ inch. 

Sadong, Borneo (Shelford). 

I do not quite know where to put this insect without 
examining its male; the apex of fore wings is acute, the 
outer margin is produced at vein 4 and rather deeply exca- 
vated between this and the apex; the outer margin of the 
hind wings is slightly angled at vein 2 and is quite straight 
between veins 2 and 6, like a Focillid. 


Tympanistes flavescens, nov. 


gd. Antenne, palpi, head, body, and fore wings dull pale 
yellow; head, thorax, and costal and basal portions of fore 
wings suffused with olive-green ; transverse olive-green lines 
distinct, prominent, highly sinuous, and dentated in parts— 


Species of Eastern Heterocera. 159 


subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal, the last 
broken and irregular; outer margin with black dots between 
the veins: hind wings white, with pinkish suffusion on the 
abdominal area. Underside pale yellowish white ; costal area 
of fore wings suffused strongly with pink ; a brown subapical 
spot on the costa and another below it ; legs with brownish 
hairs. 

Expanse of wings 1y4y inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Between 7’ testacea, Moore, and T. rubidorsalis, Moore, 
but the lines in these forms are not dentated, are much less 
sinuous, the coloration is nearly white, and the undersides 
have no markings whatever. 


Carea dione, nov. 


3 ¢. Antenne, palpi, and frons chestnut-colour; collar and 
patagia purplish brown, the rest of the thorax, the abdomen, 
and fore wings pale creamy pink, with minute brown irrora- 
tions; these are collected densely together in parts and form 
subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal oblique 
bands, the postmedial being the broadest and darkest, ex- 
tending from a little beyond the middle of the costa to the 
hinder angle; there are also two transverse, brown, straight 
lines, the first oblique, from the middle of the costa, the other 
nearly erect, from the costal third to the hinder margin near 
the angle; cilia brown: hind wings pale pinkish, without 
markings. Underside pale pinkish, without markings. 

Expanse of wings 14 inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Fore wings with the outer margin rounded. Allied to 
fasciata, Moore, which I have also from the Khasia Hills; 
but that form is of an almost uniform dark brown-pink, with 
discal and submarginal highly sinuous transverse lines and 
shorter wings. 


Family Quadrifide. 


Hypetra ruinosa, nov. ? 


¢. Antenne, palpi, head, thorax, and fore wings dark 
chocolate-brown ; palpi whitish beneath, and speckled with 
white above : fore wings with the outer third smeared with a 
glaucous sheen; black patches on the costa; a large oval 
black patch on the disk, touching the glaucous band, ringed 
inwardly with deeper black; the black line running partly 
along the inner limit of the glaucous band; many lunular 


160 Col. C. Swinhoe on new 


and sinuous grey bands across the wing, more or less indis- 
tinct; a double black, sinuous, submarginal line: hind wings 
dark brown, the outer part more or less glaucous; two 
ochreous marks near anal angle; cilia dark brown, with two 
subapical white spots and one near anal angle. 

Expanse of wings 1,5—1,%5 inch. 

1 ¢, Singapore (type) (¢dley). 

2 ?, Kuching, Borneo (She/ford). 

1 ¢, Andamans (Moore Coll.). 

Allied to includens, Walker. 


Hypetra trifasciata, nov. 


d. Palpi dark chestnut-brown above, white beneath, last 
joint ochreous grey beneath ; head, body, and wings of a 
uniform pale brownish grey, irrorated and striated in parts 
with blackish brown: fore wings crossed by three nearly erect 
blackish fascia or bands, rather broad and more or less in- 
complete, these bands themselves containing in places small 
darker black patches, marginal festoon grey, points black: 
hind wings paler on the costal space, where there are no 
irrorations ; indications of a discal transverse line, elbowed 
outwardly below the middle, where there is a black spot, 
marginal festoon grey, points grey. Underside ochreous 
grey, almost whitish, very uniform in colour, no markings ; 
the long hairs on the legs variegated, black and ochreous 
grey. 

lixpanse of wings 1,/¢ inch. 

1 g, Kapaur, N. Guinea (type) (Doherty). 

1 g, Fergusson Island (JZeek). 


Hamodes Butlert. 
Thermesia (?) Butlert, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1900, p. 570. 
Khasia Hills ; fairly common. 
‘he type came from Western China; the Khasia Hills 
examples are paler in colour, but are not separable. 


Family Focillide. 
Zethes pallidiplaga, nov. 
g. Uniform greyish white, slightly tinged with ochreous ; 
palpi brown, with pale tips; a pale chestnut-brown large 
patch on the thorax: fore wings with a subbasal broad 


band, a brown dot in the cell, a transverse sinuous line, a 
large almost square patch, its top touching the costa, its 


Species of Eastern [Teterocera. 161 


lower end touching a transverse, outwardly bent, pale line; 
a large, also nearly square, patch on the outer margin at the 
apex; a submarginal grey line and brown marginal spots : 
hind wings with antemedial and submarginal sinuous grey 
lines, a medial straight pale line, a large chestnut-browna 
patch at the anal angle. 

Expanse of wings 1,5 inch. 

Penang (Flower) (type). 

Isabel Island, Solomons (Meek). 

The Isabel example has the patches smaller, but is other- 
wise very similar to the type specimen. 


Zethes enigmaria, nov. 


3 @. Dark red-brown, with an ochreous tint and varie- 
gated with ochreous patches: fore wings with ochreous dots 
on costa towards apex; ante- and postmedial outwardly curved 
sinuous brown lines; a large ochreous spot at the end of the 
cell, with a thin brown lunular mark inside it; an ochreous 
spot in the disk in a line with the cell, another near the 
hinder angle: hind wings with an antemedial line, a medial 
line, the space between forming an ochreous band; a discal 
line, the outer portion of the wing mostly ochreous; the 
ochreous parts mostly dull in colour ; a marginal lunular line 
on both wings and cilia with a basal ochreous line. Under- 
side pale pinkish grey on fore wings, ochreous on the hind 
wings, the former with a black subapical lunular spot on the 
costa ; indications of medial and discal lines, the outer portion 
of the wing suffused with purplish brown: hind wings with 
an antemedial line; a broad discal black band and both wings 
with black marginal line; blackish cilia with ochreous basal 
line. 

Expanse of wings 1,4) inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Allied to Z. perturbans, Walker. 


Family Deltoidide. 


Talapa birthana, nov. 


@. Palpi black, with whitish hairs on the upper side; 
head, body, and wings of a uniform pale brown, tinged with 
pink; thorax with a black patch; abdomen with brown 
segmental lines: fore wings with some short brown marks 
running along the costa; a black triangular patch before the 
middle below the cell, its outer side incurved, and edged with 


white, a black spot just above its outer end; a large black 


162 Col. C. Swinhoe on new 


suffused spot outside the patch nearly even with its upper 
side, and in this patch is a prominent white spot, with a short 
streak running from it obliquely upwards, and through it 
runs a transverse, indistinct, sinuous grey line from costa to 
hinder margin; a discal sinuous line, which is (except 
towards the costa) deep black and thick, outwardly edged 
with whitish, and followed by a whitish line close to it; 
between this and the outer margin is another sinuous but 
incomplete whitish line; marginal lunules brown, with 
whitish points; cilia with pinkish-white streaks opposite the 
veins: hind wings with indications of a medial pale line and 
pale marginal line. 

Expanse of wings 1; inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Allied to 7’. albigutta, Swinh. 


Adrapsa curiosalis, nov. 


3 ¢. Dark blackish brown, with a pink tinge: fore wings 
with a white dot in the cell, a white spot at the end, and a 
large white square patch near the apex, with a white streak 
to the costa on its inner side; both wings with a medial, 
slightly sinuous, transverse, white line, dentated in parts; a 
discal similar line rather near the margin, indistinct in parts 
and touching the inner side of the subapical patch ; marginal 
line whitish, ]unular in parts. Underside rather variegated 
in colour ; a white spot at the end of each cell; the subapical 
patch and transverse lines as above; antenna, body, and legs 
same colour as the wings, the long hairs on the fore legs of 
the male pale dirty whitish ochreous. 

Expanse of wings, ¢ 144, 2 14% inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

The antenne are somewhat as in A. albirenalis, Moore, 
but there is no hook at the base, as is the case in that species ; 
one male in my collection is almost as much variegated in 
colour above as it is below, with a pale shade inside the 
medial line. 


Catada sabada, nov. 


g. Antenne, palpi, head, and body dark olive-brown : 
fore wings with a broad band of the same colour, which 
occupies nearly the basal half of the wing, leaving a small 
basal space and the outer half of the wing dark pinkish grey ; 
the band has on each side slightly sinuous but erect white 


0 ee eT 


Species of Eastern [leterocera. 163 


edges ; a brown semicircular mark near the apex: hind wings 
and underside of a uniform dull brown, without markings. 

Expanse of wings, ¢ 7%, ¢ 1+) inch. 

Goping, Perak (Kunstler). 

Superficially like C. bipartcta, but that form has the fore 
wings angled in the middle of the outer margin; in this 
form the outer margin is rounded. 


Faleimala diacia, nov. 


3 2. Palpi brown on the outer side, pale on the inner side, 
last joint whitish, with a brown ring near the tip; frons 
whitish ; collar brown in the middle, white at the sides; body 
and wings whitish: fore wings with a black streak on the 
costa near the base, a large oblique black patch at the middle, 
the costal space from thence to the apex white; a nearly 
upright, broad, pale medial band from the patch to the 
hinder margin, the patch and band edged with white; the 
colour of the wing inside the band white, on the outer side it 
is smoky brown; a subbasal line of white specks; the ex- 
treme apex pure white ; the marginal line with black points 
joined to very minute white specks: hind wings greyish 
white. Underside : fore wings pale grey, with white dots on 
the costa beyond the middle and at the apex: hind wings 
whitish. 

Expanse of wings 4% inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Allied to F’. ochrealis, Hmpsn., which is pinkish ochreous, 
has no medial band on fore wings, and has brown hind wings, 


Family Hypenide. 
Hypena regia, nov. 
9. Palpi, head, and body dark greyish-olive colour: fore 


wings dark olive-brown; a large round prominent white 
spot in the middle of the cell, a black lunule at the end; a 
postmedial, nearly straight, black line from the hinder margin 
at two thirds to the costa near apex; an irregular row of 
indistinct submarginal dots, the four upper ones white, the 
remainder black ; a pale shade across the disk: hind wings 
brownish grey, whitish towards base. Underside pale 
brownish; fore wings with a small cluster of white dots at 
the apex: hind wings with a brown lunule at the end of the 
cell; both wings crossed by a medial brown line. 

Expanse of wings 1,4, inch. 

Granville, New Guinea. 

Allied to nothing I know of. 


164 Col. C. Swinhoe on new 


Fly pena tylistalis, nov. 


?. Olive-brown, with a pink tinge. fore wings with erect 
transverse lines, antemedial and slightly sinuous, postmedial 
and quite even, composed of two colours, the inner brown, the 
outer white ; the whole inner space from this to the base 
darker than the rest of the wing; a sinuous line adjoining, 
followed by a nearly straight submarginal line: hind wings 
without markings, marginal line of both wings black; cilia 
with a white basal line. Underside much paler: fore wings 
with a white subapical spot: hind wings with a brown spot 
at the end of the cell and a brown discal line. 

Expanse of wings 13 inch. 

Granville, New Guinea. 

Allied to H. umbripennis, Moore, from India, of which I 
have a good series; but that form has all its lines sinuous. 


Hypena phecomalis, nov. 


&@. Dark olive-brown; palpi white at the end of the last 
joint: fore wings with an erect, almost straight, brown line, 
outwardly edged with whitish beyond the middle, the entire 
space inside it dark blackish brown, and contains a darker 
spot at the end of the cell and a darker basal band, with its 
outside edge acutely dentated outwards, below the middle; a 
dark brown shade below the apex, leaving a paler space on 
the costa near the apex; faint indications of a row of sub- 
marginal pale dots and white points on the margin: hind 
wings without markings. Underside pale brown, tinged with 
pink: fore wings with indications of postmedial and sub- 
marginal lines: hind wings with a black spot at the end of 
the cell, and medial and discal lines. 

Expanse of wings 14 inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Wings broader than is usual in the genus, the hinder 
angle more rounded, costa of fore wings rounded near the 
base. There are two examples from the Khasia Hills in the 
B. M. with H. tenebralis, Moore, of which I have a fine 
series; but it is quite distinct from that form, being a much 
broader insect, with the lines erect instead of oblique. 


Family Boarmiide. 


Heteromiza obliquariae 


Anzea obliquaria, Leech, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 182 
(1897). 


Khasia Hills. 


Species of Eastern Heterocera. 165 


Leech’s type came from Chang Yang, Central China. I 
have six from the Khasia Hills, and there is an example in 
the B. M. marked “ India” from Dr. F. Moore’s collection ; 
they are absolutely identical with the Chinese examples. 


Family Sterrhide. 
Chrysocraspeda fulviplaga, nov. 


3 ?. Orange-pink, tinged with purple: fore wings with a 
prominent black spot at the end of the cell; an antemedial, 
transverse, yellow line, angled slightly outwards in the cell; 
a discal similar line, angled outwards at the middle, its lower 
half obscured in the male by a large patch of purplish suffu- 
sion, which extends on the lower half of the wing from the 
inner line to the outer margin: hind wings with a yellow 
subbasal line, much angled outwards at its middle ; a very 
large triangular yellow patch, occupying nearly the whole of 
the disk ; a discal yellow line like that on the fore wings, the 
upper portion of it being only visible, the lower portion being 
merged in the discal yellow patch; cilia of both wings bright 
yellow. Underside: fore wings pink-red, with the outer and 
hinder margins yellow: hind wing with the inner half pink- 
red, the outer half yellow; frons white; antennee, body, and 
legs pink-red ; abdomen with the tips and the whole of the 
underside whitish. 

Expanse of wings, ¢ 75, 2 1,%; inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Belongs to Hampson’s Section J. B, and is allied to ‘ole, 
Swinhoe ; the hind wings resemble those of dilucida, 
Warren, but that form has no transverse lines. 


Chrysocraspeda conspicuaria, nov. 


3 ¢. Pale pink, irrorated in parts with brown atoms; costa 
of fore wings brownish; a large black spot at the end of the 
cell, three or four black points in a row outside the cell: hind 
wings with a pure white elongated spot at the end of the cell; 
a discal row of black points; outer margin of both wings 
with a conspicuous brown band and bright yellow cilia. 
Underside of a uniform dark red-pink; cell-spots as above, 
but less distinct; costa of fore wings blackish brown; no 
outer marginal band to either wing; cilia yellow; frons 
white ; antennz and body above pink-brown; body below 
and legs whitish. 

Expanse of wings {5 inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 12 


166 Col. C. Swinhoe on new 


Fore wings with the apex produced and acute; hind wings 
with the outer margin rounded. Belongs to Hampson’s 
Section I. 4, and is allied to abhadraca, Walker; but the 
markings are much as in sanguinaria, Warren. 


Family Geometridae. 


Actenochroma ochreipicta, nov. 


g. Frons ochreous, with a green centre ; head, body, and 
wings green, irrorated and striated with olive-green; an 
indistinct blurred dark spot at the end of each cell: fore 
wings with indications of antemedial and discal darker bands, 
the hinder margin with two ochreous spots, ante- and _post- 
medial, and another in the disk above the middle ; inside the 
outer band there is a dentated black line visible in places, but 
very indistinct: hind wings with a similar line, more distinct, 
and indications of both bands; an ochreous spot on the abdo- 
minal margin at the end of the outer band; marginal lunules 
black ; cilia ochreous in parts. Underside pinkish white; a 
prominent black spot at the end of each cell and a broad 
blackish discal band, with some blackish suffusion between it 
and the outer margin; marginal lunules black. 

Expanse of wings 1,8) inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

Of the shape and size of A. viridaria, Moore, but the 
colour is darker, more olive-tinted, and quite different. 


Agathia ithearia, nov. 


¢. Antenne, palpi above, head, and body pale chocolate- 
colour ; palpi below white ; frons with the lower half white, 
upper half chocolate ; thorax with two large green spots in 
front: wings green, bands chocolate-colour; fore wings with 
a band at the base, a narrow costal band, and both wings 
with a broad marginal band; on the fore wings there is a 
thin sinuous band from the middle of the costa to the hinder 
margin, touching the marginal band; within the latter is a 
large green subapical spot, with a small spot above and two 
below it: a large green oval spot on the hind wings within 
the marginal band, touching the outer margin below the apex, 
and a pale streak which runs downwards a short distance : 
on both wings the marginal band is lined on both sides with 
dark chocolate and edged on the inner side with whitish. 


Species of Eastern Heterocera. 167 


Underside greenish white, with a broad, sinuous, discal band 
of pale chocolate-colour across both wings. 

Expanse of wings 1;"5 inch. 

Kuching, Borneo (Shelford). 


Nearest to carissima, Butler, from Japan. 


Agathia solaria, nov. 


3. Antenne, upper side of palpi, upper half of frons, 
thorax above, and bands on both wings chocolate-colour, 
lower side of palpi and lower half of frons white; a green 
band behind the base of the antenne, a broader green collar, 
a green spot on the hind part of the thorax; abdomen with 
the apical third pale, nearly white, the tip chocolate: wings 
green; fore wings with a narrow costal band, very pale 
chocolate ; a sinuous submarginal band, broad and curved 
and dark chocolate (nearly black at the apex), touching a 
black spot on the outer margin below the apex, then con- 
tinued, thin, pale, and sinuous, to the hinder margin near the 
angle ; black elongated spots on the margin at the ends of 
the veins, followed by chocolate spots on the ochreous-grey 
cilia; a narrow chocolate band at the base, which does not 
reach the costa, which here is green ; this band is continued 
thinly down the abdominal margin of the hind wings (with a 
spot in the middle) until it reaches the broad outer marginal 
band, which is broad at the anal angle, narrowing upwards, 
contains a green spot where the abdominal band joins it, and 
a larger green spot below the apex, which is narrow and runs 
down the margin a little; this outer band on both wings 
contains on its inner margin an acutely dentated dark line 
with the points black and pointing outwards, on the fore 
wings obsolete on the thin part of the band ; marginal line of 
hind wings chocolate, cilia ochreous grey, with chocolate 
spots at the vein-ends. Underside greenish white ; bands 
nearly black, on fore wings more or less as above, on the 
hind wings nearly uniform in breadth. 

Expanse of wings 1% inch. 

Singapore (Lidley). 

There are some indistinct chocolate marks in the middle of 
the wings that look like obsolete bands, but they are not 
traceable; the insect belongs to the hemithearta group. 


168 Mr. N. Rosén on the Snakes in the 


XII.—List of the Snakes in the Zoological Museums of Lund 
and Malmé, with Descriptions of new Species and a new 
Genus. By Nits Rosen, Zool. Inst. Lund. 


[Plates XI. & XII.] 


AT the request of the Director of the Zoological Museum of 
Lund, Prof. D. Bergendal, I have determined and revised 
the collections of snakes in that Museum. ‘The specimens 
not determined belong principally to collections made by 
Dr. Hj. Méller in Java (1897), by Dr. N. Holst in West 
Australia (1897), and by Bar. Eggers in Ecuador. Through 
the kindness of Dr. H. Wallengren I have further had the 
opportunity of examining some snakes in the Museum of 
Malm6. I have found five species and one genus not previ- 
ously described. A description of these and notices respecting 
some specimens which differ from the typical examples form 
the subject of this paper. As regards the systematic classifi- 
cation and nomenclature, I have followed G. A. Boulenger, 
‘Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum,’ vols. i.—-iii. 
(1893-96). Some snakes were presented by private indi- 
viduals, without any information as to habitats. 


Fam. Typhlopide. 


1. Typhlops braminus, Daud. 
Java. 


2. Typhlops bicolor, Ptrs. 
West Australia. 


3. Typhlops olivaceus, Gray. 
West Australia. 
Fam. Boidez. 


4, Python reticulatus, Schn. 
Java. 


5. Python molurus, L. 


fon) 


. Epicrates cenchris, L. 
14 upper labials. 


7. Epicrates striatus, Fisch. 


8. Corallus caninus, L. 
Maroni (Surinam), 


Zoological Museums of Lund and Malmé. 169 


9. Trachyboa gularis, Pirs., var. multimaculata, nov. 


Snout scarcely prominent. Upper head-scales small, 
convex, keeled. Hye bordered by 2 labials (sixth and 
seventh) and 11 scales. 25 scales round the upper lip. 
Four pairs of shields bordering the mental groove. Scales 
strongly keeled, in 31 rows. Ventrals 146. Anal entire. 
Subcaudals 29. Brown above, with a dorsal series of large 
irregular black spots; two series of smaller ones on each 
side; yellow beneath, with large black spots. 

Total length 320 mm.; tail 35. 

Keuador. 

A single specimen, belonging to the Museum of Lund, 
collected “by Eggers, 1892, in Balao (Ecuador). 

Cf. Proc. Zool. Soc. of London, 1898, p. 115, where 
Boulenger describes a specimen from Ecuador differing by 
having the eye completely surrounded with 14 scales, labials 
being excluded. 


10. Eunectes murinus, L. 
Brazil. 
11. Boa constrictor, L. 


Fam. Ilysiida. 
12. Ilysia scytale, L. 
13. Cylindrophis rufus, Laur. 
Java. 
Fam. Xenopeltida. 


14. Xenopeltis unicolor, Reinw. 
Sumatra. 


Fam. Colubride. 


Series AGLYPHA. 


15. Acrochordus javanicus, Hornst. 
Java. 


16. Polyodontophis geminatus, Boie. 

Differs from the description in Cat. Snakes in having 8 
upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye. 

Java. 


170 Mr. N. Rosén on the Snakes in the 


17. Tropidonotus ordinatus, L., var. infernalis. 
Oregon. 

18. Tropidonotus ordinatus, L., var. sirtalis. 
Oregon. 

19. Tropidonotus saurita, L. 
Total length of one specimen 970 mm. ; tail 290. 
North America. 


20. Tropidonotus natria, L. 
Sweden. 


21. Tropidonotus trianguligerus, Boie. 
Java, Sumatra. 


22. Tropidonotus piscator, Schn., type C. 


Scales sometimes feebly keeled or nearly smooth, reminding 
one of Tr. Sancti-Johannis (see Boul. Cat. Snakes, i. p. 230). 
Java. 


23. Tropidonotus tessellatus, Laur. 
South Europe. 

21. Tropidonotus viperinus, Latr. 
Algiers. 


25. Tropidonotus Clarkit, B. & G. 
26. Tropidonotus tigrinus, Bote. 


27. Tropidonotus vittatus, L. 
Java. 


28. Tropidonotus subminiatus, Schleg. 

Some specimens with third and fourth upper labials entering 
the eye. 

Java, 


29. Helicops angulatus, L. 
30, L[Telicops modestus, Gthr. 
31. Helicops leopardinus, Schleg. 


The last two species differ from the descriptions by not 
having any hypapophyses in the posterior region of the dorsal 
column. In //. leopardinus, Schleg. (which is represented 
in the Lund Museum by a single specimen), the lower surface 
of the dorsal vertebree in the posterior region has a lower 
keel (text-fig. 1, a), without any crest or tubercule projecting 


Zoological Museums of Lund and Malmé. 171 


below the condyle. In ZH. modestus, Gthr. (two specimens 
in the collections), the lower surface is smooth (fig. 1, 0). 

In the ‘ Catalogue of Snakes’ Boulenger has laid stress 
upon the presence or absence of hypapophyses on the posterior 
dorsal vertebree, and, so far as I know, he has continued 
todo so. Among the snakes I have had an opportunity of 
examining I have, however, found several specimens which 
differ from species already described only by the presence or 
absence of the hypapophyses in the posterior region of the 
dorsal column. That these ought not to be regarded as 
new species or genera is quite certain, and consequently the 
hypapophyses are not of such great importance for classi- 
fication as has been supposed. More extended examination 
of other species and genera is required. 


Fig. 1. 


C sae 2. i 


Vertebra in the posterior region of the dorsal column. 


t. Helicops leopardinus, Schleg. 
modestus, Gthr. 

ce. Tretanorhinus intermedius, sp. 1. 
d. Chrysopelea ornata, Shaw, type A. 


— 


32. Tretanorhinus intermedius, sp.n. (Pl. XII. fig. 2.) 


Without any hypapophyses on the posterior dorsal vertebra 
(text-fig. 1, c). 

Nasals separated. Internasals small. Frontal much 
shorter than the parietals. One loreal, about twice as long as 
deep. Two preoculars. ‘T'wo postoculars. Temporals 
142. Eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye. Five 
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Pos- 
terior chin-shields separated from each other by scales. 
Scales in 21 rows, striated, with short but strong keels. 
Ventrals 142. Anal divided. Subcaudals 56. Dark brown 
above, with a dorsal series of irregular black spots, sometimes 
confluent. An indistinet yellow, dark-edged, lateral streak. 


172 Mr. N. Rosén on the Snakes in the 


Yellow beneath, with brown dots, anteriorly dark, with an 
indistinet black median line. 

Total length 520 mm.; tai 120. 

Central America. 


33. LElapoides fuscus, Boie. 
Nasal entire. 
Java. 

34. Lycodon aulicus, L. 


35. Lycodon subcinctus, Boie. 
Java. 


36. Zamenis korros, Schleg. 
Java. 


37. Zamenis constrictor, R. 
Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. 
North America. 

38. Zamenis flagelliformis, Laur. 
South Carolina. 


39. Zamenis gemonensis, Laur., var. asianus. 


Entirely black. 


40, Zamenis algirus, Jan. 
Algiers. 


41. Zaments hippocrepis, L. 
Algiers. 


42. Drymobius bifossatus, Raddi. 


Loreal longer than deep. Frontal shorter than the 
parietals. ‘Total length 1720 mm. ; tail 500. 


43. Drymobius Boddaertit, Sentz. 


44, Coluber fasciatus, sp. n. (Pl. XI. fig. 2.) 


Rostral broader than deep. Internasals much shorter than 
the prefrontals. Prefrontals large. Frontal once and two 
thirds as long as broad, much longer than its distance from 
the end of the snout. Nasal entire. Loreal a little longer 
than deep. One preocular. Two postoculars. Temporals 
2+2. Eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering 
the eye. Five lower labials in contact with the anterior 
chin-shields. Posterior chin-shields in contact anteriorly. 


Zoological Museums of Lund and Malmé. 173 


Seales smooth, in 17 rows, with two apical pits. Ventrals 
without or with a rather indistinct lateral keel, 179. Anal 
divided. Subcaudals 100, in two rows. Dark brown above, 
with narrow indistinct white (in spirit) cross-bands, extending 
on the ventrals. ‘These bands are caused by large white 
edges to the scales. Lighter beneath. Head with white 
streaks and spots. 

Total length 305 mm.; tail 30. 

Eeuador, 

A single specimen, belonging to the Museum of Lund, 
collected by Eggers in Balao (Ecuador), 1892. 


45. Coluber letus, B. & G. 
North America. 


46. Coluber obsoletus, Say. 


Scales rather feebly keeled. 
North America. 


47. Coluber oxycephalus, Boie. 
Java. 

48. Coluber melanurus, Schleg. 
Java. 

49. LIlerpetodryas carinatus, L. 

50. Dendrophis pictus, Boie. 
Java. 

51. Dendrophis formosus, Boie. 
Java. 


52. Dendrelaphis subocularis, Blgr. 
Java. 
A single specimen, ventrals 160. 
53. Dendrelaphis caudolineatus, Gray. 


Java. 
Five specimens, collected by Dr. Hj. Moller, 1897 The 
genus Dendrelaphis had not previously been found in Java. 


54. Gastropyxis smaragdina, Schleg. 
55. Leptophis occidentalis, Gthr. 


56. Dromicus antillensis, Schleg. 
West Indies. 


174 Mr. N. Rosén on the Snakes in the 
57, Dromicus rufiventris, D. & B. 
West Indies. 


58. Liophis albiventris, Jan, type A. 
Ecuador. 


59. Liophis pectlogyrus, Wied. 
Argentine. 


60. Liophis typhlus, L. 
Brazil. 


61. Liophis epinephelus, Cope. 
62. Liophis regine, L. 
Brazil. 
63. Liophis parvifrons, Cope. 
64. Xenoden Merremi, Wag]. 
Brazil. 
65. LHeterodon platyrhinus, Latr. 


Two specimens have scales very feebly keeled, but do not 
differ in other structural characters. 
United States of America. 


66. Aporophis lineatus, L. 


67. Rhadinea anomala, Gthr. 
Argentine, 


68. Rhadinea cobella, L. 
69. Lhadinea fusca, Cope. 


70. Urotheca lateristriga, Berth. 
Ecuador. 


71. Dimades plicatilis, L. 


72. Coronella austriaca, Laur. 
Europe. 

73. Coronella triangulum, Daud., type A. 
North America. 


74. Cemophora coccinea, Blumenb. 
The supraoculars fused with the frontal. 


Zoological Museums of Lund and Malmé. 175 


75. Stmotes octolineatus, Schn. 
Java. 


76. Contia vernalis, Harl. 
Total length 580 mm. 
North America. 

77. LHomalosoma lutrix, L. 


78. Petalognathus nebulatus, L. 
Brazil. 


79. Carphophis amenus, Say. 
North America. 


80. Calamaria Linnei, Boie. 
Java. 


Series OPISTHOGLYPHA. 


81. Hypsirhina enhydris, Schn., type A. 
Kast Indies. 


§2. Homalopsis buccata, L. 


Java (one specimen with a length of 840 mm. from the 
snout to the anal; tail stumped) ; East Indies. 


83. Cerberus rhynchops, Schn. 
84. Gerardia Prevostiana, Hyd. & Gery. 


85. LEtetrodipsas colubrina, Schleg. 


Internasals shorter than the prefrontals. Three preoculars, 
upper largest and reaching the frontal. Three suboculars ; 
three pestoculars. Temporals 2+2. Hight upper labials. 
Scales in 27 rows. Ventrals 213. Anal divided. Sub- 
caudals 80, the anterior single. Brown above, yellow 
beneath ; with irregular black or dark brown spots; the 
posterior ventrals with dark brown or black dots. 

Total length 710 mm. ; tail 130. 

Madagascar. 

A single specimen belonging to the Museum of Lund. 


86. Trimorphodon biscutatus, D. & B. 
87. Lycognathus cervinus, Laur, 


88. Dipsadomorphus multimaculatus, Boie. 


Java. 


176 Mr. N. Rosén on the Snakes in the 


89. Leptodira personata, Cope. 

90. Leptodirva albofusca, Lacép. 
91. Leptodira annulata, L. 

92. Oxyrhopus petolarius, L. 

93. Oxyrhopus trigeminus, D. & B. 
94. Oxyrhopus clelia, Daud. 


95. Thamnodynastes Natterert, Mik. 


Subcaudals 80. 
Brazil. 


96. Thamnodynastes punctatissimus, Wag. 
97. Tomodon ocellatus, D. & B. 


98. Philodryas estivus, Schleg. 
Total length 1300 mm. 


99. Philodryas virtdissimus, Li, 
100. Philodryas Olfersti, Licht. 
101. Philodryas Schott’, Schleg. 
102. Trémerorhinus rhombeatus, L. 


103. Ce@lopeltis monspessulana, Herm. 
Algiers. 
ANISODON, gen. noy. 


Hypapophyses throughout the vertebral column, represented 
on the posterior dorsal vertebra by a well-developed crest, 
projecting below the condyle. Solid maxillary teeth ante- 
riorly small, increasing in size and followed by an interspace, 
after which the teeth are very small; the last two large and 
grooved, situated below the posterior border of the eye. 
Mandibular teeth unequal, the anterior largest and separated 
from the rest by a short interspace. Head distinct from neck. 
Snout pointed. Eye rather large. Body cylindrical. Tail 
moderate. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Subcaudals in 2 
rows. 

Java. 


104. Anisodon Lilljeborgi, sp. n.* (Pl. XI. fig. 3.) 


Rostral much broader than deep. Internasals as long as 
broad, shorter than the preefrontals. Nasal entire, Loreal 
* I take the liberty of naming this snake after the celebrated 


Swedish zoologist Prof. W. Lilljeborg, who has determined the old 
collections of snakes in the Museum of Lund. 


Zoological Museums of Lund and Malmé. 177 


irregular, Frontal nearly twice as long as broad, longer than 
its distance from the rostral, nearly as long as the parietals. 
One preocular. Two postoculars. Supraocular large. Tem- 
porals 242. Hight upper labials; second and third reaching 
the preocular; third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye. 
Three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. 


Fig. 2. 
WY 
Yr if 
a i) vA 


™ 


yy > 


ee 
\ 


Anisodon Lilljeborgi, gen. et sp. n. 


a. Maxillary and anterior part of the mandible. 
b. Hypapophysis in the posterior region. 


Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 156-159. Anal entire. 
Subcaudals 43-50, in two rows. Greyish brown; a dorsal 
series of lighter spots, edged with black, indistinct poste- 
riorly. Yellowish beneath, with irregular dark spots. Head 
with lighter and darker irregular streaks and dots. Along 
the upper labials a white streak, edged with black. 

Total length 490 mm.; tail 95. 

Java. 

‘Two specimens, belonging to the Museum of Lund, col- 


lected by Dr. Hj. M@ller in Tjibodas (Java), 1897. 


105. Macroprotodon cucullatus, Geoffr. 
Algiers. 


106. Dryophis xanthozona, Boie. 


Java. 

In the ‘Catalogue of Snakes,’ vol. iii. (1896), Boulenger 
says :—‘“‘ Anal entire (rarely divided).” Of the ten specimens 
which are preserved in the collections no less than nine have 
the anal divided. 


107. Dryophis prasinus, Boie. 
Java. 


108. Ozxybelis acuminatus, Wied. 


109. Chrysopelea ornata, Shaw, type A. (PI. XI. fig. 1; 
and text-fig. 1, d, p. 171.) 


Hypapophyses present throughout the vertebral column, 


178 Mr. N. Rosén on the Snakes in the 


represented on the posterior dorsal vertebree by a well-developed 
crest, projecting below the condyle. Ventrals 222. Sub- 
eaudals 131. 

Sumatra. 

A single specimen, belonging to the Museum of Malmé, 
collected by C. Richter, 1895. 


110. Chrysopelea ornata, Shaw, type D. 


111. Erythrolamprus Aésculapii, L. 
South America. 


112. Homalocranium melanocephalum, L. 
Keuador. 


Series PROTEROGLYPHA. 


113. Hydrus platurus, L. 

Coast of Java. 

The two specimens belonging to the Museum of Lund have 
respectively 51 and 59 scales round the body. In the ‘ Cat. 
of Snakes’ Boulenger states the scale-rows of this snake to be 
45 to 47. The two specimens also differ from the descrip- 
tion in ‘Cat. Snakes’ by having the frontal shorter than the 
parietals. In coloration they agree with the type E. 


114, Hydrophis gracilis, Shaw. 
115. Enhydris Hardwickit, Gray. (Pl. XII. fig. 1.) 


One specimen, with six very feebly grooved small maxil- 
lary teeth. 


116. Distira longissima, sp. n. 


Head moderate. Body much elongated. Rostral about 
as broad as deep. Nasals shorter than the frontal, more than 
twice as long as the suture between the preefrontals. Frontal 
a little more than twice as long as broad, as long as its 
distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals. 
One preocular. Two postoculars. ‘lwo anterior temporals. 
Eight upper labials; third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, 
second largest and reaching the prefrontal. ‘Two pairs of 
chin-shields ; posterior a little longer than the anterior, in 
contact anteriorly. Scales smooth, imbricate, 31 round the 
neck, 35 round the middle of the body. Ventrals 820, 
smooth. Greyish green, with dark cross-bands, broadest on 
the middle, narrowing on the sides. 

Total length 1650 mm. ; tail 120. 

Habitat unknown. A single specimen belonging to the 
Museum of Lund. 


Zoological Museums of Lund and Mali. 179 


117. Aipysurus australis, Sauw. 


Australia. 
Ventrals 167-168. 


118. Platurus colubrinus, Schn. 


119. Denisonia superba, Gthr. 

Australia. 

One specimen differs from the description of the genus 
Denisonia in having the poison-fangs followed by 7 small 


solid teeth. Boulenger states (Cat. Snakes) the number to 
be 3 to 5. 


120. Denisonia Grouldi, Gray. 
West Australia. 


121. Denisonia fasciata, sp. n. 


Eye moderate. ostral broader than deep, visible from 
above. Internasals shorter than the prefrontals, broader 
than long. Frontal once and one fourth to once and one 
third as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the 
rostral, shorter than the parietals, much broader than the 
supraoculars. Nasal entire, narrowly in contact with the 
preocular. Two postoculars, upper in contact with the 
parietal. Six upper labials, second and third in contact with 
the preocular, third and fourth entering the eye. ‘Temporals 
2+1 or 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and 
sixth upper labials. ‘Three lower labials in contact with the 
anterior chin-shields. ‘The posterior chin-shields separated 
by scales, about as long as the anterior. Scales in 17 
rows. Ventrals 153-165. Anal entire. Subcaudals 28-31. 
Yellow (?in spirit), with large indistinct brown spots or 
cross-bands. 

Total length 410 mm. ; tail 47. 

West Australia. 

Two specimens, belonging to the Museum of Lund, col- 
lected by Dr. N. Holst, 1897. 

Seems to be closely allied to D. maculata, Stdr. 


122. Rhynchelaps Berthold, Jan. 
West Australia. 


123. Rhynchelaps fasciolatus, Gthr. 
West Australia. 


124. Bungarus fasciatus, Schn. 
Java. 


180 Mr. N. Rosén on the Snakes in the 


125. Bungarus candidus, L. 


Java. 

Of the eight specimens in the collections there are seven 
with dark annuli on the tail (not cross-bands). Frontal 
shorter than its distance from the rostral. The coloration on 
the head a little variable. 


126. Nata melanoleuca, Hallow., type A. 
Gaboon. 


Some scales with white dots and edges. 


127. Nata tripudians, Merr., var. leucodira. 


Java. 
One black specimen. 


128. Doliophis bivirgatus, Boie, type C. 
Java. 
129. Doliophis intestinalis, Laur., f. typiea. 

Java. 


130. Elaps fulvius, L., type A. 
North America. 


131. Elaps Spivii, Wag. 
Brazil. 
132. Elaps frontalis, D. & B. 


Argentine. 


133. Hlaps lemniscatus, L. 


Fam. Amblycephalidz. 
134. Dipsas infrenalis, sp. n. 


Maxillary with 12 teeth. Rostral as deep as broad. 
Internasals broader than long. Prefrontals much longer 
than the internasals, entering the eye. Nasal entire. One 
preocular. ‘I'wo postoculars. No loreal. Frontal small, 
broad anteriorly, much shorter than the parietals. Tem- 
porals 1+2, very small. Nine upper labials, third, fourth, 
and fifth entering the eye. First lower labial in contact with 
its fellow behind the symphysial. ‘T'wo pairs of chin-shields, 
the posterior largest. Five lower labiais in contact with the 
anterior chin-shields. Scales smooth, in 15 rows, vertebral 
row enlarged. Ventrals 193. Anal entire. Subcaudals 99, 


Zoological Museums of Lund and Malmé. 181 


in two rows. Colour? (in spirit), with dark cross-bands, 
extending on the ventrals. 

Total length 390 mm. ; tail 100. 

A single specimen, belonging to the Museum of Lund. 
Habitat unknown. 


Fam. Viperide. 
135. Vipera berus, L. 
Europe. 
136. Cerastes cornutus, Forsk. 
Algiers. 
137. Ancistrodon rhodostoma, B oie. 


Java. 


138. Lachesis lanceolatus, Lacé. 

West Indies. 

One specimen with small shields on the anterior part of 
the head. 


139. Lachesis atrox, L. 
Maroni. 


140. Lachesis alternatus, D. & B. 
One specimen with a J-shaped light marking. 


141. Crotalus terrificus, Laur. 


Well-developed shields between the internasals and the 
preefrontals. 


142. Crotalus horridus, L. 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
PLATE XI. 
Fiq. 


Fug. 
Ivy. 


Chrysopelea ornata, Shaw, type A. 
. Coluber fasciatus, sp. n. 
. Anisodon Lilljeborgi, gen. et sp. n. 


Coho ee 


ler awole. all & 


Fig.1. Enhydris Hardwichii, Gray. 
Fig. 2. Tretanorhinus intermedius, sp. n. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 13 


182 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Siluroid Genera 


XIII.—A Synopsis of the Species of the Silurid Genera 
Parexostoma, Chimarrhichthys and Exostoma. By C.'TATE 
Reean, B.A. 


THE fishes which have usually been placed in the genus 
Ezxostoma of Blyth fall into three very distinct groups, which 
should be regarded as genera, as will be apparent from the 
following synopsis :— 


I. Teeth all pointed, those of the upper jaw 
forming a band, which is produced back- 
wards at the sides; gill-openings ex- 
tending on to the lower surface of the 

body ; fold of the lower lip broadly inter- [yen. nov. 

rupted ; pectoral with 11 branched rays.. PAaREXOSTOMA, 

Pectoral extending 3-3 of the distance from its 
base to the base of ventral; caudal peduncle 


3 times as long.as deep ...v.sa0s0n8 esse 1. P. Stoliczke, Day. 
Pectoral extending 3-3 of the distance from its 

base to the base of ventral; caudal peduncle [Regan. 

PW1CS 38 LONE ASMECP 65. we oss ss wives oes Gi 2. P. maculatum, 


II. Teeth all pointed, those of the upper jaw 
forming a band which is not produced 
backwards at the sides; gill-openings not 
extending on to the lower surface of the 
body ; fold of the lower lip continuous or [Sauv. 
not; pectoral with 13-19 branched rays... CHIMARRHICHTHYS, 
A. Lower angle of gill-opening below the middle of the base of 
pectoral, which fin extends about to the base of ventral; fold of 
the lower lip not continuous. 
Pectoral with 13 or 14 branched rays; caudal 


peduncle much longer than deep .......... l. C. Davidi, Sauv. 
Pectoral with 16 or 17 branched rays; caudal 
peduncle about as long as deep.........-.. 2. C. Blythit, Day. 


B. Lower angle of gill-opening opposite the middle of the base of 
pectoral. 
Pectoral with 14 or 15 branched rays, not reach- 
ing the ventral; fold of the lower lip not 


CONMNUOUE <..cb > capenvalot anise ei aa aie he 3. C. Fee, Vincig. 
Pectoral with 19 branched rays, 'extending be- 

yond the base of the ventral; fold of the [ Vincig. 

ower lip ContINUOUS o.cce esse cecerareecs 4. C. macropterus, 


III. Each jaw with 2 bands or patches of 
small pointed teeth, with an enlarged outer 
series of compressed obtuse teeth; gill- 
openings not extending on to the lower 
surface of the body ; fold of the lower lip 
continuous ; pectoral with 10-12 branched 
FAVS “Eee dcaics 540s MUR es vite Sele e Ne .. Exostoma, Blyth. 


Parexostoma, Chimarrhichthys and Exostoma. 183 


A. Caudal fin truncate or very slightly emarginate. 


Origin of dorsal posterior to the extremity of (Regan. 
_ pectoral; anal with [5 rays .............. 1. E. Vinciguerre, 
Origin of dorsal above posterior 4 of pectoral ; { Day. 
MRL WG ef DAWES. onc waves ce eas ie 2. E. Andersoni, 

B. Caudal fin forked or rather deeply emarginate. (Blyth. 
Pectoral with 10 branched rays ............ ». oO} EL. Berdmorit, 
Pectoral with 12 branched rays ........... we. 4. 2. labiatum, 

{MacCleil. 
PAREXOSTOMA. 


1. Parexostoma Stoliczke. 


Exostoma Stoliczkz, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 782; Second Yarkand 
Mission, Ichthyology, p. 1, pl. i. fig. 1 (1878); Fishes of India, 
p- 502, pl. exvil. fig. 3 (1878). 

Exostoma Oschanini, Herzenstein, Bull. Ac. St. Petersburg, xxxiii. 
1890, p. 120. 


Hab. Kastern Turkestan. 


2. Parexostoma maculatum, sp. n. 


Depth of body about 6 in the length, length of head 
nearly 4. Head as broad as long. HKyes small. Snout as 
long as postorbital part of head and 1$ the interocular width. 
Nasal barbel extending to eye, maxillary barbel to base of 
pectoral, outer mandibulary barbel to gill-opening. Dorsal 16, 
commencing slightly in advance of the extremity of pectoral ; 
adipose fin as long as or longer than its distance from the 
dorsal. Anal I 5. Pectoral with 11 branched rays, ex- 
tending }—3 of the distance from its base to the base of ventral. 
Ventral with 5 branched rays. Caudal truncate. Caudal 
peduncle twice as long as deep. Olivaceous, with numerous 
nregular dark spots ; caudal with a white posterior margin. 

Two specimens, 210 and 255 mm. in total length, from 


Lhasa, Tibet, collected by Capt. H. J. Walton. 


CHIMARRHICHTHYS. 


Chimarrichthys, Sauvage, Rey. et Mag. Zool. xxv. 1874, p. 332. 


1. Chimarrhichthys Davidi. 
Chimarrichthys Davidi, Sauvage, Rev. et Mag. Zool. xxv. 1874, p. 333. 
Exostoma Davidi, Ginth, in Pratt, Snows of Thibet, Appendix, p. 245 
(1892). 
Lab. Eastern Tibet. 
13* 


184 On the Genera Parexostoma, Chimarrhichthys, &e. 


2. Chimarrhichthys Blythit. 
Exostoma Blythii, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 525; Fishes of India, 
p- 501, pl. exvii. fig. 2 (1878). 
Hab, Northern Bengal. 


3. Chimarrhichthys Fee. 


Exostoma Fee, Vincig. Aun. Mus, Genoy. xxix. 1899, p. 256, pl. viii. 
fig. 6. 


Hab. Karenni ills, Upper Burma. 


4. Chimarrhichthys macropterus. 
Exostoma macropterum, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genoy. xxix. 1890, p. 253, 
pl. viii. fig. 5. 


LTab. Khakhyen Hills, Upper Burma. 


E-XOSTOMA. 


Exostoma, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xxix. 1861, p. 155; Gunth. 
Cat. Fish. v. p. 264 (1864). 


1. Lvostoma Vinciquerre, sp. n. 


Exostoma labiatum (non MacClell.), Vincig. Ann, Mus. Genoy. xxix, 
1890, p. 252. 

Depth of body about 74 in the length, length of head 5. 
Head as broad as long. Diameter of eye 2 in the interocular 
width, which is 3} in the length of head. Snout twice as 
long as postorbital part of head. Nasal barbel extending to 
posterior margin of eye, maxillary barbel to anterior 4 of 
pectoral. Outer mandibulary barbel not extending to base of 
pectoral ; inner mandibulary barbel very small. Fold of the 
lower lip continuous. Lower angle of gill-opening at the 
level of the base of the pectoral spine. Dorsal 1 6, com- 
mencing behind the extremity of pectoral; adipose fin long 
and Jow, extending on to the caudal. Anal 15. Pectoral 
with 10 branched rays, extending 3 of the distance from its 
base to base of ventral. Ventral with 5 branched rays, not 
reaching the vent. Caudal very slightly emarginate. 
Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Uniformly brownish ; 
fins pale. 

A single specimen, 80 mm. in total length, from the 
Khakhyen Hills, Upper Burma, collected by the late L. Fea. 


2. Lxostoma Andersonii. 
Exostoma Andersonit, Day, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1869, p, 524. 
Hab. Yunnan. 


On new Cyprinid Fishes from Lhasa. 185 


3. Exostoma Berdmorii. 


Lvostoma Berdmoret, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xxix. 1861, p. 155; 
Gunth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 265 (1864); Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, 
p- 526; Fishes of India, p. 502 (1878). 


Hab. Tenasserim. 


4. Ezostoma labiatum. 


Glyptosternon labiatus, MacClell. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, ii. 1842, 
p- 088. 

Evostoma lahiatum, Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 265 (1864) ; Day, Proc. 
Zool, Soe. 1869, p. 526; Fishes of India, p. 502 (1878). 


Tlab. Assam. 


X1V.—Deseriptions of Five new Cyprinid Fishes from Lhasa, 
Tibet, collected by Captain H. J. Walton, LMS. By 
C. ‘Tate REGAN, B.A. 


Durine the recent expedition to Tibet, Captain H. J. Walton 
made a small collection of fishes, which he has forwarded to 
the British Museum. Ofseven species represented, six appear 
to be new to science, the exception being Nemachilus 
Stolickze, Day. ‘This result is not surprising, for I believe 
that fishes have not before been described from this part of 
the Brahmaputra system. Five Cyprinid fishes are described 
below, whilst a new Silurid, Parexostoma maculatum, 1s 


described on p. 183. 


1. Schizopygopsis Younghusbandi. 


Pharyngeal teeth 4: 3—3 : 4, cylindrical, obtusely pointed, 
those of the outer series slightly curved inwards. Depth of 
body 43-54 in the length, length of head 4-43. Breadth of 


2D 
« 


head 12-14 in its length, diameter of eye 4-6, length of 
snout 34-4, interorbital width 23-33. Snout obtuse; ante- 
rior edge of upper jaw slightly below the level of the lower 
margin of the eye; maxillary extending to below anterior 
edge of eye; lower jaw shorter than the upper, with a nearly 
straight transverse anterior edge. Dorsal III 8-9, its origin 
a little nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal; third 
simple ray slender, articulated, not serrated. Anal III 5-7. 
Pectoral extending }-3 of the distance from its base to the 
base of ventral. Origin of ventral below or a little behind 
the middle of dorsal. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 21-2? 


186 Mr. C. T. Regan on new 


as long as deep. Greyish above, silvery below; upper part 
of body with irregular dark spots. 
Ten specimens, 110-250 mm. in total length. 


2. Schizothorax dipogon. 


Depth of body about 54 in the length, length of head 44. 
Upper profile of head nearly horizontal to just in front of the 
nostrils, where it bends abruptly downwards and becomes 
nearly vertical. Breadth of head 12 in its length. Snout 
obtuse, much shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter 
of eye 6 in the length of head, interorbital width 33. Mouth 
subterminal ; lower jaw apparently without horny covering ; 
lips strongly developed, continuous, the upper with median 
prolongation, the lower notched medianly. No anterior 
barbel; posterior barbel 14 the diameter of eye. Scales 
regularly arranged anteriorly above the lateral line, becoming 
smaller and irregular on the lower part of the side in the 
abdominal region ; lower part of thorax and abdomen naked ; 
about 90 scales in a longitudinal series. Dorsal III 8, the 
third simple ray slender, articulated, not serrated; origin of 
dorsal far in advance of the bases of the ventrals, nearer to 
tip of snout than to base of caudal. Anal III 6. Pectoral 
extending a little more than 4 the distance from its base to 
the base of ventral ; ventral extending 3 of the distance from 
its base to the origin of anal. Caudal forked. Caudal 
peduncle 23 as long as deep. Brownish above, lighter 
below ; dark spots on the upper surface of the head and one 
on each scale of the upper part of the body. 

A single specimen, 265 mm. in total length. 

In the peculiar shape of the head, the structure of the lips, 
and in having the third simple ray of the dorsal slender and 
articulated this species resembles S. Regeli’, Herz., but differs 
notably in the absence of the anterior barbels and in having 
the thorax and abdomen naked. 


3. Schizothorazx Walton. 


Depth of body 44 in the length, length of head 4. Upper 
profile of head descending slightly to above the nostrils and 
thence more strongly to the tip of snout. Breadth of head 
twice in its length, Snout pointed, a little shorter than post- 
orbital part of head. Diameter of eye 64 in the length of 
head, interorbital width 83. Mouth subterminal; lower jaw 
apparently without horny covering; upper lip slightly 
elevated medianly ; lower lip with a small median lobe and 
a pair of well-developed lateral lobes; 2 barbels on each side, 


Cyprinid Fishes from Lhasa. 187 


subequal, nearly } the length of bead. Scales regularly 
arranged, 124 in a longitudinal series; thorax and abdomen 
scaly. Dorsal III 8, the third simple ray a stout coarsely 
serrated spine, 2 the length of head; origin of dorsal behind 


the bases of the ventrals, nearer to base of caudal than to tip 
of snout. Anal II 5. Pectoral extending less than 3 the 
distance from its base to base of ventral; ventral extending 
nearly to the vent. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 1} as 
long as deep. Olivaceous ; fins pale. 

A single specimen, 160 mm. in total length, 


This species is allied to S. progastus, MacUlell, 


4, Schizothorax macropogon. 


Depth of body about 4 in the length, length of head 4}. 
Upper profile of head straight, oblique. Breadth of head 14 
in its length. Snout rounded, shorter than postorbital part 
of head. Diameter of eye 54 in the length of head, inter- 
orbital width 2%. Mouth inferior; lower jaw without horny 
covering ; fold of the lower lip broadly interrupted ; 2 barbels 
on each side, subequal, 4 as long as the head or more. Scales 
small and irregularly arranged on the anterior part of the 
body, about 160 in a longitudinal series; lower part of 
thorax and abdomen naked, except for some rudimentary 
imbedded scales. Dorsal III 8, the third simple ray a stout 
coarsely serrated spine, about ? the length of head; origin of 
dorsal behind the bases of the ventrals, nearer to base of 
caudal than totipof snout. Anal III 5. Pectoral extending 
2 of the distance from its base to the base of ventral; ventrals 
extending nearly to the vent. Caudal forked. Caudal 
peduncle 1? as long as deep. Dark greyish, with some 
darker spots on the upper part of the body; fins dusky. 

A single specimen, 230 mm. in total length. 

Distinguished from allied species by the long barbels. 


5. Nemachilus tibetanus. 


Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 4. Snout a 
little shorter than postorbital part of head, 1% as long as eye, 
the diameter of which is 5 in the length of head and 14 in 
the interorbital width. Breadth of head 12 in its length and 
equal to its depth. Cleft of mouth extending to below the 
nostrils ; lips moderately thick, plicated, the lower inter- 
rupted medianly ; barbels six ; outer rostral barbel reaching 
the base of the maxillary barbel, which is a little shorter than 
the eye. Scales entirely wanting. Dorsal II 8, its origin 
equidistant from anterior margin of eye and base of caudal. 


188 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on a 


Anal II 6. Pectoral extending 2 of the distance from it 
base to the base of ventrals. Ventrals 9-rayed, extending to 
the origin of anal. Caudal emarginate. Caudal peduncle 
slender, 34 as long as deep, its length 3 the length of head. 
Greyish, with irregular dark spots on head, body, and fins. 

A single specimen, 125 mm. in total length. 

Allied to VV. ladacensis, Giinth. 


XV.—Description of a new Batrachian of the Genus 
Bombinator from Yunnan. By G. A. BouLencer, I'.R.S. 


[Plate XIII.] 


ONLY three species of Bombinator were previously known— 
B. igneus, Laur., and B. pachypus, Bp., from Europe, and 
B. orientalis, Blgr., from Manchuria, Corea, and Northern 
China. To my great surprise and gratification a small series 
of Batrachians collected by Mr. John Graham near Tong 
Chuan Fu in Yunnan (altitude about 6000 feet), which has 
just reached the British Museum, contained three examples 
of a fourth species, remarkable for its large size and as greatly 
extending the known range of this genus and also of the 
small family, Discoglossid, to which it belongs. For this 
new species I propose the name 


Bombinator maximus. (Pl. XIII.) 


Vomerine teeth in two small groups or short transverse 
series close together behind the level of the choane. Tongue 
large, circular, scarcely free at the sides and behind. Head 
broader than long; snout rounded, not quite as long as the 
diameter of the orbit; no canthus rostralis; nostril equally 
distant from the eye and the tip of the snout; interorbital 
space narrower than the upper eyelid, nearly equal to the 
distance between the nostrils. Fingers short, obtusely pointed, . 
first shortest, third longest, fourth a little longer than second ; 
no subarticular tubercles ; two round palmar tubercles, inner 
larger and more prominent. ‘Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching 
the shoulder, tarso-metatarsal articulation reaching the eye ; 
tibia as long as the femur, the heels meeting when the legs 
are folded at right angles to the rhachis; foot as long as the 
tibia ; toes short, obtuse, flattened, only half-webbed; no 
subarticular tubercles; a small, rounded inner metatarsal 
tubercle. Upper parts covered with small warts intermixed with 
very large glands studded with pores, similar to the parotoids of 
toads; the largest are situated behind the eyes (true parotoids), 
on the tibia, on the tarsus, and on the back, where they 
form a pair of curved or angular chains behind the head, with 


new Batrachian from Yunnan. 189 


the convexity turned inwards. Lower parts nearly smooth ; 

amore or less distinct gular fold. No horny spines on any 
art of tl *. Blackish oli rith rather ill-defined 

part of the body. Blackish olive above, with rather ill-definec 
black markings forming vertical bars on the upper lip and 

cross-bars on the limbs ; only the inner finger and toe with a 

light tip ; a more or less distinct light transverse spot on the 
to} to) 


back, just behind the head. Lower parts marbled bright 


Female, s maller specimen, upper view of head and anterior part 
of body, natural size. 


orange and black, in about equal proportions, or the black 
predominating ; greater part of palm and sole orange, this 
colour involving the inner digit; the orange of the lower 
surface of the arm either extending across the breast, or 
widely separated from a pair of pectoral spots ; plantar, tarsal, 
and tibial orange spots continuous or interrupted ; the orange 


not extending on the back of the thighs. 


mm 
BROMUSHOUE EO WOME sca erica eee ok 68 
Wenothyvotihead. 5 ois hte oa eee 19 
din otha din. cctes ce «eed sees 25, 
Drameler OmeMaroe .. le ae ee eee 6 
Fntetorbrial.widthe 52.2202) 8). 8 5 
Bore cmb 4) bk Oe end. 32 
nae Ds Fe Sata oe oe Hee. lies 
AD Disuess seer ets PATE ee eee ee 24 
RO OC I earaend. ach ace Pe. te be 24 


The three specimens here described are females. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. 


Fig. 1. Female, largest specimen, upper view, natural size. 
Tig. 2. Female, lower view, natural size. 


190 . Mr. W. F. Kirby on 


XVI.— Description of a new Srake of the Genus Atractaspis 
from Mount Kenya, British East Africa. By G. A. 
BouLencenr, F.R.S. 


A SMALL collection of reptiles made by Mr, S. L. Hinde at 
Fort Hall, Mount Kenya, 4400 feet, contains, in addition to 
specimens of four species previously described by me from 
East Africa—viz. Lygosoma clathrotis, Chameleon Jacksoni, 
Chameleon Lopert, and Glauconia Emini,—an example of 
the Viperid genus Atractaspis, unique in having two post- 
oculars instead of one. It represents a new species, which L 
propose to name 


Atractaspis bipostocularis. 


Snout very short, rounded. Portion of rostral visible from 
above half as long as its distance from the frontal; suture 
between the internasals as long as that between the pre- 
frontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, nearly twice as 
long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the 
parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars; a very large 
temporal wedged in between the fourth and fifth upper labials 
and in contact with the lower postocular ; five upper labials, 
third and fourth entering the eye, fourth largest ; first lower 
labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; four 
or five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, fourth 
or fifth very large. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 233; anal 
divided; subcaudals 24 pairs. Dark olive above and beneath, 
upper surface of head paler. 

Total length 240 mm.; tail 16. 

A single young specimen. 


XVII. —List of a Ccllection of Neuroptera Odonata (Dragon- 
flies) formed by G. A. K. Marshall, Esq., at Salisbury, 
Mashonaland, with Descriptions of a new Genus and Two 


new Species. By W. F. Kirpy, I'.L.8., F.E.S. 


THIs small collection was recently presented to the Natural 
History Museum by Mr. Guy Marshall, and is interesting on 
account of all the specimens being marked with the month of 
capture. <A few notes are also added, chiefly on the colours of 
the living insects. 


Neuroptera Odonata from Mashonaland. Toa 


Libellulide.—Lieerrvrin2. 
Pantala flavescens, Fabr.: (no. 29) Nov. 1903.—Four 


specimens, 

Trithemis arteriosa, Burm.: (no. 42) October 1903, April 
1904.—Seven specimens, 

Trithemis stictica, Burm.: (no, 53) April 1904.—One 
specimen. 

Crocothemis erythrea, Brullé: (no. 25) Oct. 1903, April 
1904.—F ive specimens. 

Orthetrum chrysostigma, Burm.: (no. 14) April 1904.— 
Three specimens. 

Misthotus Marshall’, sp. n. (vide infra) : (nos. 6 & 26,imma- 
ture) Oct. 1903, (no. 5, adult) Nov. and Dec. 1903.— 
Five specimens. 


Diplacodes exul, Selys: (nos. 3 & 26) Oct. 1903, (no. 40) 
Nov. 1903, (no. 11) March 1904.—Four specimens. 


eschnide.— 7 scunin2. 


Hemianax ephippiger, Burm.: (no. 30) Noy. 1903.—Two 
specimens. 


Agrionide.— Ca@n4Grionin2. 


Disparoneura glauca, Burm.: (no. 23) November 1903.— 
One specimen. 


Micronympha senegalensis, Ramb.: (nos. 46 & 48) Oct. and 
Nov. 1903, (no. 46, November). “ Sides of thorax and 
of two basal and two apical segments of abdomen bright 


blue.” (G. M.)—Several specimens. 


Pseudagrion punctum, Ramb.: (no. 41) Oct. and Nov. 1903, 
“* Apex of abdomen pale blue.” (G. JZ.) ; (no. 45) Nov. 
1903, “2 of 24.” (G. M.)—Nine specimens. 


Pseudagrion Deckent, Gerst. (according to the above note 
=P. punctum, g): (nos. 24, 41, 48, 44) Oct. and Nov. 
1903, (nos. 44 & 46) April 1904.—Fourteen specimens. 

Ayriocnemis ewxilis, Selys: (no. 16) Oct. 1903.—One 
specimen. 


Lestes obscurus, Kirb.: (no. 15) Oct. 1903, March and April 


1904.—F our specimens, 


192 Mr. W. F. Kirby on 


Genus MIsTHorus, nov. 


Eyes contiguous, scarcely expanded behind, frontal tubercle 
rounded ; abdomen about as long as the fore wings, rather 
slender, neither thickened nor constricted at the base, with 
the second and third segments carinated; terminal appendages 
of male rather short and slender, thickened towards the 
extremity, scarcely longer than the broad triangular lower 
appendage: fore wings with 11 or 12 continuous antenodal 
cross-nervures and 9 to 11 postnodal cross-nervures in the 
upper space and 7 or 8 in the lower (only 5 in female) ; 
pterostigma rather long, with 2 or 3 nervures in the space 
below it; only 1 nervure in the lower basal cell; no supra- 
triangular nervures; triangle regular, traversed, followed by 
3 rows of post-triangular cells, only increasing towards the 
extremity, subtriangular space consisting of 3 cells ; sectors 
of the arenlus stalked, only slightly waved, lower sector of 
the triangle rising just beneath the triangle: hind wings with 
9 or 10 continuous antenodal cross-nervures (sometimes an 
accessory one in the upper series), and 11 postnodal upper 
cross-nervures and 8 lower; triangle untraversed, followed by 
two rows of cells increasing above the upper sector, which 
rises close to the lower one. 

Differs from Orthetrum chiefly by the uninflated and 
unconstricted abdomen. Several species deseiibed under 
Orthetrum (among others O. flavidulum, Kirb.) will probably 
fall into this genus. 


Misthotus Marshalli, sp. n. 


Exp. al. 58 mm.; long. pter. 3 mm. ; long. corp. 84 mm. 

Male.—Head black; vertex purple, coarsely punctured ; 
below it a yellow spot on each side, touching the eye; 
mentum with the sides broadly yellow; outer orbits yellow, 
spotted with black ; thorax and abdomen pruinose blue, with 
some slight yellow markings at the base of the legs, on the 
sides of the base of the abdomen beneath, and on the lower 
abdominal appendage above; thorax very hairy ; legs black : 
wings very clear hyaline, with blackish neuration; stigma 
dark brown, slightly bordered with smoky yellow on the inner 
edge; base of wings with a smoky yellow patch, nearly 
obsolete on the fore wings ; membranule of hind wings small, 
grey. 
Salisbury, Nov. and Dec. 1903. Two specimens. 
Female (taken in cop, with one of the two males described 


Neuroptera Odonata from Mashonaland. 193 


above, in Nov. 1903) and ¢mmature male (Oct. 1903).—Head 
yellow, antennal tubercles surrounded with purple (vertex 
wholly purple in male) ; thorax yellow, a black isosceles 
triangle above, pointing backwards, and with 5 or 6 more or 
less confluent oblique stripes on the pleura ; interalary space 
varied with black and yellow; abdomen yellow, with 3 black 
bands, widening behind, one median, the others lateral ; the 
lateral ones more or less interrupted towards the base; fourth 
segment with a black transverse line near the base, simulating 
an : imperfect carina (in the pruinose males first described this 
is hidden), All else as in the adult males previously 
described. 

In a still more immature male, taken in October, which 
seems to belong to the same species, the neuration is reddish, 
with the yellow at the base of the wings more extended ; the 
dark median triangle of the thorax and the median abdominal 
stripe are barely indicated, and the pleura and sides of abdo- 


men at the base are almost white, with oblique black lines. 


Misthotus ambiguus, sp. 0. 


Exp. al. 70 mm.; long. pter. 3 mm.; long. corp. 88 mm. 

Male.—Vertex purple, with greenish shades in certain 
lights; face mostly greenish; rhinarium black, with an orange 
spot on each side ; mentum black, with a broad orange band 
on each side ; outer orbits yellow, spotted with black, Body 
and wings nearly as in the last species ; fore wings with I1 
continuous cross-ner vures, and sometimes an accessory one on 
one side, not continued beneath, 10 in the upper postnodal 
space, and 7 in the lower: hind wings with 7 or 8 continuous 
antenodal cross-nervures, 10 or 11 in the upper postnodal 
space, and 7 or 8 in the lower. 

Otherwise as in the last species. 

Hab. Transvaal (H. Ross); Cape Colony. 

A larger and stouter insect than JZ. Marshalli. Perhaps 
allied to Orthetrum farinosum, Forster, also from the 
Transvaal. 

This is not one of Mr. Guy Marshall’s captures, but I 
describe it here as an additional species of the new genus 
Misthotus. 


194 Mr. H. H. Druce on the Synonymy of 


XVIIT.— Notes on the Synonymy of Thecla spurina, Hew., 
and Thecla ericusa, Hew. By Hamitton H. Druce, 
F.Z.S., F.E.S. 


Mucu confusion has been caused by Hewitson having 
described the male and female of both these species as distinct, 
which is the more remarkable as the female only differs on 
the underside by being palerin colour. Besides the specimens 
in the National Collection I have examined those in Mr. God- 
man’s collection, amongst which are several co-types of 
Hewitson’s which were formerly in Bates’s possession and 
several of his types. 

The first species described by Hewitson is Thecla spurina *, 
the type of which (a female) is now in the British Museum; 
it is in indifferent condition and without locality. There are 
four females in Mr. Godman’s collection (two Tapajos and 
two Paré) marked by Bates “ spurina.”? These differ from 
the type only by being rather darker and by the orange spot 
between the tails on the upperside being less apparent, this, 
however, varying slightly in all four specimens. The 
specimen referred to by Hewitson as being in Bates’s collec- 
tion, and which is labelled ‘ spurina, Hew., type,” is, in fact, 
T. ericusa, Hew., of which an excellent figure is given 
(fig. 162). 

We possess a single female from Bartica, British Guiana, 
obtained by Mr. H. 8. Parish, which differs from the Amazon 
specimens only by being rather richer in colour, doubtless 
due to its being a fresher specimen, and by the total disap- 
pearance of the orange spot between the tails on the upper 
surface. 

A few pages later is described 7. stagira +, with two vars. 
(a and Dd). 

Mr. Godman’s collection contains one male from Bates’s 
cabinet labelled ‘‘ stagira” from Tapajos; also one female 
labelled ‘ stag¢ra” from Tapajos which I am quite convinced 
is T. pion, G. & 8.f, judging from the colour and pattern 
of the underside, also by the costal margin of the fore 
wing being much more concave towards its middle than in 


T’. spurina ¢. 


* Thecla spurina, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 102, t. xxxix. figs, 122, 123 
(1867). 

+ Thecla stagira, Vew. Ill. Diurn, Lep. p. 113, t. xxxix. figs. 120, 121 
(1867). a 

{ Thecla pion, Godm, & Saly. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhop. ii. p. 56, pL. liv. 
figs. 28-30, 


Thecla spurina, Hew., and Thecla ericusa, Hew. 195 


The var. a, to which Hewitson originally gave the name 
erenea, and subsequently sunk under stagira, I do not know, 
and do not find it in the Hewitson Coll. or the B. M. Coll. 
According to the figure it has no brown apex and margin on 
fore wing above. 

The var. b, mentioned by Hewitson as from Rio, I am 
also unable to find, but there is a male in Mr. Godman’s 
collection of about the same size from Panama obtained by 
Mr. Champion. 

Again, in the same work Hewitson describes and figures 
T. volana* from the collection of the late W. W. Saunders. 

In Mr. Godman’s possession is a single female labelled 
“ S,’ and on another ticket ‘‘ Amazon.” I have no doubt 
that this is Hewitson’s type; it formerly belonged to 
Mr. Herbert Druce, who obtained it from the Saunders 
Collection at its dispersal. It cannot be separated from 
T. spurina. Messrs. Godman and Salvin, in Biol. Centr.- 
Americana, Rhop. ii. p. 52, refer to this species as 7’. stagira, 
probably because no Central-American females were sent to 
them. 

Again, Hewitson describes the female as Thecla timea ¢ 
from Bates’s collection, and the type is now in Mr. Godman’s 
possession. It is slightly smaller than the type 7. volana, 
but I can detect no other difference. 

From a perusal of the foregoing remarks it will be seen 
that the synonymy of this species is as follows :— 


Thecla spurina, Hew. 
» Sstagira, 5, 
», volana, ,, 
tunea, ” 


pid SERLET A a i oy Godm. & Salv. 


T. spurina, like many other Theclas of which any con- 
siderable number of specimens can be got together, proves to 
have a rather wide range. I have examined specimens from 
Chiriqui and Panama in Central America, males only, and 
both sexes from British Guiana ; from Manaure, N. Granada; 
from Tapajos and Pard, on the Amazon; from Paraguay 
(captured by Perrens) and from Brazil (Chapada), sent by 
Mr. H. H. Smith. 


* Thecla volana, Hew. Il, Diurn. Lep. p. 123, t. xviii. figs. 225, 226 
(1869). 

+ Thecla timea, Hew. Ill. Diurn, Lep. p. 125, t, li. figs. 268, 269 (1869) 
(T. lydia, Kirby, Cat. p. 393). 


196 On new Leucanie from British New Guinea. 


The next species here dealt with is Theclu ericusa*, 
described by Hewitson from a female Brazilian specimen in 
the collection of the late W. W. Saunders. I have been 
unable to trace this type, but the figure is an excellent one, 
and there should be no difficulty in identifying it. Shortly 
afterwards Hewitson describes the male under the name 
Thecla voconiat from an unknown locality. This type is 
now in the British Museum, and without doubt = 7. ertcusa. 

There are specimens from Venezuela (one female) and Rio 
(one male) in Mr. Godman’s possession which were formerly 
in the Kaden Collection, and one female from Minas Geraes 
(Bates), also two males and two females from Chapada, 
Brazil, obtained by Mr. H. H. Smith, and two males from 
Paraguay (Perrens). 

T. ericusa, which varies much in size, is at once distin- 
guished in the male from 7. spurina by possessing a simple 
brand on the fore wing placed just beyond the end of the cell, 
whilst that species has a double brand partly placed in the 
cell and partly beyond. ‘The possession of this simple brand 
probably points to its near alliance with Z’hecla bresciaf, a 
well-known Central-American species. 


XIX.—On Two new Leucanie from British New Guinea. 
By Georce TT’. Beraune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.8. 


Leucania leucosphenia, sp. n. 


&. Head and collar ochreous brown, patagia and thorax 
reddish ochreous; abdomen pale ochreous brown, with a 
large pale yellowish anal tuft; legs pale ochreous brown, 
with dark reddish femora. Primaries pale ochreous brown, 
with all the veins palely outlined and a pale dash at the 
lower angle of the cell ; cell filled in with pale reddish, with 
a like-coloured basal dash on its lower margin; a pale patch 
below the centre of the cell; a double postmedial row of 
dark dots; a greyish wedge-shaped mark on the termen 
below the apex; termen darkly dotted, inner margin pale, 


* Thecla ericusa, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 113, t. xlii. fig. 162 (1867 
+ Thecla voconia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 120, t. xlix. figs. 244, 2 
(1869). : 
t Thecla brescia, Hew. Desc. Lye. p. 13 (1868); Ill. Diurn. Lep. 
p. 119, t. 1. figs. 260, 261 (1869). 


). 
45 


On a new Vole from Kashmir. 197 


with a dark dash above it near the base: secondaries pinkish 
brown, paler towards the base. 

?. Like the male in all respects. 

Expanse, ¢ 44, 2 46 mm. 

The types trom Dinawa are in my collection ; the species 
flies in August. 


Leucania cryptargyria, sp. n. 


3. Head pale rufous brown; collar pale purplish brown, 
with four dark lines horizontally across ; patagize reddish 
brown, tinged with grey; abdomen pale ochreous brown ; 
palpi pale purplish brown, pale ochreous internally ; legs pale 
ochreous brown, striped with reddish ; spines black at the 
base; mid legs with tibie fringed with long pale hair ; an 
abdominal tuft of longish black hair at the base. Primaries 
pale ochreous brown, tinged with reddish in the cell and up 
to the apex, to which point the darker area tapers gradually ; 
costa broadly whitish grey; a double postmedial row of 
black points ; termen slightly clouded; the veins are more or 
less irrorated with black scales and the inner marginal area 
has a patch of similar-coloured scales: secondaries warm 
brown, slightly pinkish, with the costa and inner margin 
paler. Fringes pale pinkish, outer half white. Under 
surface: both wings uniform lustrous metallic silver, with a 
blackish spot on the costa a third from the apex. 

Expanse 48 mm. 

The type is in my collection from Dinawa. 


XX.—On a new Vole from Kashmir. 
By J. Lewis Bonnore, M.A. 


THE collection of voles sent home from Kashmir by Col. A. E. 
Ward contains three specimens of a most interesting new 
species allied to Microtus nivalis, for which I propose the 
name 


Microtus tmitator, sp. n. 


Differs externally from M. nivalis only in its smaller size 
and slightly browner coloration. 

General colour above grizzled greyish brown, each hair 
being dark at its base, with a light subterminal portion and a 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 14 


195 Ona new Vole from Kashmir. 


black tip; interspersed among these are longer pure black 
hairs. The colour is deepest across the back and paler on 
the flanks and cheeks. Underparts whitish, tinged with 
yellow ; hairs with dark bases. Feet greyish. ‘Tail long 
and bicolor, brown above, white below. Ears moderate, 
rounded, and clothed with short hairs similar in colour to the 
upper parts. 

The skull is slightly smaller and flatter than in true nivalis, 
but the brain-case is rather more rounded at the sides. The 
auditory bullz smaller, less elongate, and well rounded, thus 
slightly compressing the basioccipital. 


1. Upper right (¢mitator). 2. Upper right (nivalis). 3. Lower 
right (nivalis), 4. Lower right (¢ntator). 


Teeth generally resembling those of I. nivalis, with two 
important exceptions. In the species under consideration 
the spaces are rather narrower and smaller than in nivalis, 
the third molar of the upper jaw has four external angles 
instead of three, and the posterior lobe of the same tooth has 
a slight constriction on its inner edge, tending to form a 
fourth interior angle. In the lower jaw the anterior arrow- 
shaped head of the first molar is not symmetrical, but is 
elongated on its external side to form an oblong rounded space ; 
a tendency towards this shape is found, so Dr. Forsyth Major 
tells me, in a specimen of ntvalis from Mount Hermon, but 


Th doe 


On a new Ficalbia from West Africa. 199 


is never found among the western forms. The anterior 
external space of the third lower molar is similarly modified. 

Dimensions. Head and body 105 mm.; tail 45; hind 
foot 15; ear 12. 

Skull. Length of palate 12 mm.; length of nasals 8; 
length of molar series 6 ; width of brain-case above posterior 
roots of zygomata 13. 

flab, 'Tullian, Kashmir. Alt. 11,000 feet. 

Pepeat BME oS. ted. 42: (Sad), Tullian, ,» dashmir. 
Collected by Col. A. E. Ward, 14th July, 1903. 

In outward appearance, as well as in skull-characters, this 
vole is undoubtedly allied to JZ. nivalis of Europe, which, 
however, has not hitherto been found east of the Caucasus ; 
so that its discovery in Kashmir forms a considerable 
eastward extension of this group. Its smaller size, slightly 
browner coloration, and dental characters enable it to be 
distinguished easily from the typical nival/s. 


XXI.—A new Ficalbia from West Africa. 
By F. V. THEOBALD, M.A. 


Ficalbia nigripes, sp. n. 

Head black. Thorax pale bright yellowish brown, with 
two parallel dark lines behind. Abdomen deep brown, with 
narrow pale basal bands. Legs, antenne, palpi, and proboscis 
deep blackish brown. Wings with pale scaled veins and 
with deep brown costa. 

d. Head clothed with flat deep black scales and black 
upright forked scales. Antenne deep blackish brown, with 
paler dusky bands and deep brown plume-hairs. Proboscis 
deep blackish brown, swollen apically ; palpi small, deep 
brown. 

Thorax pale brown, clothed with long, narrow, curved, pale, 
dull yellowish scales, except for two parallel bare lines, and 
with two broad lines of long, narrow, curved, black scales on 
each side of the bare space in front of the scutellum and 
extending past it; two rows of long black bristles and nume- 
rous black ones over the roots of the wings; scutellum 
clothed with flat black scales and with brown border-bristles ; 
metanotum deep brown; pleure pale ochreous. 

Abdomen deep blackish brown, with white basal bands 
and brown lateral hairs. 

14* 


200 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on new 


Legs deep blackish brown ; the coxe pale ochreous. 

Wings with brown scales ; fork-cells short, of nearly equal 
length ; base of the first submarginal cell nearer the apex of 
the wing than that of the second posterior, its stem about one 
and a half times the length of the cell; stem of the second 
posterior not quite one and a half times the length of the 
cell; posterior cross-vein sloping backwards, not quite its 
own length distant from the mid vein ; median vein-scales in 
single line; lateral vein-scales large and bluntly lanceolate, 
existing on the second, third, and branches of the fourth veins 
only, narrower ones on part of the first long vein, those on 
the first and subcostal short and spatulate, like those forming 
the median vein-scales, only in two rows ; costa with an inner 
row of short spatulate scales, and the outer border with deep 
brown spiny ones; the sixth vein is much curved apically. 

Length 2°8 mm. 

Time of appearance. December. 

Hab. Kortright, Freetown, Sierra Leone, 1200 feet (A/ajor 
F., Smith, D.S.O., R.A.M.C,). 

Obs. Described from a perfect male. The specimen was 
bred by Major Smith from a larva taken ina hole ina brook. 

This is the first /vca/b¢a that has occurred in Africa. The 
only other species with banded abdomen is /’. minima, Theob., 
from South India, but the Indian species has banded legs. 


XXIT.— American Hymenoptera: new Bees and a new 
Proctotrypid. By 'T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of 
Colorado. 


Prosopis crenulata, sp. n. 


g .—Lenegth about 5 mm. 

Black ; head large, abdomen slender ; labrum, greater part 
of mandibles, scape in front, and face below middle lemon- 
yellow; supraclypeal mark quadrate, a little higher than 
broad, slightly emarginate above; Jateral face-marks filling 
the space between the clypeus and supraclypeal mark and 
the eye, truncate and minutely crenulate above; the yellow 
thus ends abruptly at about the same level right across the 
face, though its upper margin is not straight, but concave ; 
flagellum brown beneath; front and vertex strongly punc- 
tured; mesothorax well punctured ; metathorax polished and 
shining, with a very narrow basal sculptured area; thorax 


Bees and a new Proctotrypid. 201 


entirely black; tegule piceous; wings strongly dusky ; 
femora black, except more or less at apex, tibize and tarsi 
yellow, the small joints of the tarsi infuscated; abdomen 
black, closely and distinctly punctured. 

Hab. Mexico ; further particulars unknown (Baker collec- 
tion, no. 1785) *. 

The black scutellum distinguishes it from most of the 
Mexican species ; I do not know of any close ally. In my 
table in ‘ Entomologist,’ Aug. 1898, it runs to P. rugosula, 
CkIl., but_it is quite distinct from that. 


Celioxys angelica, sp. n. 


? .—Length about 95 mm. 

Entirely ‘black, including the legs; pubescence white ; 
tegule dark brown; wings with the apical halt dusky ; 
scutellum with the lateral teeth slender and somewhat 
hooked, no median tooth or tubercle; concavity of first 
abdominal segment bounded by a distinct rim, behind 
which is a narrow white hair-band; segments 1 to 5 with 
narrow apical hair-bands; transverse grooves on segments 
2 and 3 broadly interrupted in the middle : apical dorsal 
segmeit rather broad, pointed (the point not at all up- 
turned), not notched, but rather suddenly depressed about 
the middle, the depressed apical part with erect hairs; last 
ventral segment surpagsing the dorsal, broad, with the margin 
ciliated with dark bristles, the apex not notched, but having a 
minute tooth-like prominence ; penultimate ventral sevment 
with strong punctures, and no little ones between. 

Hab. Los Angeles, California (Dr. A. Davidson). 

Allied to C. modesta, Smith, and C. gilensis, Ckll., but 
easily known from these by the last dorsal segment having 
no upturned point. From C. apacheorum, CkIr, it is known 
by its smaller size, apical ventral plate with a little projec- 
tion, and penultimate ventral segment without little punctures 
interspersed among the large ones. 


Triepeolus wyomingensis, sp. n. 


3g .—Length just over 11 mm. 
Black, including the antenne, legs, and their spurs; 
pubescence ereyish creamy, pure white on face ; clypeus 


* Mr/E. S. G. Titus, who has access to Mr. Baker's note-bouk, informs 
me that no. 1785, the number attached to the type of Prosopis crenulata, 
signifies that it was collected by H. H. Hyde in the autumn of 1895, by 
“ sweeping &c.,” at Medellin, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 


202 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on new 


minutely rugose, with scattered large punctures; tegule 
exceedingly dark brown: wings hyaline, with only a faint 
brownish tint; nervures dark reddish brown, paler basally ; 
marginal and third submarginal cells each with a short 
appendicular nervure ; third submarginal cell longer on 
marginal than on third discoidal; second submarginal cell 
considerably narrowed above, receiving the first recurrent 
nervure at its middle; basal nervure going a considerable 
distance basad of transverso-medial: mesothorax minutely 
roughened, with a broad but thinly hairy band across the 
anterior part, sending two tongues backwards ;_ scutellum 
strongly bilobed, the lateral teeth short, black; pleura 
densely punctured, with a large circular bare patch : abdomen 
6-banded, the first segment covered with hair, except the 
usual median patch, which is pointed but not greatly pro- 
longed laterally ; second segment with the lateral upward 
extensions of the band forming right angles, as in 7’. nigriceps 
(Smith); venter with pale hair-bands on the second and 
third segments and a coarse curled purplish-sooty fringe on 
the fourth. 

Hab. Wyoming ; no other particulars known. Received 
from Mr. John H. Lovell. 

Superficially like 7. concolor (Rob.), but the markings are 
not so yellow, and the patterns of the mesothorax and first 
abdominal segment are quite different; the face also is 
broader below, with the hair white (pale golden in concolor), 
and the sides of the vertex are densely punctured and dull, 
without any shining surface showing between the punctures, 
as it does in concolor. From YT. donatus (Smith), which it 
rather approaches in the colour of its markings, it differs at 
once in the pattern of the thorax and abdomen. From 
T. nigriceps (Smith), which it approaches closely in pattern, 
it differs by its smaller size and wings not at all violaceous. 


Triepeolus callopus, sp. n. 


2 —Length 10 mm. or slightly less. 

Black, with the usual markings of pale ochraceous pubes- 
cence; legs bright ferruginous; basal three fifths of man- 
dibles, labrum, and anterior margin of clypeus_ bright 
ferruginous ; clypeus minutely roughened, with scarcely 
indicated scattered punctures ; a prominent keel between the 
antenne; scape dark; flagellum ferruginous, but much 
blackened, especially above, the first joint and base of second 
brighter ; mesothorax nude, except for two stripes of pubes- 
cence on the anterior part and a patch at each posterior 


Bees and a new Prectotrypid, 2)3 


lateral corner, its anterior margin quite bare, contrasting 
with the adjacent prothorax, which is very pubescent ; 
scutellum with the anterior half bare and the posterior half 
pubescent, rather prominent, slightly bilobed, with the lateral 
teeth black, and very short; metathorax pubescent ; pleura 
rather coarsely rugoso-punctate, pubescent, with a very large 
round bare area ; tegulee aprico‘-colour, with hyaline margins ; 
wings clear, second submarginal cell triangular ; tibial spurs 
black: abdomen with entire bands on the hind margins of 
the first four segments; first segment with the basal half 
wholly covered with pubescence, and the black area a broad 
transverse band, rounded at the ends; second segment with 
the apical band sending from each side a broad process 
antero-mesad, forming an acute angle with the band; apex 
red, dorsally with a broad-oval flattened area; last ventral 
plate curved strongly downwards at the end; first three 
ventral segments with much pubescence, the last two bare, 
the penultimate one black margined with red. 

Llab. Redondo, California (Dr. A. Davidson). 

By the marking of the first abdominal segment this 
resembles 7’. eccidentalis (Cresson) ; by the structure of the 
apex of the abdomen it resembles 7’. penicilliferus (Brues) 
and 7. concavus (Cresson). It is a much smaller insect than 
either of the last-mentioned. 


Synhalonia Grillette?, sp. n. 


3 .—Length about 16 mm. ; antennz slightly over 11 mm. 

Black, with rather dull white pubescence, faintly tinged 
with yellowish on the thorax; antenne entirely black, 
apical portion crenulated, third joint hardly over a quarter 
length of fourth, fourth longer than fifth; clypeus and 
labrum lemon-yellow, clypeus coarsely rugoso-punctate ; 
mandibles black, with an obscure pale mark on basal portion ; 
thorax densely hairy; tegule ferruginous, with hyaline 
margins; wings slightly dusky, nervures dark ferruginous, 
basal nervure meeting transverso-medial ; legs black, small 
joints of tarsi ferruginous, spurs pale reddish; hair of legs 
all pale, that on inner side of basal joints of tarsi ferrugi- 
nous; abdomen hairy, segments 3 to 6 with white pruinose 
or velvety bands, such as usually seen in females of Syn- 
halonia ; venter with short scanty dark brown pubescence, 
except at sides, where it is white and conspicuous. 

Hab. Fort Collins, Colorado, June 12, 1902 (Colorado 
Experiment Station), 

Nearest to S. /rater (Cresson), but considerably larger, 


204 Mr. W. L. Distant on 


with the abdomen more hairy and distinctly banded. It has 
a strong superficial resemblance to Melissodes macheranthere, 
Ckll., but the antennee are much longer than in that species. 


Synhalonia fulvitarsis (Cresson). 


Fort Collins, Colorado, May 27, 1900 (Colorado Experi- 
ment Station). Described from “ Colorado,” but this is the 
first indication of a precise locality or the time of flight. 


Proctotrypide. 
Proctotrypes coloradicus, sp. n. 

9.—Length 9 mm. or slightly over, with the cauda 
exceeding 10 mm. 

Entirely bright ferruginous, only the eyes black, and the 
antennz infuscated towards the end; head quadrate, but 
broader than long; first joint of flagellum longer than second ; 
metathorax cancellate, with a fine median, longitudinal, raised 
line ; second abdominal segment with only faint strize at the 
extreme base; cauda somewhat less than half length of 
abdomen: upper wings dusky, marginal cell extremely 
minute, first (and only) submarginal cell extremely large ; 
first discoidal open on outer side, the cubital nervure (which 
is very faint) not at all directed upwards, as it isin Ashmead’s 
figure of P. caudatus (which also has the first discoidal 
closed); stigma not so near apex of wing as Ashmead 
figures for caudatus. 

Hab. Boulder, Colorado, about 100 yards from no. 930 
14th St., Oct. 1, 1904, running on the ground, looking like 
an ant (Cockerell). 

Easily known by its large size, bright red colour, and the 
venation. It is most nearly allied to P. pallidus, Say. 


Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., 4 
December 1904. 


XXIII.—Three undescribed Coleoptera from Natal. 
By W. L. Distant. 


AMONG some insects recently sent to me by Mr. H. W. 
Bell-Marley from Natal were a certain number of the smaller 
Longicorn beetles, some of which were described species 
which cannot at present be included in my enumeration of 


undescribed Coleoptera from Natal. 205 


the Longicornia of the Transvaal, though they may probably 
occur in that country, while three appear to be new species, 
one necessitating the proposal of a new genus. For the 
systematic position of that genus I am again indebted to the 


advice of my friend Mr. C. J. Gahan. 


Order COLEOPTERA. 
Fam. Cerambycide. 
Subfam. Lawrrvz. 

Division ACMOCERIDARIA. 


TAMBUSA, gen. nov. 


Head considerably depressed between the antenniferous 
tubercles, which are prominent and inwardly and outwardly 
angulate ; front oblique, with a small spinous callosity on 
each side near base; eyes coarsely facetted, the lower lobes 
large ; antenne a little longer than the body, thickly pilose, 
finely hirsute beneath ; first joint somewhat transversely in- 
crassate, its margins tuberculate, third and fourth longest and 
subequal in length, but third a little incrassate, fifth slightly 
longer than any of the remaining joints, which are subequal 
in length ; pronotum about as long as broad, discally gibbous 
and laterally oblique, with a prominent spine near each poste- 
rior angle, two central, posterior, elevated, laminate processes, 
with their apices shortly tuberculously spinose, and with a 
short central spine between them ; elytra a little narrowing 
posteriorly, their apices somewhat obliquely truncate, with 
a broad, cordate, raised, but inwardly concave process at 
base ; acetabula of front cox angulate outwardly ; intercoxal 
process of prosternum triangular; femora thickened, a little 
compressed at apex and much more so at base; tibize very 
slightly longer than the femora ; first joint of tarsi considerably 
shorter than the second and third joints together, 

This genus is allied to Jdactus, Pase. 


Tambusa Marley, sp. n. 


Fulvous brown, with some scattered fuscous mottlings ; 
pronotum (excluding the discal processes) thickly, shortly, 
palely pilose, the suiface very uneven, the outer margins and 
apices of the discal processes, the apex of the intermediate 
spine, and the apex of the posterior angles piceous; elytra 
tomentose, finely tuberculate, the tubercles (excluding those 
on basal reas) arranged in longitudinal series, the basal 


206 Mr. W. L. Distant on 


process dark fulveus, piceous towards apex, and its posterior 
margin very palely flavescent; there is a short, curved, 
inner apical fascia to each elytron, preceded by a transverse 
much waved line, and an irregular transverse discal spot before 


Tambusa Marleyi, Dist. 


middle (not reaching margins), pale ochraceous ; antenne with 
the bases of the fifth and succeeding joints greyish; legs 
(especially the tibize and tarsi) distinctly pilose, at base 
and apex of tibie greyish, femora and tibie with small 
scattered piceous spots. 

Var.—Posterior margins of the lateral angles and the 
posterior margin to pronotum and humeral angles and basal 
process to elytra piceous. 

Long. 13-15 mm. 

Hab. Natal: Durban (Bell-Marley). 


Division NIPHONIDARIA. 


Soridus griseus, sp. n. 


Griseous, punctured or minutely spotted with fuscous ; 
head with the basal area from posterior margins of antenni- 
ferous tubercles fuscous, punctate, remaining portion and 
front griseous, the last with the apical area and a transverse 
fascia from between eyes fuscous ; antenne fuscous, shortly 


undescribed Coleoptera from Natal. 207 


griseously pilose; pronotum fuscously punctate, the disk 
confluently punctate, with a basal central griseous line ; 
elytra finely pilose, longitudinally irregularly carinate, 
fuscously punctate, somewhat confluently so on lateral and 


| 
is 
i's 


Soridus griseus, Dist. 


basal areas, their apices subacuminate; sternum and legs 
fuscously punctate ; abdomen beneath palely griseous, thickly 
tomentose, obscurely finely fuscously punctate. 

Long. 11} mm. 

Hab. Natal: Durban (Bell-Marley). 

This species only differs from Gahan’s genus Soridus in 
having the apices of the elytra subacuminate, not “ broadly 
subtruncate.” 


Division ACANTHOCINIDARIA. 


Exocentrus polymitus, sp. n. 


Pale griseous, much mottled or shaded with bright dark 
fuscous; head and pronotum sometimes almost entirely 
fuscous, with the posterior angles griseous, or the surface 
only fuscously punctate; elytra with two spots (the upper- 
most largest) on each side of suture before middle, followed 
by two very irregular and angularly waved transverse fasciz, 
humeral angles anda marginal spot before middle dark bright 
fuscous brown; antenne brownish ochraceous, first joint 
(excluding base), apices of joints 8-5, and nearly the whole 


208 Mr. R. Shelford on a new 


of the remaining joints fuscous brown; legs and body beneath 
fuscous brown; abdomen sometimes with a narrow, central, 
griseous fascia ; pronotum with a strong posteriorly directed 


| 


Exocentrus polymitus, Dist. 


lateral spine; elytra thickly and finely punctate; antenne 
about twice the length of body. 
Long. 4 mm. 


Hab. Natal: Durban (Bell-Marley). 


XXIV.—A new Lizard and a new Frog from Borneo. 
By R. Suetrorp, M.A., F.L.S. 


Lygosoma (Keneuxia) Vyneri, sp. n. 


Habit lacertiform; the distance between the end of the 
snout and the fore limb is contained once and a third in the 
distance between axilla and groin. Snout moderate, obtusely 
pointed, somewhat depressed. Lower eyelid scaly. Nostril 
pierced in a single nasal; supranasals present, but not in 
contact with each other. Fronto-nasal as broad as Jong, in 
contact with the rostral but not with the frontal; the latter 
as long as the fronto-parietals and parietals together, in 
contact with the first and second supraoculars; five supra- 
oculars, the fifth very small, the second the largest; eight 
supraciliaries, the first and second largest. Fronto-parietals 


Lizard and a new Frog from Borneo. 209 


and interparietal distinct, the latter rather larger than the 
former and almost entirely separating the parietals ; a pair of 
nuchals ; four labials anterior to the subocular. Ear- 
opening small. 22 scales round the body; all the scales are 
smooth ; the dorsals are larger than the ventrals. Preeanals 
slightly enlarged. The adpressed limbs overlap. Digits 
slender, with sharp claws, the basal phalanges cyclotetragonal, 
the distal strongly compressed; subdigital lamella smooth, 
20 under the fourth toe. Tail equal in length to head and 
body. Head greyish olive, some of the scales edged with 
black ; a series of four dorsal scales are black, each scale with 
a central quadrate olive-grey spot, forming four longitudinal 
stripes; a dorso-lateral series of scales is olive-grey ; sides 
of neck and body and the limbs covered with brown scales, 
black-edged ; tail greyish olive ; ventral surface pale green. 


mm. 
Rowal Teneo. sre’ < ies alors da ete se 132 
ead hee s See eee ee 14 
Width ‘of heard, sy {cee ok ey Be 10 
OU y Kioe marae Haver ae aaa verse. 9 oss 3s 52 
Horegumibin sce eta eric, Se ose 19 
Ting ime acasystters a olsen Be cicsanare 24 
ADL ous che aha gas yt EE Das gs ae pute 66 


Flab. Mount Balineau, Muka district, Sarawak. 

The type and only known specimen of this species, which 
has been named in honour of His Highness the Raja Muda of 
Sarawak, is deposited in the Sarawak Museum. Structurally 
this skink is very like the other species of the section 
Keneuxia, but it differs from L. smaragdinum, Less., by the 
absence of an enlarged scale on the heel, from ZL. olivaceum, 
Gray, and L, vittatum, Ede!., by the smooth dorsal scales. 


[ana sariba, sp. n. 


Vomerine tecth in two oblique series commencing from’ the 
inner posterior angles of the choane. Head broad, snout 
rounded ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; 
tympanum distinct, about one half the size of the eye. 
Fingers moderate, the first not extending beyond the second, 
but shorter than it; the tips of the fingers expanded into 
small disks about two thirds the size of the tympanum ; toes 
half-webbed, their tips expanded into disks which are a little 
larger than the disks of the fingers; subarticular tubercles 
well developed ; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, oval ; 
no outer tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards 
along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation just falls short of 


210 ~~ Dr. H. Charlton Bastian on the [eterogenetic 


the tip of the snout. Skin of the throat and sides of the body 
with minute tubercles. Reddish brown above, closely 
marbled with darker brown, tibiz with three dark cross-bars ; 
pale beneath. 

From snout to vent 35 mm. 

Hab. Mount Saribaw, Samarahan River, Sarawak. 

This rather obscure little frog in general appearance 
resembles small specimens of Rana Kuhlit, D. & B., but the 
distinct tympanum and expanded tips of the digits readily 
serve to distinguish it from that species. The type and only 
known specimen (a female) is deposited in the Sarawak 
Museum. 


XXV.—The Heterogenetic Origin of Fungus-germs and 
Morads. By H. Cuartron Bastian, M.A., M.D., 
P.R.S., Pals: 

[Plates XIV. & XV] 


SINCE my communication to ‘ Nature’ on this subject, on 
Noy. 24 of last year, I have been devoting much of my 
leisure time to further observations on the development and 
transformations of small Zoogloea masses, with the result 
that I have abundantly confirmed the truth of my original 
observations, and have also been able to fill up several gaps 
in my previous knowledge. I have satisfied myself also that 
by far the best way for readily investigating these phenomena 
is to obtain very thin bacterial scums, by using filtered in- 
fusions not too strong, and a depth of fluid of rather less than 
one inch. As all the processes that I have been describing 
go on in the dark quite as well as in the light, the simplest 
plan is to filter the infusion, prepared as previously directed *, 
into small one-ounce earthenware pots, over which the covers 
are then placed till the time comes for the examination of 
their contents. If three or four pots are prepared at the 
same time, they may be opened at will on successive days, 
or some may be exposed to one temperature and some to 
another. 

It is important to bear in mind two fairly distinct aspects 
of my observations, corresponding with different stages in the 
processes described. We have to. do (1) with the growth, 
the individualization, and the processes of segmentation taking 
place in masses of Zoogleea. We have also to do (2) with 


* ‘Nature,’ Noy. 24, 1904, p. 77. 


Origin of Fungus-germs and Monads, 211 


the question of the ultimate destination, or the transforma- 
tion, of the products of such segmentation. These are two 
parts of the subject that are to some extent distinct, and 
which are well worthy of further separate consideration. 

(1) The Developmental Tendencies in Zooglea.—lf it be 
asked, what amount of knowledge do bacteriologists possess 
on this subject ? the answer must be “next to nothing,” 
if we are to judge from the extreme paucity of information on 
the subject which is to be found in any of their text-books. 
Yet if they would only deign to look at what takes place in 
a filtered hay-infusion, they could very soon satisfy them- 
selves that Zoogloea masses not only grow rapidly, but 
undergo definite developmental processes, associated with 
marked molecular changes, as evidenced by their different 
behaviour at different stages to logwood or other stains, as 
well as by the results of microscopical examination. And 
while these molecular changes are taking place the masses 
may segment into larger or smaller portions and often into 
minute ‘spherical or ovoid units, showing that an organizing 
process is taking place. 

If we look at the constitution of Zoogloea masses as shown in 
fig. 1, A and B (PI. XIV.), it may be seen that we have only 
to do with bacteria imbedded in a varying proportion of gloeal 
material. But later on, when the mass has grown, and some 
amount of segmentation has taken place, as in C, it may 
often be seen that we have still only to do with aggrevates 
of bacteria. At other times, it is true, the molecular ‘changes 
that have taken place in the mass have so altered its con- 
stitution (making the segments very refractive) that the 
included bacteria are no longer recognizable, as in the paler 
segments shown in D, which soon become resolved into the 
dark brown Fungus-germs seen by their side. 

But now an important link in the proof of my views may 
be brought forward. ‘The Zoogloea masses in their early stages 
are colourless, but a large proportion of them are, as I main- 
tain, ultimately destined to give rise to brown Fungus-germs. 
The assumption of the brown colour may, however, be taken 
on by the segments of the Zoogloea while bs are still only 
ageregates of bacteria, as may ‘be seen by fig. 2, A, showing 
nearly spherical segments of a large Zoogloea mass which 
were in different shades of brown, and in some of which the 
constituent bacteria (now themselves coloured) are plainly to 
be seen. The same thing occurs not unfrequently in Zoogloea 
abe which have as yet undergone no segmentation, as in 

fig.2, D. In Ba small Zoogloea aggregate is seen becom- 
ing brown, the process being rather more advanced below 


212. ~=Dr. H. Charlton Bastian on the Heterogenetic 


than above, while in C a similar mass is to be seen which has 
almost completely segmented into Fungus-germs. In K we 
have two other much smaller masses of Zoo, glceea which have 
become brown, and which plainly show their constituent 
bacteria ; while in F we have the same process taking place 
in very minute units of Zooglcea, such as give rise to diserete 
Fungus-germs—though in other cases very similar minute 
units of Zoogloea, to which I shall presently refer, are trans- 
formed either into Monads or into Amcebe. 

These facts concerning the changes taking place in large 
or small masses of Zooglcea, even leaving aside the question 
of their subsequent transformations, are surely facts of con- 
siderable importance well worthy of a little attention on the 
part of bacteriologists. 

Although my more complete recent observations as to the 
assumption of a brown colour by the Zoogloea masses and 
their segments serve to make the relationshipbetween them and 
the brown Fungus-germs more obvious than it was previously, 
yet the actual proot of the development of the one from the 
other can now be given in a more complete way—also as a 
result of recent observations. 


(2) The Transformation of Zooglwa Masses into Fungus- 
germs or Monads.—The very distinct specimens to which I 
shall first refer were taken from the scum on a hay-infusion 
that had been hei in a small closed pot to a tempera- 
ture of 70° F. (21° C.) for seven days. Many of the Zoogloea 
masses had by nee, time become wholly transformed into 
brown Fungus-germs, though other masses in all inter- 
mediate stages were to be seen. Some were still in an early 
colourless state, as in fig. 1, A, the mass there represented 
having been taken from this infusion. A later stage in 
which the whole mass is being converted into embryo Fungus- 
germs is shown in fig. 3, A; and a still later stage, in which 
the nucleated embryo germs are far more distinct, is shown 
in B. In C the germs may be seen to be larger and becom- 
ing brown, while in D (shown under a lower magnification) 
the entire mass of the Zooglea has been transformed into 
aggregates of brown Fungus-germs. 

In the pot from which these specimens were taken at the end 
of the seventh day not a single hypha was to be found, nor 
were there any of the thick-walled brown cells to which 
Mr. Massee refers*. All such bodies were similarly absent 
for many days after, during which from time to time I 


‘Nature,’ Dec. 22, 1904, p. 175. 


Origin of Fungus-germs and Monads. 213 


examined the contents of the pot. It was perfectly plain, 
indeed, that in the thousands of small Zoogloea masses under- 
going this change, one had to do with no process of infection, 
It was clear that the Zoogloea masses were becoming or- 
ganized simultaneously throughout their substance, and that 
all the stages of the development of the Fungus-germs into 
which they were being transformed could be more or less 
plainly traced, the changes in this case taking place without 
any antecedent minute segmentation of the masses. I in- 
vited Mr, Massee to come and examine these specimens for 
himself, but he did not do so, and nevertheless subsequently 
thought proper to write the letter already referred to, which 
appeared in ‘ Nature,’ and was answered in a subsequent 
issue (January 19, 1905, p. 272). 

A similar transformation of the Zooglcea masses without 
antecedent segmentation has been seen in other cases, though 
in none of them have I been able to make out the actual 
stages of the transformation anything like so plainly as in 
the specimens represented in fig. 3. In one of the cases 
recently seen, in which the specimens were also taken from 
a closed pot, the Zoogloea masses as a whole had previously 
assumed a pale brown tint, and rather large Fungus-germs 
were formed from their substance, such as are shown in 
fig. 4, A (x700). But, again, no hypha of any kind was 
ever seen among the contents taken from this pot. 

Where a certain amount of segmentation has occurred in 
the Zoogloea mass before the brown colour is assumed (as in 
fig. 2, A, in which the constituent bacteria are still distinct), 
these brown segments subsequently become resolved into 
Fungus-germs, as may be seen in fig. 4, B. Such brown 
Fungus-germs soon assume more definite contours as in A, 
and they may occasionally, but very rarely, be seen to give 
rise to hyphe. 

As intimated in my previous communication to ‘ Nature,’ 
there are various modes in which Fungus-germs originate from 
the Zoogloea masses. Still these different modes are only 
comparatively unimportant variations, dependent upon the 
different states of the Zooglcea masses at the time when the 
actual transformations take place. The principal variations 
seem to be these :— 

(a) Zooglcea entire and uncoloured ; organization through- 
out, and Fungus-germs when forming becoming brown, as in 
fig. 3. 

(6) Zoogloea entire, but assuming a brown colour before 
the transformation into Fungus-germs occurs, as in fig. 2, D, 
and fig. 4, A. 

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7, Vol. xv. 15 


214. ~=Dr. H. Charlton Bastian on the Heterogenetic 


(c) Zoogloea uncoloured, undergoing partial segmentation, 
and then the origination therefrom of Fungus-germs gradually 
becoming brown, as in figs. 8 and 9 in Nature’ for Nov. 24th, 
1904. 

(d) Zooglcea uncoloured and undergoing partial segmenta- 
tion ; these segments then becoming brown, and subsequently 
being transformed into groups of brown Fungus-germs, as in 
figs. 2, A, and 4, B. 

(ec) A mixture of the last two processes, as shown to some 
extent in the lower part of fig. 9 (‘ Nature,’ Nov. 24th). 

(/) Zooglcea uncoloured and undergoing complete segmen- 
tation into colourless units, which gradually assume a brown 

-or brownish-black tint, as in fig. 12 (‘ Nature,’ Nov. 24th). 


As I previously said, the conversion of the Zoogloea masses 
into aggregates of Monads takes place much less frequently 
than their transformation into Fungus-germs. Still the two 
processes may often be seen going on side by side in the 
pellicle. I am, indeed, disposed to think from what I have 
seen that some of the same kind of Zooglcea masses which in 
the early days become converted into Monads may, if they 
chance to remain untransformed for seven or eight days, be 
then converted into Fungus-germs rather than into Monads. 
It is difficult to be certain of this, but I am strongly disposed 
to believe that it is so. It is quite certain, however, that 
conversion into Monads, when it occurs, takes place almost 
always somewhere between the third and the fifth days, while 
after the latter date up to the tenth or twelfth day one finds 
Zoogloea masses either all brown or producing brown segments 
which are being converted into Fungus-germs. The Zoogloea 
masses and all the segments into which they divide invariably 
remain colourless where Monads or Amcebe are to be the 
products. 

Since my former communication to ‘ Nature” I have seen 
enormous numbers of the Zoogloea masses yielding Monads in 
the pellicle on an infusion of hay, which was exposed to light 
in a small beaker. The Monads were met with on the fourth 
and fifth days, the temperature to which the infusion had 
been exposed having varied from about 54°-59° F. (12°-15° 
C.). The Zoogloea masses were in many cases very large and 
presented some peculiar characters. In their early stages they 
always appeared as pellucid, somewhat ramified, discontinuous 
areas, as Shown in fig. 5, A (Pl. XV.). Later, portions of the 
mass begin to segment as in B; later still, actual Monads 
may be seen beginning to form, as in fig. 6, A; while, finally, 
there is amore complete conversion into an aggregate of 


Origin of Fungus-germs and Monads. 215 


motionless spherical or ovoidal units, as shown in fig. 6, B, 
which after a time become active flagellate Monads. 

As I have indicated in my ‘Studies in Heterogenesis,’ 
pp. 69-73, Monads are much more commonly produced from 
the pellicle in another way—namely, as pale, discrete, 
motionless corpuscles more or less thickly distributed through 
its under layers. These are to be seen often in the course of 
the third or fourth day, when not a single active Monad has 
hitherto been found. While if the same pellicle be examined 
twelve or twenty-four hours later, the fluid may be discovered 
to be swarming with active Monads, all of about the same 
size, and this size agreeing with that of the previously 
motionless corpuscles. At other times swarms of minute 
Amoebe rather than of Monads suddenly make their appear- 
ance where only motionless corpuscles were previously present. 

As the corpuscles sometimes develop into Monads and 
sometimes into Amcebe, I have been accustomed to speak of 
them as “indifferent corpuscles.” Not unfrequently, how- 
ever, after their formation they may remain for a much 
longer time quiescent and without developing in either 
direction. ‘This was the case in a hay pellicle that I have 
recently examined, in which such corpuscles were found in 
enormous numbers and rather larger than usual. They were 
first seen when a small pot containing same hay-infusion was 
opened after four days, during which it had been exposed to 
a temperature of 70° F. (21° C.). The edge of a portion of 
this pellicle is represented in fig. 7, A, while in B some of 
the separate corpuscles are shown more highly magnified, so 
as to reveal the nature of their contents. Nothing like a 
nucleus is to be seen, nor can one be detected by the use of 
any of the ordinary stains even when the corpuscles have 
been allowed to soak in them for many hours. Logwood, 
carbo-fuchsine, gentian violet, and mastzellen stain have all 
yielded negative results. Not a trace of a nucleus is to be 
found, and the corpuscles seem to be mere individualized 
portions of Zoogloea intermediate in size between the brown 
units on the way to the production of Fungus-germs, which 
are shown in fig. 2, EK and F, and, like them, containing only 
a few bacteria in their interior. I lave examined such 
corpuscles over and over again, and always with similar 
results. If they do not speedily develop, a limiting membrane 
is produced which enables their contents to resist staining, 
and causes the corpuscles themselves to shrivel if they are 
mountedin glycerineand water. When these corpuscles develop 
quickly, which is the rule, they give rise, as I have said, more 
or less suddenly to swarms either of Monads GE of minute 

15* 


216 Dr. H. Charlton Bastian on the Heterogenetic 


Amcebe, and then, when thus developed, a delicate nucleus 
can generally be recognized even without the aid of stains. 

Of course all this is very contrary to generally accepted 
beliefs ; but if others would only investigate this subject with 
care, as [ have done, I have little doubt but that my results 
would speedily be confirmed. The study of what goes on in 
the scum on a hay-infusion might, indeed, be strongly 
recommended to some who are occupied with researches on 
the origin of species, and the phenomena of variation in 
vegetal and animal organisms, as likely to yield more funda- 
mental and more striking results than certain statistical and 
other methods of enquiry which at present find favour. 

In conclusion, I would ask, Why do the bacteriologists not 
tell us what they know about Zoogloea—whether they are or 
are not aware of its developmental tendencies, and why it 
should undergo processes of minute segmentation, unless such 
processes are a result of an organizing tendency destined to 
have some definite outcome? Why, again, should it or its 
segments so often tend to assume a brown colour, while it is 
still nothing but Zoogloea, either segmented or unsegmented ? 
Again, why, if the brown Zooglcea does not yield the brown 
Fungus-germs, should there be this constant association of 
myriads of brown Fungus-germs (in the absence of hyphe) 
in association with brown masses of Zoogloea? How can 
they explain, other than I have done, the actual organization 
of a Zoogloea mass and the stages by which the brown 
Fungus-germs seem to be formed therein, such as are shown 
in fig. 3? What process of ‘ infection” in a filtered hay- 
infusion contained in a closed pot could cause thousands of 
small Zooglcea masses to go simultaneously through similar 
processes of this kind—producing myriads of brown Fungus- 
germs—when not a single hypha is anywhere to be found, 
and where at first no Fungus-germs are to be met with 
outside the Zoogloea masses themselves? I trust the 
bacteriologists will vouchsafe to give us some information 
on these points, or, if they cannot reasonably explain them, 
that they may be induced to work at the subject, and satisfy 
themselves that something important can be learned con- 
cerning bacteria, even though it be outside their laboratories 
and by methods other than their own. 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
PLATE XIV. 


Fig. 1, A. An ordinary mass of Zooglcea in an early stage. 
B. A more pellucid mass in which the gleeal material is unusually 
abundant. 


eS — PD Sn Ma Cay eee a 


utied 


Fig. 1. C. 


Fig. 3. 


Fig. 4. 


Fig. 5. 


Fig. 6. 


Fig. 7. 


ES ab 


by 


Se 6 Gd 


Origin of Fungus-germs and Monads. 217 


Portions of a large Zoogloea mass at a later stage in which the 
contained bacteria are still distinct, though altered, within 
the segments. 


. Glistening segments of a Zoogloea mass in which the bacteria 


are completely obscured, while by their side are other 
segments which haye become resolved into brown Fungus- 
germs. 


A, B, and D, x 500; C, x 700. 


. Segments of a large Zoogloea mass becoming brown, in some 


of which the constituent bacteria may be seen. 
A Zooglcea aggregate in an early stage becoming brown. 


. A similar mass from the same scum segmenting into pale 


brown Fungus-germs. 


. Zoogloea mass as a whole becoming brown. 
. Two small Zoogloea masses which have become of a darker 


brown colour. 


. Still smaller Zoogloea units which have become brown, and, 


like the last, also show the contained bacteria. 
All x 500. 


. Portion of a Zoogloea mass which is beginning to be trans- 


formed into an aggregate of embryo Fungus-germs. 


. A later stage of the same change, in which the embryo germs 


are more distinct. 


. A later stage still, in which the germs are larger and becoming 


brown. 
Masses of Zooglcea which have been completely transformed 


into aggregates of brown Fungus-germs. 
A, B, and C, x 700; D, x 500. 


. Zoogloea masses of a pale brown colour being transformed into 


very distinct Fungus-germs. 


. A Zoogloea mass converted into brown, roundish segments 


which are being transformed into Fungus-germs, 
AC a (00 BS x 500! 


PLATE XV. 


. A pellucid ramifying mass of Zooglea. 
. Commencement of segmentation in portions of such a pellucid 


mass, 


Each x 500. 


. Early stage in the formation of Monads from a similar pellucid 


mass of Zooglea. 


. More complete segmentation of such a Zoogloea mass into 


embryo Monads. 
Each x 500. 


A, Portion of a hay pellicle showing discrete motionless cor- 


puscles scattered through it. 


B. A tew of these discrete corpuscles more highly magnified and 


showing contained bacteria but no nucleus. 
A, xX 500; B, x 700. 


218 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


XX VI.—Descriptions of new Species of Sphegide and Cero- 
palidee from the Khasia Hills, Assam. By P. CAMERON. 


Sphegide. 
Crabro himalayensis, sp. 0. 


Length 10mm. 92°. 

Belongs to Bingham’s (Fauna of Brit. India, Hymen. i. 
p. 322) division “ B. Abdomen non-petiolate” and to a 
new section “ Enclosed space at base of median segment 
punctured.” 

Black ; the antennal scape beneath, two broad lines on 
the top ‘of the pronotum, and marks on the sides of the 
abdominal segments, yellow; wings almost hyaline, the 
stigma fuscous, the nervures darker in colour. Vertex 
sparsely, the front more strongly and closely punctured and 
thickly covered with longish black hair; the lower part of 
the front, face, and clypeus covered with silvery pile. Meso- 
notum closely, the scutellum more sparsely punctured, its 
base in the centre smooth. Metanotal area distinctly punc- 
tured, the sides with a few indistinct striz, the middle with 
a broad and deep longitudinal furrow, which has a few 
transverse striz; the apical slope has, on the top, some 
minute scattered punctures, its apex and sides finely and 
closely transversely striated; the middle furrow is deep; 
the furrow bounding the enclosed space striated. Upper 
part of propleurz indistinctly striated, the lower with two 
distinct divisions of curved striz. Mesopleural furrow deep, 
crenulated, the part at its base striated. Basal half of 
metapleurz closely, minutely, obliquely striated. Meso- 
sternum covered with longish, soft, white hair. 


Crabro monozonus, sp. n. 


Black ; a broad yellow line on the pronotum, one on the 
apex of the second abdominal segment, the apex of the 
anterior femora broadly, the fore tarsi and the anterior tibiz 
in front, yellow. Wings smoky fuscous, the nervures and 
stigma black. 2. 

Length 9 mm. 

Metanotal area obliquely striated, but not strongly, and 
with a narrow furrow down the centre. Front and vertex 
opaque, closely and distinctly punctured and covered with 
long blackish hair; there is no furrow below the ocelli. 
Face and clypeus thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; 


a i 


Species of Sphegide from the Khasta I[Tills. 219 


the latter not keeled in the middle, its apex broadly rounded. 
Mesonotum and scutellum closely punctured, the former 
with anarrow keel down the middle. Pleurze smooth, thickly 
covered with short white hair; the furrows crenulated. 
Fore tarsi covered with broad leaf-like spines. Pygidium 
not depressed, keeled, or punctured. Abdomen sessile. 


CERCERIS. 


a. Metanotal area punctured, 


Cerceris bimaculata, sp. n. 


Black ; a large semicircular mark on the cheeks touching 
the eyes, a triangular mark below the antennal keel, the 
clypeus (except for a broad black line on the apex), a broad 
band on the pronotum, the sides of the scutellum broadly, 
the base of the second abdominal segment, almost the apical 
half of the third, and a narrow interrupted line on the fourth 
and fifth segments, rufous. Wings smoky fuscous, lighter 
behind, the stigma fulvous. @. 

Length 10 mm. 

Front and vertex closely and strongly, the cheeks closely 
and less strongly, and clypeus more sparsely punctured. 
Apex of clypeus slightly waved, the outer of the three pro- 
jections the larger. Antennal keel stout, black. Mesonotum 
closely, rugosely punctured. Metanotum with area closely 
punctured, the apex with two shining foveze. Mesopleurze 
reticulated, the pro- and metapleure aciculated. Pygidium 
irregularly rugosely punctured ; the sixth ventral segment 
has on the sides, at the apex, a patch of fulvous pubescence ; 
the hypopygium entire. 

May be known from C. himalayensis and canaliculata by 
the scutellum being broadly rufous at the sides. The four 
anterior tibize and the anterior tarsi in front are testaceous. 


Cerceris canaliculata, sp. n. 


Black ; the face, lower inner orbits widely, clypeus (except 
at the apex), a band on the pronotum, the base of the second 
abdominal segment, the apical half of the third, and a narrow 
line on the sides of the fourth segment, rufous. Wings 
fuscous, if anything darker in front, and with a slight vio- 
laceous tint. Legs black, the four anterior tibize testaccous 
in front. <¢. 

Length 10 mm. 


220 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


Metanotal area closely and distinctly punctured ; the sides 
obliquely striated; on the apex of the segment are three 
furrows, the central being the larger; the hair on it is long 
and fuscous. Lower orbits and sides of clypeus covered with 
pale golden pubescence. Front and vertex closely and some- 
what strongly punctured and covered with long fuscous 
hair; the face and clypeus less strongly punctured. Meso- 
notum and _ scutellums closely and strongly punctured. 
Propleure aciculated, the middle of the mesopleurze reticu- 
lated, the perpendicular striz more distinct than the 
longitudinal; the metapleure aciculated. Pygidium only 
slightly narrowed at the extreme apex, being of almost equal 
width throughout; it is irregularly rugosely punctured, 
except at the apex. 

Belongs to Bingham’s section B: C. himalayensis differs 
from it in the apex of the clypeus broadly projecting and 
transverse, whereas in the present species it is broadly 
rounded; this species wants the yellow marks behind the 
eyes and the central furrow on the apex of the median 
segment is clearly defined. 


Cerceris himalayensis, sp. 0. 


Black ; the face, inner orbits widely, the antennal keel, 
clypeus (except at the apex), and asmall spot behind the eyes 
near the top, rufous; a broad line on the pronotum, scu- 
tellums, a broad band on the base of the second abdominal 
segment, a narrower one on the apex of the third, a narrow 
one on the apex of the fourth, and a narrow interrupted line 
on the apex of the fifth, yellow. The four anterior tibiz 
yellowish in front. Wings hyaline, the basal half of the 
anterior and the radial and cubital cellules smoky ; stigma 
fulvous, nervures black. 2°. 

Length 10 mm. 

Front and vertex strongly and closely punctured, the front 
more coarsely than the vertex; the clypeus sparsely, the 
cheeks closely and coarsely punctured. Apex of clypeus 
with a slight broad incision. Mesonotum closely, the scu- 
tellum, if anything, more strongly punctured ; the metanotal 
area closely rugosely punctured. Pro- and metapleure 
coarsely aciculated ; the mesopleurz coarsely punctured, above 
the middle, on the basal half, is a wide longitudinal furrow. 
Median segment above thickly covered with long fuscous 
hair. Pygidiunr closely rugosely punctured; the apex of 
the hypopygium almost transverse. 


ee 


ee ee ne 


Species of Sphegide from the Khasia [Tills. 221 


Cerceris intimella, sp. n. 

Black; the clypeus (except at the apex), the inner orbits 
broadly to the top of the antennal keel, the keel, a spot 
behind the top of the eyes, a line on the pronotum, the 
scutellums, the apex of the first abdominal segment, the base 
of the second more broadly, the apex of the third, and a 
narrow more or less interrupted line on the fourth and fifth, 
yellow. Wings hyaline, broadly fulvous smoky in front, the 
costa and stigma fulvous, the nervures fuscous. Four an- 
terior tibize testaceous in front. @. 

Length almost 15 mm. 

Front and vertex closely distinctly punctured, more closely 
and finely behind the ocelli; clypeus sparsely punctured, the 
apical incision large, semicircular; the pubescence on the 
lower part of the inner orbits dense and silvery, on the rest 
long, fuscous. Pronotum closely and minutely, the meso- 
notum and scutellum closely distinctly, the postscutellum 
closely minutely, punctured; the scutellum with a slight 
depression in the middle. _ Metanotal area closely strongly 
punctured like the rest of the segment ; the pubescence on 
it is black. Pro- and metapleure alutaceous, the former 
with a few obscure striz, the latter irregularly striated at 
the base; the mesopleure strongly punctured. Pygidium 
closely irregularly reticulated, becoming slightly narrowed 
from the middle to the apex. 

Comes into Bingham’s section B. 0. 


b. Metanotal area striated. 


Cerceris rufoplagiata, sp. n. 


Black; the scape and pedicle of the antenne, the inner 
eye-orbits from opposite the base of the antenne, the antennal 
keel, a mark on the top of the clypeus, .and its outer edge 
below, yellow; tle upper part of the prothorax, the apex of 
the mesonotum in the middle and at the sides, the seutellums, 
a mark on the propleure, one behind the tubercles, the 
tubercles, the first abdominal segment above, with a black 
mark in the middle behind, the base of the second broadly, 
its apex narrowly, the apical two thirds of the third, and 
the apices of the following three segments narrowly, rufous. 
Wings smoky hyaline, darker in front, the stigma fulvous. 
Legs black, the anterior femora and tibie red. 2. 

Length 7 mm. 

Front and vertex strongly, closely, and uniformly, the 
face less closely punctured, almost smooth in the middle. 


222 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


Clypeus broadly rounded in the middle at the apex and 
densely covered with silvery pubescence. Mesonotum and 
scutellum rather strongly punctured. Metanotal area 
obliquely striated, the rest strongly and rather irregularly 
_ punctured. Propleurze strongly obliquely striated; the 

mesopleure (except at the base) strongly and uniformly punc- 
tured. The base of the metapleure smooth, irregularly and 
finely striated above and below, the apex rugose. Pygidium 
rather strongly, but not very closely punctured. 

The obliquely striated metanotal area brings this species 
into Bingham’s section C. } near to C. Elizabethe. 


Cerceris aureobarba, sp. 0. 


Black ; the clypeus (except at the apex), a mark above it, 
produced on the top into a narrow point, a large semicir- 
cular mark on the face touching the eyes, the third abdominal 
segment (except at the base), and the apices of the fourth, 
fifth, and sixth narrowly, yellow. Legs black, the four 
anterior tibie (except for a black line behind) and the 
basal joint of the tarsi yellow. Wings hyaline, smoky in 
front: os 

Length 9 mm. 

Belongs to Bingham’s section C. 6. 

Front and vertex strongly and deeply punctured, the 
punctures running into reticulations and on the front into 
striee ; the cheeks and clypeus covered with silky pubescence, 
the sides of the clypeus fringed with long golden hair. The 
sides of the pronotum, tegulz, and postscutellum rufous. 
Pro- and mesonotum rugosely punctured, the centre of the 
former irregularly striated behind. Metanotum stoutly 
obliquely striated ; the rest of it is more strongly punctured 
than the mesonotum. ‘Top of propleure smooth, with three 
fovez, the middle has three stout curved striz, the lower 
part irregularly rugose. Mesopleurz rugosely punctured 
(except behind, where it is finely striated above, aciculated 
below). Metapleurze rugosely punctured, the base stoutly 
obliquely striated. Base of pygidium stoutly punctured, 
minutely punctured between ; the hypopygium is roundly, 
but not deeply, incised at the apex. 


e. Metanotal area smooth. 


Cerceris lepcha, sp. un. 


Black ; the antennal scape below, a large mark on the 
face, triangular above, the inner orbits, the clypeus (the 


Species of Sphegidie from the Khasia Hills. 223 


yellow reaching to the eyes), the greater part of the antennal 
keel, the base of the mandibles, a line on the pronotum, the 
greater part of the scutellum, postscutellum, a line on the 
sides of the apex of metanotum (rounded above, transverse 
below), yellow. The base of the second abdominal segment 
all round pallid yellow, the apical two thirds of the second, 
the apex of the fifth, and the apical segments entirely, 
rufous yellow. Legs black, the anterior tibiz testaceous ; 
all the knees, trochanters, and the extreme base of the tibiz 
yellow. Wings hyaline, the radial and the apical cubital 
cellules smoky, the stigma and nervures black. @. 

Length 8 mm. 

Basal joints of antennal flagellum brownish beneath, as 
are also the apical more obscurely. Front and vertex 
strongly but not very closely punctured; thickly covered 
with white hair, as are also the face and clypeus. Meso- 
notum shining, sparsely punctured, thickly covered with 
short white hair. Scutellum furrowed down the centre. 
Median segment sparsely punctured; the central furrow 
shallow and ending at the apex in two distinct fovec ; the 
basal area smooth and shining. Lower side of propleure 
with some curved striz ; the mesopleure strongly punctured ; 
the apex of the metapleure sparsely punctured and thickly 
covered with white hair. Pygidium strongly, but not closely, 
punctured. 


Tachysphex bituberculata, sp. un. 


Length ]1mm. 9°. 

Black ; ; the head and thorax densely punctured, the upper 
part of the front covered with a short pile, the lower, laterally, 
thickly with silvery pubescence, the middle furrowed ; ; above 
the antenne are two shining, smooth, oblique tubercles. 
Face and clypeus closely punctured, thickly covered with 
silvery pubescence ; the apex of clypeus obliquely depressed, 
smooth and shining before the middle; the apex projects 
broadly in the middle. Base of mandibles thickly covered 
with silvery pubescence. Mesonotum thickly covered with 
short white pubescence. Scutellum more shining, and, if 
anything, more widely punctured than the mesonotum. 
Base of metanotum closely reticulated all over; the oblique 
apex rugose and furrowed narrowly in the middle. Pro- 
pleure above closely rugosely punctured, below shining, 
aciculated, and sparsely punctured. Mesopleure closely 
distinctly punctured; behind the base is a wide, not very 
deep furrow obscurely striated; immediately below the 


pare! Mr. P. Cameron on new 


tegule is a deep depression, with an oblique slope at the 
base. The upper part of metapleure with some sharp, 
irregular, distinct, clearly separated keels; the rest closely 
covered with strive, which become stronger towards the apex. 
Legs pruinose, the anterior calcaria and spines pale. Wings 
hyaline, the apex with a narrow fuscous band; the nervures 
behind the stigma pale yellow; the first recurrent nervure 
is received shortly behind, the second in the middle of the 
cellule. Abdomen with brown pruinose bands ; pygidium 
bare, aciculated, its apex more shining and distinctly punc- 
tured laterally; the sides sharply keeled ; base of hypopygium 
smooth, the rest punctured. 


Notogonia fuscinerva, sp. un. 


Length 13 mm. 2. 

Agrees in coloration with N. subtessellata; may be known 
from it by the first transverse cubital nervure not having a 
gradual curve from the top to the bottom, but is distinctly 
elbowed ; the second recurrent nervure is not so oblique, its 
bottom being opposite to its top, this being not the case 
with N. subtessellata, and the apices of the metasternal lobe 
are broader and more rounded. 

Black ; densely covered with a silvery pile, the pile on the 
mesonotum darker, more goldenin tint. Wings hyaline, iri- 
descent, the apex steel-blue, the nervures fuscous ; the first 
transverse cubital nervure is distinctly elbowed in the middle, 
the two parts having an oblique straight slope ; the second 
cubital cellule has the length of the third; the two recurrent 
nervures are received before the middle; the apex of the 
radius has an oblique slope. Legs thickly pruimose; the 
hind femora red, except at the extreme apex; tarsal spines 
rufous. 

Head aciculated, the three depressions on the front deep; 
the central furrowed down the middle. Apex of clypeus 
smooth, glabrous, and with a small incision in the middle. 
Base of mandibles covered with depressed silvery pubescence, 
the middle rufous; palpi black, thickly covered with white 
hair. Median segment closely transversely striated ; the 
furrow on apex deep and with oblique sides. Metasternal 
process broad, its sides raised, the apex incised, the lateral 
lobes broadly rounded. Abdominal segments broadly banded 
with silvery pile ; the pygidium thickly covered with silvery, 
inclining to golden, pubescence ; the hypopygium punctured, 
strongly at the apex. , 


ae! i Cee — 


Species of Sphegide from the Khasia [Mills. 225 


Notogonia aciculata, sp. n. 


Black ; covered with a silvery pile; mandibles dark piceous 
towards the apex ; palpi dark testaceous and thickly covered 
with white pubescence. The wings from the transverse basal 
nervure distinctly fuscous-violaceous, behind it hyaline. 
Abdominal segments banded with silvery pubescence ; the 
pygidium closely punctured and thickly covered with pale 
pubescence ; the basal ventral segment strongly obliquely 
striated. 9?. 

Length 9 mm. 

Front and vertex alutaceous ; ocellus longer than broad, 
rounded, and having a longish narrow pedicle in front ; frontal 
furrow deep and obliquely widened above ; the depression on 
vertex shallow, indistinct. Pro- and mesonotum coarsely 
aciculated, the base of metanotum closely transversely 
striated ; a narrow keel down the middle; on the sides of 
the apical slope are oblique, clearly separated striz ; in the 
centre of the apex is a fl-shaped area indistinctly keeled in 
the middle. Propleure aciculated. Mesopleure distinctly 
and closely punctured; the metapleurz strongly obliquely 
striated on the basal half, the apical aciculated strongly and 
obscurely striated. Apical lobes of sternal process rounded ; 
the middle furrow is narrow. Second cubital cellule not 
much more than half the length of the third; the first 
transverse cubital nervure curved, the second recurrent is 
received distinctly behind the middle of the cellule, the 
two are separated by about the length of the front of 
second cubital cellule. 


Notogonia khasiana, sp. n. 


Length 10 mm. 92. 

Agrees with N. aciculata, but is stouter, the wings not 
so distinctly hyaline at the base, the second cubital cellule 
longer compared with the third, the apical slope of the median 
segment is not so distinctly striated, the metapleure are 
only indistinctly striated at the base and apex, and the upper 
half of the first transverse cubital nervure has a straighter 
more oblique slope. 

Ocellus longer than broad, triangularly produced in front ; 
the lower part of the front, face, and clypeus thickly covered 
with silvery pubescence. Mandibles obscure brownish in 
the middle. Palpi black, thickly covered with white pubes- 
cence. Mesonotum closely minutely punctured. Median 
segment with the basal two thirds finely transversely striated 
and furrowed down the centre ; the sides of apex obscurely 


226 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


irregularly striated; on the sides of apex are four oblique 
keels. Pleurz aciculated ; the base and apex of the meta- 
pleuree with a few oblique keels. Sternum thickly covered 
with silvery pubescence; the process bluntly triangular on 
the sides at the apex; the central part has the basal half 
distinctly dilated. Wings fuscous-violaceous ; the second 
cubital cellule is, if anything, shorter than the first ; the 
first transverse cubital nervure is obliquely bent from shortly 
below the middle; the second recurrent nervure received 
shortly beyond the middle of the cellule; the two nervures 
are separated by the length of the top of the second cubital 
cellule. Legs and abdomen pruinose; the pubescence on 
the pygidium bright fulvous ; the leg-spines blackish. 


Notogonia vivar, sp. 0. 


Black; the body and legs covered with silvery pubescence, 
the leg-spines black ; wings hyaline, with a slight but distinct 
yellowish tint, the apex smoky; the costa, stigma, and 
nervures testaceous, the apical nervures darker; the second 
cubital cellule in front half the length of the third; the 
recurrent nervures received behind the middle and separated 
by slightly less than the length of the second cubital cellule 
in front. Pile on pygidium silvery, with a slight golden 
tint ; the hypopygium closely and distinctly punctured. ¢. 

Length 12 mm. 

Front and vertex alutaceous; the ocellus rounded behind, 
in front produced into a process as long as itself, the furrow 
below it deep. Mesonotum alutaceous, the pile with a 
yellowish tint ; propleurz stoutly irregularly striated in the 
middle. Median segment alutaceous, the apical slope 
transversely striated, the striz on the lower part finer than 
on the upper. Metapleure finely and closely obliquely 
striated. 

This species has the yellowish-hyaline tinted wings of 
N. tristis and N. jaculatriz: the former may readily be 
known by the reticulated median segment; the latter is a 
larger and stouter insect, has the second cubital cellule on 
the top longer compared with the third, the tibial spines are 
shorter and rufous, not black, the pubescence on the front 
longer and denser, and the ocellus has only a short pro- 
jection in front. 


Notogonia tegularis, sp. n. 


Black ; the cheeks, face, and clypeus thickly covered with 
silvery pile; the front and vertex with fuscous hair; thorax 


Species of Sphegidee from the Khasta [Tills. 227 


thickly covered with whitish pubescence, the pleure with a 
silvery pile. Legs densely covered with silvery pile; the 
tibial and tarsal spines, claws, and base of spurs rufous. 
Wings fuscous-violaceous, the nervures fuscous ; the second 
and third cubital cellules equal in length in front; the 
second recurrent nervure received in the middle. Abdomen 
closely punctured and covered with pale pubescence; the 
apices of the second and third segments smooth, depressed ; 
the penultimate segment and the pygidium thickly covered 
with fuscous pubescence, as is also the ventral surface. 
Tegulz pale testaceous. 2. 

Length 13 mm. 

Front strongly punctured above, distinctly furrowed down 
the middle, the lower part smooth and shining, widely 
furrowed, the furrow divided in two by a raised point ; the 
lower part of vertex sparsely punctured, the upper smooth ; 
the lateral depressions on front wide, the upper transverse 
one the deepest. Clypeus closely punctured (except at 
apex), its base thickly covered with fuscous pubescence. 
Mesonotum and scutellum closely punctured. Metanotum 
closely transversely striated, the striz more widely separated 
at the base, where there is a small somewhat triangular keel. 
Metasternal process closely punctured, its base depressed ; 
the two apical lobes rounded. 


Notogonia testaceicornis, sp. u. 


Black; the antennal scape rufous below, the flagellum 
rufo-testaceous, darker at the base ; wings fusco-hyaline, the 
nervures testaceous, the second cubital cellule in front half 
the length of the third. Legs thickly covered with white 
pubescence ; the tarsal spines and claws rufous. <¢. 

Length 14 mm. 

Comes near to N. tegularis; may be known from it by the 
second cubital cellule not being as long as the third. 

Face, cheeks, and clypeus thickly covered with silvery, the 
vertex with fuscous, pubescence. Vertex almost impunctate ; 
the ocellar region faintly behind, strongly and closely in 
front, punctured, broadly depressed, furrowed before the 
ocelli. Front smooth and shining above, the furrow smooth 
and shining, the upper part the larger. Clypeus (except at 
apex) closely punctured, the apex rounded. Mandibles 
rufous before the middle, the base punctured, thickly 
covered with white hair. Palpi dark testaceous. Meso- 
notum closely punctured, thickly covered with fuscous 
pubescence ; the scutellum more shining, less closely punc- 


228 On new Species of Sphegide. 


tured ; postscutellum much more finely and closely punc- 
tured. Median segment closely and finely transversely 
striated and thickly covered with white pubescence. Meta- 
pleurz (except at the base) finely punctured. Metasternal 
process raised in the middle behind and keeled in the centre 
of the raised part; the apical lobes rounded. Abdomen 
finely punctured, the apices of the basal four segments 
depressed ; the middle and apical segments thickly covered 
with silvery pubescence; pygidium thickly covered with 
silvery pile; the penultimate segment bears long fulvous 
hair. Ventral surface thickly covered with silvery pubes- 
cence ; the apical also with fuscous hair. 


Nologonia strenua, sp. n. 


Black, covered with silvery pubescence; pro- and meso- 
thorax closely and distinctly aciculated, the clypeus smooth ; 
front and vertex alutaceous, almost punctured; the lower 
furrow wide and deep. Basal part of median segment 
closely, distinctly, transversely striated, almost reticulated ; 
the apex finely, but not very closely, transversely striated ; 
the furrow deep, narrowed in the middle. Metapleure 
finely, uniformly, and closely obliquely striated. Sternal 
process depressed in the middle at the base, the apical 
incision long, not quite reaching backwards to the middle, 
the apical lobes rounded. Abdominal segments banded with 
silvery pubescence; the pubescence on pygidium white. 
Legs densely pruinose; the spines black. Wings fuscous- 
violaceous, the stigma and nervures black; the second 
cubital cellule in front about two thirds of the length of the 
third; the first transverse cubital nervure roundly curved 
and clearly bullated below the middle; the recurrent nervures 
are received shortly behind the middle and separated by 
about half the length of the second cubital cellule; the 
apical abscissa of radius is long, straight, and oblique. ?. 

Length 12 mm. 

Ocellus longer than broad, its apex sharply pointed. 
Clypeus smooth and shining. Mandibles piceous before the 
apex. 


Notoyonia sulcifrons, sp. n. 


Black, densely covered with silvery pubescence. Man- 
dibles ferruginous, the base black, covered with white hair ; 
palpi fuscous black, covered with white pubescence. Legs 
thickly covered with silvery pubescence, that on the femora 


Bibliographical Notices, 229 


long; the tarsal spines and calcaria rufous. Wings uni- 
formly fuscous-violaceous, the nervures black. Abdomen 
thickly pruinose; the basal three segments broadly de- 
pressed at the apex, the apical two thickly covered with ful- 
vous pubescence, the ventral surface thickly with pubescence, 
which is pale on the basal, darker on the apical, segments. @. 

Length 13 mm. 

Front and ocellar region distinctly punctured ; there is a 
broad deep furrow below the ocellus. Face and clypeus 
thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; the apex of clypeus 
rounded, smooth, bare, and shining. The white hair on the 
thorax is thicker and longer on the pleure, and, to a less 
extent, on the apex of metanotum. Mesonotum and scu- 
tellum punctured all over, but not closely or strongly ; the 
postscutellum is more weakly punctured. Metanotum 
finely, closely, transversely striated. The lower part of the 
pro- and mesopleure striated at the apex. Sternal process 
has a broad keel down the middle, the apical lobes rounded. 
Second cubital cellule in front one third of the length of the 
third ; the first recurrent nervure is received the length of 
the top of the second cubital cellule from the base, the 
second shortly behind the middle of the cellule. 


[To be continued. ] 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
Trouessart’s ‘ Catalogue of Mammals,’ 


Catalogus Mammalium, tam Viventium quam Fossilium. By E. 1. 
TRovessaRt. Quinquennale Supplementum: Pt. 2. Rodentia. 
Berlin, 1904. Pp. 289-546. Price 12s. 

Stnce the general remarks which appeared in our notice of the first 

part of the reissue of this valuable Catalogue apply also to the one 

before us, our comments on the latter may be relatively brief. It 
is highly satisfactory to find that Dr. Trouessart is making such 
good progress with his arduous task, this fasciculus bringing the 
work down to the end of the Rodents. Of course there are faults 
in this part, as in its predecessor, for no human being could possibly 
carry out such a piece of work without making some errors; but 
such mistakes as haye come under our notice are trivial, and in no 
wise detract from the value of the Catalogue or from the credit due 
to the indefatigable author for carrying out his task so thoroughly. 

The value of this Catalogue to practical workers is simply in- 

expressible. 

Comparing the present classification of the Rodentia with that 
adopted a dozen years ago, the most notable changes (apart from 
those in the nomenclature and the number of generic and subgeneric 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser.7. Vol. xv. 16 


230 Bibliographical Notices. 


divisions of some of the existing groups) are to be found among the 
extinct forms. We notice, for example, the inclusion in the order 
of a number of Eocene genera, such as Plesiadapis, Indrodon, 
and Microsyops, which were originally regarded as lemuroids or 
insectivores, but are now considered by American paleontologists to 
represent a primitive group of rodents—the Protoglires. Whether 
this identification is well founded remains to be seen. Another 
important and apparently well-justified change is the transference 
of the Oligocene and Miocene 7’rechomys, Theridomys, and their allies 
from the neighbourhood of the Octodontidee to a position in the 
Sciuromorpha between the Anomaluridz and the Sciuride. The 
extinct Maltese Leithia, together with Pseudosciurus and Sciuroides, 
is now definitely placed in the Anomaluride, although the right of the 
latter to retain its position in the Sciuromorpha is only provisionally 
admitted. 

In accordance with advanced modern views, we find the old 
genus Sciurus split up into a number of separate generic groups; 
and we note many other changes in nomenclature, such as the 
substitution of Jaculide for Dipodidee, thus showing that the author 
is keeping his work well abreast of the latest innovations. Why, 
however, Myoxidz is retained in place of Gliride is not easy to 
understand ; and the substitution of the name Agoutide for 
Dasyproctide, on account of the replacement of the generic term 
Celogenys by Agouti, seems altogether uncalled for, seeing that 
Dasyprocta still remains as the generic title for the agutis. The 
number of new specific names proposed in this fasciculus appears 
to be very small. Bi, ke. 


Museum Handbooks. 
The Manchester Museum, Owens College. 1904. 


Unper the direction of Dr. W. E. Hoyle, the Director, papers 
relating to the Manchester Museum and its contents are from 
time to time issued to the public. For the most part these are 
gathered from various serial journals, consequently their re-issue 
in the present form will be welcomed. 

Three of these are now before us, of which two deal with 
matters paleontological and one with recent Cephalopods. 

Mr. H. Bolton’s ‘Paleontology of the Lancashire Coal-Measures ’ 
provides a useful summary of this subject, especially helpful to 
those working in the museum, where the specimens described are 
deposited. 

Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins has prepared the second of these palaeon- 
tological pamphlets, ‘On the Discovery of Hlephas antiquus at 
Blackpool.’ He takes for his text the finding of a tooth of this 
species, which he, with the aid of his wife and son, dug up by the 
aid of umbrellas! Having described the tooth he passes on to 
discuss the question, “ How did the tooth ..... come to be 
embedded in the Lower Boulder-Clay?” In answering this question 
the author gives some interesting and valuable information on the 
deposition of the boulder-clay and of other fossil Mammalia found in 
association with this Elephant. 


Miscellaneous. 3 | 


Dr. Hoyle’s ‘ Diagnostic Key to the Genera of Recent Dibran- 
chiate Cephalopoda’ is necessarily extremely technical, but it will, 
without question, prove invaluable to those desiring to identify 
adults of this group. 

We venture to think the prices charged for the papers by Dr. Hoyle 
(one shilling and sixpence) and Mr. Bolton (one shilling) a little 
high, at least when compared with the wonderful shillingsworth 
provided by the authorities of the Natural History Museum at 
S. Kensington. But probably the authorities of the Manchester 
Museum cannot afford to publish these handbooks at a loss, or 
at least with but an infinitesimal profit ! 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


On a Marine Pseudoscorpion from the Isle of Man. By A. D. Iums, 
B.Sc. (Lond.), Zoological Laboratory, University of Birmingham. 


Axsour the shores of Port Erin Bay, during August 1904 *, I came 
across a species of pseudoscorpion which frequented the rocks about 
halfway between the limits of high and low tides. The fact of this 
being so unusual a habitat for an animal belonging to this order 
led me to make a careful search for it, but it resulted, however, in 
my obtaining only five individuals. They were found to agree in 
all respects with Obistum maritumum, Leach, and I am indebted to 
the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, F.R.S., for confirming my identifi- 
cation of that species. 

Four of the specimens were found deep in the crannies and 
fissures with which the slaty rocks of the locality abound, while the 
fifth example was met with in the act of crawling over the rocks 
and weed. The first specimen was obtained while searching for 
the eggs of the marine Collembolan Anurida maritima. To dis- 
cover the latter it is necessary to be provided with a stout hammer 
and chisel in order to split open the fissures in the depths of which 
they are deposited. In the recesses of these fissures there are to be 
found, in addition to the pseudoscorpion, adults of Anurida mari- 
tama, larve, pup, and imagines of the Coleopteron Micralymma 
brevipenne, and numerous individuals belonging to a species of an 
Acarus, which I have not yet been able to determine. Itis probable 
that the Obisium preys upon the Collembola and most likely upon 
the Acari also. When alarmed or irritated, it was observed to run 
about actively in both a forward and backward direction with out- 
stretched pedipalps, but it was not seen to-run sideways, as is known 
to be the case with some pseudoscorpions. 

The nature of the habitat of Obisiwm and of the other Arthropods 
associated with it is such that they have to endure submersion 
twice every twenty-four hours. Unlike Anurida (or, according to 
Laboulbéne, Micralymma), Obisium has no efficient hairy covering 


* While occupy ing the table rented by Birmingham Uniy ersity at the 
Biological Station, Port Erin. 


932 Miscellaneous. 


which serves to retain a coat of air for use during respiration under 
water, and it therefore probably has to rely upon the store of air 
contained within its tracheal system. Plateau * has pointed out 
that 46 genera and 80 species of tracheate Arthropods are known 
to inhabit the sea-shore and to be subjected to submersion by the 
water. In the greater number of these, he remarks, the power of 
living under such conditions is not due to their possessing any 
special mechanisms to enable them to do so, but to the general 
property those animals have of being able to resist asphyxiation for 
a prolonged period. 

When in the living condition, Obisium maritimum is easily recog- 
nized by the olive-greenish colour of the body contrasted with the 
bright red-brown of the pedipalps. The species was described by 
Leach f as follows :-— 

** @. pedibus secundis articulo 2 cylindraceo, 3 ovato ; basi attenuato 

4 ovato; digitis brevibus subcurvatis. 

“Long. corp. 2-21 lin. 

‘Habitat in Anglia occidentali inter rupes ad littora maris. Com- 
municavit Dom. C. Prideaux. 

‘Color livido-fuscus, pedibus 4 anticis pallide ferrugineis; 8 
posticis pallidis. 

“Thorax antice nonnunquam ferrugineus.” 

It has been redescribed and excellently figured by Pickard- 
Cambridge ¢ ; his description is given below :— 

‘** Length slightly over one line. 

* Oephalothorae and abdomen dark brown tinged with olive, and 
very glossy ; palpi and falces red-brown ; legs pale yellow-brownish 
tinged with olive. Cephalothorax slightly longer than broad, sides 
parallel, truncated in front in an oblique line on either side from 
the centre, where there is a slight but distinct shallow depression, 
Eyes rather large, very nearly of equal size; those of each pair are 
separated from the fore-margin and from each other by a diameter’s 
interval. The hairs with which this species is furnished are long, 
fine, and simple. The palpi are long and strong; the bulb of the 
pincers is of a cylindrical-oval form; the claws are strong and no 
more than (if even quite as much as) equal to the bulb in length 
and very slightly curved.” 

Pickard-Cambridge remarks that he has received specimens from 
the Devonshire coast, where it was found under stones below high- 
water mark ; and from Jersey, where it occurs in a similar situation. 
He further adds that it does not appear to be known on the 
Continent of Europe. 

The present communication constitutes but the second recorded 
instance of the occurrence of this species in the British Isles since 


the time of Leach. 


* Journ. de l’Anat. et Phys. xxvi. 1890, pp. 286-269 
+ Zool. Miscell. iii. 1817, p. 52, pl. 141. ‘fic. L 
{ Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. & Antiq. Field ‘Club, xiii. 1892, pp. 215-216, 


pl. B. fig. 8. 


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THE ANNALS 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
[SEVENTH SERIES.] 


No. 87. MARCH 1905. 


XX VIT.—Natural History Notes from the R.I.M.S. ‘ Investi- 
gator, Capt. T. H. Heming, R.N. (retired), commanding.— 
Series III., No. 6. An Account of the new and some of the 
rarer Decapod Crustacea obtained during the Surveying 
Seasons 1901-1904. By A. C. MacGitcnurist, M.A., 
M.B., Ch.B., Capt. I.M.S., Surgeon-Naturalist to the 
Survey. 


Dvurine the season 1901-1902 the R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator’ 
was engaged in surveying parts of the Persian Gulf. Here 
most of the trawling and dredging operations were in compa- 
ratively shallow water, and a goodly collection of Brachyura 
was obtained. During the following two seasons the 
Tenasserim and Arakan coasts were being surveyed, and the 
collections were obtained mostly by deep-sea trawling en 
route between Bombay and the survey-ground on the out- 
ward and homeward journeys. 

Besides a short account of some of the rarer species and 
varieties obtained, three new species of Macrura, two new 
species of Anomura, together with one new genus and five 
new species of Brachyura are here described. 


MACRURA. 
Fam. Peneide. 
Peneus, Fabr. 
Peneus fissurus, Spence Bate. 
Peneus fissurus, Spence Bate, ‘ Challenger,’ vol. xxiv. pt. i. 1888, p. 263. 
This species is new to the Indianfauna. This year, strange 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 17 


234 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


to say, they were caught in abundance on two occasions in 
the Gulf of Martaban, 46 and 61 fathoms. In one haul 
fifteen males and seven females were obtained. 

‘They agree in all details with Spence Bate’s description. 
In the Indian variety the rostrum is long, horizontal, slightly 
turned up at the tip, and armed dorsally with 6 (sometimes 5) 
teeth; it is half (or more) the length of the carapace, longer 
in the female, where it is 14-2 mm. more than half the 
length of the carapace, and is about twice the length of the 
eye. 

" The antennules of the female are shorter and more slender 
(both peduncles and flagella) than those of the male, and in 
consequence the antennal scale, which in the male is shorter 
than the antennular peduncle, is in the female considerably 
longer than the peduncle. 

The antenna is about 1} times the length of the body 
(excluding the rostrum). 

Two typical specimens of female and male give the 
following measurements :— 


Female. Male. 


mm. mm. 

Length cf body, excluding rostrum .... 68 73 
- WOSOLUTye1g tient ic saere et ees 12 12 
fs UNO O cree ree o 000 0.5.6 Oi $9 106 
7 smaller antennular flagellum. 63 183 
= larger sp * a eelel 24 
4 Ne elt oe see ep n CuPc ne 19 21 


On analysis and comparison of about two dozen specimens 
the following sexual differences are apparent :— 

Female.—Kostrum about twice the length of the eye and 
13-24 mm. longer than half the length of the carapace: 
antennular peduncle considerably shorter than the antennal 
scale; its larger flagellum very slightly longer than half the 
length of the carapace, and its smaller flagellum about two 
thirds the length of the larger. 

Male.—Rostrum seldom twice the length of the eye and 
about half the length of the carapace: antennular peduncle 
projects beyond the antennal scale; its smal/er flagellum is 
very little shorter than the carapace, and the larger flagellum 
is a third as large again as the smaller. 

Roughly speaking, the smaller flagellum of an adult male 
is about three times the length of that of a female. The 
small young male resembles the female as regards the relative 
lengths of antennal scale and antennular peduncle and 
flagella. 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 935 


The sixth abdominal segment is not twice the length of 
the fifth. Exopodites are not present on any of the legs. 
Epipodites are absent from the external maxillipeds as well 
as from the last three pairs of legs. There are no pleuro- 
branchiz on the last two thoracic segments. 


Benruesicymvs, Spence Bate. 
Benthesicymus armatus, sp. n. 


In the general form, cut, and outline of rostrum and 
carapace this species resembles B. brasiliensis (Sp. Bate), 
but in the former there is a distinct hepatic spine as in 
B. moraius (S. I. Smith, Alb. Crust. 1886, p. 90). 

With B. moratus this species is very closely allied. They 
differ only in the following points :—B. moratus has a sharp 
tooth posteriorly on the carina of the dorsum of the third, 
fourth, and fifth abdominal segments; its third abdominal 
segment is carinated ; its sixth abdominal segment is more 
than twice as long as high; its antennal scale is relatively 
narrower, and the rostrum—judging from the description— 
is not raised so much at the base as in this species. 

The rostrum is long, reaching the tips of the eyes, and is 
dorsally armed with two small teeth. Between the crest of 
the rostrum and the cervical groove the median carina is 
very prominent; behind this it is distinct, though less 
prominent, to very nearly the posterior margin of the carapace. 
The post-antennular angular projection of the carapace ends 
acutely anteriorly, and from this lobe a crest passes back- 
wards in the direction of the hepatic spine. The branchio- 
stegal spine, which is placed well back on the margin of the 
antero-lateral sinus, is larger than the hepatic spine and is 
well buttressed posteriorly. ‘The carapace is deep, as in 
B. brasiliensis. 

The eyes are in a bad state of preservation ; they seem to 
be deficient in pigment. 

The antennular peduncles reach about halfway along the 
antennal scales. The antennal scales are broad, being only 
about 24 times as long as broad. 

The last jot of the endopodite of the first maxilliped 
is 4-1 as long as the penultimate joint, and the distal 
extremity of the exopodite suddenly ends in a flagellum. 
The second and third maxillipeds agree in all details with 
the description and plates of B. moratus (loc. cit.). 

The branchial formula is typical of Benthesicymus (Alcock, 
Desc. Cat. Ind. Deep-sea Crust. 1901, p. 43). Rudimentary 


exopodites are present on all the legs. 
1 fg 


236 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


A small carina begins on the posterior two thirds of the 
fourth abdominal segment, and is continued backwards ; on 
the sixth segment it is a rigid well-marked carina which 
terminates abruptly at the posterior margin. There is no 
tooth or spine on any of these segments. The third abdo- 
minal segment has neither carina nor spine. The sixth 
abdominal segment is barely twice as long as high. The 
telson has had its tip broken off. 

Only one specimen (a female) has been obtained—trawled 
at Sta. 287, Arabian Sea, 1506 fathoms—and it gives the 
following measurements :— 


mm. 
Lenpth of Postrant o:. «.si1'y...ahcs sipta eCopt ois 105 
. carapace with rostrum ............ 61:6 
& eritennal scale swt te Some k eee 3 
Breadth OL (aye SGe beh SORES Ree ee 12°3 
Length of sixth abdominal sepment ..2....:.. 25 
ee endopodite of tail- epee gerne? 23°5 
Fd exopodite Apt Bays aie sree’ 52:5 


Length from tip of rostrum to tip ef telson (about) 157 


This species is most closely connected with B. moratus, 
but can be distinguished from it by the points of difference 
already noted. From B. Tanneri and B, brasiliensis it can 
be distinguished by the presence of an hepatic spine and the 
absence of teeth on the carine of the abdominal segments. 
In B. Bartletti there is a long spine on the dorsum of the 
fifth abdominal segment. In B. altus the posterior margin 
of the sixth abdominal segment is elevated to form a trans- 
verse ridge. 

Will be figured in an early issue of the “ Illustrations of 
the Zoology of R.1.M.S. ‘ Investigator,’ ” 


Gpnnapas, Spence Bate. 


Gennadas carinatus (?), 8. I. Smith. 


Benthesicymus carinatus, Smith, Alb. Crust. in Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. 
1882, p. 896; Alcock and Anderson, J. A. 8. B. pt. ii. vol. 1xiii. 
1894, p. 147; Alcock, Desc. Cat. Ind. Deep-sea Crust. 1901, p. 46. 


At Sta. 306, Arabian Sea, 930 fathoms, a large specimen 
(apparently the female of this species) was trawled. Previous 
to this there was only one specimen (a male, caught in the 
same locality, near the Laccadives, 902 fathoms) in the 
Indian Museum. 


The following are the measurements of this female :— 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 237 


mm. 
Length of nostram: ... 04's. 8.90.68 b Hee. 13 
” EMT ONC re Orage CMA ODDO OOM ORO LAD OOOE 56 
. EAT (arta ie are oe a ee ene 88 
9 anternnalsealeg ex cphctaele tessa cslere Ae 30:5 
Breadth of ,, sa Oh seelsthanetace asd Pare Stde LS 
Length of sixth abdominal segment............ 22 
c¢ BELO «cial o Rebs dcctst ak BAS Bod alain ae. /at = 24°4 
3; INNGl UTOPOGinas 6 aa wesriess aud See oe 20s 26 
Owe Neg Beles bashaeec (oo beaker 29 


Tt agrees in all details with descriptions of this species, 
except as regards the relative lengths of sixth abdominal 
segment, telson, and endopodites of tail-fan. The sixth 
abdominal segment is slightly shorter than the telson, and 
the telson is not quite so long as the endopodite of the tail- 
fan. 

A sternal tubercle is present in the female between the 
bases of the first pair of abdominal appendages. The crest- 
like dorsal carina on the third abdominal segment occurs 
only on the posterior two thirds. 

The “thelycum ” is peculiar. Between the bases of the 
fourth pair of legs a prominent ceutral papilla stands. 
Towards this papilla a hairy process passes inwards and 
backwards from the base of each of the third pair of legs, 
and from the base of each of the fourth pair of legs a tongue- 
shaped process projects inwards and backwards posterior to 
the papilla. The papilla thus stands in the centre between 
the tips of these four processes. 


Fam. Pandalide. 
Herrrocarpus, A. M.-Edwards. 


Heterocarpus longirostris, sp. 0. 

At Sta. 310, Bay of Bengal, 960 fathoms, two males of 
this species were trawled. Of known species they are most 
closely allied to H. levigatus, {rom which they differ only in 
the following characters :— 

The rostrum is straighter and much longer (being about 
1? times the length of the carapace) and is multiserrate 
dorsally, the teeth being es the orbital spine is much 
larger, it is as large and projects quite as far as the branchio- 
stegal spine; the blunt carina of the third abdominal somite 
is posteriorly acutely produced to a bluntish point, and is 
not merely strongly convex ; the sharp antennular scale is 
shorter, it falls well short of the extremity of the second 


238 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


joint of the autennular peduncle; the antennal scale is 
longer and narrower; it is about 3 length of the carapace, 
and its greatest breadth is very little more than 4 its length. 


mm 

Length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson .... 1445 
Length of rostrum. ...... 200. sees see ee eens 54 
s CATAPACS 22% 4% 5 556 shee eee pei 51 

3 fifth abdominal somite ............ 58 
By sixth a od...) ve. niente 9 
Belson Gis sass une cee ee eee 18 


H. orye (A. M.-Edwards) differs from this species in 
having spines on the third, fourth, and fifth abdominal 
segments and antennular flagella shorter than rostrum. In 
H. carinatus (S.1. Smith) the rostrum is shorter; antennular 
flagella are shorter than rostrum; third and fourth abdo- 
minal terga are produced posteriorly as spines. 

This species has been figured, and will appear in “ Illus- 
trations of the Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator,’ ” Crust. 
pt. xi., which is now being issued. 


Fam. Glyphocrangonide. 
GryrnHocrancon, A. M.-Edwards. 


Glyphocrangon longirostris (?), Smith. 
Glyphocrangon longirostris, Smith, ‘ Albatross,’ Dec. Crust. 1886, p. 51. 


Of this species, which is new to the Indian fauna, two 
specimens (male and female) were trawled at Sta. 326, off 
the Arakan coast, Bay of Bengal, 1100 fathoms. They are 
smaller than the specimens described by Smith, but agree 
with descriptions of this species except as regards the eyes. 
In the Indian specimens the eyes are decidedly smaller 
(length of carapace, including rostrum, about 83 times 
the greatest diameter of the eyes) and are not of a dark 
purplish brown, but of a washed-out purple or a tint 
resembling blackberry much diluted with cream. 


Male. Female. 


mm. mm 
Length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson.. 64 73 
Tieng th Of TOSI 2 anes oh pls ede ots 8S 5.08 148 17 
S: carapace, excluding rostrum .... 14 LZ, 
Greatest diameter of eye .....-...eeeeee a4 4 
Length of antennal scale ...,...........3 65 76 
Greatest breadth of antennal scale ........ 39 4-4 
Length of telson ............ eon es ed oy he 12:2 14:2 
- inner lamella of uropod ........ 9 10-4 
outer - os Mey Teenie 85 9°5 


” 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 239 


The rostrum narrows from the antero-lateral teeth forwards ; 
the antero-lateral teeth are large and prominent. The 
anterior part of the third carina is represented by 3 or 4 
very small discrete tubercles on the hepatic area. There are 
a few scattered small low tubercles on the dorsum of the 
carapace between the carine. The large tubercles repre- 
senting the first and second carinz and the broad flat low 
tubercles of the abdomen have, like the other carine of the 
carapace, an eroded worm-eaten appearauce. A fine velvety 
pile covers the carapace and rostrum. 

There are only nine branchie on either side—arthro- 
branchiz (5) on ninth to thirteenth somites, and pleuro- 
branchiz (4) on eleventh to fourteenth—each series diminishing 
in size from behind forwards. From its reduced number of 
branchize, its relatively small eyes, which are somewhat 
deficient in pigment, and its dorsal and subdorsal carinz of 
the carapace being broken up into lines of tubercles, this 
Indian species would come under Alcock’s subgenus Plasto- 
aie dat (Alcock, Desc. Cat. Ind. Deep-sea Crust. 1901, 
pp. 125 & 133). 

Of Indian species already known it is most nearly related 
to G. (Plastocrangon) cecescens, from which it differs in 
having larger eyes; rostrum longer, slender throughout, 
acute, and with only two pairs of teeth; a less granular 
surface; and only one tooth on the anterior part of the fourth 
carina. G. sicaria (Faxon) differs from this species in 
having the orbital spies smaller and less deflected outwards 
and the anterior part of the fourth carina divided by a 
notch into two prominences, of which the posterior is 
the more salient. In G. nobilis (A. M.-Edwards) the 
rostrum is relatively shorter and its median dorsal keel 
does not run so far back ; the 3 or 4 tubercles representing 
the anterior part of the second (subdorsal) carina are all 
produced to spinous points, and not merely the foremost of 
them; the tubercles on the abdomen are more numerous 
and discrete ; the eyes have more pigment. 


Fam. Axiide. 
Caxastacus, Faxon. 


Calastacus longispinis, McArdle. 


Calastacus longumtas, Me Ardle, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. viii. 
Dec. 1901, p. 522; Illus. Zool. Invest., Crust. pl. lvii. figs. 2, 2 a. 


This species was described by McArdle from a single 
specimen (female) dredged in the Arabian Sea at Sta. 279 


240 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


in 300 fathoms. This season another female—a more com- 
plete and larger specimen (length of carapace and rostrum 
16°6 mm., of abdomen 27 mm.)—was trawled at Sta. 297 in 
the Gulf of Oman, 700-689 fathoms. 

The median carina running backwards from the rostrum 
carries a large procurved acute spine in the anterior part of 
the gastric region. There is some variation in the number 
of spines on the rostrum and gastric region of the carapace. 
The margin of the rostrum has 4 or 5 spinelets i in front of a 
basal spine on either side in its free portion, and on the 
continuation backwards of the rostral margin on each side 
the spines vary from 2 to 4 and may display a want of 
symmetry in number and position on the two sides of the 
Same specimen. ‘The spines lying between these and the 
median carina similarly vary from 2 to 3 in number. 

The chelipeds were wanting in McArdle’s specimen. In 
this specimen the larger is 26 mm. long, the hand alone 
measuring 94 mm. The ischium, merus (except distal part), 
and palm are much compressed. The lower borders of 
ischium, merus, and hand, and the upper borders of merus 
and carpus (distal parts), palm, and finger are spinose. 
These spmes are best developed on the merus; elsewhere 
(except at distal end of lower border of ischium) they are 
mere spmules. There is a small spine on the upper border 
of ischium near its distal end. The fingers are about as long 
as the palm and their prehensile edges are finely serrulate, 
the teeth pointing towards the tips of the fingers; there is no 
hiatus left on closure. The smaller cheliped is 17 mm. long; 
the inferior borders of ischium and merus are spinose; the 
fingers are very minutely and regularly serrulate. 

The second pair of ambulatory legs are 253 mm. long ; 
the third pair are very slightly shorter ; the fourth pair 
resemble the second and third pairs, but are considerably 
shorter and more slender. 

The telson has a fair-sized terminal spine with an upeurved 
tip. 


Iconaxtopsis, Alcock. 
Iconaxiopsis spinigera, sp. 0. 


Tn size this species is intermediate between JI. laccadivensis 
and J. andamanensis. The length of the rostrum is also inter- 
mediate ; it usually reaches to about the middle of the second 
joint of the antennular peduncle, but shows considerable 
variation in length, sometimes falling short of the end of 


the basal joint, sometimes reaching the distal end of the 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 241 


second joint of the peduncle. The edges of the rostrum are 
microscopically serrulate, as in J. laccadivensis. A median 
dorsal carina passes back from the rostrum for a short 
distance on the gastric region. On the average the rostrum 
is longer in the female. Little reliance can be placed on the 
length of the rostrum in determining this species. 

The abdomen is longer than the carapace; the pleura of 
the second, third, and fourth abdominal segments are 
vertically produced and pointed. The carapace with the 
rostrum is about as long as the first five abdominal segments 
combined. The projecting pleura are very pliable, yet retain 
their smooth surface. In the female the appendages of the 
first abdominal segment are uniramous, slender and long, 
about 2 the length of those of the second segment ; in the 
male they appear to be wanting. They also seem to be 
wanting in the male of J. daccadivensis, but are present and 
well developed in the male of J. andamanensis. The telson 
has a small median posterior spine. 

The eye-stalks are very short and the eyes have no pig- 
ment. All that is visible of the eyes is a fair-sized hemi- 
spherical white lobule on either side of the base of the 
rostrum. 

The upper antennular flagellum is about as long as the 
carapace (without the rostrum) measured in the mid-dorsal 
line, is slightly longer than the lower or inner flagellum and 
is two or more times its thickuess. 

Both “stylocerite” and ‘‘ scaphocerite” are large; the 
former is the longer and almost reaches the end of the 
antennal peduncle. 

The exopodite of the second maxilliped is much longer 
than the endopodite. The branchiz agree with the typical 
formula of Jconaxiopsis as given by Alcock (Desc. Cat. Ind. 
Deep-sea Crust., Macr. 1901, p. 194), except that I was 
unable to find any rudimentary podobranch or arthrobranch 
on the second maxilliped; they differ widely from the 
formula of Jconarius (Spence Bate). 

The chelipeds are massive, chelate, and subequal, the left 
(rarely the right) being the larger in both sexes. Both 
chelipeds are about the same length and are approximately 
as long as the abdomen; more than half this length is made 
up by the hand. The more massive cheliped has a longer, 
deeper, and more inflated palm than the other. In the 
former the palm is longer than the fingers, in the latter the 
fingers are longer than the palm. ‘The upper border of the 
palm carries a row of (usually about 8) forwardly directed 
and prominent spines, which increase in size from behind 


242 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


forwards and are easily visible to the naked eye. The palm, 
and especially the fingers, have numerous long hairs. On 
the upper margin of the free finger there is generally a 
spinule, best dev eloped on the larger hand and in the male. 
A ridge, which is spinulose, runs along the outer margin of 
the broad lower border of the palm and fixed finger. ‘The 
stouter hand presents a hiatus when the fingers are closed ; 
into this space there projects from the basal end of the pre- 
hensile edge of the free finger a broad compressed tooth. 
The fixed ‘finger is finely serr rated in its distal two thirds, on 
the far side of a fair-sized conical tooth. In the smaller 
hand there is no hiatus; the fingers are curved inwards and 
excavated on their inner surface; the prehensile edge of the 
fixed finger is finely serrated. At the base of the fixed 
finger, at the distal end of the outer surface of the palm, a 
conical spine, simple or multicuspid, projects forwards. 

In the female the larger hand is sometimes arrested in 
its development; for instance, in one specimen the large 
tooth on the free finger is in evidence, yet there is no hiatus, 
or, as in another specimen, not even this tooth is developed, 
and the larger hand exactly resembles the smaller in shape 
and form. 

The lower borders of the ischium and merus of the chelipeds 
are spinose, and 1-3 small low spinules are sometimes visible 
on the upper border of the merus at its distal end. 

The first to fourth pairs of ambulatory legs are slender ; 
the first pair are shorter than the second and third pairs, 
smooth and minutely chelate. ‘The second and third pairs 
are about equal in length; their propodites are compressed 
and have along their posterior borders a row of small tufts 
of sete, which at first sight appear like fine spinules. ‘The 
fourth pair of legs are about the same length as the first 
pair. The dactyli of the second, third, and fourth pairs of 
legs are short and subspathulate, and their distal edge is 
finely serrated, the anterior tooth being produced as a ‘long 
curved hook. 

The eggs are round, large (about 1°6 mm. in diameter), and 
few in number, about a dozen on the average. 

At Sta. 310, Bay of Bengal, 960 fathoms, about a dozen 
specimens were trawled; of these five were females, four of 
which were egg-laden. An average-sized specimen gave the 
following measurements :— 

mm, 


Length of carapace and rostrum .......+.+5e0 8 
as PNCOMMOMS. Mas ssf2at ciaints Mie y keene tae 15 
, PHGSEUN Os iets Ros Ap On ek ate ete eae 13 


ig anda vove., ACR Ce BC 90 sdhe ta <i eaONyn os meee a 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 243 


This species differs from J. laccadivensis in being of larger 
size, upper border of palm spinose in all its extent, fingers 
more setose, rostrum shorter, pleura of second to fourth 
abdominal segments more pointed, eyes without pigment, 
fixed finger in neither hand has two basal enlarged teeth 
separated by a notch. In JL. andamanensis the rostrum is 
shorter and its edges smooth, eyes longer and more slender, 
pleura of second to fourth abdominal segments are not 
vertically produced or pointed, upper border of palm is not 
spinose, carapace with rostrum measured in the mid-dorsal 
line is merely a little longer than the first four abdominal 
segments combined. 

This species will be figured in an early issue of “ Illustra- 
tions of the Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator.’ ” 


ANOMURA. 
Fam. Pylochelide. 


CuerrropLat“a, Spence Bate. 


Two specimens (male and female) of a new species of this 
genus were obtained at Sta. 327, off the Arakan coast, 
419 fathoms. Each was housed in the mud-lined cavity of 
a piece of water-logged bamboo. ‘They are closely allied to, 
but quite distinct from, C. cenobita (Spence Bate, Chall. 
Maer. Crust. pt. 1. 1888, p. 12). 

These specimens have been handed over to Major Alcock, 
Superintendent of the Indian Museum, by whom they will 
be described in his monograph on the Indian Paguridea, 
which will shortly be published. 

This new species will be figured in “ Illustrations of the 
Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator,’ ” 


Fam. Lithodide. 
Lituopgs, Latreille. 


Lithodes Agassizii, 8. I. Smith. 


Lithodes Ayassizi, 8. I. Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. x. 1882, p. 8, 
pl. i.; Henderson, Chall. Anom. p. 42. 


A large female of this species, measuring with outspread 
legs about 2 feet across, was taken at Sta. 301, northern 
part of the Arabian Sea, 1000 fathoms. 


244 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


mm. 
Length of carapace, excluding rostrum and poste- 
TIOT-APINES 1.4: 5.1 hers iN Senko oc 105 
Length of rostrum with its spine..... SNS, 22 
a spines at base of rostrum .............: 18 
3 larger spines of carapace .............- 14-28 
a smaller ,, by) Wee Mn cee ee ec ictts > mts 3-5 
is larger spines on margin of carapace .... 12-28 
¢ smaller _,, 3 " em 
Greatest breadth of dorsal surface of carapace, ex- 
Cludiy pMes so aden oe ce eh ee eee “p 93 


The large spines on the carapace are less numerous than 
in any of the specimens described by Smith; in all other 
details this specimen agrees with Smith’s description. 

The gastric region is armed with three pairs of large spines, 
the cardiac region with two pairs, the intestinal with one 
pair, and the branchial region on either side with six large 
spines; the more posterior of these twelve pairs of spines on 
the dorsum of the carapace are longer than the anterior, and 
dotted in between these dorsal spines are about an equal 
number of smaller spines about } the size of the large spines. 
On the margin of the carapace behind the large hepatic spine 
and the cervical suture are 9 large spines and 2-7 intervening 
smaller spines about half (or less) the size of the larger. 
These marginal spines are not exactly symmetrical in place 
or size on the two sides. There is a small median spine in 
the sinus in the middle of the posterior border of the 
carapace. 

This specimen differs very little from Smith’s larger adult 
specimen. Like the latter it is nine tenths as broad as long, 
and the number of /arge spines differ only on the branchial 
regions and margin of carapace, where the difference in 
length of the larger and smaller spines may not have been 
so pronounced as in this specimen. ‘The rostral spine, how- 
ever, and the spines at its base are much longer in this 
specimen, being as long as the average large spine on the 
carapace, and resemble those of Smith’s smaller adult 


specimen. 

The abdomen has three large outstanding spines situated 
on the central plate which represents the fused first and 
second abdominal terga; the other spines on the abdomen 
are small in comparison with these three. 

A figure will be given in the next issue of “ Illustrations 
of the Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator.’ ” 


cw) 
— 
or 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 


Fam. Galatheide. 
Muninopsis, Whiteaves, Faxon. 


Munidopsis dasypus, Alcock. 


Munidopsis dasypus, Alcock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., April 1894, 
p. 829; Aleock, Deser. Cat. Ind. Deep-sea Crust., Macr. and Anom. 
1901, p. 252; Illus. Zool. Invest. pl. xiii. fig. 9. 


Although numerous adult female specimens of this species 
have been caught in past years, the males have hitherto been 
represented by only two small young specimens. This 
season, at Sta. 331, east of Andamans, 569 fathoms, two 
adult males were obtained ; the extreme length of body of 
the larger male is 55 mm., and the length of chelipeds is 
69 mm. 

The chelipeds of the male are (right and left approxi- 
mately equally) enlarged in all joints and in all dimensions 
when compared with those of the female. The palms are 
much broadened and the fingers when closed leave at their 
base a fairly wide hiatus, into which a 3- or 4-cusped tooth 
projects from the mobile finger. 

The extreme length of body of the larger male caught 
prior to this season was 28 mm., and its chelipeds were 
slender throughout, like those of the female, and without a 
hiatus at the base of the fingers. 

There seem to be considerable and fairly frequent varia- 
tions from the typical (and much the commonest number) 
4 spines on the posterior border of the carapace. Variations 
found are 2, 3, 5, and 7. 

A figure of the male will appear in “Illustrations of the 
Zoology of R.1I.M.S. ‘ Investigator.’ ”’ 


Munidopsis Wardeni, Anderson, var. andamanica. 


Munidopsis Wardeni, Anderson, J. A. S. B. vol. Ixv. pt. 2, 1896, p. 99; 
Aleock, Desc. Cat. Ind. Deep-sea Crust., Macr. and Anom. 1901, 
p- 257; Lilus. Zool. Invest., Crust. pl. lv. fig. 1. 


As mentioned by Alcock in his Descriptive Catalogue of 
Anomura, there are in the Indian Museum two small 
specimens of M. Wardeni dredged off the Andamans in 
500 fathoms, and in these the abdominal terga have no 
spines. This season two similar but larger specimens (one 
an egg-laden adult female) were trawled at Sta. 351, east of 
the Andamans, in 569 fathoms, so that there would seem to 
be a distinct varicty of species Wardeni in that locality. 


246 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


Measurements of egg-laden female :— 


mm. 
Length of body from tip of rostrum to end of telson.. 45 
as chelipeds, ... 2+ peuple eaiahe se nike <= $5 54 


Besides the absence of spinules on the transverse carinze 
of the second and third abdominal terga, the surface of the 
carapace generally is smoother and its ridges and rugze less 
prominent. 


Munidopsis Milleri, Henderson, var. 
Munidopsis Milleri, Henderson, Chall. yol. xxvii., Anom. p. 155. 


This specimen agrees with M. Goodridgei (Alcock and 
Anderson) and M. spinipes (sp. n. et sub descr.) in differing 
from all other Indian species in having the eyes fused 
ventrally, immovable, and furnished with no spine or spinule. 
This variety also comes from much the same depth and 
locality as M. Goodridgei : the former from 568 fathoms, west 
of Ceylon; the latter from 430 fathoms, off the Travancore 
coast. 

This specimen differs from Henderson’s description of 
M. Milleri in the following points :— 

(1) Gastric area armed with one pair of spines and three 
(instead of one) pairs of spinules. These spinules are 
arranged one pair behind the other and all lymg on the 
circumference of an imaginary circle on the posterior half 
of the gastric region, thus :—the first pair situated behind 
the spines; the second pair behind these and wider apart, 
placed on the lateral margins of the gastric region ; the third 
pair close together near the posterior margin of the gastric 
region. 

(2) Rostrum is not spinulous, but subsquamiform. 

(3) Instead of a spinule being present on the anterior 
border of the carapace behind the antennal peduncle, the 
largest spine on the carapace is situated there. 

(4) Inner margin of palm is spinose and the upper surface 
is not smooth and glabrous, but has a few scattered tubercles 
and tufts of long silky hairs. 

(5) There is a well-marked spinule in the centre of the 
triangular dilated area of the carapace, lying between the 
two divisions of the cervical groove. 

This specimen differs from M. Goodridgei chiefly in :— 

(1) Posterior border of carapace spinulose. 

(2) An extra spine on the lateral border of the carapace, 

(3) Three extra pairs of spinules on the gastric region and 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 247 


a spine on either side of the carapace between the two 
divisions of the cervical groove. 

Unfortunately only one specimen (a male) was obtained 
at Sta. 334, west of Ceylon, 568 fathoms. 


Munidopsis spinipes, sp. 0. 


This species agrees with M. Goodridget and M. Milleri, 
var. (above described), amongst Indian species in having the 
eyes absolutely immovable, yet furnished with neither spine 
nor spinule. 

The carapace is convex, subquadrangular, about the same 
breadth in front and behind. <A pair of large spines are 
situated anteriorly on the gastric region. ‘There is no 
vestige of a spine or spinule on the cardiac region or poste- 
rior border of the carapace. ‘The rostrum is short and 
styliform; towards its tip there is obscure microscopic 
serration on its lateral margins. ‘The supra-antennal spines 
are of good size. On the lateral border there are three large 
spines and one or two spinules, situated thus :—One spine 
at the antero-lateral angle, a second at the anterior angle of 
the triangular area lying between the two divisions of the 
cervical groove, and the third immediately behind the poste- 
rior division of the same groove; behind the second spine 
and lying with it between the two divisions of the cervical 
groove there may be one or two spinules, diminishing in size 
from before backwards. 

The abdomen is smooth and has a few scattered hairs; 
the second tergum is transversely bicarinate, and the third 
transversely grooved. In the telson on either side between 
the two lateral plates there is a small calcareous patch, 
much the same as in ©. ciliata. 

The basal joint of the antennule has one spine and three 
spinules: the spine (large) on the outer side and two spinules 
on the inner side of the distal end of the joint; whilst the 
third spinuie is on the far side of the globular swelling on 
the upper and outer surface of the basal joint. On the inner 
edge of the merus of the external maxillipeds there are two 
large spines. 

The chelipeds are subequal and much longer than (nearly 
a third as long again as) the fully extended body. The arm 
has three longitudinal rows of spines and four large terminal 
spines ; the wrist has two rows of spines and four terminal 
spines; both edges of the outer surface of the palm are 
spinose. The fingers are not straight, but meet throughout 
their length ; the fixed finger is finely serrated, and a little 


248 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


beyond its centre it has a projecting lobe which fits into a 
corresponding depression in the free finger. ‘The free finger 
1s finely dentate in its distal half or so; its proximal half 
forms a projection, with its free margin coarsely dentate, 
which fits into a depression at the basal end of the fixed 
finger. There is no epipodite on any of the thoracic legs. 

The ambulatory legs are long; the first pair are longer 
than the fully extended body. The merus of the first three 
pairs has a row of spines almost throughout the whole extent 
of its anterior border, and this is continued along the ante- 
rior border of the carpus as a row of spines, and not merely 
as a terminal spine; their dactylus is hardly or only very 
slightly more than half the length of the propodite. 

Three egg-laden females and one male were taken in the 
trawl at Sta. 310, Bay of Bengal, 960 fathoms. The male 
unfortunately had lost its chelipeds. The largest female 
gives the following measurements :— 


mm 

Leugth of fully extended body, including rostrum .. 80°6 
- CHEM OUR rats oie nee itetge ir tare een ee 39 
rs first pair of ambulatory legs............ 318 


This species is very closely allied to WM. Goodridgei, from 
which it differs mainly in having no spines or spinules on the 
cardiac region; chelipeds not very unequal, both of them 
much longer than the fully extended body, and both edges of 
the outer surface of the palm spinose ; legs more spinose, 
the carpus having a row of two or more spines, and not 
merely a terminal spine on its anterior border ; the lateral 
border of the carapace with three spines and two spinules 
instead of two spines and one spinule. 

This new species has been figured for the next issue of 
“ Tllustrations of the Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator,’ ” 


Munidopsis (Orophorhynchus) ciliata, Wood-Mason. 


Munidopsis ciliata, Wood-Mason, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1891, 
. 200; Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xviii. 1895, p. 84; Alcock, 
Desc, Cat. Ind. Deep-sea Crust., Anom. p. 267; lus. Zool. Invest., 
Crust. pl. xi. fig. 3. 
Munidopsis brevimana, Henderson, Chall. Anom, p. 154, pl. xvii. 
fig. 1. 

One male specimen (length of body, including rostrum, 
43 mm.; length of chelipeds 244 mm.) was caught at Sta. 
326, Bay of Bengal, 1100 fathoms. It presented the following 
peculiarities :—Carapace and abdomen tomentose ; lateral 
margins of carapace armed with only three spines, two only 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 249 


being present between the two divisions of the cervical groove 
and no spine at all at the extreme antero-lateral angle of the 
carapace. In other respects this specimen agrees with 
descriptions of M. ciliata. 

Last season at Sta. 310, Bay of Bengal, 960 fathoms, three 
small specimens of this species were caught in the same 
trawl: the smallest had the five typical spines on the lateral 
margins of the carapace; the other two had an extra small 
spine (making four in all) between the two divisions of the 
cervical groove. The number of spines on the lateral borders 
of the carapace of this species would thus seem to vary from 
three to six. 


Fam. Uroptychide. 
Uroptycuus, Henderson. 


Uroptychus glyphodactylus, sp. n. 


Length of carapace, including rostrum, less than its 
greatest breadth. Carapace moderately convex from side 
to side, its surface and margins all smooth and glabrous 
except for a spine at each antero-lateral angle. Hardly any 
indication of regions. Rostrum has a broad base, but is 
exceedingly short, horizontal, and placed on a lower level 
than the summit of the carapace; in length it is considerably 
shorter than the eye-stalks. The pterygostomial region is 
very limited in extent, smooth, slightly inflated, and pro- 
duced anteriorly as a well-marked acute spinule. 

The eyes are of moderate size and, to the naked eye, of a 
uniformly brown colour; but under a lens they appear as a 
delicate dark brown network enclosing large pale facets. 
The eye-stalks are short, stout, and freely mobile. 

The antennal acicle is very short and stunted, not more 
than 4 the length of the antennal peduncle, the distal end of 
the penultimate joint of which the acicle does not reach. 
Like the rostrum it is broad at the base and rapidly tapers 
toa point. The flagellum is barely twice the length of the 


peduncle. 


Male. Female. 
mm, mm, 


Length of body, including rostrum........ 11 
7 » excluding ESOT aRte tord 104 
4 carapace, including rostrum .... z 4¢ 
¥ Pelavel Ri ofe(c 0 aes eee ee 26 22 
9 second pair (longest) of ambula- 
IREOM Os lapSha- aan cats cco e tev sees 6 = 12 12 
Greatest breadth of carapace ............ OF Ot 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 18 


250 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


The chelipeds are long and smooth, except for aspinule on 
the dorsal margin of the ischium at its distal extremity and 
1-3 prominent “spinules at the distal ends of both merus and 
carpus on their upper and inner aspects. There are a few 
tufts of hairs (2-5 in each tuft) scattered sparingly on the 
joints, but mostly on the carpus; these tufts may escape 
notice unless looked for with a lens. On the fingers there 
are numerous hairs. The palm is very slightly shorter than 
the wrist and slightly dilated. The fingers are elegantly 
curved, forming at their base a wide hiatus, into which a 
conical tooth projects from the prehensile edge of each 
finger—that from the free finger being the larger and more 
distally placed. The summits of these two teeth are seen 
under a strong lens to be furnished with numerous spiniform 
cusps. In slightly more than their distal or apical third 
the closed fingers leave no gap, the prehensile margins in 
that region being smooth or very minutely serrulate. The 
chelipeds are about five times the length of the carapace, 
including the rostrum. 

The ambulatory legs are about one third the stoutness of the 
chelipeds ; the first pair are slightly shorter than the second, 
which are about half the length of the chelipeds ; the third 
pair are more than a dactylus shorter than the first or second 
pair. The legs are smooth, unarmed, and glabrous, except 
the dactyli and the posterior border of the propodites. 
These latter parts are well coated with hairs. The dactyli 
are strongly curved and long, being about the same length 
as the propodite, and their posterior border is finely toothed 
in its distal two thirds; the posterior border of the pro- 
podites is unarmed. 

The abdomen is smooth and has hairs only on the margins 
of the pleura, telson, and caudal swimmerets. The telson is 
much shorter than (about half the length of) the caudal 
swimmerets. 

The ova are large, about ] mm. diameter, and compara- 
tively few in number. 

One male and an egg-laden female were trawled at Sta. 
331, east of the Andamans, 569 fathoms. ‘The female was 
found and preserved clinging to a species of Virgularia, the 
first pair of ambulatory legs fixed to the stem from below 
upwards, and the sccond and third pairs clasping the stem 
from above downwards (or behind forwards). 

In the female neither spines nor hairs are so well deve- 
Joped as in the male. Tor instance, the spine at the distal 
end of the upper margin of ischium of cheliped is hardly 
evident, and there are fewer and less prominent spines at 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 251 


the distal ends of merus and carpus. The chelipeds of the 
female are much more slender and shorter than those of the 
male. Both chelipeds of the male are approximately equally 
oleae (right palm possibly slightly more dilated than the 
eft). 

Of species hitherto described this one comes nearest 
Diptychus uncifer (A. M.-Edwards) and D. politus (Hender- 
son). The new species differs from the former in having a 
shorter rostrum and still shorter antennal acicle ; merus of 
cheliped smooth on its under surface, and no sharp tubercle 
on under surface of ischium; merus and carpus armed 
distally ; fingers entirely different. It differs from D. politus 
in the rostrum being much shorter and the acicle still more 
so; carapace broader than long; fingers different. This 
species can be at once distinguished by the form of the 
fingers, size of rostrum and antennal acicle, and the carapace 
being broader than long, 

The telson and caudal swimmerets of the females of this 
genus are not so acutely flexed on the preceding segments 
or so closely applied to them as in the males. 

Figures of both the male and female, the latter clinging 
to a species of Virgularia, will appear in “ Illustrations of 
the Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator,’ ” 


BRACHYURA. 
OxYRHYNCHA. 
Fam. Maiidz. 


Cyrtomaia Goodridgei, McArdle. 

Cyrtomaia Goodridget, McArdle, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 
vol. vi., Nov. 1900, p. 472; Ill. Zool. Invest. pl. lix. figs. 1, 1 a, 18, 
fi 

Of this species, described by McArdle from a single large 

male specimen, this season three more specimens—an adult 
and a young male and an egg-laden female—were obtained. 

Dimorphism in the male——The adult male was caught at 

Sta. 332, south-east of South Andaman Island, 279 fathoms. 
It is somewhat smaller than McArdle’s specimen, but it 
presents this very striking and curious difference—its 
chelipeds are in all joints, but especially the distal extre- 
mities of the palms, very much enlarged and inflated. In 
the general arrangement of the spines on the chelipeds both 
specimens agree, and the gape (about 45°) is similar in both. 
The hiatus, however, left at the base of the fingers when 


closed is in the enlarged chelipeds much wider. The fingers 
iss 


252 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


are stout at the base and rapidly taper towards the tips, and 
for this reason they appear relatively shorter than in 
MeArdle’s specimen. Both chelipeds of this new specimen 
are equally enlarged, and the relative lengths of their joints 
are maintained and correspond with those of the type 
specimen. Those ambulatory legs which happen to be present 
are not disproportionate in length or thickness when com- 
pared with the “ type.” 

In the small male (length of carapace and rostrum 1] mm.) 
caught at Sta. 322, east of South Andaman Island, 378 
fathoms, the chelipeds are slender and resemble a female’s. 

There is no evidence of the ‘‘ type” having been attacked 
by parasites or other disease which might account for the 
chelipeds not being enlarged. 

The relative size of the hand and palm in the “ type,” new 
male, and egg-laden female respectively can be judged from 
the following measurements :— 

Type New Ovige- 
Gs 3d. rous®. 


mm. mm. mm. 


Length of carapace and rostrum ...... Ba3 29 213 
‘ PHShI Les pilee wielse eo eke 13 1k ik 
i branchial spine ..........+. 38 7 a 
Greatest breadth.’ hoc amas ects ve 32 28 21 
Thengéh of chelipeds: GAT 57. scat + cals an = 4 100 45} 
ss lOO Eta oS Socom Gir an Go c 354 46: 2) 
Maximum and minimum breadth of 
BR UTIA a oa cons -aita/osute efein ol tetera te etene kan ie 63-35 11-4 23-13 


Description of the female—The egg-laden female was 
caught at Sta. 323, west of Cape Negrais, 463 fathoms. As 
in the male, on the strongly deflexed anterior portion of the 
carapace are well-raised granular ridges, three on either 
side extending from the large gastric spine to (1) the promi- 
nent postocular spine, (2) base of rostrum, and (38) base of 
concavity of orbital notch. ‘The two innermost ridges which 
run to the base of the rostrum are thickly coated with long 
peg-shaped hairs. Rostral spines form a U-shaped interspace 
and the interantennulary spine descends in the same plane 
as the deflexed anterior portion of the carapace. There is 
merely a warty tubercle or prominence on a granular mesial 
ridge midway between the two long gastric spines. Similarly 
a short warty transverse ridge represents the small intestinal 
spine. 

he antero-external angle of the merus of the external 
maxillipeds is produced as a flat rounded projection armed 
with 3 or 4 acute spinules on its margin. Chelipeds and 
legs are armed with spines and sete. 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 253 


In the female the chelipeds are only very slightly stouter 
than the first ambulatory legs. The fingers are very indis- 
tinctly toothed, the prehensile edges being merely rough- 
ened ; they are not close-fitting. A small but well-marked 
acute spine is present at the base of the free finger on its 
dorsal aspect (present also in the male). 

The sternum of the female has seven prominent spines, 
arranged as follows :—a spine at the base of each cheliped ; 
another at the base of each of the first pair of ambulatory 
legs, on the margin of the concavity in which the eggs lie ; 
a pair of spines placed transversely at the anterior edge of 
the same cavity ; one (smaller) spine in the middle line 
between the last pair mentioned and the anterior border of 
the sternum. The whole space between the bases of the four 
pairs of legs is concave and occupied by the eggs, which are 
small and numerous. 

The abdomen of the female is broad and carinate, except 
the posterior two thirds of the last segment ; it consists of 
seven distinct segments, of which the fifth and sixth are 
broadest. The surface is very granular and sparsely covered 
with longish hairs. A granular tubercle is present on the 
carina of the first segment and a prominent acute spine on 
that of the sixth segment. The ambulatory legs diminish in 
length and girth from first to last; the last two pairs are 
very slender; the last pair in this egg-laden female are 
acutely flexed and carried dorsally. 

Colour in life deep pink. 

The female and the enlarged chelipeds of the male will be 
figured in an early issue of “ Illustrations of the Zoology of 
R.1.M.S. ‘ Investigator.’ ”’ 


Fam. Parthenopide. 
Eumeponus, Edw. 


Eumedonus granulosus, sp. 0. 


Carapace depressed and sharply pentagonal. Bifurcation 
of rostrum at tip very faint, occasionally absent, and then 
the bilobed nature of the rostrum can only be made out by 
the median longitudinal dorsal groove. The rostrum is 
transversely narrower and thicker (dorso-ventrally) than in 
E. zebra, where it is a broad thin lamina deeply bifid at the 
tip. There are no coloured band- markings on the carapace. 
The surface of the body generally, including chelipeds and 
legs, is coarsely but evenly and regularly * granular, The 
regions of the carapace are well defined. 


254 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


Chelipeds of female are no longer than the ambulatory 
legs, those of the male are much longer; in both sexes they 
are more massive and armed with spines which are granular 
and not very acute. ‘The most prominent of these spines is, 
as in F. zebra, that at the inner angle of the wrist. The 
palms of the male have no teeth on their upper border, those 
of the female have 2-4 teeth. The chelipeds are unequal in 
both sexes, the chief difference being in the relative size of 
the palms; there is little difference in length, and that 
difference is due mainly to the palm of the right hand being 
longer as well as stouter than that of the left. 

‘The ambulatory legs are only slightly compressed ; the 
upper border of the merus is seldom cristate, but is granular 
(that of fourth pair being dentate) and ends in a distal tooth. 

This species differs from KH. zebra in having its surface 
coarsely granular; no coloured bands on carapace ; rostrum 
narrower, thicker, and only faintly notched at the tip; merus 
of legs not (or very seldom) strongly compressed or cristate. 

Commensalism.—Fixedly adhering to the carapace and 
legs of a large male are a few tubicolous worms (Serpula) 
and one small patch of what seems to be Foraminifera 
Perforata (Polytrema). 

At Sta. 291, 49-48 fathoms, two adult males, two ovige- 
rous females, and several young specimens were got; at 
Sta. 296, 47 fathoms, an egg-laden female and a young male 
were obtained: all are from the Persian Gulf, mud and 
sand bottom. 


The largest specimens give the following measurements :— 


Ovigerous 
female, Male. 
mm, mm. 
Length of chelipeds. 2 5.<..6 peer gee ar cals ll 21 
fy CATAPACE May hemes vps eras chm 10 115 
» __ third pair of ambulatory legs... 12 13°5 
Greatest breadth of carapace............ 10°8 115 


This new species will be figured in an early issue of 
“ Tllustrations of the Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator,’ ” 


OXxYSTOMA., 
Fam. Leucosiide. 
Orrornorvs, Riippell. 


Oreophorus reticulatus, Adams and White. 


Oreophorus reticulatus, Alcock, Carcin. Fauna Ind., Oxyst. p. 174 and 
relerences, 


Of this very variable species a single ovigerous female was 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 255 


taken at Sta. 291, Persian Gulf, 49-48 fathoms. The cara- 
pace is 12 mm. long and 15 mm. broad; the length of the 
chelipeds is 15 mm. The eggs are minute and numerous ; 
they do not interfere with the tight closing on the thorax of 
the lid-like abdomen. 

This specimen presents the following peculiarities :—The 
surface and edge of the carapace, the pterygostomial regions, 
the external maxillipeds, the anterior margin of the thorax, 
and the chelipeds down to the very fingers are prettily orna- 
mented in parts with an encrusting growth of Foraminifera 
(Polytrema miniaceum, Moebius, ‘ Meeresfauna von Mauri- 
tius’). ‘These Foraminifera form dark red irregular jagged 
processes on the grey-coloured carapace and ‘other parts. 
The caverns are shallow ; ; the second cavern has a wide open 
communication with the third, so wide that they look lke 
one elongate cavern. The floors of the caverns and of the 
channel which bounds the intestinal region have bead-like 
granules scattered over them. ‘The tumid branchial regions 
are raised to a rugged peak, as in O. reticulatus, var. alci- 
cornis, but the tip is not bifid. The outer surface of both 
fingers is smooth, without any trace of rows of pits. 

Of seven Indian Museum specimens from off Ceylon, 
34 fathoms, five have fingers exactly as in this specimen, 
the other two have well-marked rows of pits on the outer 
surface of the fingers. These Ceylon specimens are also 
encrusted, but nothing lke to the same extent, with the same 
species of Foraminifera; they have, however, three distinct 
aud separate caverns on either side, and the branchial regions 
are tumid, but not raised and rugged. 


Ixoides cornutus, gen. et sp. n. 


This genus agrees with Arcania and Iva in having the 
hands much longer than broad, tapering from a swollen base, 
and the fingers opening in a nearly vertical plane, the tip of 
the dactylus movable through an are of about 60°. It is 
more closely allied to Iva, but it can be distinguished from 
either by the following diagnostic points : —The fingers are 
two thirds the length of the palm, or about half the combined 
lengths of wrist and palm ; the sides of the carapace are 
produced i into two stout, conical, horn-like processes, tapering 
from their base; carapace is globular and its median regions 
are not pronouncedly demarcated by channels or grooves ; 
the merus of the external maxilliped has its outer edge cut 
away and bevelled, and this bevelled edge forms the inner 
wall of the afferent branchial canal; the front is moderately 


hin 


256 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


prominent, projecting about as far as the salient edges of 
the afferent branchial canal. 

The carapace of this species is globular, rhomboidal, not 
very much broader than long, produced at the junction of 
the antero-lateral and postero-lateral borders into a stout 
horn-like process, which projects straight outwards, tapering 
steadily but very gradually until in its distal fifth it rapidly 
tapers off to a point; the proximal end of the lateral pro- 
cesses is not inflated or sausage-shaped, as in Iva. Except 
for a deep suleus on either side of the intestinal region, 
separating it from the branchial regions, there is no pro- 
nounced grooving of the carapace ; in the adult faint indica- 
tions of grooving can be made out, and in the young this 
grooving, although faint, is more discernible ; much more 
distinct grooving can be seen in species of Arcania. ‘The 
carapace in the young is covered with small vesiculous 
granules, which in the adult for the most part disappear, 
except in the anterior part of the carapace and at the bases 
of the processes. Between these vesiculous granules the 
surface is rough and finely granular. At either end of the 
posterior margin is a large, stout, papilliform process about 
a third of the length of the lateral processes. On the middle 
of the intestinal region there is a much smaller bullous 
projection. The front is bilobed and projects further forward 
than in Jza. <A very small bullous projection occurs on the 
summit of the antero-lateral convexity of the subhepatic 
region. 

The orbits are emarginate on the dorso-lateral aspect in 
the region of the orbital sutures. The antennules do not 
fold so obliquely (by reason of the front of the carapace 
projecting more forwards) asin Jva. The antennal peduncles 
are small but distinct, and their flagella rudimentary. 

The external mavxillipeds, as in Jza, are partly sunken 
below the level of the edges of the buccal cavern, which is 
triangular, and the ischium is grooved along its inner border, 
but the merus is quite different and peculiar in its shape. 
The merus is grooved only in its basal fifth or so; beyond 
this its outer edge is bevelled to such a degree that the upper 
surface in its distal two thirds is a mere ridge, and the 
bevelled outer edge dovetails with the margin of the efferent 
branchial canal and forms the inner wall of the afferent 
branchial channel. The inner borders of the exognaths are 
concave, their distal ends curving inwards and converging. 
The surface of the exognath is strongly convex and, like the 
raised outer border of the ischium, has a band of vesiculous 
granules; its distal free margin is well fringed with hairs 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 257 


and falls short of the raised anterior edge of the afferent 
branchial canal by a distance equal to about half the length 
of the merus. 

The chelipeds are long, about twice the length of the 
carapace ; the distal half of the hand is very slender ; the 
fingers are about two thirds the length of the palm and are 
filiform. 

The abdomen of the adult male (female unknown) consists 
of five pieces, the third, fourth, and fifth segments having 
coalesced; in the young specimen the sutures are still 
visible, 

Three specimens (one large and two small males) were 
taken at Sta. 292, Persian Gulf, mud bottom, 53 fathoms. 
The largest gave the following measurements :-— 


mm 
Ibewoth OF CATAPBES. Voce kak ts cee ote ee Rene OO 
Breadth, including lateral processes ............ 62°5 
Iength ci lateral processy 62: seers <i aru, stash y he 14°5 


Only one cheliped is present in the large specimen, and 
that one has had the tips of the fingers broken off; but one 
of the smaller specimens has a complete cheliped, which 
shows the following characters :—The cheliped is slightly 
more than twice the length of the carapace ; the fingers are 
well under half the length of the hand, are shghtly hooked 
at the tip, and have their prehensile edges closely set with 
small microscopic jagged teeth, and at regular intervals a 
few larger and recurved teeth. This specimen gives the 
following measurements :— 


Bengthyof eattapace 1. seat eas agaist daa NS 10 
CF PCHEMPE Jee aca aaerek eee eaten = rs 203 
- PRE 2) 86 cote, ait a athe agevateseaion acakels ue 5° 

Ee teas 2. 
“s NYS si eee moire Anh cto cus acre _, od 


This species has been figured for “Illustrations of the 
Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator. ” 


Fam. Dorippida. 
Ernusa, Roux. 


Ethusa hirsuta, McArdle. 


Ethusa hirsuta, McArdle, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. vi., 
Noy. 1900, p. 474; Illus. Zool. Invest., Crust. pl. lix. figs. 2, 2a. 


This species was described by McArdle from an adult 


258 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


female and a young male. ‘This season two males were 
caught at Sta. 333, off the west coast of Ceylon, 400 fathoms. 

Description of adult male.—'The chelipeds are very 
unequal; the right is in all joints and in all dimensions much 
larger than the left: the disparity in size is most marked in 
the palm, the right being many times larger than the left. 
The left cheliped resembles that of the female, is not en- 
larged, and is more slender than the first and second pairs of 
ambulatory legs; the right cheliped is more massive than 
these legs in all joints. The left cheliped does not reach as 
far as the fingers of the right, and the right cheliped is about 
three quarters the length of the first pair of ambulatory legs. 
The fingers meet only at their tips, and the prehensile edges 
are smooth and without a vestige of teeth, unless a smooth 
rounded lobe or bulging on the under surface of the free 
finger of the enlarged cheliped be excepted. The palm of 
the enlarged cheliped is large, broad, and inflated, and the 
fingers are short and stout. 


Male 
mm 
Length of carapace io. 2 Ga. ace os eee bite 12 
Breadth EF) la) UE hs A ti Ci a. CE 12 
Length of smaller cheliped...s... .6 sls. ewan s nen 17% 
s larger aS ial bs cE ele reek on bie 24 
os first ambulatory legs. 5. oo. ce see 85 
if second ,, ss Paes teria ae 40 


A noteworthy and what appears to be a specific character 
of E. hirsuta is the length of snout or spout formed by the 
efferent branchial channels. ‘This spout, in either sex, 
extends forwards well between the bases of the antennules. 
In none of the males in the Museum collection do the 
external orbital spines reach quite as far forwards as the 
rostral spines ; they fall short, however, by very little. The 
inner pair of frontal teeth have a distinct tendency to be 
stouter and lounger than the outer pair and to point slightly 
outwards. 

The large male, which has the dimensions given above, 
will be figured in the next issue of “ Illustrations of the 
Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator.’ ” 


CYCLOMETOPA. 
Fam. Xanthidz. 
XantruopeEs, Dana. 
Xanthodes cumaiodes, sp. n. 
Carapace roughly hexagonal; frontal and antero-lateral 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 259 


borders forming together a strongly convex arch; the postero- 
lateral borders strongly convergent ; the fronto-orbital border 
much more than half the greatest width of the carapace. 

The anterior two thirds of the carapace are markedly 
areolated and peculiarly granular; the granules are bead- 
like and for the most part arranged in transverse rows, these 
rows occupying the tops of successive small ridges, which 
look like wavelets or ripples moving in a forward direction. 
Between these rows of granules and in the grooves defining 
the regions the carapace is smooth. The margins and sides 
of the carapace, along with the posterior third of the surface, 
are fairly uniformly studded with granules. No hairs on 
carapace. A sinuous groove marks off the fronto-orbital 
region ; the gastric region is defined and divided into three 
subregions by similar deep grooves, while a shallow longi- 
tudinal groove on either side divides the lateral gastric sub- 
regions in two; the branchio-hepatic regions are divided by 
grooves into about four areas (a marginal, two dorsal, and 
an internal triangular one). 

Front bilobed; the outer angle is not sharply marked 
off, and from it pass inwards two beaded ridges, which give 
the front the appearance of having a double edge. The 
outer angle is separated from the supraorbital margin by a 
well-marked notch. Antero-lateral border divided into 
four granular lobes or teeth. Between the first tooth and 
the external orbital angle there is a depression which allows, 
in a dorsal view, a small tubercle to be seen; this tubercle 
lies close to the first tooth of the antero-lateral border and 
lies in a line between it and the angle of the buccal cavity. 
The third lobe or tooth is largest, the first smallest; the 
second and fourth are about equal. 

The three grooves of the orbital border are distinct. The 
inner and outer ends of the lower orbital margin end in 
teeth, the inner being much the larger. The basal antennal 
joint is short and just reaches the front. A small dog’s-ear- 
shaped flap projects from the eye-stalk on to the dorsal 
aspect of the cornea, and on this stands a tuft of setz. 
There is a transverse row of granules on the front of the 
eye-stalk just internal to the cornea, the uppermost granule 
being usually enlarged and dentiform. 

The anterior edge of the merus of the external maxilliped 
is almost transverse; there is a notch in it just external to 
the inner angle. The longitudinal ridges that define the 
efferent branchial canals are indistinct and do not reach the 
anterior boundary of the buccal cavern. 

The chelipeds are not twice the length of the carapace ; 


260 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


merus not entirely hidden beneath the carapace; its outer 
surface has transverse rows of pearly granules and its upper 
border is spinulose in its distal part. Outer surface of 
wrist and palm furnished with pearly granules. The outer 
surface of the wrist is irregular, but generally shows a trans- 
verse groove at the distal end and a prominent tooth at the 
angle of the upper or inner border. The outer surface of 
the palm shows three parallel longitudinal furrows, as in 
X. Lamarcku, the pearly granules at the margins of the 
furrows being arranged in rows. The inner surface of the 
palm is smooth and polished. The fingers are pointed and 
blackish brown in spirits. 

Upper margin of merus of ambulatory legs serrulate. 
The upper border of the carpus is peculiar; it is furnished 
with a central and a subdistal hump, which make it saddle- 
shaped. The upper border of the propodite is convex and, 
like that of the carpus, finely granular. A fine longitu- 
dinal granular ridge runs along the outer surface of carpus 
and propodite. Dactylus is long and bristly and ends in a 
short horny spine. 

Six females (four ovigerous) aud one male were trawled 
at Sta. 292, Persian Gulf, mud bottom, 53 fathoms. The 
male, which is about the size of the largest female, gives 
length of carapace 8, length of cheliped 12, and greatest 
width 11:3 mm. 

This species will be figured in an early issue of “ Illustra- 
tions of the Zoology of R.I.M.S. * Investigator, ” 


Acrumnus, Dana. 


Actumnus margarodes, sp. 1. 


Carapace subcircular, with concave postero-lateral borders, 
strongly areolated and moderately convex ; it is not much 
broader than long. Fronto-orbital border is about two 
thirds the greatest width of the carapace. The central lobes 
of the front are prominent, somewhat depressed, and the 
central notch isshallow ; the outer angles of the front are 
not large, are well marked off from the central lobes, but are 
only marked off from the supraorbital angles by a shallow 
groove. The antero-lateral border is cut into three teeth 
exclusive of the outer orbital angle. 

The main areolation on the anterior half of the carapace 
is -U- shaped, and is surmounted by a band (1—2 deep) of 
sharp crystalline granules; the lateral arms are continued 
outwards and backwards in a gentle curve towards the 
third or last tooth of the antero-lateral border. A short 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 261 


transverse band of these granules also lies on the branchial 
region on either side in a line between the posterior teeth 
of the antero-lateral borders. A similar band marks the 
anterior cardiac region, and the inner halves of the supra- 
orbital margins are likewise furnished with these granules, 
A few of these crystalline granules also occur on the upper 
aspect of the wrist and palm of both the larger and smaller 
chelipeds. 

The posterior half of the carapace has a dense short furry 
coating, as also have thorax, abdomen, chelipeds to bases of 
fingers, and the exposed surfaces of the legs. 

The supra-orbital margin has a notch just internal to the 
outer angle. The outer orbital angle is dentiform and 
similar to the teeth of the antero-lateral border. Just below 
the outer angle is an angular notch. The basal antennal 
joint just reaches the front; the orbital hiatus is not closed. 

The chelipeds are unequal ; upper border of arm is serru- 
late; inner angle of wrist is sharp, its exposed surface 
having a few sharp crystalline granules, as also has the outer 
surface of the palm. Margins of legs are fringed with long 
hairs. 

Only one male specimen was obtained, at Sta. 292, Persian 
Gulf, 53 fathoms. Length of carapace 6 mm., the greatest 
width 7°5 mm. A figure of this specimen will be given in 
* Tllustrations of the ‘Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘Investigator.’ ”’ 


Fam. Cancride. 
Tricnopettarium, A. M.-Edwards. 


Trichopeltarium ovale, Anderson. 


Trichopeltarium ovale, Anderson, J. A. 8. B. vol. Ixv. pt. 2, p. 1038; 
Illus. Zool. Invest., Crust. pl. xxv. figs. 4,4a; Alcock, Carc. Faun. 
Ind. no. 4, Brach. Cyclom. pt. 2, 1899, p. 96. 

This species was described by Anderson from a single 
specimen (a female) caught off the west coast of Ceylon. 
This season another female was caught at Sta. 3823, west of 
Cape Negrais, 463 fathoms, and also a male at Sta. 322, east 
of South Andaman Island, 378 fathoms. 

Description of male.—It is smaller than any of the females 
in the Museum collection. As in the female, a very promi- 
nent and procurved lateral epibranchial spine is present on 
either side ; it is about the same size as the frontal prongs. 
The three frontal spines are about the same length; in the 
specimens available the central spine is in the male very 


262 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


slightly shorter and in the females very slightly longer than 
the lateral. The measurements of the male are as follows :— 


mm. 
Length of carapace, including mid-frontal spine.. 55 
Greatest breadth of carapace.........s.eeeeeee 47 
Depth of carapace i... baa» 00 tene Roeeie eee Rin ae 29 
Length of preater cheliped ©... 0... 0.0.5e-> > 91 

i smaller Be SSG oe ree eee 51 
= first pair of ambulatory legs ........ 85 


The cornez are very deficient in pigment and are repre- 
sented by small, hemispherical, pinkish-tinged patches placed 
obliquely (posterior aspect) on the summit of the long, 
slender, but rigid eye-stalks, which are freely movable in the 
horizontal plane. These corneal patches seem to be very 
easily detached, for they are absent from about half the 
number of eye-stalks examined. 

The chelipeds are very unequal in the male ; all joints of 
the larger cheliped (the right) are enlarged in all dimensions. 
The merus is huge, and is not curved to correspond with the 
inflated pterygostomial region ; it is straight, and fully half 
the joint projects free beyond the margin of the carapace. 
The most marked difference between the two chelipeds is in 
the hands. The palm of the larger cheliped is inflated and 
its inner surface is practically smooth, being coated merely 
by very minute vesiculous granules. The fingers are 
markedly different in the two chelipeds. Instead of being 
long, slender, acute, curved, slightly excavated on the inner 
surface, and of equal length (tips coinciding), as im the 
smaller cheliped and in those of the female, the fingers of 
the larger cheliped are straight, stout, and relatively short. 
The fixed finger is relatively very short and inflated: the free 
finger is deep and vertically compressed ; its free border is 
highly arched and is armed with spines, tubercles, and hairs 
almost to the very tip. The free finger is 21} mm. long and 
overlaps in parrot-beak fashion the short fixed finger, which 
is only 13 mm. long. The fingers, when approximated, are 
not close-fitting, and each has 6 or 7 coarse teeth. The 
smaller cheliped is stouter than the legs. 

Both sternum and abdomen are much narrower than in 
the female. At the level of the interspace between the bases 
of the first and second pairs of ambulatory legs the breadth 
of the abdomen is about 4 breadth of sternum in the same 
transverse line. The abdomen is seven-jointed and covered 
with coarse hairs; the first two segments bear spines just as 
in the female; the other segments, however, have neither 


oblained in the Indian Seas. 263 


spines, tubercles, nor granules, but are all smooth like the 
last segment of that of the female. The vasa efferentia 
perforate the coxopodites of the last pair of legs, the openings 
being of fair size. 

The male has been figured for “Illustrations of the 
Zoology of R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator.’ ” 


Fam, Corystida. 
Gomeza, Gray. 


Gomeza distincta, de Haan, var. 
Corystes (Oeidea) distincta, de Haan, Faun. Jap., Crust. 1850, p. 45, 
pl. xiii. fig. 2. 

Gomeza, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 89. 

The only difference between this variety and the type 
described by de Haan is that the spine of the infraorbital 
margin of this one is much shorter than (in fact reaches only 
about a third of the way along) the supraorbital spine. 

It should also be noted that of the ten marginal spines on 
either side of the carapace the four anterior ones, although 
decidedly larger and with broader bases than the following 
spines, are not by any means so much larger jn comparison 
with these latter as the figure given by de Haan represents 
them. In this case it requires more than a superficial 
examination or glance to make out that the four anterior 
spines are larger; in de Haan’s figure these four are enor- 
mous compared with the following spines. 

Only one specimen (a male), 8mm. long and 5°5 mm. 
broad, was caught, and unfortunately its chelipeds and legs 
are wanting. It was trawled at Sta. 292, Persian Gulf, 
53 fathoms. 

This genus is new to the Indian fauna. 


CaTOMETOPA. 
Fam. Gonoplacide. 
Crratoriax, Stimpson. 


Ceratoplax granulosa, sp. n. 


Length of carapace is three quarters its greatest breadth. 
Front is a little less than one third its greatest breadth, 
deflexed, decidedly arched, and deeply notched. 

Not only is the palm on its outer surface covered with 
very prominent vesiculous granules, but the surface and sides 
of the carapace as well, except a transyersely oval patch 


264 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


about half the breadth of the carapace stretching across the 
intestinal region, where the surface of the carapace is densely 
pitted. Regions of carapace are fairly well marked out. 
“Surface of carapace, chelipeds, and legs sparsely covered 
with hairs and the margins are more thickly coated and with 
coarser hairs, which latter have a tendency to be arranged 
in rows, as, for instance, on the propodite of the first ambu- 
latory leg. 


Male 

mm, 
Broadthiof carapace! y osio.ies\ouds ionlamansne' seh 16 
Length SS RE 12 
Prone e Or MpAe COG wn cette Ses ats eens eee 5 
Length of third pair of legs ..........s0ss0«0 27 


Orbits are widest internally, corresponding with the eye- 
peduncles, which are conical, with the broad base internal. 
Eyes are fairly well pigmented, little, if at all, deficient in 
pigment. The antero-superior margin of the eye-peduncle 
is acute, covered with longish hairs, and lies in line with a 
similarly hair-clad transverse ridge at the upper borders of 
the deflexed front, this ridge marking the angle of flexion of 
the front on the carapace proper. 

The basal joint of the antenna reaches the level of the 
lower border of the orbit and falls short of reaching the 
posterior border of the deflexed front merely by the breadth 
of the slender second antennal joint. The second antennal 
joint projects by more than half its length beyond the frout 
and supports the third joint (which is more than half the 
length of the second joint) and a moderately long flagellum. 

The buccal cavern gradually widens from behind forwards ; 
longitudinal ridges of endostome evanescent; ischium of 
external maxillipeds a little longer than broad and with a 
longitudinal sulcus; merus transverse, with the antero- 
external angle produced and rounded, and with a notch at 
the antero-internal angle from which the next joint springs. 

Chelipeds are shorter than legs; the inner angle of the 
wrist is produced to form a very distinct tooth or spine, and 
on the upper margin of the merus is a subdistal tooth, very 
well developed and prominent and more acute than that on 
wrist. Ambulatory legs are compressed, except the dactyli, 
which are styliform ; the third pair, which are the longest, 
are 2} times the length of the carapace, and the fourth or 
last pair are much smaller than the others. Projecting 
distally from the postero-superior margins of the coxopodites 
of the ambulatory legs are peculiar tortoise-foot-like pro- 
cesses, the distal free margin of each process being toothed 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 265 


or pectinate and reaching a fair distance along the ischio- 
podite. They are most easily seen when the legs are drawn 
away from the sides of the carapace, for these small processes, 
which are rigidly fixed to the coxopodites, then project 
dorsally —free_ and solitary. When the legs are drawn up 
towards the sides of the carapace each process lies in close 
contact with the posterior surface of the basipodite and 
ischiopodite of its own leg, and gives support to these joints 
in forward movements (legs being fixed) of the body of the 
crab. The largest process is that of the third or largest pair 
of legs. The process arises from the coxopodite immediately 
above and continuous with the usual angular projection of 
the coxopodite in the region of the hinge- -joint between 
coxo- and basipodite. 

The first two abdominal segments are very short: the 
first is very broad, but does not reach the bases of the last 
pair of legs; it 1s wedged firmly in between the posterior 
border of the carapace and the thorax. 

Colour in life dark muddy grey. 

Oiue specimen (a male of the above dimensions) was 
caught at Sta. 328, Gulf of Martaban, 61 fathoms. 

This new species differs in the following points from the 
hitherto described species :—In C. ciliata tlie outer surface of 
palm is smooth and polished ; carapace punctate and regions 
not distinguishable; third pair of ambulatory legs shorter. 
In C. areuata basal antennal joint shorter; upper margin of 
palm not cristate ; outer surface of palm smooth and naked ; 
general configuration of carapace different. In C. hispida a 
thicker coating of hairs, and hairs coarser; carapace pitted ; 
front broader; eyes deficient in pigment. In C. (?) levis 
earapace smooth and shiny; front wider; wrist and outer 
surface of palm smooth. With C. villosa and C. leptocheles 
(Zehnter) this new species has very little in common. 

C. granulosa will be figured in the next issue of ‘ Illustra- 
tious of the Zoology of B.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator.’ ” 


Fam. Palicide. 
Paxicus, Philippi. 
Palicus investigatoris, Alcock, var. 
Palicus investigatoris, Alcock, Carc. Faun. Ind., no, 6, Brach. Catom. 
p- 455. 

This variety differs from the “ type” only in the following 
characters :— 

(1) There is a small but distinct fissure towards the inner 
end of the lower border of the orbit. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 19 


266 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on Decapod Crustacea 


(2) The four teeth of the front are not equally acute ; 
the mner two are long and acute, but the outer, although 
projecting well forward, are broad, blunt, and rounded at 
the end. 

(3) The teeth on the posterior border resemble more 
those of P. serripes in being broad and blunt. 

(4) Between the sharp little tubercles on the areole of the 
carapace the surface is not smooth, but is densely and finely 
granular. 

Only a male (9 mm. long and 11 mm. broad) was obtamed, 
Sta. 291, Persian Gulf, 49-48 fathoms. 


Fam. Ptenoplacide. 
Prenopiax, Alcock and Anderson. 


Ptenoplax dentata, sp. n. 


Carapace very flat and depressed, transversely oval, and its 
antero-lateral borders dentate. Surface very finely granular 
beneath a short furry coating; front and antero-lateral 
borders with much longer hairs. Front proper is extremely 
narrow, about 4, greatest breadth of carapace ; in Jength 
about 4 greatest breadth of carapace, deflexed, and with its 
tip free, horizontal, and tapermg to a pomt—not expanded 
and bilobed as in P. notopus. Orbital and frontal borders 
together are slightly more than 4 greatest breadth of cara- 
pace; antero-lateral border is long, convex, and armed with 
3 teeth (besides the supraorbital tooth); postero-lateral 
border is convex aud smooth; posterior border proper is 
straight and raised. Regions of carapace are fairly well 
defined. The branchial regions are much depressed and less 
inflated than in P. notopus. The two transverse sutures so 
conspicuous and sharply defined in P. notopus are not 
present, but the blunt, convex, transverse ridges in which 
the sutures exist in P. notopus are here quite as prominent 
and similarly situated, the anterior passing across the cara- 
pace between the penultimate teeth of the antero-lateral 
borders. 

The side-walls of the carapace are also finely granular 
and meet the dorsal surface almost at right angles. The 
pterygostomial regions are deeply grooved and the sternum 
is pentagonal, as in P. notopus, their surface being finely 
granular. 


obtained in the Indian Seas. 267 


Male. 
mm. 
Length of carapace, including front ............ 9 
a Be BION Soe tens titi e eet 72 
Greatest breadth of carapace.............0000: 11 
CM CUE OL EMAC co Pewcls 2 oc ayia apiie eis a spel tke: © dh tp 7s 


Orbits are incomplete; their inferior border is formed by 
the basal joint of the antennule, that of the antenna, and the 
infraorbital spine. A vertical antero-posterior plane through 
the supraorbital spine passes between the basal joint of the 
antenna and the infraorbital spine. Eye-stalks are short 
and conical; the cornea (small and hemispherical) is placed 
obliquely (looking outwards) on the summit of the eye-stalk. 
The basal joint of the antennule is hugely inflated, globular, 
freely mobile, and with a finely granular surface; second 
and third joints cylindrical and comparatively slender, fold 
transversely on the swollen basal joint. The antenne arise 
on the same level with and between antennule and infraorbital 
spine, and the flagellum is about half the length of the 
carapace. 

The eyes, second joint of antennule, and the inflated basal 
antennule joint all extend outwards and reach about the 
same distance. This is a specific character of this new 
species. In P. nofopus the eyes extend outwards as far as 
the infraorbital spine, and the second antennule joint also 
extends well beyond the inflated basal joint and reaches the 
basal joint of the antenna. 

Epistome is linear ; buccal cavity is wider in front than 
behind. LEfferent branchial channels are well defined, 
patulous, and produced anteriorly. External maxillipeds are 
subpediform and leave uncovered the greater part of the 
underlying mouth-parts; the palp arises from the apex of 
the small oval merus; merus and ischium have a finely 
granular surface. 

Chelipeds are unsymmetrical in the male; both are about 
the same length, but the right is thicker in all its joints. 
Both hands are also of equal length, but they differ in the 
relative lengths of palm and fingers ; the right hand has not 
only a stouter but also a slightly longer palm than the left, 
but the latter makes up the difference by having longer 
fingers. The length of the hand, which equals that of the 
remaining part of the cheliped minus the wrist, is very 
slightly less than the length of the carapace. The smaller 
palm is compressed, the larger inflated. Fingers are longer 
than palm, compressed, acute, curved, and slightly excavated 
on the inner surface. The fingers of the smaller hand are 

Te 


268 Capt. A. C. MacGilchrist on a 


indistinctly serrated, those of the larger are coarsely dentate: 
Surface of chelipeds (except fingers) is finely granular and 
the margins of arm and wrist are fringed with long hairs. 

The first three pairs of ambulatory legs are slender, com- 
pressed, have a finely granular surface as far as the merus 
(inclusive), and end in sabre shaped dactyli; carpopodites 
and propodites are fringed with long hairs. The fourth or 
last pair of legs are small, subdorsal in position, and arise 
near the middle line of the body. 

The abdomen of the male consists of five separate segments 
—third, fourth, and fifth being fused—and has a finely 
granular surface. The abdomen corresponds very closely 
with that of P. notopus, even to the crescentic ridge on the 
sixth segment. Its breadth opposite the penultimate pair of 
legs is about a third of the breadth of the sternum at the 
same point. ‘The genital ducts open as in P. nolopus. 

Only a single specimen, and of the above dimensions, was 
obtained, trawled at Sta. 332, south-east of South Andaman 
Island, 279 fathoms. 

This specimen is of special interest, as it adds a second 
species to the hitherto solitary species—P. notopus—ot the 
family Ptenoplacicz of the Indian fauna. The two species 
resemble each other closely, but differ markedly im the 
following points:—The sculpture and outline of the front 
and carapace, especially the antero-lateral borders and the 
transverse sutures of the carapace; the orbits ; the relative 
lengths of the eyes, the second and basal joints of the 
antennules, 

Has been figured for “ Illustrations of the Zoology of 
R.I1.M.S. ‘ Investigator.’ ” 


XXVIII.—WNatural History Notes from the R.ILM.S. ‘Investi- 
gator, Capt. T. H. Heming, R.N. (retired), commanding.— 
Series III., No. 8. On a new Genus of Teleostean Fish 
closely allied to Chiasmodus, By A. C. MacGitcurist, 


M.A., M.B., Ch.B., Capt. I.M.S., Surgeon-Naturalist to 
the Marine Survey. 


Suborder Perczesoces (Boulenger). 
Fam. Chiasmodontide, Gill. 
Dysalotus Alcocki, gen. et sp. n. 
D7 4a ILL. 27) A. 27. P a 
The body is elongate and compressed; its height contained 


new Genus of Teleostean Fish. 269 


nearly eight times in the total length without the caudal. 
The head is large, low, and long, contained about 34 times in 
the same standard length. 

The snout is very long and peu be about 3 times the 
diameter of the eye and more than } the length of the head. 
The eyes are lateral, wide apart, small, and. deep-set. The 
interorbital space is more than twice the diameter of the eye, 
nearly flat from side to side, and traversed by two anteriorly 
converging ridges which enclose a V-shaped space. The 
nostrils are slightly nearer to the eye than to the tip of the 
snout. 

The mouth is very deeply cleft, reaching beyond the eyes. 
The lower jaw projects beyond the upper; no barbel. The 
mucous system of the head is well developed. 

The body is naked except the posterior half or so, which is 
furnished with minute spiny scales arranged for the most 
part in rows parallel to the lateral line ; the spinules have a 
backward inclination. 

The lateral line is single, uninterrupted, very broad, and 
conspicuous; it runs from the upper angle of the gill- 
opening to the base of the caudal, curved slightly downwards, 
and contains a row of about 41 distinct pores, 

Two separate dorsal fins: the first begins slightly posterior 
to the vertical through the base of the pectoral, and contains 
8 slender spines ; the second begins a couple of millimetres 
behind the first, is much the longer, and contains 27 rays. 
The anal is equal, opposite and similar to the second dorsal. 
Caudal symmetrically forked. Pectorals long (about half 
the length of the head) and slender, in position nearer the 
ventral than the dorsal line; all rays branched. Ventrals 
(I, 5) short (not so long as snout), inserted below the pec- 
torals, but connected only by hgament with the clavicular 
arch. 

Vent about 8 mm. in front of where the anal fin begins. 
No anal papilla; small urogenital papilla behind the vent. 

The jaws are distensible, with four series of setiform teeth, 
similar in both jaws; those of the inner rows longest; all 
movable and turned inwards. No vomerine teeth; a single 
row of small teeth—depressible backwards—on each palatine. 
Tongue free. Gull-openings very wide, with membranes 
joined only quite anteriorly. Seven branchiostegals. Gills 
four; last gill-cleft a foramen merely, Branchial arches 
weak and gill-rakers represented by small fixed and fairly 
numerous teeth similar to those of the mouth. Pseudo- 
branchiz are present. 

An air-bladder is present, but without an open duct. The 


270 Mr. W. F. Kirby on 


pyloric ceca were densely matted together and entangled 
with parasitic worms ; there were about nine ceca. Beside 
these the hepatic duct opened into the gut. Vertebre 39 
(15 abdominal and 24 caudal). Abdomen extends well 
bebind the vent into the tail. The stomach is elongate, 
cecal in shape, and empty; its inner surface presented large, 
coarse, longitudinal rugz. Liver small. 


Two strange Structures. 


1. An unobliterated yolk-sac (?).—lying free in the peri- 
toneal cavity to the right of the stomach and extending from 
the liver anteriorly to near the vent was an elongate bladder 
with a shiny pearly external coating of peritoneum. Its 
posterior end was free and broad; its anterior end was 
narrow and formed a long neck which was distinctly traced 
up to the large vessels of the liver; from these vessels a 
large branch descended along the neck, and broke up into 
smaller branches in the bladder-wall. 

2. A rectal cecum.—From the region of the pyloric exca 
there descended a cecum which entered the anterior or 
ventral surface of the rectum about 2 mm. above the vent. 
In the posterior part of its course it was in intimate con- 
nexion with the ventral aspect of the rectum. Its anterior 
relations could not be ascertained with certainty, as during 
the unravelling of the pyloric ceeca the anterior extremity of 
the cecum got broken. 

The colour in life was violet-black. 

A single specimen, about 9} inches long, was caught in the 
trawl at Sta. 315, Bay of Bengal, near the Andamans, 
705 fathoms. It has been figured and will appear in the 
next issue of the “Illustrations of the Zooiogy of the 
R.1I.M.S. ‘Investigator.’ ” 

Named after Major Alcock, F.R.S., Superintendent of 
the Indian Museum, in gratitude for the guidance and help 
he has invariably given to the Surgeon-Naturalist. 


XXIX.—List of a small Collection of Odonata (Dragonflies) 
from Ceylon, collected by Mr. FE. Ernest Green, with Notes 
on the Genus Zygonidia and its Allies, and Descriptions of 
new Species of Zygonidia, Kirb., and Onychothemis, Brauer, 
from Ceylon and Tonkin. By W. F. Kirsy, F.LS., 
F.K.S., &e. 

I nAVE lately received, through Mr. W. J. Lucas, an assort- 

ment of dragonflies collected by Mr. HK. Ernest Green, chiefly 


Odonata from Ceylon. 271 


at Kandy, in 1900 and 1901 ; and although there is but one 
new species among them, it seems worth while to give a 
complete list, because the specimens are all ticketed with 
dates and localities. A single ant-lion, not yet determined, 
but probably belonging to the genus Creagris, Hag., was 
among the dragonflies. 

Libellulidex.—Lieerrvriz. 

1. Tholymis tillarga, Fabr. 


Kandy, Dec. 1900. (2 specimens.) 


2. Pantala flavescens, Fabr. 

Caught at light, Peradeniya, Oct. 11, 1900; also at Kandy 
and Yatigantata, Nov. 1909. (3 specimens.) 
3. Neurothemis tullia, Dru. 


Kandy, Nov. and Dec. 1900. (2 specimens.) 


4. Trithemis aurora, Burm. 


Peradeniya, June 1900; Kandy, Dec. 1900. (4 specimens.) 


5. Brachythemis contaminata, Fabr. 
Kandy, Dec. 1900. (18 specimens.) 


6. Macrodiplax vittata, Kirb. 


Ramisaram Island, 8. India. (1 specimen.) 
7. Zygonidia ceylonica, Kirb., sp. n. (¢nfra). 
Kandy, Feb. 1901. 


8. Orthetrum sabina, Dru. 
Peradeniya, June 1900; Kandy, Nov. and Dec. 1900. 


(4 specimens. ) 
9. Orthetrum pruinosum, Burm. 


Kandy, Nov. and Dec. 1900. (4 specimens.) 


10. Diplacodes trivialis, Ramb. 
Ban? Nov. 1900; Peradeniya and Jaffera, March 1901. 
(4 specfnens.) 
11. Acisoma panorpoides, Ramb. 


Kandy, 1900. (1 specimen.) 


272 Mr. W. F. Kirby on 


Agrionide.— A Grioninz. 


12. Neurobasis chinensis, Linn. 


Hangam, Nov. 1900; Kandy, Feb. 1901. (4 specimens.) 


13. Vestalis apicalis, Selys. 
Matale, March 1900; Kandy, Nov. and Dec. 1900. (13 
specimens.) 
14. Micromerus finalis, Selys. 
Kandy, Nov. 1900. (2 specimens.) 


Agrionida.— Cawacrionin Zz. 
15. Platysticta tropica, Selys. 
(Kandy ?), Nov. £900. (1 specimen.) 


16. Disparoneura cesia, Selys. 


Kandy, Nov. and Dec. 1900. (5 specimens.) 


17. Micronympha senegalensis, Ramb. 
Ramisaram Island, 8. India. (1 specimen.) 


18. Micronympha aurora, Brauer. 
Kandy, Dec. 1900. (1 specimen.) 


19. Archibasis ceylonica, Kirb. 
Jaffera, March 1901. (2 specimens.) 


Notes on the Genus Zygonidia, Kirb., and its Allies. 


Since I founded this genus (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. 
pp. 533, 540, 1900) for Zygonidia insignis, Kirb., from 
Hainan, several additional notes have been published. 
Mr. Laidlaw has described another species from Malacca, 
and the Natural History Museum has received four specimens 
from Tonkin and Ceylon, referable to undescribed species. 

Kriiger has discussed Zygonya (Neurocera) ida, Selys, and 
considers Zygonyx ida and Z, iris too close to foym more 
than separate sections in one genus (Stett. ent. Zeit. Ixiii. 
pp. 110-118, 1902). 

In Pseudomacromia torrida, Kirb., the front ridge of the 
middle and hind femora is armed with numerous short spines, 


Odonata from Ceylon. 273 


directed towards the knee, and becoming rather longer towards 
the extremity of the femora, where they are followed by 
three or four long sete. The front carina of the front 
femora and the hind carina of the hind femora are also armed 
with extremely fine teeth. 

The genus Pseudomacromia must therefore be placed in the 
immediate neighbourhood of Zygonidia, though the claws are 
not bifid, but dentated *. 


I add here a list of the described species of Zygonidia, with 
descriptions of new species from Ceylon and Tonkin. 


Genus ZyconrptA, Kirb. 


Zygonidia, Kirb, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. pp. 532,540 (June 
1900), 


1. Zygonidia insignis, Kirb. 
Zygonidia insignis, Kirb. 1. c. pp. 533, 540, pl. xii. fig. 1 (June 1900). 
Hab. Hainan. 


2. Zygonidia malayana, Laidlaw. 


Zygonidia malayana, Laidlaw, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1902, i. pp. 78-75, 
tig. 11 (femur). 


Hab. Kwala Aring, Malay Peninsula. 


3. Zygonidia ceylonica, Kirb., sp. n. 


3 .—Long. corp. 57 mm.; exp. al. ant. 102 mm.,, lat. 
9 mm., long. pter. 2 mm.; lat. al. post. 14 mm., long. 
pter. 3 mm. 

?.—Long. corp. 55 mm.; exp. al. ant. 105 mm., lat. 
11 mm., long. pter. 3 mm.; lat. al. post. 16 mm., long. 
pter. 8 mm. 

Male.—Head: upper part rich purple, sides of frons and 
gene yellow; the rest of the face dull bluish black, except 
the mentum, which is shining black, bordered on the sides 
and front with yellow. Occiput black. Thorax and abdo- 
men black above, with three yellowish spots on the median 
line between the wings; a strong carina, narrowly lined 
with yellowish, on segments 2-8 of the abdomen. Pleura 
greenish blue, with broad yellow sutures; first two abdo- 
minal segments with a small yellow spot on each side. Legs 
blackish ; femora with numerous short spines directed towards 


* Cf. Sjostedt, Bihang Svenska Akad. xxv, (4: 2) pp. 23-26 (1900). 


274 Mr. W. F. Kirby on 


the knee, probably followed in perfect specimens by 3 or 4 
long cilia. 

Abdomen slightly dilated at base; terminal appendages 
about as long as the eighth segment, which is shorter than 
the seventh, which again is shorter than the sixth. Upper 
appendages of usual form, waved and pointed; lower one 
nearly as long, broad at base, with the narrowed extremity 
turned upward ; below the basal half is a large oval excres- 
cence, preceded by a tubercle on the under surface of the 
eighth segment. 

Wings clear hyaline; pterostigmata, as in all the genus, 
dark brown; front wings with 16 antenodal cross-nervures, 
the last discontinuous on the left-hand side, and 9-11 post- 
nodals in the upper space, the postnodals rarely coinciding 
with those in the lower; cells beyond the pterostigma single ; 
nodal sector undulating, arched strongly downwards at 
the extremity ; a single row of cells between the nodal and 
subnodal sectors, except close to the margin; two cross- 
nervures in the lower basal cell; triangle with one cross- 
nervure above the middle, and followed by three rows of 
cells, increasing towards the margin; subtriangular space © 
consisting of 3 cells ; upper sector of the triangle rising from 
its apex, the lower rising considerably beneath it. 

Hind wings with 11 antenodals and 11 postnodals; 1 
nervure in the lower basal cell; base of triangle distinctly 
nearer the base of the wing than the arculus, and its point 
not extending to the level of the triangle of the fore wings. 
Triangle traversed, followed by one row of 3 cells and one or 
two rows of 2 increasing ; sectors of the triangle rising from 
a point. 

All the wings rather pointed, owing to their rapid contrac- 
tion beyond the point where the sectors of the arculus reach 
the margin. Membranule small, especially on the fore wings, 
greyish brown, whitish towards the base. 

Female.—Head : metallic green above ; face and mentum 
as in the male, but more broadly and brightly yellow on the 
sides, and no yellow in front of the mentum. [yes brown 
above, broadly reddish in front and at the sides, which is 
only faintly visible in the male. 

'‘horax and abdomen black above, with 3 yellow median 
spots between the wings, and a slender yellow line on the 
carina from the second to the seventh segment of the abdo- 
men. Pleura with 38 broad yellow bands, separated by 2 
green ones ; first and second segments of abdomen with the 
transverse carinze yellow, a large yellow trapezoidal lateral 


Odonata from Ceylon. 275 


spot on the first and a long one on the second. Denticulation 
of femora rather finer than in the male. 

Wings of a slightly yellowish hyaline; front wings with 
16 antenodal nervures on the right side, the last discon- 
tinuous ; 15 continuous ones on the left side; 11 postnodals 
on the right side in the upper space and 10 on the left ; 
membranule whitish, very narrow ; otherwise as in the male. 
Hind wings with 11 antenodals and 10 or 11 postnodals ; 
otherwise as in the male. 

Hab. Kandy, Feb. 1901 (EZ. £. Green). Two specimens, 
g and, 2. 

Distinct from all the other species before me by the com- 
paratively short pterostigma. 


4, Zygonidia enea, Kirb., sp. n. 


3 .—Long. corp. 54 mm.; exp. al. ant. 97 mm., lat. 
10 mm., long. pter. 4 mm.; lat. al. post. 12 mm., long. 
pter. 3g mm. 

?.—Long. corp. 57 mm.; exp. al. ant. 110 mm., lat. 
11 mm., long. pter. 5 mm. ; lat. al. post. 15 mm., long. 
pter. 45 mm. 

Male.—Head purple above; frontal ocellus very con- 
spicuous, yellow; face black, with a slight greenish tinge ; 
the gene, the lower border of the frons, and the rhinarium 
yellowish ; mentum broadly bordered with yellow at the 
sides. 

Thorax brown above, dull yellowish on the sides, with 
two broad bronzy-green bands in front above and two on the 
pleura on each side. Abdomen bronzy black above, 3 interalary 
spots on thorax, and narrow yellow lines on abdominal carina, 
as in Z. ceylonica. Base of abdomen slightly inflated, dull 
yellow on the sides as far as the base of the fourth segment, 
crossed by broad black lines at the end of each segment, and 
a narrower one on the carina of the second segment. Legs 
black, the femoral denticulation very fine. 

Wings of a slightly yellowish hyaline, and very slightly 
clouded at the tips; tront wings with 16 antenodal cross- 
nervures, the last discontinuous, the fifth on the right-hand 
side V-shaped, and 9 or 10 postnodals; the postnodals in the 
upper space rarely corresponding with those in the lower; 
cells beyond the pterostigma single ; nodal sector undulating, 
arched strongly downward at the extremity; a single row of 
cells between the nodal and subnodal sectors, except irregu- 
larly towards the margin ; two cross-nervures in the lower 


276 Mr. W. F. Kirby on 


basal cell, triangle with a cross-nervure just above the 
middle, and followed by three rows of cells, only increasing 
towards the margin, subtriangular space consisting of 3 cells ; 
upper sector of the triangle rising from its extremity, the 
latter separated, and rising considerably below. 

Hind wings with 11-12 antenodal and 10-11 postnodal 
cross-nervures ; fwo cross-nervures in the lower basal cell; 
triangle with 1 or 2 cross-nervures, its base somewhat nearer 
the base of the wing than the arculus, and its apex not 
extending to the level of the triangle of the front wings. 
Triangle followed by one row of 3 cells, and several rows of 
2 increasing ; sectors rising from a point. 

Membranules smoky grey, that of the hind wings followed 
by a smoky shade over the cells which immediately border it. 

Female.—Upper part of the head bronzy green, with the 
conspicuous yellow frontal ocellus; face from the lower part 
of the frons to the rhinarium inclusive yellow, except for 
very narrow black sutures; below this to the mentum bronzy 
black, except a yellow spot at the base of the mandibles ; 
mentum black in the middle, with the sides broadly yellow. 
Thorax and pleura nearly as in the male, but the pleura 
brighter yellow, and marked with 3 black depressed spots : 
2 higher ones just in front of each of the metallic-green 
bands, and 1 lower one a little behind the first pleural green 
band. Interalary spots dark yellow, much larger than in the 
male, and a much broader stripe of the same colour, expanded 
on the front segments, running over the carina of the abdomen 
to the end of the seventh segment; the slightly inflated 
basal segments are mostly of the same colour, which is con- 
tinued by a row of long lateral spots, gradually shortening, 
as far as the seventh segment. Legs bronzy black, femora 
finely denticulated, and with terminal sete ; front femora 
pale beneath. 

Wings rather deeper-coloured than in the male, and more 


t=) . . . 
clouded towards the tips. Fore wings with 16-17 antenodal 


cross-nervures, the last discontinuous, and 10-11 postnodais. 
Nodal sector more arched towards the extremity than in the 
male, the space between the nodal and subnodal sectors thus 
widening considerably just before the extremity, where it 
again contracts. ‘Triangle crossed by one or two cross- 
nervures ; lower basal cell with two cross-nervures ; mem- 
branule small, brown; other characters as in the male. 

Hind wings with 1L antenodal and 11 or 12 postnodal 
nervures, One cross-nervure only in the lower basal cell! ; 
triangle traversed by 1 nervure ; membranule brown, as are 


Odonata from Ceylon. Did 


also the immediately adjacent cells ; other characters as in 
the male. 

Hab. Tonkin (Lruhstorfer). 

Allied to Z. tnsignis, of which the female is unknown. 
The male is very distinct from any other described species of 
Zygonidia by possessing two cross-nervures in the lower basal 
cell of the hind wings. The female has but one, as usual. 


Genus NEUROCENA, Kirb. 
Neurocena, Kirb. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 541 (1990). 


Neurocena ida, Hagen. 


Zygonyx ida, Hagen & De Selys, &e. (ef. Kirb. 7. ¢.). 
Neurocena ida, Kirb. 1. ¢,; Laidlaw, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1902, i. 
p. 72, pl. v. fig. 1. 
Another specimen ( ¢) from Province Wellesley is now in 
the Natural History Museum. 


Genus ONYCHOTHEMIS, Brauer. 
Onychothemis, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. pp. 170, 365, 
732 (1868) ; Kirb. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 258, 284 (1889). 

Two species only have been described in this remarkable 
genus :-—O. abnormis, Brauer (//. cc.), from the Philippines, 
and O. testacea, Laidlaw (P. Z. 8. 1902, 1. pp. 75, 76, fig. 12 
(leg), and pl. v. fig. 2), from Malacea. Libellula hova, 
Ramb., from Madagascar, doubtfully referred to Onycho- 
themis by Brauer and Kirby, is now referred by Karsch and 
Calvert to Pseudomacromia, Karsch (nec Kirb.). 

I have just discovered a specimen of a third and extremely 
handsome species in the Natural History Museum which 
resembles Zygonidia in neuration (last antenodal discon- 
tinuous, triangle of the fore wings placed beyond the level of 
that of the hind wings, base of triangle of hind wings nearer 
the base of wings than the arculus), but differs from it entirely 
by the great spines on the femora and tibia and the simple 
claws. There is no carina on the fourth segment. 


Onychothemis notabilis, Kirb., sp. n. 


Long. corp. 54 mm.; exp. al. ant. 100 mm., lat. 11 mm., 
long. pter. 45 mm.; lat. al. post. 13 mm., long. pter. 4 mm. 

Kemale.-—Head metallic green above, with the ocelli con- 
spicuously yellow; face black, lower border of frons, upper 
border of nasus, and rhinarium dull yellow, also gene and 


278 On Odonata from Ceylon. 


base of mandibles; mentum black, sides yellow ; occiput 
black, occipital triangle and two spots behind each eye 
yellow ; a yellow transverse band on back of collar; thorax 
and abdomen black, thorax with a conspicuous median line ; 
-pleura greenish bronzy, with three rather narrow oblique 
yellow stripes, the first shortest and followed below by a 
curved yellow stripe above the middle coxe; interalary 
spaces spotted with yellow ; abdomen very slightly inflated at 
base, with no longitudinal line above, but with a yellow spot 
in front of the second segment, the sutures from the second to 
the fifth segments and the carina of the third segment narrowly 
yellow; a row of large lateral spots, divided by the carinz, 
from the third to the seventh segments, a small one below 
the carina on the eighth, and an additional spot, bisected by 
a dark line, on each side of the median carina on segments 
6 and 7. Legs black; front femora denticulated beneath, 
and with 1 long spine towards the extremity on the inner 
side ; tibiz setose beneath, with 5 long spines diminishing in 
length on the outer side, and 2 or 3 shorter ones on the inner ; 
middle and hind femora with rows of spines, increasing in 
length towards the extremity and longest on the hind 
femora ; middle tibie with 4 and hind tibie with 5 pairs of 
long oblique spines, not quite symmetrical. Claws large, 
curved, not toothed or bifid. 

Wings yellowish hyaline, slightly smoky at the tips, 
neuration black; pterostigma very dark reddish brown ; 
front wings with 16 or 17 antenodal cross-nervures, the last 
not continuous, and 10-11 postnodal cross-nervures ; nodal 
sector much waved, one row of cells between the nodal and 
subnodal sectors, increasing towards the margin ; sectors of 
the arculus rising at two thirds of its length; one cross- 
nervure in the lower basal cell; triangle traversed slightly 
above the middle, placed beyond the level of that of the 
hind wings, regular, and tollowed by 3 rows of post- 
triangular cells; subtriangular space consisting of 3 cells. 
Membranule of moderate size, grey, as also on the hind wings. 

Hind wings with 10 antenodal and 11-12 postnodal cross- 
nervures ; triangle open (the base placed nearer the base of 
the wing than thearculus), followed by one row of 3 cells and 
then by rows of 2 or 3 increasing; sectors of the triangle 
rising in a point at its lower angle. 

flab, Tonkin (Fruhstorfer). 

A single female specimen of this handsome species. 


On a new Species of Palophus from West Africa. 279 


XXX.—Description of a new Species of Palophus (Phasmide) 
from West Africa. By W. F. Kirsy, F.L.S., F.E.S. 


LArGeE Phasmide are probably numerous in Africa, but they 
are at present usually received only as single unpaired 
specimens, and are very little known. Herewith I describe 
a male specimen lately received from West Africa, allied to 
Palophus centaurus of Westwood, and associate with it, with 
some slight hesitation, a specimen which has been in the 
Natural History Museum for some years, included in the 
series of P, centaurus, from which it appears to be distinct, 
though the differences are less salient than in the male. 


Palophus Alldridgei, sp. n. 


Dimensions (3). 


mm 
ones Corporisers. <i) sah oe fees (circa) 190 
jp CAPLURS Fae) AG Sette: Be 5 
Fhe COMMU SS cutis Peat ght whyeveeaa eee 2 5 
a PE OO la ra stale a of cae sue. a eats aco s Mepacn 7 
ee ea RCC SUL OUES cen can afSie ors ce vane or ae ges 27 
SPP RINCLANOUIE Wet crete hee cne te ee 10 
MeSCe MMe. i/h sae Le eA ee 13 
Pop MBUCE INN... creo Noho Hapayet Ve) erate eoahe 16 
GG lls eto ane tages Sie Rite acacia 190 
Long. fem. ant. ..... miphevatsastintias sisye-a™s 51 
e ag) EMOUS! oye aces ra CCEA 358 
55 of PORbiter. sir Se dike sine ake 5 45 
Dimensions (?). 
mm. 
MOG CON PONS 9 essjo. 4 via oe oa ath ss eda 230 
oad GAR MGIT e ae te wena tee tenses icra 8 
spit COLIN 5 ols ratte Praia cre re ice neveiere 9 
ro WEPLONO CH aoe eustssi qa ee tee Se seeing 
CHONG Uae | festa? vt emer ere 44 
Ge TI CRATIOULS © 5 fo h.c a obey cyanea, kot eats 15 
PEPE EN TITE Ue fer oy 0-8 crite eacetatevel of axel one 20 
+ WEBCT Adpodo aenenucId or - 25 
Bplay 3: {prasesie ws. 2itido.ettapresa3!h 75 
Wome sera OG: 4 ai ryshets: ois eisy's etna eels « 63 
‘a 7 RECT BE Pa ees See ree “45 
fe Pm DOSUstna cretas ox. Sees Goan oo cla) 


Male.—A\most uniform wood-brown. Head witha double 
laminated crest, slightly oblique, trifid above, and slightly 
dentated in front ; behind itis a short, pointed, conical tubercle 
on each side, and several smaller pointed tubercles. Median 


280 Ona new Species of Palophus from West Africa. 


segment trifid, with the middle section pointed in front, as in 
P. centaurus $. Front femora and tibie hardly curved, 
the others more or less so; four hinder tibie with an oval 
lamella near the extremity above, which is rudimentary on 
the front tibia ; middle femora with a large single or double 
laminated and rectangular projection near the base ; right- 
hand tibia with a small tooth on the under surface just beyond 
the lamella. Tegmina brown, blackish in the middle, with 
ill-defined white spaces towards the base, and near the middle 
of the costa. Coriaceous portion of the wings wood-brown, 
with blackish, occasionally interrupted, lines on the longitu- 
dinal nervures. Membranous portion of the wing hyaline, 
nearly the apical third (from about one third of the length on 
the costal side to about two fifths of the length of the hind 
margin) reticulated with light brown, and large partly con- 
nected white spots and markings, irregularly arranged in 
rows. ‘The inner oblique border of this tessellated area 
becomes indistinct and irregular, fading into the hyaline 
pertion of the wing. 

Hab. Bonthe, Sherbro, W. C. Africa. 

This specimen was found by Mr. T. J. Alldridge (after whom 
I have named it at his request) in his bedroom at Bonthe, and 
kindly presented by him to the Museum. The male is allied 
to Palophus centaurus, Westw., but longer, more slender, and 
with variegated wings. From P. hippotaurus, Karsch (which, 
judging from the description, I refer to Bactrododema, Stal), 
which it resembles in wing-coloration, it differs by its unarmed 
thorax. ‘he males of P. centaurus in the Museum have the 
tips of the wings only slightly clouded, much less so than in 
the insect described and figured by Brongniart (Nouv. Arch. 
Mus. Paris, (3) ili. p. 197, pl. viii., 1892), which has the outer 
subcostal area of the wings tessellated, and perhaps belongs 
neither to P. centaurus nor to P, Alldridget. The exact 
locality of Brongniart’s specimen is not stated. 

Female.—Light greyish brown ; head with an erect double 
lamellated crest, tridentate above and slightly dentated in 
front ; behind its base are two rows of raised spines on each 
side, the front and inner ones longest. Mesothorax with a 
short black dash on each side about the middle, but asym- 
metrical. Abdomen with a slight double lamella on the fifth 
segment. Front femora with a row of undulated lamelle 
above and two near the middle on the outer side; tibiae with 
three more distinct double ones on the outer and two smaller 
ones on the inner side (tarsi wanting). Middle and hind 
femora and tibiz much arched, the femora with a large 
lamella above and below near the base; tibiae with several 


On new West-African Frogs. 281 


small and ixregular lamelle. Tegmina wood-brown, more 
strongly humped than in the male, blackish on the hump, and 
whitish towards the base. Wings as in the male, except 
that the whole membranous area is brown, tessellated with 
irregular rows of large subhyaline spots. 

flab. W. Africa (Swanzy). 

In the true P. centaurus the wings of the female are 
blackish, with the subhyaline spots much more numerous, 
much smaller, less confluent, and more regular. 


XXXI.—Descriptions of new West-African Frogs of the 
Genera Petropedetes and Bulua. By G. A. BOULENGER, 
F.R.S. 


A FEW years ago* I had occasion to offer some remarks on 
the genus Petropedetes, Reichenow, and pointel out the 
differential characters of the three species then known, all 
three from West Africa, viz. P. cameronensts, Reichen., the 
type of the genus, with the toes half-webbed and the tym- 
panum half the diameter of the eye; P. Johnstont, Blgr., with 
a mere rudiment of web between the toes, and the tympanum 
half the diameter of the eye ; and P. (Zympanoceros) Newtont, 
Bocage, with a mere rudiment of web between the toes and 
with a very large tympanum, remarkable for the presence, in 
the male, of a dermal appendage projecting from its centre. 
I have since received examples of two new species, differing 
from those previously described in the fully webbed toes, 
and for these I propose the names P. natator and P. palmipes ; 
the former is from Sierra Leone, the latter from South 
Cameroon. Tlie genus Bulwa was described by me quite 
recently + for a new frog from South Cameroon, B. ventri- 
marmorata ; a second species, from the same country, may 
now be added, and is here described as B. albiventris. 


Petropedetes natator. 


Tongue rather feebly notched behind, without conical 
papilla. Vomerine teeth in two small groups close together 
behind the level of the choanze. Head strongly depressed, a 
little broader than long; snout rounded, shorter than the 


* P. Z. S. 1900, p. 439. 
+ Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiii. 1904, p. 262. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 20 


282 On new West-African Frogs. 


orbit, with obtuse canthi and nearly vertical, concave lores ; 
interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum 
moderately distinct, barely half the diameter of the eye. 
Fingers moderately elongate, much depressed, with large, 
cordiform terminal disks; first finger shorter than second ; 
toes rather short, broadly webbed to the disks, which are a 
little smaller than those of the fingers; subarticular and 
inner metatarsal tubercles feebly prominent. The tibio-tarsal 
articulation reaches to between the eye and the tip of the snout ; 
tibia half as long as head and body; foot about two fifths 
length of head and body. Upper parts closely covered with 
round granules intermixed with elongate warts; lower parts 
smooth. Male with internal vocal sacs, a sharp tooth-like 
process at the symphysial extremity of each ramus of the 
mandible, and a more or less distinct large oval gland on the 
lower side of the thigh. Olive-brown above, with round 
darker spots on the body and cross-bars on the limbs; lower 
parts brown. 

From snout to vent 55 mm. 

Several specimens’ from Sierra Leone, presented to the 
British Museum by Major F. Smith, R.A.M.C. 

Major Smith informs me the specimens were taken from a 
mountain torrent in a rocky bed at an altitude of 800 feet. 
The frog is a powerful swimmer and jumper, and clings to 
rocks, roots of trees, &c. by means of its digital disks. 


Petropedetes palmipes. 


Tongue rather feebly notched behind, with a conical papilla 
in the middle. Vomerine teeth in two short transverse or 
oblique series behind the level of the choane. Head strongly 
depressed, as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, a little 
shorter than the orbit, with obtuse canthi and very oblique 
concave lores; interorbital space narrower than the upper 
eyelid ; tympanum rather indistinct, about one third the 
diameter of the eye. Fingers rather elongate, with large, 
cordiform terminal disks; first finger shorter than second ; 
toes moderately elongate, webbed to the disks, which are a 
little smaller than those of the fingers; subarticular and inner 
metatarsal tubercles feebly prominent. ‘The tibio-tarsal 
articulation reaches beyond the tip of the snout ; tibia three 
fifths to two thirds as long as head and body; foot nearly 
half as long as head and body. Skin shagreened or glandular 
above; a more or less distinct glandular line along the 
middle of the head and body; lower parts smooth. Male 
with internal vocal sacs and a well-defined large oval gland 


Snakes in the Museums of Lund and Malmié. 283 


on the lower side of the thigh. Dark olive above, spotted or 
marbled with darker and lighter ; limbs with broad dark and 
narrow light cross-bars ; lower parts dirty white. 

From snout to vent 53 mm. 

Several specimens from Efulen, South Cameroon, collected 
by Mr. G. L. Bates. 


Bulua albiventris. 


Series of vomerine teeth nearly straight, widely separated 
in the middle, and not extending outwards beyond the choana. 
Head much depressed, broader than long; snout short, 
rounded ; no canthus rostralis; eye moderate ; interorbital 
region about once and a half as broad as the upper eyelid ; 
tympanum very indistinct, its diameter about half that of the 
eye. Fingers short, with slightly swollen tips, first and 
second equal; toes moderate, the tips dilated into small 
disks ; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles feebly 
prominent. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the posterior 
border of the eye. Skin smooth. Dark brown or black 
above, with small round white spots on the sides ; hind limb 
with light spots or marblings; lower parts white, throat 
sometimes marbled with brown. 

From snout to vent 25 mm. 

Three specimens from Kfulen, South Cameroon, collected 


by Mr. G. L. Bates. 


XXXII.—Remarks on Mr, N. Rosén’s List of the Snakes 
in the Zoological Museums of Lund and Malmo. By 
G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S. 


THE naming of snakes from descriptions is a difficult task 
for beginners, who should not be encouraged to publish 
descriptions of so-called new species, which only go to swell 
the synonymy. ‘There is no book in existence by the aid of 
which the difficulties connected with the study of the den- 
tition can be entirely overcome, and I doubt whether such a 
book will ever be written. I have done my best to supply a 
guide to the determination of snakes (‘ Catalogue of Snakes 
in the British Museum,’ 1893-1896), and that it does not 
work in the hands of some students, as evidenced by 
Mr. Rosén’s paper published in the last number of these 
‘Annals, 1 deeply regret. 
20* 


284 Canon A. M. Norman and Dr. T. Scott on 


Of the new species described the types of only two are 
figured with sufficient clearness to be recognizable, and both 
these prove to be identical with quite common species. 
Coluber fasciatus of Rosén is based on a Drymobius Bod- 
daertit, var. Rappii, Gthr., and the snake from Java named 
after Prof. Lilljeborg, and for which a new genus is proposed 
under the preoccupied name Anisodon, is a Psammodynastes 
pulverulentus. Probably many of the other determinations, 
if they were looked into by a competent herpetologist, would 
be found to be unreliable. 

There is, however, one case in which the identification 
cannot be questioned, and that is the common Chrysopelea 
ornata figured on pl. xi. fig. 1. Of this snake I have 
examined the vertebra in several specimens, in spirit or 
prepared as skeletons, and I cannot find more than a keel 
under the posterior precaudal vertebree, which are figured by 
Mr. Rosén as with strongly developed hypapophyses (p. 171, 
fig. d). As this snake is quite common in collections, and 
the necessary examination can easily be made on a spirit- 
specimen, L would invite any reader who may be interested 
in this matter to verify my statement. 


XXXIIW.—Crustaeca Copepoda new to Science from Devon 
and Corneall. By Canon A. M. Norman, F.R.S., and 
Tuomas Scorr, LL.D., F.L.S. 


WE are preparing for publication a catalogue of the Crustacea 
of Devon and Cornwall. In that catalogue, while both 
authors are concerned in the whole, Dr. Scott will more 
especially undertake the part which relates to the free-lving 
Copepoda, while the rest of the Crustacea will be chiefly 
treated of by Canon Norman. We have thought it desirable 
to publish the following preliminary descriptions of some new 
species of minute Copepoda. They were collected by Canon 
Norman during visits to the Devon and Cornish coasts in the 


years 1875, 1884, 1889, 1903, and 1904. 


Genus STENHELIA, Boeck, 1864. 
Stenhelia pygmea, sp. n. 


Description of the female—Body moderately stout and 
tapering slightly towards the posterior end. The specimen 
from which the description is prepared was only :36 mm. 


new Crustacea from Devon and Cornwall. 285 


(about ;1, of an inch) in length and carried a single mode- 
rately large ovisac ; the forehead is produced into a small 
but distinct rostrum. 

Antenuules short, eight-jointed, first and second joints 
large, the fourth to the seventh very small; the third and 
last are subequal and also small, but rather lar ger than the 
intermediate joints, as in the formula— 


Proportional lengths of the joints ....... itn LOM ZO Se hey ord. 
Numbers of the joints from proximalend of antennulee 1 2 38 4 5 : 7 


Outer ramus of posterior antenne small and triarticulate. 
Mandible-palp moderately steut, with two small branches. 
Second maxillipeds not very robust, and armed with slender 
elongated terminal claws. 

Inner branches of first pair of legs slender and considerably 
longer than the outer branches, the first joint only slightly 
longer than the last, while the middle joint is rather more 
than half the length of the first ; the outer branches reach to 
near the end of the middle joint of the inner branches. 
Second, third, and fourth legs also slender; the outer branches 
of the fourth legs are only slightly longer than the inner. 
Fifth pair of legs small: primary joint broadly subtriangular, 
but with the apex truneated and bearing three sete of nearly 
equal length and one about the same length as the others 
near the distal end of the inner margin. Secondary branch 
moderately narrow, subcylindrical, tapering slightly towards 
the distal extremity; breadth scarcely equal to half the 
length; apex slightly produced in the middle to form the 
base for a slender seta; a slender seta springs from near the 
distal end of the inner margin, and there are also about four 
sete on the outer margin, the two lower ones being stouter 
than the others. 

Furcal joints very short. 

Hub. Dredged near Kddystone Lighthouse, Aug. 3lst, 
1901 ; apparently not common. No males observed. 

The small size of the female, the peculiar structure of 
antennules, of the first pair of legs, and the form and arma- 
ture of the last pair distinguish this from any other known to 
us. This species has recently been observed in dredged 
material from the Firth of Forth. 


Stenhelia simulans, sp. n. 


Description of the female.—The female of this species has 
a general resemblance to Stenhelia ima, G. S. Brady. An- 
tennules eight-jointed, moderately stout, scarcely so elongated 


286 Canon A. M. Norman and Dr. T. Scott on 


as those of S. éma; the first four joints are together equal 
to about twice the entire length of the last four; first, second, 
and fourth joints subequal, but the second rather longer than 
the other two; third about half the length of the second and 
nearly equal to the last ; the fifth, sixth, and seventh small, 
as shown in the formula— 


Proportional lengths of the joints.. 20.26.12. 20 


ee 
Numbers of the joints............ 1 2.3) 474 7 ; 


8 


Antenne nearly as in S. ima; outer ramus small, tri- 
articulate, 

Second maxillipeds moderately stout; second joint about 
twice as long as broad, having a series of minute bristles 
arranged horizontally on the lateral aspect and near the 
middle, and with a small but distinct seta on the inner margin 
and towards the distal end; terminal claw moderately 
slender, 

First pair of natatory legs moderately slender; the outer 
branches reach to about the end of the first joint of the inner, 
and the exterior spines are slender and elongated; each of 
the three joints fringed with minute cilia on the outer margin ; 
first and second joints with also a number of delicate cilia on 
the inner margin; inner branches have the first joint rather 
longer than the entire length of the second and third, while 
the end joint is fully twice the length of the middle one. 
The last pair are somewhat similar to those of S. ima, but 
the secondary joints are proportionally broader, being about 
half as broad as long ; there is also a slight difference in the 
armature, 

Hab. Dredged near Chequer Buoy in the neighbourhood 
of Plymouth, Aug. 14th, 1903; apparently not common. 

The more important differences between the species just 
described and S. dma, which it resembles, are found in the 
proportional lengths of the joints of the antennules, the 
greater proportional length of the outer branches of the first 
pair of legs, and in the secondary joints of the fifth pair being 
proportionally broader. 


i> 
6 


Stenhelia neglecta, sp. n. 


Description of the female.—This species is moderately 
slender and about *8 mm. in length. Rostrum moderately 
elongated and slender. ‘The antennules resemble those of 
Stenhclia ima in length and number of joints, but the lengths 
of the joints differ as shown by the formula— 


Proportional lengths of the joints.. 14.8.6.10.2 
1 5 


: +2.4.3.7 
Numbers of the joints: .....+.... L258 as Se a 


new Crustacea from Devon and Cornwall. 287 


Outer ramus of the antennex small and apparently triartica- 
late, but the middle articulation is minute and somewhat 
indistinct. 

First pair of legs slender; inner branclies moderately 
elongated; first joint about as long as the entire outer 
branch, while the second and third are about half the length 
of the first, the middle joint being very small. The next 
three pairs are also slender and elongated; the inner branches 
of the fourth pair, which are somewhat shorter than the outer, 
are provided with a moderately long plumose seta near the 
middle of the inner margin of each of the three joints, two 
similar sete and a small spine spring from the apex of the 
last joint. The fifth pair are of moderate size; inner portion 
of primary joint narrow, subtriangular, and provided with a 
seta and two moderately stout spines on the inner margin 
and two sete at the apex; the secondary joint, which is 
rather narrow, subcylindrical for about three fourths of its 
length, then tapering obliquely to the pointed extremity, 
extends considerably beyond the end of the primary branch, 
and is furnished with two sete on the distal half of the inner 
margin, two on the onter margin, and one at the apex. 

Furcal joints very short. 

Hab. Dredged at Salcombe in 1875, and in Mill Bay, 
Plymouth, among alge, in August 1903. 

‘This may be distinguished from other described species by 
the structure of the slender first pair of natatory legs and the 
peculiar form of the female fi‘th pair. 


Stenhelia varians, sp. 0. 


In this species the female closely resembles Stenhelia 
neglecta, just described, but differs in the following more or 
less important particulars :—The first four joints of the eight- 
jointed antennules are together nearly three times the entire 
length of the last four; the second joint is the longest and is 
more than twice the length of the third, while the fourth is 
about one and a half times longer than the same joint; the 
next three joints are very small and subequal, but the end 
joint is about as long as the combined lengths of the two 
preceding ones, as indicated by the formula— 


~“] 


wae 
6 


ori es) 
“I 


O! 


. 
— 


Proportional lengths of the joints.. 8.17.8.12. 
Numbers of the joints..,......... 1 3. 4 


The outer rami of the second antenne are triarticulate, 
the middle joint being the smallest. The mouth-organs and 
natatory legs are similar to those of S. neglecta. ‘Vhe fifth 


288 Canon A. M. Norman and Dr. T. Scott on 


pair also resemble in some respects those of the species 
referred to, but differ somewhat in form and armature; the 
primary joints terminate in a narrower apex, and on the 
Inner margin there are short and subeqnal sete and two 
slender terminal sete of unequal length; the space that sepa- 
rates this pair of setee from the nearest of the other three is 
distinctly wider than that which separates these three from 
one another; the secondary joints are subovate and nearly 
twice as long as broad; the outside edge is nearly straight, 
but the inner is broadly convex; a seta springs from near 
the middle of the outer margin and four from the angularly 
rounded extremity of the joint. 

Fureal joints short. 

Hab. Dredged outside the harbour at Fowey, Cornwall, 
May 12th, 1903; not common. No males were observed. 


Stenhelia longirostris, sp. n. 


The form we describe under this name was dredged at 
Salcombe in 1875. It is not unlike S. reflew1, T. Scott, in 
its general appearance and in the structure of some of its 
appendages ; it is, however, a smaller species, the specimen 
from which the description was prepared measured about 
*o8 mm. (,'5 of an inch) in length. Body subcylindrical, 
with the forehead produced into an elongated and_ rather 
slender rostrum. ‘The first joint of the eight-jointed an- 
tennules in the female is slightly longer than the second and 
nearly twice as long as the third joint; the fourth, which is 
also rather longer than the third, has the upper distal angle 
produced forward to near the end of the following joint to 
form the base of a long sensory filament; the fifth, sixth, and 
seventh joints are small and nearly equal in length, while the 
last is about twice the length of the preceding one. The 


formula shows approximately the proportional lengths of all 
the joimts— 


Proportional lengths of the joints.. 18.11.7.9.3.3.3.5 
Numbers of the joints............ PONT emt oS 


The three-jointed outer ramus of the second antenne is of 
moderate length. 

The first joint of the second maxillipeds bears two mode- 
rately long sete: on the inner aspect of the distal end ; second 
joint narrow, subcylindrical, and furnished with a longitudinal 
row of spinules on its inner aspect, and a small seta near the 
middle and another near the end of the inner margin; 
terminal claw slender and moderately elongated. In the 


new Crustacea from Devon and Cornwall. 289 


first pair of natatory legs the proximal joint of the inner 
branches is about equal to the entire length of the outer, but 
the second joint is only about half the length of the third, 
while the second and third joints are together about equal 
to two thirds the length of the proximal joint; the joints of 
the outer branches are subequal. The next three pairs are 
similar to those in Stenhelia reflexa. 

The fifth pair has the inner portion of the primary joint 
produced into a narrow subtriangular plate, the bluntly 
rounded apex of which reaches to about the middle of the 
secondary joint; there are three sete on the inner margin, 
the upper two are short and subequal, the lower moderately 
elongated; there are also two slender and moderately long 
apical sete of unequal length. The secondary joint is mode- 
rately narrow and elongated, the breadth being scarcely half 
the length; it is broadest near the proximal end and tapers 
eradually to the truncate and somewhat angular apex; a_ 
small seta springs from near the distal end of the inner 
margin, two of moderate length from the truncate apex, and 
three small ones from the lower half of the outer margin; 
that one of these three which is nearest the distal end is the 
smallest and is provided with a peculiarly thickened base. 

No males of this species have been observed. ‘The peculiar 
form and armature of the fifth pair of thoracic feet appear to 
be characteristic of the species. 

Lhe furcal joints in this species are short. 


Genus PARASTENHELIA, I. C. Thompson & A. Scott, 1903. 


Parastenhelia anglica, sp. n. 


The genus Parastenhelia was instituted by I. C. Thompson 
and Andrew Scott for two species which, though having a 
close resemblance to Stenhe/ia, differ in possessing nine- 
jointed antennules, in the middle joint of the outer ramus of 
the antenne being nearly as long as the joint on either side, 
and in having the inner branches of the first natatory legs 
two-jointed, the first joint being considerably longer than the 
three-jointed outer branches. The form I have now to 
describe agrees so closely with the typical species that I have 
little hesitation in ascribing it to the same genus, even 
though the inner branches of the first pair of legs be appa- 
rently three-jointed. In this form the antennules are composed 
of nine joints; the first four are together equal to fully twice 


. . . 5 . . 
the entire length of the other five, the second is considerably 


290 Canon A. M. Norman and Dr. T. Scott on 


longer than the third or fourth, which are subequal ; all the 
other joints are smaller, as shown by the formiula— 


Proportional lengths of the joints. 25.46.34.34.12.10.8.6.16, 


Numbers of the joints .......... 20084 +6) -6)OF 4Bs8e 


The outer ramus of the second antenne is three-jointed 
and moderately elongated, the middle joint being about as 
long as the end one. 

The mandibles resemble those of Stenhelia; the basal joint 
of the mandible-palp becomes broader towards the distal end 
and is furnished with two uniarticulate branches, the distal 
one being more elongated than the other. The second 
maxillipeds resemble those of Stenhelia hispida, G.S. Brady. 

The first thoracic legs have the inner branches very long 
and slender and apparently three-jointed; the first joint is 
about half the length of the second, but the end one is very 
short ; a plumose seta springs from the inner distal angle ot 
the first joint, while the end joint bears two claw-like terminal 
spines of unequal length; the outer branches reach to about 
the middle of the inner ones. The second, third, and fourth 
pairs are slender and moderately elongated; in the outer 
branches of the fourth pair the first and second joints bear 
exteriorly a small spine near the distal end and a plumose 
seta on the inner margin, while the end joint is furnished 
with two terminal spines—one small and one long and slender 
—and a moderately long seta; the first two joints of the 
inner branches are each furnished with a seta on the inner 
margin, while two sete spring from the inner margin of the 
third joint, which also bears two sete and a small spine at 
the apex. ‘The fifth pair has a small primary joint, sub- 
triangular in form and provided with five sete on the lower 
half of the inner margin and apex. ‘The secondary joint is 
elongated, the upper portion is subcylindrical, the greatest 
breadth being equal to about a third of the entire length ; at 
about a third from the distal end the outer margin slopes 
giadually inwards till it meets the nearly straight inner 
margin; a single short seta springs from near the lower end 
of the inner margin and five from the distal third of the 
outer margin, the apical and middle sete being elongated, 
but the other three moderately short. 

Furcal joints very short. 

Hab. Dredged outside of Fowey Harbour, Cornwall, on 
May 9th, 1903; rare. No males were observed. 


new Crustacea from Devon and Cornwall. 291 


Genus AMErIRA, Boeck, 1864. 
Ameira simplex, sp. n. 


Description of the female.—Body moderately slender ; 
rostrum somewhat prominent; length ‘64 mm. (5 of an 
inch). 

Antennules short, moderately stout, eight-jointed, first and 
second joints longer and somewhat more robust than the 
others, third to the sixth short and subequal; the last two 
are also small, as shown by the formula— 


Proportional lengths of the joints... 15.15.9.8.6.7.3.5 
Numbers of the joints............ Ly ng ee Org 


a 


Antennze smal], outer ramus short and uniarticulate and 
provided with a tew terminal sete. Mandibles also small, 
mandible-palp simple and one-branched. 

Inner branches of first natatory legs elongated and slender; 
first and third joints nearly equal in length, second about 
half as long as the first ; the outer reach nearly to the end of 
the second joint of the inner branches. The other three 
pairs are also moderately slender, and the outer branches are 
rather longer than the inner ones. 

Fifth pair small, inner portion of primary joint subcylin- 
drical, with the apex obliquely truncated and bearing five 
sete, the second seta from the outside being much longer than 
the others. Secondary joint subovate, length nearly twice the 
width at the proximal end, the outer and inner margins are 
only slightly rounded and taper gently towards the narrowly 
rounded apex; they are each furnished with five sete, four 
(three elongated and one—the second from the outside —smali) 
are carried on the rounded apex, and a small one on the 
proximal half of the outer margin. 

The furcal joints are fully half as long as the last abdo- 
minal segment. 

Llab. Dredged in the estuary of the Exe, near Starcross, 
June 9th, 1884; apparently rare. No males observed. 

This species bears a close resemblance to Ameira ea‘gua, 
T. Scott, but it differs to some extent in the proportional 
lengths of the joints of the antennules, in the armature of the 
mandible-palp, in the outer branches of the first thoracie feet 
being as long as first and second joints of the inner branches, 
as well as in the joints of the inner branches being different 
in their proportional lengths; the armature of the fifth pair 
is also different in the two species. 


292 Canon A. M. Norman and Dr. T. Scott on 


Genus LAOPHONTINA, nov. 


Somewhat like Laophonte in general appearance. Ante- 
rior antenne short and composed of about six joints. Outer 
ramus of posterior antenne uniarticulate. First pair of 
natatory legs nearly as in Laophonte. Second and third pairs 
one-branched and more or less rudimentary. Fourth pair 
two-branched, outer branches three-, inner one-jointed. 
Fifth pair asin Laophonte. Only one species is known, which 
is described below. 


Laophontina dubia, sp. n. 


Length of female about *5 mm., male rather smaller. 
Boly somewhat slender. Antennules of the female short, 
six-jointed ; first joint stout, longer than any of the others, 
and with a small tooth-like process near the middle of the 
exterior margin and another at the inner distal angle; second 
joint shorter than the first and armed exteriorly with a strong 
projecting tooth; third rather longer, but less robust than 
the second; fourth and fifth very small; the last joint is 
longer than the fourth and fifth combined. 

The male antennules are modified for grasping, but the 
first and second joints are similar to those of the female. 

Posterior antenne moderately slender, outer ramus small 
and uniarticulate. 

First thoracic feet as in Laophonte; inner branches elon- 
gated, two-jointed; first joint long and slender, the other 
short and armed with a long stout terminal claw; inner 
branches very small and uniarticulate and furnished with a 
few small sete. Second pair rudimentary, one-branched, 
each composed of a single short but moderately stout joint, 
bearing a few small sete. Third pair also rudimentary and 
one-branched, but the branch is two-jointed and bears two 
spiniform terminal sete. Fourth pair two-branched; outer 
branch short, stout, and three-jointed; the first and second 
joints bear moderately long and stout spine-like set on their 
outer margins; the end joint is very small and bears two 
apical sete, one long, the other shorter and spiniform ; inner 
branch small and uniarticulate and furnished with elongated 
sete. The fourth pair in the male are smaller than in the 
female and the inner branches are nearly obsolete. 

‘The fifth pair in the female moderately large and foliaceous ; 
primary joints broadly triangular and provided with about 
four plumose sete, one at the apex and three on the inner 
margin; secondary joints ovate, the length being equal to 


new Crustacea from Devon and Cornwall. 293 


about twice the breadth; they are each provided with four 
plumose terminal sete. 
In the male the fifth pair are very small and rudimentary. 
Furcal joints slender and about equal in length to the last 
abdominal segment ; principal tail-setee somewhat dilated at 


the base. 
Hab. Dredged at St. Mary’s, Scilly Islands, in May 1903. 


Genus DactyLopusta, A. M. Norman, 1903 *. 


Dactylopusia valida, sp. n. 


This species resembles Dactylopusix tisbotdes (Claus) in its 
general appearance and size. The eight-jointed antennules 
are short and stout; the first and second joints are longer 
and the fifth and seventh shorter than the others; the other 
four, which are nearly of equal length, are each about a 
third shorter than the first or second, as shown by the 
formula— 


Proportional lengths of the joints.. 13.11.7.8.5.8.5.8 
Numbers of the joints...,........ yee Saad, 


The three-jointed outer ramus of the posterior antennze is 
moderately large and stout and provided with several sete. 
The mouth-organs resemble those of D. tisboides, but the 
second maxillipeds are moderately stout and their terminal 
claws elongated and slender. 

The first pair of swimming-feet are moderately stout ; the 
outer branches are rather more than half the length of the 
inner and armed exteriorly with strong spines; the first 
and second joints are very robust, their width being about 
equal to three fourths of the length; the end joint is very 
short and furnished with four spines and a seta; the spines 
are of unequal length, the two outer being very small, 
the other two strong and slightly clawed, the inner being the 
longer; the inner branches are also moderately stout, the 
first joint elongated, the second and third very short, and the 
third armed with one long and one short and stout terminal 
claw. ‘The second, third, and fourth pairs resemble the same 
three pairs in D. tisboides. 

In the fifth pair the primary joints are moderately elon- 
gated and reach to about the extremity of the secondary 
joints ; they taper slightly to the rounded distal end, which 


* Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., April 1903. Norman, on change of 
names. 


294 Canon A. M. Norman and Dr. T. Scott on 


carries five sete; the sete are arranged in three groups—the 
two outer are close together, so also are the next two, but 
there is a moderately wide space between the two pairs of 
setee and also between the inner pair and the last seta situated 
a small distance up on the inner edge; in the space between 
the outer and inner pairs there appears to be a small spine. 
The secondary joints are broadly ovate, the length being 
scarcely twice the width at the broadest part; the inner 
margin is nearly straight, but the outer is moderately convex ; 
a small seta springs from the middle and an elongated one 
from near the distal end of the inner margin, while other five 
are arranged round the lower half of the outer margin and 
apex. 

The fureal joints are very short. 

Hab. Dredged near Beggar’s Island, Plymouth, in 1889 ; 
apparently not very common. 

This species is readily distinguished by the robust form 
and structure of the first pair of natatory legs, the stout eight- 
jointed antennules, and the form and armature of the fifth 


teet. 


Dactylopusia ornata, sp. 0. 


Description of the female.—Body moderately robust ; length 
*62 mm. (2, of an inch). 

Antennules short, moderately stout, and composed of six 
subequal joints. Outer ramus of posterior antenna appa- 
rently only two-jointed. Mouth-organs as in J. rostratus, 
Scott. 

The first thoracic legs are short and stout; the three-jointed 
outer branches are rather shorter than the first joint of the 
inner ones; the first two joints have the outer margin fringed 
with short sete, and a setiferous spine springs from their 
outer distal angles; the second joint bears also a plumose 
seta on its inner margin; the end joint is small and bears 
several spiniform apical sete. The inner branches appear to 
be only two-jointed; the first is stout and elongated, and 
bears a long plumose seta on its inner margin ; the end joint 
is short and probably composed of two coalescent joints, it is 
furnished with a stout and slightly curved claw-like terminal 
spine. ‘The next three pairs resemble those in D. rostrata 
(1. Scott). 

The fitth pair are broadly lamelliform; the primary joint 
bears interiorly five sete of unequal lengths on the broadly 
rounded distal edge ; the secondary joint is subquadrangular 
and carries five stout sete, one being near the distal end of 


new Crustacea from Devon and Cornwall. 295 


the outer margin, three on the truncated apex, and one on 
the inner margin. 

The furcal joints are very short. 

The male does not differ greatly from the female except in 
the following particulars:—the antennules are modified for 
grasping, the outer branches of the second thoracic feet are 
armed with stronger spines than the same pair in the female, 
and the inner branches are only two-jointed, and the terminal 
spine is stout and claw-like. 

The fifth pair are rather smaller than those of the female 
and the inner and broadly rounded portion of the basal joint 
bears only two apical spines. 

Hab. Dredged at various places on the coast of Devon; 
moderately frequent. Also at Fowey, Cornwall, and New 
Grimsby Harbour, Scilly Islands. 

Recently collected specimens were easily recognized by 
their peculiar colour, which was for the most part of a uniforin 
yellow or, in some examples, yellowish grey; but what 
rendered the specimens so conspicuous was a band of a fine 
purple colour which adorned the posterior portion of the 
cephalic segment ; this band, which covers about a third of 
the segment, does not extend right across, but terminates on 
each side a short distance from the lateral margins ; more- 
over, the posterior edge of the band is even and coincides 
with the edge of the cephalic segment, but the anterior edge 
is deeply crenulated. Immersion in methylated spirit speedily 
destroys the purple colour, but the colour remains intact for 
a considerable time if specimens be preserved in formalin. 


Dactylopusia purpurocincta, sp. n. 


In this species the body is depressed, but moderately 
stout, and in general appearance resembles D. flava, Claus; 
length about ‘5 mm. 

Seen from above the cephalothoracic segment is broadly 
and evenly rounded in front and about as long as the 
remaining segments of the thorax ; the three segments imme- 
diately posterior to that of the cephalothorax are of a dark 
purplish-brown colour, but the ground-colour of the body is 
light yellowish. 

The antennules are short and stout and appear to be com- 
posed of seven joints; the first and second, which are robust, 
are longer than the others. The formula shows approxi- 
mately the proportional lengths of the various joints— 
Proportional lengths of the joints... 14.13.8.8.5.3.7 
Numbers of the joints,.,,....».0. Neos 4 87.6 (fo 


296 Canon A. M. Norman and Dr. T. Scott on 


Antenne stout, outer rami slender, of moderate length, and 
apparently only two-jointed. 

The first pair of swimming-feet short and robust: outer 
branches considerably shorter than the inner and furnished 
with long, spiniform, coarsely plumose sete on the outer 
margin ; inner branches apparently only two-jointed, the 
first joint longer than the entire outer branches and strongly 
dilated interiorly, as in the male of D. flava, second and 
third joints coalescent and bearing a short stout terminal 
claw and a moderately long spiniform seta. The next three 
pairs are somewhat similar to those of D. tisboides. 

The fifth feet are moderately large; primary joint a 
broadly quadrangular lamelliform plate bearing five strong, 
plumose, spiniform setee on the distal margin, which 1s 
broadly truncate ; a comparatively wide space separates the 
outermost seta from the one next to it. Secondary joint 
subcylindrical, but becoming narrower from about the middle 
of the joint to the end; inner margin nearly straight, with a 
short seta on the lower half; two stout spine-like sete spring 
from the lower half of the outer margin and two from the 
apex. 

Furcal joints very short. 

Male unknown. 

Hab. Dredged at Salcombe, June 30th, 1875. 

This form closely resembles J). laticaudata and 1), enula, 
described by I. C. Thompson and A. Scott in their Report 
on the Copepoda collected by Professor Herdman at Ceylon 
in 1902. The two species, with that just described, differ in 
some respects from the typical Dactylopusia, and, as suggested 
by the authors referred to, ‘‘ may some time require a separate 
genus.” The coloured band in this species appeared to be 
quite unaffected by the long immersion in methylated spirit, 
forming a marked contrast to the evanescent colour of 
D. ornata. 


Genus PELtTipiIuM, Philippi, 1839. 
Peltidium conspicuum, sp. n. 


A single specimen of an apparently undescribed Peltidium 
was obtained in New Grimsby Harbour, Scilly Islands, 
May 23rd, 1903. It was of a uniform dark purple or ruby 
colour, and therefore conspicuous in the sample in which it 
occurred. 

P. conspicuum has a general resemblance to P. purpureum, 
Philippi, but is rather larger, and the carapace wants the 


pellucid areas so characteristic of that species, being, on the 


new Crustacea from Devon and Cornwall. 297 


contrary, of a dense uniform purple or ruby colour. It 
measures about 1°3 mm. (7/5 of an inch) in length. The 
rostrum truncated, not much produced, the truncated end 
being obscurely tridentate. 

Antennules short, stout, and six-jointed ; first three joints 
subequal and about twice the entire length of the last three, 
the penultimate joint being very small ; antennze and mouth- 
organs as in 2. purpureum. 

The first pair of swimming-feet resemble those of the same 
species, but the first and second joints of the outer branches 
are of nearly equal length ; they each bear a short seta near 
the middle of the outer margin and a similar seta near the 
distal end of the inner margin; the end joint is very skort 
and furnished with three claws (two stout and of moderate 
length and one short) and a small seta. The inner branches 
are stout and composed of two joints; a seta springs from 
the distal end of the inner margins of the first and second 
joints, but the second joint is also furnished with two apical 
sete. The second, third, and fourth pairs are apparently 
similar to those of P. purpureum. In the fifth pair the 
primary joint appears to be short and bears one seta on the 
outside and two on the inside distal angles; the second joint 
is also short and provided with six stout plumose sete on the 
lower half of the outer margin and apex. 

The first segment of the abdomen forms a trilobed plate 
which entirely overlaps the remaining abdominal segments 
and fureal joints, and in this respect differs very markedly 
from other described species; in these the last abdominal 
segment and furcal joints are exposed. 


Genus MESOCHERES, nov. 


Body somewhat similar in general appearance to Scotto. 
cheres, Giesb., the cephalothorax seen from above being ovate 
in outline, while the abdomen is narrow and elongated. The 
antennules are composed of twenty-one joints and are similar 
in structure to those of Asterocheres. ‘The antenne also 
resemble those in the same genus. ‘The mandibles and 
maxille were damaged and could not be satisfactorily made 
out. The first maxillipeds are small but moderately stout, 
their terminal claws elongated and strongly hooked and with 
an elongated spine attached near the base of theclaw. Second 
maxillipeds long and slender, and similar in structure to the 
same appendages in Asterocheres, First four pairs of 
swimming-feet somewhat similar to those of the same genus. 
Fifth pair very small and apparently two-jointed. 

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 21 


298 Canon A. M. Norman and Dr. T. Scott on 


This genus partakes of the characters of the two genera 
Asterocheres and Scottocheres, but differs from both as 
described above. 


Mesocheres anglicus, sp. n. 


Cephalothorax of the female ovate, moderately robust, 
widest in the middle, the width being equal to fully half the 
length; first segment about one and a half times longer than 
the other segments combined: abdomen narrow and elon- 
gated, as in Scottocheres longifurca, Giesb., and composed of 
three segments, the first rather longer than the second and 
thiyd together ; it is widest at the proximal end and produced 
on each side into a hook-like process, as in the Scottocheres 
referred to ; the anal segment is the smallest of the three, 
being only a little more than half the length of the preceding 
one. The furceal joints are long and slender and about four 
times as long as the last segment of the abdomen; the outer 
edge of each joint is fringed with minute bristles, and the 
principal apical sete are only moderately elongated. Length 
about ‘65 mm. (445 of an inch). 

Antennules composed of twenty-one joints and somewhat 
similar in structure to those of Asterocheres Boeckt; a mode- 
rately stout sensory filament springs from the end of the 
eighteenth joint. Antenne three-jointed, the first joint longer 
than the next two together, the third small and furnished 
with one long and two short apical sete ; outer ramus small, 
uniarticulate, with one or two slender apical setee. 

First maxillipeds short, armed with elongated, stout, 
strongly curved terminal claws; a moderately long spiniform 
seta springs from near the base of the claw. Second max- 
illipeds long, slender, and similar to the same appendages in 
Asterocheres Boecki. 

First four pairs of swimming-feet somewhat similar to 
those of the same species, but the armature differs to some 
extent, and especially that of the fourth pair; in this pair 
the spines on the outer margin and apex of the outer branches 
are large and broadly dagger-shaped, and they are all, with 
the exception of the inner terminal spine, finely serrated on 
both edges, but the inner terminal spine is only serrated on 
the outer edge; the first and second joints are also provided 
with a plumose seta on the inner margin, while the last joint 
bears four plumose sete on the inner margin in addition to 
the four large spines on the outer margin and apex. The 
first joint of the inner branches bears one seta and the second 
and third joints two set on the inner margin ; a similar seta 


new Crustacea from Devon and Cornwall. 299 


springs from a notch near the middle of the outer margin of 
the third joint, which is also armed with a large dagger- 
shaped terminal spine. The fifth pair are very small; the 
primary joint is nearly twice as broad as it is long and bears 
a single spiniform seta on the exterior distal angle; the 
secondary joint is indistinctly trilobed and carries two or 
three sete. 


fab. Dredged in Plymouth Sound on August 12th, 1903. 


Genus HERRMANNELLA, Canu, 1891. 


Herrmannella parva, sp. 1. 


Description of the female——Similar in general appearance 
to H. rostrata, Canu, but smaller; length of the specimen 
described *68 mm. (,4 of an inch). 

Antennules short and composed of seven joints, the propor- 
tional lengths of which are given in the formula— 


Proportional lengths of the joints.. 14.34.8.19.19.14.8 
Numbers of the joints............ es a ae Sie ae: a a 


Antenne stout, four-jointed, but the penultimate joint is 
very small ; terminal sete curved, claw-like, and exhibiting a 
pseudo-articulation near the middle, as in some species of the 
Lichomolgide. 

Mandibles in the form of broad falciform plates, which 
taper gradually to the acuminate apex. Maxille subcylin- 
drical, simple in structure, and bearing each a small marginal 
and apical seta. First maxillipeds short, stout, and armed 
with a slender, curved, terminal appendage, bearing a uni- 
lateral row of small spinules, while a moderately long spini- 
form seta springs from the inner margin and near the base of 
the curved terminal appendage. The second maxillipeds are 
moderately stout, two-jointed, and provided with a stout 
terminal claw, as in Lichomolgus liber, Brady and Robertson. 

The thoracic feet are somewhat similar to those of Herr- 
mannella rostrata, Canu, but are scarcely so stout; both 
branches of the fourth pair are three-jointed; the first and 
second joints of the outer branches have each a small dagger- 
shaped spine at the distal end of the exterior margin, while 
the third joint has a similar spine in the middle of the outer 
margin and two apical spines, the inner one being about as 
long as the joint from which it springs; moreover, the second 
joint bears one long plumose seta and the third five similar 
sete on the inner margin; the first and second joints of the 


inner branches have each a single seta near the distal end of 
21# 


300 On new Cyprinid Fishes from Tibet. 


the inner margin, while the third joint bears only two terminal 
spines, the inner one stout and about twice as long as the 
other. Fifth pair very small; each foot consists of a single 
joint which bears two small terminal sete. 

The abdomen is moderately slender and composed of four 
segments; the genital segment is somewhat dilated and 
about equal in length to next three seginents taken together ; 
the second and third segments are small, while the fourth is 
rather longer than the preceding one. 

The furcal joints are about twice as long as the last abdo- 
minal segment; each joint is furnished with several terminal 
sete, and a single small bristle springs from near the middle 
of the outer edge. 

Hab, Taken in Plymouth Sound, among Hydrozoa &c., 
near low-water, in August 1903; rare. 

This small species resembles a diminutive Pseudanthessius 
gracilis, but the structure of the fourth pair of thoracic legs 
shows that its relationship is with Canu’s genus //errmann- 
ella. It differs, however, from any HHerrmannella hitherto 
described by the form of the mandibles, the proportional 
lengths of the abdominal and furcal joints, and one or two 
other points mentioned in the description. 


XXXIV.—Descriptions of Two new Cyprinid Fishes from 
Tibet. By C. Tate Reaan, B.A. 


Gymnocypris Waddellit. 


Pharyngeal teeth 4: 3—8: 4, cylindrical, obtusely pointed, 
slightly incurved. Depth of body about 5 in the length, 
length of head about 4. Breadth of head about 1? in its 
length, diameter of eye 6-8, length of snout 34-32, inter- 
orbital width 8-33. Snout obtuse; mouth terminal, oblique ; 
anterior edge of upper jaw not below the level of the lower 
margin of eye; maxillary nearly reaching the vertical from 
the anterior margin of eye. 10-13 gill-rakers on the lower 
part of the anterior arch, 2 or 3 on the apper part. Dorsal 
111 8, its origin a little nearer to tip of snout than to base 
of caudal; third simple ray slender and articulated above, 
slightly thickened and finely serrated in its basal half (in 
the two smaller examples), or not serrated (in the two larger 
ones). Anal III 5, extending to the base of caudal when 
laid back. Origin of ventral below about the middle of dorsal. 


On new Species of Ilisteride. 301 


Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle about 24 as long as deep. 
Greyish above, silvery below. Head, body, and fins (the 
ventrals sometimes excepted) covered with dark spots of small 
or moderate size. 

Four specimens, 300-400 mm. in total length, from the 
Yamdok Lake, a large lake without outlet at an altitude of 
14,800 feet. They were obtained by Lieut.-Col. L. A. 
Waddell, C.B., who preserved them in salt and has presented 
them to the British Museum. 


Nemachilus lhase. 


Depth of body 7} in the length, length of head 43. Snout 
a little longer than postorbital part of head, twice as long as 
eye, the diameter of which is 42 in the length of head and 
equal to the interorbital width. Breadth of head 12 in its 
length and very slightly greater than its depth. Cleft of 
mouth extending to below the nostrils; lips moderately thick, 
plicated, the lower interrupted medianly ; barbels six ; outer 
rostral barbel nearly reaching the middle of the maxillary 
barbel, which is 1} the diameter of eye. Scales entirely 
wanting. Dorsal IL 9, its origin nearly equidistant from 
tip of snout and base of caudal; free edge of the fin concave. 
Anal II 5. Pectoral extending # of the distance from its 
base to the base of ventrals. Ventrals 9-rayed, extending to 
the origin of anal. Caudal emarginate. Caudal peduncle 
slender, 64 as long as deep and 1} the length of head. 
Olivaceous, with traces of darker cross-bars on the back ; 
dorsal and caudal fins with small dark spots. 

A single specimen, 84 mm. in total length, from Lhasa, 
collected by Capt. H. J. Walton. 

Allied to N. stenurus, Herz. 

When writing my descriptions of the Cyprinid fishes 
collected by Capt. Walton (supra, p. 185) I overlooked this 
specimen. 


XXXV.—On new Species of Histeridee and Notices of others. 
By G. Lewis, F.L.S. 


THIS paper is written to found a new genus and to describe 
three new species, the names of which are given in the 
‘Catalogue of Histeride’ which will shortly be published. 
It is the twenty-fourth of the series in this Magazine; the 
previous paper is in vol. xiv. p. 137 (1904). 


302 Mr. G. Lewis on 


CYLISTOSOMA, gen. nov. 


Body elongate, cylindrical; head retractile, with a frontal 
stria; thorax, antennal fossettes widely open below; elytra 
striate, striae sometimes complete; prosternum compressed, 
striate in the typical species, rounded off at the base and 
received into the mesosternum; mesosternum emarginate or 
widely sinuous anteriorly ; anterior tibiz dentate on the outer 
edge. 

I consider Platysoma Richter’, Sch., the type of Cylisto- 
soma, and closely similar to it are other species from Mada- 
gascar, viz. Platysoma (Teretrius) Fairmairei, Théry, obli- 
quum, Lew., pulvinatum, Sch., quadricolle, Lew., and in all 
of these the prosternal keel is distinctly striate. In the 
Catalogue I have associated all the cylindrical Platysome 
temporarily with the above, because the genus Platysoma as 
it has hitherto stood cannot be conveniently studied without 
division. 

LHololepta trulla, sp. n. 


Elongata, parallela, depressa, nigra, nitida; fronte haud striata; 
elytris, striis 2 dorsalibus brevissimis, 1* appendiculata; pro- 
pygidio sulco arcuatim integro, utrinque foveolato; pygidio 
impunctato. 

L. 7} mill. (absque mandibulis). 


This species is extremely similar to 7/7. paropsis, Lew., 
but it is more parallel laterally ; the male has no thoracic 
fossee, the arched sulcus on the pygidium is somewhat angu- 
late in the middle (not formed as a Moorish arch, as in 
H. paropsis), and posteriorly on the inner edges of the sulei 
are shallow but well-marked foveee, one on each side. There 
is no trace of a carina on the mentum in the male. 


Hab. Lake Tanganyika, Central Africa. 


Lioderma acutipectum, sp. n. 


Oblongum, subconvexum, nigrum, nitidum; fronte haud striata ; 
elytris, striis, ] brevi, 2 integra, 3 brevissima ; propygidio circum 
parce punctato; pygidio dense punctato; prosterno ante coxas 
angustato. 

L. 12 mill. (absque mandibulis). 


Oblong, somewhat convex, black and shining; the head 
is nearly flat on its vertex and is without striz, and the 
mentum of the male is not carinate; the thorax, the marginal 
striz terminate near the eyes and the male has no fossettes, 
behind the anterior angles a few vague punctures are visible ; 


I el 


raed 


new Species of Histeridx, 303 


the elytra, subhumeral furrow is shortened at either end, the 
first dorsal stria-is basal and is one third of the elytral length, 
the second is well marked and complete and evenly bent 
throughout its entire length, the third very short’and basal; 
the propygidium is scantily punctate laterally ; the pygidium 
is somewhat convex and densely punctate; the prosternum 
is triangulate at its base, but before the coxe the keel is 
narrow like that of Oxysternus, hence its trivial name; the 
anterior tibiae are 4-dentate. 

The prosternal keel is similar to that of Zioderma dorcotdes, 
Lew. Hololepta strigtlats, Sch., from East Africa, also has 
a narrow prosternal keel, and should therefore, I think, be 
placed in Lioderma. 

flab. Kamerun, West Africa (Dr. Sjéstedt), One male 
example in the Stockholm Museum. 


Hister laqueatus, sp. n. 


Breviter ovalis, parum convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte, stria in- 
tegra in medio retrorsum acuminata; pronoto, stria_ laterali 
valida, basi abbreviata, ad angulos punctato ; elytris, striis 1-3 
validis, integris, 4 basi evanescenti, 5 et suturali basi conjunctis ; 
propygidio pygidiogue levibus ; tiblis anticis extus 4-dentatis, 

L. 47-5; mill. 


Shortly oval, somewhat convex, black and shining ; the 
head, surface punctulate, feebly impressed anteriorly, stria 
complete, strong at the sides, and acuminately turned back- 
wards anteriorly ; the thorax, lateral stria strongly impressed, 
well shortened before the base, and continued behind the 
head, within the stria the anterior angles have a cluster of 
punctures, the basal edge is also pointed ; the elytra, striae, 
inner humeral strong, apical, and dimidiate, 1-3 dorsal also 
strong and complete, interstice of 2-3 is wide at the base, 4 
is evanescent or vaguely impressed at the base, 5 and sutural 
are looped together at the base, but the fifth is lightly im- 
pressed on the dorsum; the propygidium and the pygidium 
are nearly smooth, the punctuation being extremely fine ; 
the prosternum, the anterior lobe is finely marginate, keel 
without strize and narrowed between the coxe; the meso- 
sternum is widely arched anteriorly and marginate; the 
anterior tibize are 4-dentate on the outer edge. 

On account of its general sculpture this species may be 
placed near H/. conformis, Er.,and HH. rubricatus, Lew. ‘The 
inner subhumeral strize are similar in all. 

Hab. Kamerun (Dr. Sjéstedt). In the Stockholm Museum 
and my own collection. 


304 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


XXXVI.—Rhynchotal Notes—XXX. By W. L. Distant. 


Subfam. Crcaprvx (continued from p. 70). 


Division LAHUGADARIA. 


This division is primarily divergent from Dundubiaria by 
the non-dentate lateral margins of the pronotum; the tym- 
pana are completely covered, the tympanal flaps broader than 
long; the opercula short, somewhat globose, wider than 
abdominal margin, and distinctly visible from above, 


LAHUGADA, gen, nov. 


Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than base of 
mesonotum, its length about equal to space between eyes, its 
lateral margins discontinuous, the lateral margins of front 
being almost at right angles to those of vertex ; pronotum 
almost as long as mesonotum, narrowed anteriorly, the poste- 
rior angles prominent and rounded ; abdomen considerably 
longer than space between apex of front and base of cruci- 
form elevation ; tympana completely covered, tympanal 
coverings broader than long; opercula short, somewhat 
globose, wider than abdominal margin, and distinctly visible 
from above; rostrum about reaching the posterior coxa; 
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with eight apical areas 
and the basal cell longer than broad. 

Type, ZL. Dohertyi, Dist, (Pomponia). 


Subfam. Gzxanrvz. 


I propose this subfamily for the reception of a considerable 
number of genera in which the tympanal coverings are 
present but imperfect and the tympanal orifices are more or 
less exposed. 

Three subfamilies may be thus differentiated :— 

A. Tympanal coverings present. 
a. Tympanal coverings entirely concealing tympanal 


Driliceal st GY tose eerie ei ee eta tes rina Cicadine. 
aa. Tympanal coverings imperfect, more or less exposing 
EyM panel OTHACES s.4<.csi pw chi gis aes view wate gh ole Geanine. 
B, Tympanal coverings absent .....0.sccseesine eases . Tibieinine. 


Division CICADATRARIA. 


In this division the tympanal coverings are rounded ante- 
riorly, not angulate—either completely covering the orifices 


05 


Sh) 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


anteriorly and exposing them interiorly or the reverse, or 
smaller, exposing them both anteriorly and interiorly ; the 
lateral margins of the pronotum are not convexly ampliate 
nor medially angulate ; the tegmina and wings are hyaline, 
sometimes maculate. 

The genera composing this division are confined to the 
Palearctic, Oriental, and Malayan regions and represented in 


Japan, 
Synopsis of Genera. 


1. Abdomen not tuberculate beneath. 
A. Tympanal coverings narrower, but scarcely shorter 
than tympanal cavities. 
a, Lateral margins of pronotum moderately ampliate. 
6. Head shorter than pronotum, 
c. Abdomen longer than space between apex of 
head and base of cruciform elevation......  Tettigia. 
aa. Lateral margins of pronotum straight, not 
ampliate. 
bb. Head as long as pronotum. 
ec. Abdomen short, about as long as space be- 
tween apex of head and base of cruciform 
GlSV AMUN treat ye eet nit Saw LAGS Emathia, 
B. Tympanal coverings both narrower and shorter than 
tympanal cavities. 
d, Opercula in ¢ short and transverse, not or scarcely 
extending beyond base of abdomen. 
é. Head deflected anteriorly, front not prominent. 
f. Pronotum distinetly shorter than mesonotum. 
g. Length of head about equal to breadth be- 
tween eyes; abdomen in ¢ longer than 
space between apex of head and base of 
cruciform elevation. 
h. Greatest width of tegmina only one third 
of length, broader than wings ...... Terpnosia. 
hh. Greatest width of tegmina considerably 
more than one third of length, but 
scarcely broader than wings.......... Sena, 
gg. Length of head less than width between 
eyes; abdomen in ¢ about as long as 
space between apex of head and base of 
Cruciforan 6levatlons 4 soy pec sire adap anes Cicadatra. 
dd, Opercula in ¢ short but well developed, at least 
reachiffg the apex of the second abdominal 
BEPIMCL Ui Na t/a een eos BEI “rer ae Luba aac Khimbya. 
ddd. Opercula in g extending beyond the middle of 
abdomen. 
ee. Head not deflected anteriorly, the front very 
prominent. 
ff. Pronotum as long as mesonotum .......... Lethama, 
C, Tympanal coverings shorter, but not narrower than 
tympanal cavities. 
eee, Head with the front prominent, its lateral mar- 
gins at right angles with anterior margins of 
vertex, 


306 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


hk. Lateral margins of pronotum ampliate, narrowed 
anteriorly. 
7. Abdomen beneath strongly channelled near 
Rte CARERS”. vec snes epee +0 sj, <s > Kamatlata. 
hh, Lateral margins of pronotum convex ante- 
riorly, medially concavely sinuate. 
wz, Abdomen beneath obliquely recurved near 


lateral nisroins <5 =% 7: eee ee tiee Pe cane Basa. 
2. Abdomen in ¢ tuberculate beneath on the second and 
third abdominal segments .............05- eee Calcagninus, 


Genus 'T'ETTIGIA. 
Tettigia, Kolenat. Mel. Ent. vii. p. 6 (1857). 
Type, 7. ornt, Linn, (Cicada). 


Genus EMATHIA. 
Emathia, Stil, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 8 (1866). 
Type, 2. egrota, Stal. 


Genus TERPNOSIA. 
Terpnosia, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ix. p. 325 (1892). 
Type, 7. psecas, Walk. (Dundubia). 


Terpnosia confusa, sp. n. 


Body above castaneous brown, finely greyishly pilose ; 
pronotum with the centre of the posterior margin (excluding a 
medial spot), the apices of the lateral margins, and two 
central curved fascia pale greenish ; mesonotum with the 
anterior lateral margin pale greenish, the margins of two 
obscure anterior obconical spots and the anterior angles of 
the cruciform elevation ochraceous ; posterior margins of the 
abdominal segments narrowly fuscous; body beneath con- 
siderably paler in hue than above; opercula broad, transverse, 
convexly rounded posteriorly, not quite reaching basal 
segment of abdomen ; rostrum just reaching basal abdominal 
segment. ‘Tegmina and wings hyaline, the veins brown or 
brownish ochraceous ; tegmina with a slight greenish suffu- 
sion, a curved series of about four small fuscous spots ex- 
tending from base of second ulnar area to inner margin, the 
bases of the two upper apical areas a little infuscated, and a 
narrow elongate fuscous spot at apices of the longitudinal 
veins to apical areas, Tympanal covering very small, the 
greater part of the tympana being exposed. 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 307 


Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 35 mm.; exp. tegm. 87 mm, 

Hab. “India”? (Brit. Mus.) ; Sikhim (Coll. Dist.). 

This is the species figured in my Mon. Orient, Cicad. 
(tab. vii. fig. 21) as T. psecas, Walk. 


Genus SENA. 


Head about as long as space between eyes, lateral margins 
of front somewhat at right angles to lateral margins of vertex, 
eyes scarcely projecting beyond the anterior angles of the 
pronotum ; pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, its lateral 
margins more or less oblique, the posterior angles being 
obliquely dilated; abdomen longer than the space between 
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana largely 
exposed, the flaps being a little shorter and very much 
narrower than the tympanal orifices; rostrum just passing the 
intermediate coxe; opercula in male small, transverse, not 
extending beyond base of abdomen; anal appendages large. 


Type, S. querula, Pall. (Cicada). 


Genus CICADATRA. 
Cicadatra, Amyot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. v. p. 153 or 349 (1847). 
Type, C. atra, Oliv. (Cicada). 


KHIMBYA, gen. nov. 


Head deflected before eyes, the front scarcely visible above, 
its length much shorter than space between eyes, margins of 
front and vertex subobliquely continuous; pronotum distinctly 
shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins sinuate, but not 
dentate; abdomen much longer than space between apex of 
head and base of cruciform elevation; tympana imperfectly 
covered, flaps shorter and narrower than tympanal cavity ; 
rostrum not quite reaching posterior coxze; opercula in male 
inwardly obliquely divergent, extending to a little more than 
a third of the abdomen; anterior femora with at least two 
spines on their under surface ; tegmina broad, their greatest 
breadth considerably more than a third of their length, apical 
areas eight, basal cell much longer than broad. 

Type, &. evanescens, Walk. (Dundubia). 


LETHAMA, gen. nov. 


Head horizontal, as long as space between eyes, not ante- 
riorly deflected, front very prominent, margins of front and 


308 Mr. W. L, Distant on Homoptera. 


vertex obliquely subcontinuous ; pronotum as long as meso- 
notum, its lateral margin oblique, sinuate, obscurely dentate ; 
abdomen considerably longer tian space between apex of 
head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana imperfectly 
covered, the flaps shorter and narrower than the tympanal 
cavities ; rostrum about reaching the posterior coxe ; anterior 
femora armed beneath with two or three strong spines ; 
opercula extending to more than half the length of the abdo- 
men, situate wide apart and on the lateral abdominal areas ; 
tegmina broad, their greatest breadth more than one third of 
their length, apical areas eight, basal cell much longer than 
broad. 
Type, Z. locusta, Walk. (Cephalowys). 


Genus KAMALATA. 


Kamalata, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 52 (1889) ; Mon. 
Orient. Cicad. p. 124 (1892). 

Head moderately deflected in front of eyes, its length about 
equal to space between eyes, its lateral margins discon- 
tinuous, the lateral margins of vertex being more or less at 
right angles to those of front, its width between eyes being 
distinctly narrower than base of mesonotum ; face globose ; 
pronotum a little shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins 
somewhat angulately sinuate, broad and laminate on posterior 
half; abdomen broad, robust, and moderately inflated, above 
somewhat laterally oblique on each side, beneath strongly 
channelled near each lateral margin; tympanal coverings 
about as broad but shorter than the tympanal cavities, their 
length variable, either very short asin K. pantherina or about 
half the length of cavities as in A. yavanensis ; opercula in 
male short, transverse, not extending beyond base of abdo- 
men; rostrum considerably passing the posterior coxx; 
anterior femora strongly spined beneath; tegmina and wings 
hyaline, the first maculate, variable in length, about as long 
as body, as in K. pantherina, or longer than body, as in 
K. javanensis, basal cell longer than broad; apical areas 
eight. 

Type, KX. pantherina, Dist. 


Kamalata javanensis, sp. n. 


g. Body castaneous, finely greyishly pilose; head with 
transverse striations and a basal spot to front, and two 
spots both above and beneath the area of the ocelli, pale 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 309 


ochraceous ; pronotum with the posterior margin piceous, the 
lateral margins brownish ochraceous, a faint central longitu- 
dinal ochraceous line, and an ill-defined subverted angular 
spot at anterior margin, and the incisures, piceous ; meso- 
notum with two anterior obconical spots only denoted by their 
piceous margins; cruciform elevation flavescent ; posterior 
margins of the abdominal segments narrowly piceous, and 
the extreme lateral margins of the same colour ; head beneath, 
sternum, legs, and opercula ochraceous, space between face 
and ey es and apex of rostrum piceous ; transverse striations 
to face more or less castaneous; tegmina and wings hyaline, 
the veins ochraceous or brownish ochraceous ; tegmina with 
a curved series of about four fuscous spots between radial area 
(near apex) and inner margin, the veins separating the ulnar 
and apical areas broadly infuscated, and a fuscous spot at the 
apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas, 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 32 mm.; exp. tegm. 85 mm. 

flub, Java (Paris Mus.). 

Differs from K. pantherina by the longer tympanal 
coverings, which are about half the length of the cavities, 
and by the longer tegmina, which are considerably longer 
than the body ; spots and markings also different. 


BaSA, gen. nov. 


Head with front prominent and produced, its lateral 
margins at right angles with anterior margins of vertex, its 
breadth between eyes much narrower than base of mesonotum, 
its length about equal to that of pronotum; pronotum a little 
shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins convex anteriorly 
and concavely sinuate before posterior angles, which are 
ampliated; abdomen much longer than space between apex 

of head and base of cruciform elevation, its lateral areas 
obliquely depressed above ; beneath with the disk somewhat 
flat and the marginal areas obliquely directed upward ; tym- 
panal flaps shorter, but not narrower than tympanal cavities ; 
opercula transverse and just passing base of abdomen ; ante- 
rior femora strongly spined beneath near apex; anterior 
tibize longer than femora, anterior tarsi more than half the 
length of tibie ; tegmina and wings long and narrow, 
greatest width of the first only equal to a third of length, its 
basal cell much longer than broad, fourth ulnar area much 
compressed at base of third, ae areas eight. 


Type, B. singularis, Walk. ( Dundubia). 


310 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


Genus CALCAGNINUS. 
Calcagninus, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. pp. 31 & 136 (1889). 
Type, C. picturatus, Dist. (Leptopsaltria). 


Division FIDICINARIA. 


This division is represented by a series of Neotropical 
genera, in all of which the tympanal orifices are more or less 
exposed ; the tympanal flaps are always well developed and 
are usually somewhat angulate at their apices; the tegmina 
and wings are hyaline, sometimes maculate, but never 
opaque, they always possess eight apical areas; the lateral 
margins of the pronotum have sometimes their posterior 
angles lobately produced, but they are never convexly 
ampliate nor medially angulate. 


Synopsis of Genera. 


1. Metasternum with a moderately elevated transverse 
central plate, which is not anteriorly angularly 
produced. 

A. Head (including eyes) about equal in width to 
base of mesonotum; eyes scarcely projecting 
beyond anterior angles of pronotum. 

a. Vertex of head at area of ocelli distinctly longer 
than front. 
b. Posterior angles of pronotum a little promi- 
nent, but not lobately produced. 
ce. Tegmina with transverse vein at base of 
second apical area more or less vertical . Proarna, 
aa. Vertex of head at area of ocelli often only 
very slightly longer than front. 
cc. Tegmina with transverse vein at base of 
second apical area strongly oblique ...... Tympanoterpes, 

B. Head (including eyes) considerably broader than 
base of mesonotum; eyes projecting beyond 
anterior angles of pronotum, 

bb. Posterior angles of pronotum more or less 
lobately produced. 
d. Tympanal coverings large and only mode- 
rately internally deficient. 
e. Tegmina with transverse vein at base of 
second apical area more or less vertical. 
J. Vertex of head at area of ocelli about 


a LOM MS THONU Fee wes spss Fite ns 3 Ollanta. 
Jf. Vertex of head at area of ocelli much 
longer thar sront) is tisis «bets at es. viele Pacarina, 


dd. Tympanal coverings only developed on 


lateral areas. 
ec. Tegmina with transverse vein at base of 


seccnd apical area strongly oblique .... Artasa. 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. Sul 


2. Metasternum transversely elevated and anteriorly 
angularly or subangularly produced. 
C. Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of 
mesonotum ; eyes not porrect ............ .. Lidicina. 
D. Head (including eyes) considerably broader than 
base of mesonotum; eyes porrect, more or less 
stylate. 
g. Pronotum about as long as mesonotum; tym- 
panal coverings in ¢ with their inner mar- 


Pils shron Sly concaivel.s..¢ se. .2 ae <a> oes . Hemisciera. 
gg. Pronotum shorter than mesonotum ; tympanal 
coverings in ¢ not concave interiorly ...... Muyeorona, 


Genus PROARNA. 


Proarna, Stil, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxv. p. 61 (1864); Hem. Afr. iy. p. 7 
(18686). 

Type, P. hilaris, Germ. (Cicada). 

Some confusion may arise in separating this genus from 
Tympanoterpes, Stal (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 614, 1861), 
in which the founder had previously placed several of the 
species which he afterwards included in Proarna, and which 
again subsequently, in ‘‘ Conspectus generum” (Hem. Afr. iv. 
p- 7, 1866), he separates primarily by the moderately erect or 
curved and non-oblique transverse vein at the base of the 
second apical vein to the tegmina. 


Proarna [Heidemanni, sp. n. 


Body above and beneath with legs pale virescent ; vertex 
of head crossed by a prominent black transverse fascia 
between the eyes ; incisures to pronotum, two small anterior 
obconical spots to mesonotum, and the tarsi pale fulvous ; 
tegmina and wings hyaline, extreme bases of both pale 
fulvous, the venation of both and costal membrane and area 
to tegmina pale virescent. Head (including eyes) about 
equal in width to base of mesonotum, eyes slightly projecting 
beyond the anterior angles of pronotum; vertex of head at 
area of ocelli longer than front ; posterior angles of pronotum 
obtusely angulately prominent, but not lobately produced ; 
rostrum just passing the intermediate coxe, its apex piceous ; 
opercula not extending beyond base of abdomen; tegmina 
with the transverse vein at base of second apical area almost 
vertical, not oblique. 

Long., excl. tegm., g 16-18 mm.; exp. tegm. 43-47 mm. 

Hab. Argentina ( Wagner, Brit. Mus.); Paraguay, Sapucay 
(Heidemann Coll.). 


I have named this species after Mr. O. Heidemann, of 


312 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


Washington, who has sent me a specimen of this species and 
has also assisted my revision by procuring me examples of 
many North-American species for comparison. 


Proarna bufo, sp. n. 


Body pale castaneous, finely and obscurely griseously 
pilose ; area of the ocelli and mesonotum more or less piceous, 
the last with the lateral margins and the margins of two 
central anterior obconical spots pale castaneous; a spot at 
apex of front, lateral margins of vertex of head, lateral 
margins of pronotum, and cruciform elevation ochraceous ; 
teemina and wings pale hyaline, the first with about basal 
half of venation and the costal membrane and area ochra- 
ceous, remaining venation brownish ochraceous, a strongly 
broken curved linear fascia consisting of a little more than 
the basal vein of the second ulnar area, a spot on the posterior 
vein of third ulnar area, and a little more than the transverse 
vein at the base of lower ulnar area infuscate ; small spots at 
transverse veins to apical areas, and a series of rather Jarger 
outer marginal spots, fuscous. Abdomen in male short and 
broad, about as long as space between apex of head and base 
of cruciform elevation; head (including eyes) slightly 
narrower than base of mesonotum, eyes not projecting beyond 
anterior angles of pronotum ; vertex of head at area of ocelli 
longer than front; posterior angles of pronotum only mode- 
rately subangulately produced, its lateral angles a little 
convexly rounded; rostrum reaching the posterior coxee ; 
tegmina with the transverse vein at base of second apical area 
somewhat vertical, not oblique. 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 20, $ 28 mm.; exp. tegm., ¢ 9 
55-57 mm. 

Hab. Argentina (S. W. Thomas, Brit. Mus.) ; Bolivia 
(Steinbach, Brit. Mus.). 

Allied to P. Berg?, Dist., but smaller; tegmina much less 
maculated and shaded; apical area 1=3 in length, not 
longer than 3 as in P, Bergi; breadth of apical area 8= 
length of 7, not broader as in P. Bergi. 


Genus 'TYMPANOTERPES. 
Tympanoterpes, Stil (part.), Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 614 (1861) ; 
Hem. Afr, iv. p. 7 (1866). 

Type, ZT. serricosta, Germ. (Cicada). 

Of the species Stal originally stated were representative of 
his genus L’ympanoterpes, he subsequently (in 1864) removed 
a no small proportion to his genus Proarna. ‘The Cicada 
serricosta, Germ., must be taken as the type. 


Mr, W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 313 


Tympanoterpes alboapicata, sp. n. 


Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous green ; head 
with front (excluding central fascia), area of the ocelli, and 
inner margins of eyes black; pronotum with two central 
longitudinal black lines, which are much obliquely reflected 
both anteriorly and posteriorly, and with two small black spots 
near their base, the incisures fuscous; mesonotum with four 
large black obconical spots, the two central smallest, and all 
narrowly margined with ochraceous, a large black spot in 
front of cruciform elevation which is ochraceous ; abdomen 
brownish olivaceous, bases of segments black, greyishly pilose 
on each lateral area near base, and with a cretaceous spot on 
each side of apical segment; body beneath and legs brownish 
olivaceous ; sternum thickly greyishly pilose; a black fascia 
between face and eyes; ventral lateral margins more or less 
cretaceously tomentose; tegmina and wings pale hyaline ; 
tegmina with the costal membrane and area and basal half of 
venation olivaceous, apical half of venation, upper half of 
basal cell, and claval area fuscous; wings fuscous at base, 
venation either olivaceous or fuscous. Head (including eyes) 
about equal in width to base of mesonotum, eyes not pro- 
tuberant ; vertex of head at area of ocelli very little longer 
than front; posterior pronotal angles angularly lobate; 
abdomen short, broad, about as long as space between apex of 
head and base of cruciform elevation. 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 9 23-24 mm.; exp. tegm. 77 mm. 

Hab, Argentina (Wagner, Brit, Mus.). 


OLLANTA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) broader than base of mesonotum, 
eyes projecting beyond anterior angles of pronotum, vertex at 
area of ocelli about or almost as long as front; pronotum 
shorter than mesonotum, its posterior angles lobately pro- 
duced, its lateral margins obliquely narrowed anteriorly, very 
slightly sinuate; mesonotum moderately convex ; abdomen 
short, about as long as space between apex of head and base 
of cruciform elevation, tympanal coverings large, their apices 
subacute, anteriorly but not interiorly covering cavity; 
rostrum reaching posterior coxe ; opercula small, transverse, 
only about reaching base of abdomen; face moderately 
globose; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with eight 
apical areas. 

A genus intermediate between Proarna and Selymbria. 

Type, O. meaicana, Dist. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 22 


314 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


PACARINA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) broader than base of mesonotum ; 
eyes projecting beyond anterior angles of pronotum; vertex 
at area of ocelli much longer than front; pronotum with the 
posterior angles moderately lobately produced, its lateral 
margins oblique, slightly sinuate, its length shorter than that 
of mesonotum ; abdomen about as long as space between apex 
of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympanal coverings 
distinct but inwardly concavely narrowed and exposing the 
tympanal cavities ; face convex, a little broader than the space 
between it and eyes ; opercula about reaching base of abdo- 
men, their lateral margins oblique, their posterior margins a 
little rounded ; anterior femora armed with two strong spines 
beneath ; rostrum about reaching the posterior coxe ; tegmina 
and wings hyaline ; apical areas eight. 


Type, P. stgnifera, Walk. (Cicada). 


ARIASA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) wider than base of mesonotum, the 
eyes projecting beyond anterior pronotal angles, vertex at 
area of ocelli as long as or a little shorter than front ; posterior 
angles of pronotum more or less sublobately produced ; abdo- 
men about as long as space between apex of head and base of 
cruciform elevation ; tympana largely exposed, the flaps only 
upwardly developed on the lateral areas; face large and 
globose; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; opercula 
short, not passing base of abdomen; abdomen beneath 
prominently channelled at each lateral margin; tegmina and 
wings hyaline, the first with eight apical areas, basal cell a 
little longer than broad. 


Type, A. colombia, Dist. (Tympanoterpes). 


Ariasa nigrovittata, sp. n. 


?. Body above black; head with basal margin and a 
longitudinal fascia to front, lateral and apical margins of 
vertex, and an oblique fascia extending from posterior margins 
of eyes to near ocelli, ochraceous ; pronotum with the ante- 
rior margin narrowly, the lateral and posterior margins 
broadly, ochraceous, each lateral area somewhat castaneous, 
the posterior angles black; mesonotum with two obconical 
spots, the margins of which are pale castaneous, a lateral 
fascia and the cruciform elevation of the same colour, the 
anterior prolongations of the last more or less shaded with 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 315 


black; posterior abdominal segmental margins pale casta- 
neous; body beneath and legs brownish ochraceous; base of 
face, a transverse fascia between face and eyes, apex of 
rostrum, and bases of ventral segmental margins, black; 
tegmina and wings pale hyaline; tegmina with the venation, 
basal cell, and claval area black; costal membrane and area, 
about inner half of basal cell, longitudinal veins to lower 
ulnar area, and oblique vein at apex of radial area pale 
ochraceous ; wings with the venation black, basal area 
piceous, some of the longitudinal veins on basal area pale 
ochraceous, and the apical half of the abdominal area pale 
lacteous. The body beneath and legs are thickly and finely 
ochraceously pilose; head (including eyes) considerably 
broader than base of mesonotum; eyes projecting beyond 
anterior angles of pronotum; posterior pronotal angles 
lobately produced. 

In a second female specimen from Bolivia the colour of 
the body above is paler, inclining more to ochraceous or pale 
castaneous than black. 

Long., excl. tegm., 9 25 mm.; exp. tegm. 83 mm. 

Hab, Central Brazil: Chapada (Robert, Brit. Mus.) ; 
Bolivia (Steinbach, Brit. Mus.). 

Allied to A. albiplica, Walk. 


Genus FIDICINA. 
Fidicina, Amy. & Sery. Hist. des Hém. p. 472 (1843). 
Type, #. mannifera, Fabr. (Tettigonia). 
Fidicina Roberti, sp. n. 


3. Head, pronotum, mesonotum, cruciform elevation, and 
body beneath brownish ochraceous ; abdomen above black ; 
legs pale castaneous ; body ochraceously pilose; head with 
the area of the ocelli indefinitely extending on each side 
towards eyes, and margins of front, black; pronotum with 
the anterior margin, the incisures, and a narrow central 
transverse spot in front of posterior margin, black; meso- 
notum with four obconical spots, the two central shortest, and 
one on each lateral area longest, a large triangular spot in 
front of cruciform elevation, with a small rounded spot on 
each side and two similar spots in front of it, black ; poste- 
rior margins of abdominal segments above obscurely casta- 
neous, those of the first and sixth segments more prominently 
so; face (excluding base), fascia between face and eyes, spots 


to coxze and trochanters, and apex of rostrum, ape tegmina 


316 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


and wings pale hyaline; tegmina with the venation fuscous, 
costal membrane and area, basal cell, and inner longitudinal 
vein to basal ulnar area pale green, claval area bright 
ochraceous, preceded by piceous shadings; wings with the 
venation apically fuscous brown, green towards base ; ; extreme 
apical area bright ochraceous, streaked with piceous. 

Head (including eyes) about equal in width to base of 
mesonotum, much deflected in front of eyes; abdomen in 
male very short, about as long as space between apex of head 
and middle of mesonotum ; tarsi two -jointed ; body beneath 
and legs much more thickly and longly pilose than above; 
rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; lateral margins of 
pronotum centrally moderately sinuate ; opercula transverse, 
outer angles a little posteriorly prolonged, posterior margins 
concave, ‘lateral margins convex. 

Long., excl. tegm., 3 27 mm.; exp. tegm. 107 mm. 


Hab. Central Brazil: Chapada (A. Robert, Brit. Mus.). 


Fidicina lacteipennis, sp. n. 


3. Body above brownish ochraceous, abdomen a little 
darker and somewhat densely ochraceously pilose ; head with 
a transverse fascia extending through area of ocelli, a trans- 
verse linear spot on each side of front, and inner margins of 
eyes, black; pronotum with the incisures piceous brown; 
mesonotum with four ill-defined macular obconical spots, of 
which the two central are shortest, and with two small 
indented piceous spots in front of cruciform elevation ; basal 
segmental abdominal margins moderately piceous; body 
beneath densely griseously pilose ; face and legs ochraceous ; 
rostrum ochraceous, its apical half black; tegminaand wings 
hyaline, with a creamy-white suffusion, extreme bases of both 
ochraceous with some piceous markings; tegmina with the 
veins piceous, those at basal area, the basal cell, and costal 
membrane and area ochraceous; wings with the veins 
piceous, at the basal area ochraceous. Head (including eyes) 
slightly wider than base of mesonotum; length of head 
about half the width between eyes and much shorter than 
pronotum, which is almost as long as mesonotum ; cruciform 
elevation anteriorly truncate, without produced anterior angles; 
rostrum extending midway between intermediate and poste- 
rior cox#; anterior femora armed with two strong spines 
beneath. 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 29 mm.; exp. tegm. 94 mm. 

flab, Amazons (Brit. Mus,). 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 317 


Fidicina flavibasalis, sp. n. 


?. Body above olivaceous; head with the area of the 
ocelli, a transverse fascia between eyes, inner margins of eyes, 
and a narrow posterior margin, black ; pronotum with two 
central anterior and two central posterior spots and the 
central incisures black ; mesonotum with four obconical spots, 
the two central shortest, a lanceolate spot in front of cruci- 
form elevation, and a small rounded spot at each of its ante- 
rior angulations, black ; abdomen with the basal segmental 
margins black and with the lateral areas of the second 
and third segments greyishly pilose; head beneath and 
sternum piceous, greyishly pilose ; face, a fascia between face 
and eyes, rostrum, coxe, and legs virescent; abdomen 
beneath brownish ochraceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, 
basal areas of both and costal membrane of the first reddish 
ochraceous; venation fuscous, except at bases, where it is 
greenish. Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of 
mesonotum ; lateral margins of pronotum moderately oblique 
and finely hirsute; anterior femora with two strong spines 
beneath ; tarsi two-jointed. 

Long., excl. tegm., 9 20 mm.; exp. tegm. 65 mm. 


fab. Kcuador: Cachabé (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.). 


Genus HEMISCIERA. 
Hemisciera, Amy. & Serv. Hist. des Hém. p. 466 (1843), 
Type, H. maculipennis, Lap. (Cicada). 


Hemisciera Durhami, sp, 0. 


Body above brownish ochraceous; lateral and posterior 
marginal areas of pronotum and sixth and anal segments of 
abdomen stramineous ; head with the lateral margin of front 
and a broken transverse fascia between eyes black ; pronotum 
with a narrow pale ochraceous anterior margin and black 


incisures ; mesonotum with four large obconical black spots, 


of which the two central are shortest, and a small black spot 
in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation ; 
basal margins of abdominal segments piceous; body beneath 
and legs paler and thickly greyishly pilose ; tegmina with 
about basal third opaquely virescent ochraceous, remainder 
pale creamy talc-like, the venation on apical two thirds and 
costal membrane and area fuscous brown ; wings with almost 
basal half pale ochraceous, the venation on apical halt fuscous 
brown. Head (including eyes) much wider than base of 
mesonotum, the eyes semistylate; pronotum about as wide 


318 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


as mesonotum; rostrum passing the intermediate coxe; 
anterior femora with a long subapical spine beneath; tarsi 
two-jointed ; opercula in male transverse, posteriorly rounded, 
not extending beyond base of abdomen. 

Long., excl. tegm., g_33 mm.; exp. tegm. 100 mm. 


Hab. Brazil: Para (Dr. H. E. Durham, Brit. Mus.). 


MAJEORONA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) considerably broader than base of 
mesonotum ; eyes protuberant, more or less stylate ; length 
of head above about equal to half its breadth between eyes 
and about or almost as long as pronotum, which is distinctly 
shorter than mesonotum; abdomen about as long as space 
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; the 
tympanal orifices exposed interiorly, the flaps almost as long 
as and covering the lateral areas, not prominently concave 
interiorly ; metasternal plate well developed, centrally longi- 
tudinally impressed and anteriorly produced on each side ; 
rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ; anterior femora strongly 
spined beneath ; tarsi three-jointed ; opercula in male small, 
transverse, not extending beyond base of abdomen; tegmina 
and wings hyaline, the first with eight apical areas and the 
basal cell longer than broad. 

Type, Md. aper, Walk. (Fidicina). 


Majeorona bovilla, sp. n. 


3. Body above black; head with the apical margin of 
front, lateral margins of vertex, and inner margins of eyes 
angularly continued to near area of ocelli, olivaceous brown ; 
pronotum with the anterior margin narrowly and the lateral 
and posterior margins broadly stramineous (the lateral margins 
outwardly black), and with a more obscure small discal spot 
of the same colour; mesonotum with the margins of two 
central obconical spots and the cruciform elevation pale casta- 
neous; abdomen above with its lateral margins and the poste- 
rior margins of the segments pale castaneous; body beneath 
and legs ochraceous ; central suleation and lateral margins of 
face, a fascia between face and eyes, and apices of anterior 
and intermediate femora, black; tegmina and wings pale 
hyaline, the bases of both black, mottled with brownish 
ochraceous, and divided by pale ochraceous veins; tegmina 
with the costal membrane and area black, basal cell black, 
with a basal central ochraceous spot, venation black, ochra- 
ceous at extreme base, transverse veins at bases of second 
and third apical areas a little infuscated; wings with the 


On Variations tn the Pectoral Fin. 319 


lower half of venation ochraceous, the upper half black. 
Head (including eyes) considerably broader than base of 
mesonotum ; eyes protuberant, moderately stylate; length 
of head about half its width between eyes and almost as 
long as pronotum, the lateral angles of which are rounded ; 
basal areas of cruciform elevation strongly obliquely striate ; 
opercula transverse, not passing base of abdomen; anterior 
femora strongly spined beneath. 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 43 mm. ; exp. tegm. 127 mm. 

Hab. Central Brazil: Chapada, 2600 feet (4. Robert, 
Brit. Mus.). 


XXXVII.— The Changes and Variations in the Position of the 
Pectoral Fin during Development. By H. H. SWINNERTON, 
D.Se., University College, Nottingham. 


For some time I have been investigating the development 
of the Teleostean pectoral fin skeleton *, This has brought 
into my hands an extensive series of developmental stages of 
the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Being 
struck by the difference in the relative positions of the fin 
in the youngest and oldest stages, IL measured numerous 
specimens of all ages, with a view to ascertaining definitely 
if this indicated a real shifting during development. 

The investigation above referred to brings out the fact that 
the glenoid border tends to rotate from a horizontal to a 
vertical position during development. ‘This rotation is 
around the ventral end of the border. Consequently this 
point seemed the most suitable one from which to take 
measurements. ‘l'wo were taken in each case, viz. from this 
point to the tip of the snout and to the hinder extremity of 
the notochord. 

In fig. 1 (p. 820) the vertical line represents the distance of 
the pectoral fin from the tip of the snout, the horizontal that 
from the extremity of the notochord. ‘The oblique lines give 
the average position of the fin at various stages. To obtain 
these the specimens were put together into groups containing 
individuals differing in length only 1 mm., and the average 
was found for each group. Gapsare left because the material 
proved insufficient to give trustworthy results at these points. 

The shortest line represents the average position of the fin 


* My thanks are due to the Government Grant Committee for aid in 
carrying on this investigation. 


320 Dr. H. H. Swinnerton on Changes and 


for 97 individuals varying in length from 4:5 to 6°5 mm. and 
in age from the time of hatching to the end of the third week. 
This is prolonged by a dotted line, to give an idea of the 
course it would have taken had there been no transloca tion 
later. 


The next line represents the average position of the fin for 
198 individuals varying in length from 10:4 to 15°6 mm. 
The age of these cannot be definitely stated, because they 
were not reared in the aquarium and individuals of the 
same age vary so greatly after the first month*. The 
position of this line relative to the dotted line and its in- 
creasing divergence from it show that the fin has shifted 
backwards and is continuing to shift. 

The longest line represents the average position for 211 
individuals varying in length from 25 to 50 mm., and exhibits 
the same facts more markedly. 

Figs. 2, 3, and 4 were made from measurements of indi- 
viduals varying in size from 4 to 7, 10 to 16, and 25 to 50 mm. 
respectively. The horizontal line represents the distance 
from fin to snout expressed as a percentage of the total length 
of the body. The vertical lines give the number of indi- 
viduals with the corresponding percentage. From these it is 
seen that the maximum number have their fins 23 per cent. 
from the snout in the first group, 33 per cent. in the second, 


* For example, of the two oldest specimens which I hatched and kept 
in the same aquarium for thirty-three days, one measured 10°8 mm, and 
the other only 6-4 mm, 


Variations in the Position of the Pectoral Fin. = 321 


and 39 percent. in the last. Judging by these maxima, 
therefore, there is a total translocation of 16 per cent. of the 
length of the body. It is interesting to note that if the fifty 
smallest sticklebacks are taken the maximum falls upon the 
22 per cent. line. 


The immediate cause of the shifting of the fin is to be 
found in the fact that the coraco-scapular plate is at first a 
very insignificant portion of the pectoral skeleton, but as 
development advances it broadens out antero-posteriorly. 

The ultimate cause may be the change in function of the 
pelvic fin from that of a true fin to that of a mere organ for 
attack or defence. The pectoral fin has therefore to perform 
the combined functions of the two pairs. 

In view of the phylogenetic shifting forwards of the pelvic 
fin in Teleosts, it would be instructive if some worker with a 
large series of types at his disposal would ascertain if there 
is a corresponding phylogenetic shifting back of the pectoral 
fin. At present I can find no explanation of the fact that 
the fin shifts most rapidly just at those points in the ontogeny 
where my collection of specimens is poorest. 

A further study of figs. 2-4 suggests that the range of 
variation in the position of this fin increases as life advances. 
In the first group the range is 8 per cent., in the second 9 
per cent., in the third 13 per cent. 


322 On a new Cricetulus from Mongolia, 


XXXVIIT.—A new Cricetulus from Mongolia. 
By OvprieLp THomas. 


AMONG a small collection of rodents from N.E. Siberia 
presented to the National Museum by Mr. C. W. Campbell 
there are two specimens of a Cricetulus which appears to be 
undescribed. It may be called 


Cricetulus Campbelli, sp. n. 


Closely allied to C. songarus, Pall., which alone of described 
species has completely hairy palms and soles. Colour and 
markings apparently much as in that species, the charac- 
teristic light patches on shoulders, sides, and hips contrasting 
prominently with the body-colour, but the dark shoulder- 
stripe of C. songarus is less developed and the dorsal line is 
narrower and more sharply defined. Back greyish buffy; a 
prominent black dorsal line commencing faintly on the crown, 
becoming sharply defined on the nape, and running to the base 
of the tail. Lateral patches creamy buff, the grey areas divid- 
ing them but slightly darkened. Belly-hairs slaty basally, 
“cream-buff” terminally. Ears small, much smaller than in 
the true C. songarus; their colour as described in C. dichrootis, 
Satunin *, the black of the front half of the outer surface 
contrasting markedly with the white of the hinder edge of the 
inner. Upper surface of hands and feet silvery white. 
Palms densely hairy, but the tips of the digits, the usual three 
small pads at the base of the fingers, the very large hallucal 
and small median carpal pads naked. Similarly, behind, the 
soles are densely hairy, the tips of the digits and three small 
distal pads alone naked. Tail very short, about half the 
length of the hind foot, club-shaped, silvery whitish. 

Skull short, the brain-case proportionally large and rounded. 
Palatal foramina parallel-sided. Bulle very small. 

Dimensions of the type (measured as a spirit-specimen) :— 

Head and body 87 mm.; tail 7; hind foot 12; ear 11. 

Skull: greatest length 24; basilar length 19; zygomatic 
breadth 13°7; length of nasals 9; interorbital breadth 3:7; 
breadth of brain-case 11°4; palate length 9°8 ; diastema 6°4; 
palatal foramina 4°1 X 1°63; length of upper molar series 3:5. 

Hab. Shaborte, N.E. Mongolia (about 46° 40’ N., 114° E.). 
A second specimen from Tatir Suma. 

Type. Male (skinned out of spirit). B.M. no. 5. 2. 1. 3. 


* Ann. Mus. Pétersb, vii. p. 567 (1902). 


On the Affinities of the Orkney Vole. 323 


Collected 1st July, 1902, and presented by C. W. Campbell, 
Esq., C.M.G. 

This very handsome little species seems alone allied to 
C. songarus, Pall., and C. dichrootis, Sat., but may be readily 
distinguished from the former by its smaller ears and rather 
different colour, and from the latter by its more completely 
hairy soles and its prominent dorsal line. 


XXXIX.—The Affinities of the Orkney Vole (Microtus 
orcadensis, Mfillais). By C. I. Forsyra Magor. 


IN a joint paper by Mr. Eagle Clarke and Professor Charnock 
Bradley are published some new and interesting observations 
on the Orkney vole discovered by Mr. Millais in the Orkneys 
and certain parts of Shetland*. I have had an opportunity 
to verify the accuracy of the facts communicated, but I venture 
to take exception to the interpretation given to these facts, as 
being intended to throw light on the affinities of the species. 
By representing the Orkney vole as being in some respects an 
intermediate form of the field- and the water-vole, but more 
nearly allied to the latter, a misleading conception of its true 
affinities is conveyed. 

The two British species just mentioned are so widely apart 
from each other that they have been placed into two distinct 
sections (subgenera) of the genus Microtus. Now the 
Orkney vole, by its external characters (number of foot-pads 
on the hind sole, absence of abdominal musk-glands), as well 
as by the character of its teeth, is clearly a member of the 
same subgenus as the field-vole, and therefore much nearer 
related to the latter than to the water-vole. The peculiarities 
of its skull by no means contradict this statement. Great 
width of the skull, relative shortness of the brain-case, and 
elongation of the rostrum, are not peculiarities proper to 
the water-vole alone; they occur in other subgenera also. 
Within the subgenus to which our common field-vole 
(M1. agrestis) belongs it is the M. arvalis and its allies, one 
of the field-voles of Continental Europe and Northern Asia, 
which the Orkney vole approaches most in the characters of 


* “Qn the Vole and Shrew of the Orkney Islands,” by Wm. Eagle 
Clarke. With Report by Prof. O. Charnock Bradley, M.B.,C.M. (Re- 
printed from ‘The Annals of Scottish Natural History,’ January 1905.) 


324 Onanew Leucania from British New Guinea. 


the skull. The teeth of the last-mentioned being, moreover, 
indistinguishable from those of the M/, arvalis group, I would 
assign it a place within the latter, of which it is a large- 
sized and otherwise remarkable form, well deserving of a 
specific name of its own. 

One form (possibly more) of a vole with teeth of the 
M. arvalis type is represented by jaws in some of our caves 
and river-deposits. Not having as yet come upon fairly 
complete skulls, I do not venture to assert that the species 
M. arvalis was represented in Great Britain during Pleisto- 
cene times; but the J. arvalis group certainly was. This 
last circumstance will in due time presumably help to explain 
satisfactorily the present existence of a member of the M. ar- 
valis group in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. 


XL.—Deseription of a new Leucania from British New 
ig in 


Guinea. By Grorce T. Beruune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S. 


Leucania diagramma, sp. 0. 


3. Head and face pale grey, barred with dark grey ; collar 
pale grey, barred with darker grey; thorax greyish; patagia 
edged on its upper margin with dark grey ; abdomen greyish ; 
legs pale grey, mid and hind pair with two fine dark lateral 
lines. Primaries greyish brown, covered with fine whitish- 
grey longitudinal lines, with a broad pale stripe in the cell 
and a broader one below the cell; a dark spot at the lower 
end of the cell; a postmedial row of small dark spots, on the 
interior of which is a transverse indefinite band of whitish 
grey; termen darkly spotted: secondaries greyish, paler 
towards the base. Underside: primaries pale grey, with the 
dark lines of the upperside showing through; a dark costal 
spot a quarter from the apex; termen finely and darkly 
dotted: secondaries whitish grey, finely irrorated on the costa 
with dark scales ; termen darkly spotted. 

Expanse 38 mm. 

The type is in my collection from Babooni, British New 
Guinea (3600 feet), where it flies in September. 


Bibliographical Notices. 325 


XLI.—Deseription of a new Fish of the Genus Dentex 
from the Coast of Angola. By C. ‘Tate Recan, B.A. 


Dentex Cuninghamit. 


Depth of body 23 in the length, length of head 3. Snout 
scarcely longer than eye, the diameter of which is 3} in the 
length of head and 1} in the interorbital width. Depth of 
preorbital 2 the diameter of eye. Maxillary nearly reaching 
the vertical from anterior margin of eye ; canines rather weak, 
3 or 4 on each side in the upper jaw, 5 or 6 on each side in 
the lower. Cheek with 6 series of scales. 10 gill-rakers on 
the lower part of the anterior arch. Scales 60 5. Dorsal 


XII 10, the spines slender, the fourth and fifth the longest, 
equal to 4 the depth of body; soft rays as long as the eye. 
Anal III 10, the third spine a little longer than the second, 
as long as the eye. Pectoral 11 the length of head, ex- 
tending to above the third soft ray of anal; ventrals extending 
to the vent. Caudal widely forked. Olivaceous above, 
silvery below ; each scale of the upper and posterior parts of 
the body appears to be reddish at the base and blackish at 
the edge. 

A single specimen, 220 mm. in total length, from the coast 
of Angola, collected and presented to the British Museum by 
R. J. Cuninghame, Esq. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
Two Cytological Works. 


Morrrer (Davin M.). Fecundation in Plants. Washington (Car- 
negie Institution), 1904. 8vo. Pp. viii, 187. 69 figs. in text. 

Ferevuson (Marearer C.). Contributions to the Knowledge of the 
Life-history of Pinus, with Special Reference to Sporogenesis, the 
Development of the Gametophytes, and Fertilization. Washington, 
Proc. W. Acad. Sc. vol. vi. pp. 1-202, pls. i.—xxiv. [%. e. pp. 1- 
154, 156-202 verso only, facing plates]. 


Tue extreme interest and importance of the subject of these two 
works have created a copious literature and incited many workers 
in the field of research. Dr. Mottier has performed a useful task 
in presenting a digest of the subject, chiefly dealing with the 
Cryptogams and Gymnosperms, the Angiosperms being dismissed in 
a dozen pages. The subjects of the seven chapters will give a clue 
to the scheme of treatment ; they are as follows :—1. Introduction, 
in which nuclear division is explained and illustrated; 2. Fecunda-~ 
tion by motile isogametes, 3. by non-motile isogametes, 4. by hetero- 
gametes ; 5. Ascomycetes and Rhodophycew; 6. Archigoniate; and 
7. Angiosperms. 


326 Geological Society. 


A few slips have been noticed in looking through the pages, as 
Tulipa Celliana (p. 178) for Celsiana, Alexander Brown (p. 61) for 
Braun; on page 67 a given figure, E, is assigned to two different 
authors; on page 102 * nearly amoeboid parasites ” should, of course, 
be merely, and Synchitrium decipiens, Fries, appears as “ discipens ” 
(p. 37), &e. 

Dr. Margaret Ferguson’s paper is given up toa detailed account of 
her researches on a topic on which she has already published good 
work. The different scale of the two works now under notice may 
be gauged by the fact that here 141 pages are devoted to what is 
compressed into less than 6 pages of Dr. Mottier’s paper. 

In both the modern slipshod method of reference to literature is 
employed, namely, that of giving the author and an abbreviation 
for the year, as (’01) for 1901. It is a real grievance that if these 
references are to be checked the page is not supplied also, for the 
plan here followed is that of flinging a bulky paper at the reader 
and bidding him discover for himself where the statement cited is to 
be found. It is this easy writing that makes hard reading, and 
those who have been trained in an older and perhaps more careful 
school, revolt at this offhand method, now too much in vogue. 


PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. 
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 


November 9th, 1904.—J. E. Marr, Sc.D., F.R.S., 
President, in the Chair. 


Mr. E. T. Newton, in exhibiting, by permission of the Director 
of H.M. Geological Survey, a specimen of Fayolia near to Fayolia 
grandis, found by Dr. L. Moysey of Nottingham in the Coal- 
Measures of Ilkeston (Derbyshire), pointed out that Fuyolia was 
first described by Profs. Renault & Zeiller in 1884, in their 
monograph on the ‘ Houiller de Commentry.’ In 1894 Mr. Seward 
described the first British specimen, from Northumberland, in the 
Leeds ‘ Naturalist,’ but thought that it was not a plant. There 
was some resemblance to certain spiral egg-cases of Elasmo- 
branchs ; but Dr. Giinther was unwilling to accept the Northum- 
berland fossil as the egg-case of a fish. Mr. Kidston had not yet 
seen the specimen now exhibited ; but, from a sketch, he recognized 
its relation to Yayolia. At present, there was still uncertainty as 
to the exact nature of this fossil. 


The following communications were read :— 

1. ‘Notes on Upper Jurassic Ammonites, with Special Reference 
to Specimens in the University Museum, Oxford: II” By 
Miss Maud Healey. 


This paper gives a redescription of the types of Cardioceras 
vertebrale, Sow., C. scarbrugense, Y. & B., C. cordatum, Sow., and 


Geological Society. 327 


C. excavatum, Sow., and their varieties. Four varieties of the 
first, nine of the second, three of the third and fourth, are defined, 
and a description is given of a new species of Cardioceras belonging 
to the same group. Notes on species allied to the group and on 
others which have been wrongly confused with it are added. 
These species are so closely connected by innumerable transitional 
forms that their limits cannot be definitely fixed. The term 
‘species’ is therefore used as equivalent to Prof. J. W. Gregory’s 
circulus: ‘It includes a number of “ forms,” which vary along lines 
radiating outward from a central type. Some of the members 
farthest removed from the centre may be within the range of 
another circulus, for the different circuli may overlap or be 
connected by an indefinite series of individuals.’ Each cireulus is 
made up of subcirculi or varieties, and several circuli make up a 
group which need not necessarily correspond with a genus. 
C. cordatum is retained as the name of the whole group, although 
the type is a most unsatisfactory little specimen from the Corallian 
of Shotover. 


2. ‘On the Occurrence of LHlephas meridionalis at Dewlish 
(Dorset). Second communication: Human agency suggested.’ By 
the Rev. Osmond Fisher, M.A., F.G.S. 


This paper is in continuation of one published by the Author in 
1888. The site in which the elephant-remains were found is a 
narrow trench, examined to a depth of 12 feet in places, with 
nearly-vertical sides, a smooth, chalk-bottom, and an abrupt end. 
It was not a fault or a stream-course, and it was partly filled with 
fine dust-like sand which may have been wind-borne. The trench 
cuts diagonally across the scarp; and, evenif it could be accounted 
for by natural agencies, it is difficult to explain how it happened 
that so many elephants fell into it. The Author points out that 
in Africa elephants are caught by the natives in pitfalls of similar 
character constructed on the tracks leading to watercourses. This 
trench is in a corresponding position with regard to a stream, and 
it is suggested as possible that the trench may have been of human 
origin. There is, however, no conclusive evidence elsewhere that 
man was contemporary with Evephas meridionalis, which is charac- 
teristic of the Pliocene Age. 


November 23rd, 1904.—J. E. Marr, Sc.D., F.R.S., 
President, in the Chair. 


The following communication was read :— 


‘On an Ossiferous Cavern of Pleistocene Age at Hoe-Grange 
Quarry, Longeliffe, near Brassington (Derbyshire). By Henry 
Howe Arnold-Bemrose, M.A., F.G.S., and Edwin Tulley Newton, 
F.B.8., V.P:G.8. 


During quarrying-operations in Hoe-Grange limestone-quarry in 
April 1902 the workmen broke into a cayern. The discovery was 


328 Miscellaneous. 


first made known to the writers by Mr. J. Ward, of the Cardiff 
Museum, but the news of mammalian bones being found soon spread, 
and many of the remains were carried away. An arrangement to 
work the cave systematically was made, with the permission of the 
owner, Major Nicholson, and it has now been entirely worked out, 
the results being given in the present paper. 

The quarry is situated near the top of the plateau, at about 
1100 feet above Ordnance-datum. The cave is evidently a master- 
joint in the limestone, enlarged by water, and, besides being a 
swallow-hole, has served as a hyzena-den. The large number 
of mammalian remains found includes lion, hyzna, rhinoceros, 
Elephas, and other Pleistocene forms ; but, besides these, there were 
numerous bones and teeth of fallow-deer, mixed with the Pleistocene 
remains at all horizons in the cave. The physical conditions are 
such as to preclude, as the Authors think, any idea of a redeposition 
of the bones at any date subsequent to the Pleistocene Period ; 
and it is concluded, therefore, that the fallow-deer (Cervus dama) 
was a Pleistocene species, although hitherto supposed to be a much 
later introduction. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


On Chelonethi. By C. J. Wrrn, Copenhagen. 


By an oversight, which I greatly regret, the names Chelifer 
punctatus, Keys., and Ch. brevidigitatus, Keys., have been con- 
fused in my paper “On Chelonethi &c.” in the January number of 
. the ‘Annals.’ I have not examined Ch. brevidigitatus, as stated 
on p. 112, but Ch. punctatus; the former species is not in the 
collections of the British Museum, only the latter. The remarks on 
“Chelifer brevidigitatus, Keys. 1885 (3), pp. 48-49, tab. iv. 
figs. 6-6.c,” consequently refer to Ch. punctatus, Keys. 1885 (3), 
pp. 45-46, tab. iv. figs. 3-3 c. 

Owing to the same confusion of the names, “a’” and 6'"” in the 
synopsis (p. 97) must be altered to 


a", Hairs of the tergites within a 
distinct white spot; hand higher 
than broad, distinctly longer 


than fingets tad. G7 tees a punctatus, Keys. 
b'’, Hairs not situated in distinct 
white -sporsias Avot Ft O05 8s" brevidigitatus, Keys. 


An indistinctly written Museum label caused the locality for 
Ideoroncus mexicanus, Bks., to be wrongly given on p. 130. It 
should be “ Chantilly, Windward side of Grenada, West Indies.” 
On p. 139, fourth line from bottom, for “sternite” read 
“ segment.” 


THE ANNALS 


AND 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 


[SEVENTH SERIES. } 


No. 88. APRIL 1905. 


XLII.—A Revision of the Fishes of the South- American Cichlid 
Genera Acara, Nannacara, Acaropsis, and Astronotus. 
By C. Tate Reean, B.A. 


Tue Cichlid have recently been monographed by Pellegrin 
(Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904), who has dealt in a 
most interesting manner and at considerable length with 
their anatomy and with the biological problems which they 
present. However, I have arrived at somewhat different 
conclusions as to the distinction and arrangement of species 
in certain genera, which must be my excuse for the present 
paper. 

The genera here dealt with are distinguished from other 
American Cichlide by the following combination of cha- 
racters :— Dorsal fin without notch between spinous and soft 
portions ; gill-rakers short, in small or moderate number ; 
anal fin with 3 spines ; teeth conical; przeoperculum entire ; 
no lobe on the anterior branchial arch, ‘Their relations to 
each other may be shown thus :— 

T. Soft vertical fins scaleless or scaly at the base only. D. XIII-XVI 


7-12; A. III 6-11. 
A. Maxillary not exposed; preemaxillaries moderately protractile, 


Upper lateral line well separated from dorsal fin ........ Acara. 
Upper lateral line separated from dorsal fin by only 3a 
series of scales for most of its length ..,........... Nannacara. 


B. Maxillary exposed; preemaxillaries very protractile. -Acaropsis. 
II. Soft vertical fins covered with small scales; D. XII-XIV 19-21; 
YW Wa 8 se 2 eee Astronotus, 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 23 


330 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of the 


I have given a list of the specimens in the British Museum 
on which my descriptions are based, with the total length of 
each in millimetres. 


ACARA. 
Acara (part.), Heck. Ann. Mus. Wien, ii. 1840, p. 338; Giinth. Cat. 
Fish. iv. p. 276 (1862) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxi. 1875, p. 63. 

Aquidens *, Eigenm. & Bray, Ann. Ac. N. York, vii. 1894, p. 616. 

Acara, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 171 (1904). 

Body deep or moderately elongate, compressed ; scales 
large, usually finely ctenoid. ‘Two lateral lines, the upper 
well separated from the spinous dorsal. Mouth small or 
moderate; preemaxillaries moderately protractile; maxillary 
not exposed distally ; jaws with small conical teeth in bands, 
those of the outer series more or less enlarged ; upper surface 
of head scaly to between the orbits; cheeks and opercular 
bones scaly; przoperculum entire. Gill-rakers few and 
short ; no lobe on the upper part of the anterior branchial 
arch. <A single dorsal, with XIII-XVI 7-12 rays; anal 
with III 6-11 rays; soft dorsal and anal scaleless or scaly at 
the base; caudal truncate or rounded. Pectoral asym- 
metrical, with 12-15 rays; ventrals below or a little behind 
the base of the pectoral. 

Eighteen species from S. America, extending into Panama. 


Skeleton. 


In A. tetramerus the supraoccipital crest is high and 
extends forwards on the frontals, which are hollowed out 
anteriorly to form the posterior margin of the depression in 
which the premaxillary processes he. The latter are rather 
short, extending nearly to above the orbit; the parietal crests 
are moderately strong and extend to above the middle of the 
orbits. There are 26 vertebre (13+13); parapophyses are 
developed on the preecaudal vertebre from the fourth; the 
ribs are subsessile. The fourth vertebra bears a pair of feeble 
inferior apophyses. The lower pharyngeals are united by a 
straight suture. 

* Eigenmann and Bray say, “ No type was indicated for Acara until 
Gill in 1858 restricted it by exclusion of species of Astronotus and 
Cichlasoma to Heckel’s Acara crassispinis. But it has since been deter- 
mined that the <Acara crassispinis of Heckel is a synonym of Lobotes 
ocellatus, Agassiz, which is the type of Astronotus. The name Acara is 
therefore the exact synonym of Astronotus.” This argument appears 
unsound, After removing from Heckel’s genus the species which belong 
to Astronotus, Cichlosoma, and Acaropsis, | use Acara for the remainder, 
regarding Gill’s restriction of the name Acara to a species which was 
already the type of another genus as invalid, 


South-American Cichlid Genus Acara. 331 


This genus is scarcely distinct from the African Para- 
tilapia, which differs in having the maxillary more or less 
exposed distally and in the constantly smaller size of the 
scales of the thoracic region. The distinction between Acara, 
with 3 anal spines, and Cichlosoma, with 4 or more anal 
spines, is somewhat arbitrary, but convenient. 


Synopsis of the Species’. 


I. Preoperculum scaleless. 
A. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. 
1. Depth of body 2-2? in the length. 
a, 5 or 6 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch. 
* 2 or 23 scales between lateral line and anterior rays of soft 
dorsal. D. XIII-XVI9-11. A. III 8-10. 
1. tetramerus. 
** ] or 13 scales between lateral line and anterior rays of 
soft dorsal. 
t+ Dorsal spines subequal from about the fourth to the 
twelfth. D. XIII-XV 10-11. A. III 6-8. 
{ Caudal peduncle from } to as long as deep. 
Depth of body 2-23 in the length; middle dorsal 
spines more than 2 the length of head...... 2. vittata. 
Depth of body 24-22 in the length ; middle dorsal 
spines usually less than 2 the length of head. 3. syspilus. 
tt Caudal peduncle 3~3 as long as deep. 
4, paraguayensis. 
: +t Dorsal spines increasing in length throughout; caudal 
peduncle 3-3 as long as deep. 


D. XIII-XIV 9-11. A. IIL 7-9. Se. 24-263.. 5. pulehra. 
D. (XIV) XV 10-11. A.IIL8-9. Se. 26-285. 6. caruleopunctata. 


6. 7 to 9 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch, 
D. XIII-XV 9-12. A. III 8-9. 
Dorsal spines subequal from the fifth ; cheek with 


POI Ele SEALOS 5. but ete ete ao ee neta 7. equinoctialis, 
Dorsal spines increasing in length throughout ; 

cheek with 3 or 4 series of scales .......... 8. rivulata. 
Dorsal spines subequal from the fourth; cheek 

with 4aer ) series Of s¢alesin. 62's 5 0 od ve ales e's 9. Geayi. 


2. Depth of body 23-2% in the length. 
D. XIII-XIV 9-10. A. IIE 7-9. Caudal pe- 


duncle longer than deep ........0c56.00005 10. zamorensis. 
D. XV 10. A. III 8. Caudal peduncle deeper 
AMO EGTROD ihes Eoeaee ies! eas aiid chard dol biaia hs «ahs 11. sapayensis. 


1 Heros centralis, Holmberg (Rey. Argent. i. 1891, p. 185), is an in- 
sufficiently described species of doubtful position placed by Pellegrin in 
this genus. It may prove to be a Geophagus of the type of G. Balzani, 
Perugia. Acara minuta, Hensel (Arch, f. Nat. 1870, p. 71), appears to 
me to be founded on young examples of Geophagus gymnogenys, Hensel. 

23 


332 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of the 


B. Soft dorsal and anal scaly at the base. 
D. XIII 10. A. III 7. Caudal peduncle % as 


lon pA MeGni tii. 5% belag beeen eee Ms 12. guianensis. 
D. XIV-XVI 9-11. A. III 8-10. Caudal pe- 
duncle 3-2 as long as deep.....-.......00-> 13. portalegrensis. 


II. Preoperculum scaly *. 
A. Two series of scales on the cheek and one series on the pre- 
operculum. 
1, 23-26 scales in a longitudinal series. 
D. XTII-X1V 7-10. A. IIL 8 Dorsal and anal 


TITS BCHIOLORN 3.5 S eves claw ine wee cl pave Site ree 14. dorsizera. 
D. XIV-XV 9-10. A. III 7. Soft dorsal and 
anal ‘sdaly pbithe hase i. a.cekiet aceite ote 9 15. Thayert. 
DAV L910) os TTT Tasik aetna wee esit ek 16. flavilabris. 
2. 28-29 scales in a longitudinal series. D,XVI10-11. A.IIT8. 
17. frenifera. 


B. Three series of scales on the cheek and one or two series on the 
preoperculum. D, XV 10-11. A. III 9-11. 
18. Maronii. 


1. Acara tetramerus. 


Acara tetramerus, Heck. Ann. Mus. Wien, ii. 1840, p. 541; Gunth. 
Cat. Fish. iv. p. 277 (1862) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxi. 1875, 
p. 65; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1872, p. 255, and Proc. Am. Phil. 
Soe. xxxili. 1894, p. 106; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 
1903, p. 171 (1904). 

Acara viridis, Heck. t. c. p. 843; Giinth. t. ¢. p. 280. 

Acara diadema, Heck. t. c. p. 344. 

Acara pallidus, Heck. t. c. p. 847; Giinth. t. ec. p. 280. 

Chromys punctata, Casteln, Anim. Am. Sud, Poiss. p. 13, pl. viii. fig. 1 
(1855). 

Chromys uniocellata, Casteln. t. ¢. p. 15, pl. vi. fig. 1. 

Acara vittata (non Heck.), Gunth. ¢. ¢. p. 279. 

Acara uniocellata, Giinth. t. ¢. p. 281. 

Astronotus tetramerus, Eigenm. & Eigenm Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 
1891, p. 68; Eigenm. & Bray, Ann. Ac. N. York, vii. 1894, p. 617. 
AEquidens tetramerus, Eigenm, & Kennedy, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1903, 

p- 594. 


Depth of body 2-24 in the length, length of head 23-3. 
Snout shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of 
eye 23-32 in the length of head, interorbital width 22-23. 
Depth of preorbital 4-14 the diameter of eye. Maxillary 
extending about to the vertical from anterior margin of eye; 
jaws equal anteriorly ; fold of the lower lip not continuous ; 
cheek with 3 or 4 series of scales; preeoperculum scaleless ; 
5 or 6 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch, 

3-38 


Seales 25-27 —*, 2 or 2} between lateral line and anterior 


1 PA, frenifera. 


South- American Cichlid Genus Acara. 300 
rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal XIITI-XV (XVI) 9-11, com- 


mencing above the opercular cleft, the spines subequal from 
ihe gle or slightly increasing in length to the last, which 
is 2-4 the length of head. Anal III 8-10. Dorsal and anal 
fins scaleless. Pectoral at least as long as the head ; ventral 
extending to origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded. 
Caudal peduncle $-3 as long as deep. Olivaceous, with 5 
dark cross-bars, the first crossing the anterior 7 or 8 scales 
of the lateral line, the second the 9th or 10th and 3. suc- 
ceeding scales of the lateral line, below which it bears a 
blackish blotch ; a dark spot below the posterior part of eye 
a dark ocellated spot on the upper part of the base of caudal ; 
usually a dark longitudinal band from lateral blotch to 
caudal spot, sometimes continued forward to the eye ; vertical 
fins dusky, usually spotted. 

R. Amazon ; Guiana. 


1-5. (90-181 mm.) S. America. Sir R. Schomburgk. 
6. (112 mm.) Essequibo River. Mr. Ehrhardt. 
7. (110 mm.) 
8-10. (71-124 mm.) Cudajas. Mus. Comp. Zool. 
11-138. (81-96 mm.) Cudayas. Prof. A. Agassiz. 


2. Acara vittata. 


Acara vitiata, Heck. Ann. Mus. Wien, ii. 1840, p. 346; Steind. Sitzb. 
Ak. Wien, Ixxi. 1875, p. 72, pl. iii. fic. 1x, 

Acara vittata (part.), Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 1738 
(1904). 

Depth of body 23-22 in the length, length of head 27-24. 
Snout shorter fia postorbital part of head. Diameter of 
eye 3-3? in the length of head, interorbital width 22-3. 
Depth of preeorbital about equal to diameter of eye. Max- 
illary extending nearly to below the anterior margin of eye ; 
jaws equal anteriorly ; cheek with 3 series of scales ; pree- 
operculum scaleless; 6. gill- oS on the lower part of 
anterior arch. Scales 24-26 2 5» 1 between lateral line and 


anterior rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal XIII-XIV 10-11, com- 
mencing above the opercular cleft, the spmes subequal from 
about the fourth to the twelfth, which are more than 2? the 
length of head, the last 4 the length of head; soft fin ex- 
tending nearly to middle of caudal. Anal III 7-8. Dorsal 
and anal fins scaleless. Pectoral as long as the head; ventral 
extending to origin of anal or beyond. Caudal * rounded or 
truncate. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Oliva- 
ceous, with obscure darker cross-bars ; a dark longitudinal 

* Dr. Steindachner has very kindly informed me that in adult males 
the caudal is even slightly emarginate. 


334 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of the 


band from eye to end of soft dorsal; a dark vertical stripe 
below the posterior margin of eye; a dark spot on the upper 
part of the base of caudal ; vertical fins with dark spots. 
Guiana; R. Amazon; R. Paraguay. 
The examples described by Steindachner measure up to 
about 130 mm. in total length. 


3. Acara syspilus. 


eee syspilus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. xxiii. 1872, p, 265, pl. xi. 

g. 3. 

Acara vittata (part.), Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, 
p. 173 (1904). 

Depth of body 21-22 in the length, length of head 24. 
Snout a little shorter than postorbital part of head. Dia- 
meter of eye 3} in the length of head and equal to the inter- 
orbital width. Depth of preorbital # the diameter of eye. 
Maxillary extending to the vertical from anterior margin of 
eye ; lower jaw slightly shorter than the upper; fold of the 
lower lip not continuous ; cheek with 3 series of scales ;_ pra- 
operculum scaleless ; 5 or 6 gill-rakers on the lower part of 


anterior arch. Scales 26-27 5, 14 between lateral line and 
base of anterior rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal XIV-XV 9-10, 
commencing above extremity of operculum, the spines sub- 
equal from the fourth or fifth to the twelfth or thirteenth, 
which are }—? the length of head; last spine from ? to nearly 
4 the length of head; soft fin extending nearly to middle of 
caudal. Anal III 7 (8). Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. 
Pectoral as long as the head; ventral extending to origin of 
anal or beyond. Caudal subtruncate. Caudal peduncle 
3-4 as long as deep. Olivaceous, with about 7 darker cross- 
bars aud with a dark longitudinal band from eye to end of 
base of dorsal; a dark vertical stripe below the posterior 
part of eye; vertical fins dusky, with darker spots, which 
are most distinct on the soft dorsal. 
Upper Amazon. 


1-3. (95-101 mm.) Canelos. C. Buckley, Esq. 


I have little doubt that these specimens belong to the 
species which Cope founded on very young specimens and 
which appears to differ from A. vittata in the more slender 
body, longer snout, narrower intcrorbital space, and less 
elevated spinous dorsal. 


South-American Cichlid Genus Acara. 335 


4. Acara paraguayensis. 
Acara paraguayensis, EKigenm. & Kennedy, Proc. Ac, Philad. ly. 1903, 
p. 534; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1908, p. 175 (1904). 
Depth of body 23-23 in the length, length of head 23-23. 
Snout shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of 
eye 23-31 in the length of head, interorbital width 21—3. 
Depth of przorbital equal to diameter of eye or less. Max- 
illary extending to the vertical from anterior margin of eye ; 
jaws equal anteriorly or the lower the shorter; fold of the 
lower lip not continuous; cheek with 3 series of scales ; 
preoperculum scaleless ; 6 gill-rakers on the lower part of 
21-3 


anteriorarch. Scales 24-26 =, 1 or 14 between lateral line 


and anterior rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal XIV (XIII-XV) 
9-10, commencing above the opercular cleft, the spines sub- 
equal from the fourth to the twelfth, which are more than 
2 the length of head, thence slightly increasing to the last, 
which is } the length of head; longest soft rays extending 
nearly to middle of caudal. Anal III 7 (6-8). Dorsal and 
anal fins scaleless. Pectoral a little longer than the head ; 
ventral extending beyond origin of anal, sometimes to the 
posterior end of base of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal 
peduncle 3—2 as long as deep. Body with about 7 dark 
cross-bars, the third bearing a large blackish blotch below 
the seventh to the tenth scales of the lateral line; a dark 
longitudinal stripe from eye to lateral blotch ; a dark vertical 
stripe below the eye; a dark spot on the upper part of the 
base of caudal; soft dorsal with oblique dark stripes or series 
of spots posteriorly. 

R. Paraguay. 

1. (97 mm.) Corumbo, Matto Grosso. Spencer Moore, Esq. 

2. (79 mm.) Descalvados, Matto Grosso. = Dr. Ternetz. 
3-5. (49-71 mm.) Carandasifho, Matto Grosso, Dr. A. Borelli. 


5. Acara pulchra. 
Cychlasoma pulchrum, Gill, Ann. Lye. N. York, vi. 1858, p. 382, 
Acara ceruleopunctata, var. latifrons, Steind, Denkschr. Ak. Wien, 


xxxix. 1879, p. 27. 
Acara pulchra (part.), Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, 


p. 176 (1904). 
Depth of body 23-23 in the length, length of head 2}-23. 
Snout shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of 
eye 31-3} in the length of head, interorbital width 23-22. 
Depth of przorbital a little less than diameter of eye. Max- 
illary extending to the vertical from anterior margin of eye ; 


336 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of the 


jaws equal anteriorly ; fold of the lower lp not continuous ; 
cheek with 3 series of scales ; preoperculum scaleless ; 6 gill- 
rakers on the lower part of anterior arch. Scales 24-26 , 1 


or 14 between lateral line and anterior rays of soft dorsal. 
Dorsal XITI-XIV 9-11, commencing above opercular cleft, 
the spines increasing in length to the last, which is 3 the 
length of head; fourth spine 1—? the length of head; soft 
fin pointed, the longest rays extending nearly to the end of 
caudal. Anal III 7-9. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. 
Pectoral a little longer than the head; ventral extending 
nearly to middle of anal; caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 
3-2 as long as deep. Olivaceous, with 7 or 8 dark cross- 
bars, the third crossing the 9th or 10th and succeeding scale 
of the lateral line and bearing a blackish blotch below the 
lateral line ; a dark vertical bar below the posterior } of eye; 
sides of the head and anterior part of the body with blue 
spots, some of those on the head confluent to form stripes; 
fins dusky, the spinous dorsal with about 3 almost longitu- 
dinal dark stripes, the soft dorsal with narrow oblique stripes 
or series of spots; caudal with dark spots. 
Colombia; Venezuela; Trinidad. 


1-3. (114-125 mm.) Baranquilla, Colombia. Kay Thomson, Esq. 
4-6. (105-119 mm.) Trinidad. L. Guppy, Esq. 


This species has been confounded with A. cweruleopunctata, 
from which it is distinguished by the larger scales, fewer 
dorsal spines, broader interorbital space, and more produced 
soft dorsal and anal. 


6. Acara ceruleopunctata. 


Acara ceruleopunctata, Kner & Steind, Sitzb. Bayern Ak, 1863, p. 222, 
and Abhandl. Bayern Ak, x. 1864, p. 16, pl. ii. fig. 8; Giinth. Trans, 
Zool. Soe. vi. 1869, p. 449. 


Aiquidens ceruleopunctatus, Jord. & Eyerm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 
1898, p. 1514. 

Acara pulchra (part.), Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, 
p- 176 (1904). 


Depth of body 23-23 in the length, length of head 24-3. 
Snout shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of 
eye 54 in the length of head, interorbital width 23-22. 
Depth of preorbital equal to diameter of eye or less. 
Maxillary extending to the vertical from anterior margin of 
eye ; jaws equal anteriorly; fold of the lower lip not con- 
tinuous or subcontinuous; cheek with 3 series of scales ; 
preoperculum scaleless; 5 or 6 gill-rakers on the lower part of 


South-American Cichlid Genus Acara. 337 


anterior arch. Scales 26-28 oa 1 or 14 between lateral line 
and anterior rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal* XIV—XV 10-11, 
commencing above opercular cleft, the spines increasing in 
length to the last, which is nearly 4 4 the length of head; 
fourth spine nearly 1 the length of head soft fin pointed, 
the longest rays extending to the middle of caudal. Anal 
III 8-9. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. Pectoral nearly 
as long as the head; ventral extending to or a little beyond 
origin of anal; caudal subtruncate or rounded. Caudal 
peduncle 3-4 as long as deep. Olivaceous, with 5 dark 
cross-bars, the third bearing a_ blackish blotch below the 
lateral line ; sides of head and anterior part of body with 
blue spots ; 2 or 3 oblique blue lines from eye to maxillary ; 
fins dusky, the posterior part of the soft dorsal with oblique 
series of spots, the caudal obscurely spotted. 
Panama; North-western Ecuador. 


1-2. (129 and 134 mm.) Rio Chagres, O. Salvin, Esq. 
3-4, (102 and 142 mm.) N.W. Ecuador, Mr. Rosenberg, 


7. Acara equinoctialis, sp. n. 

Chromis rivulata (part.), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 418. 

Acara pulchra (part.), Giinth. Cat, Fish. iv. p. 280 (1862). 

Acara rivulata (part.), Bouleng. Boll. Mus. Torin, xiv. 1899, no. 335, 

p- 5; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1908, p. 177 (1904). 

Depth of body 2—2} in the length, length of head 22-24. 
Snout shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter 4 
eye 24-32 in the length of head, interorbital width 24- 
Depth of preeorbital equal to the diameter of- eye or ic. 
Maxillary extending to the vertical from anterior margin of 
eye ; jaws equal anteriorly; fold of the lower lip not con- 
tinuous; cheek with 3 series of scales; praoperculum 
scaleless ; 8 or 9 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior 
arch. Scales 25-26 = 14 between lateral line and anterior 
rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal XIJI-XV 10-12, commencing 
above the opercular cleft, tle spies subequal from the fifth, 
which is more than ? the length of head; soft fin pointed, 
extending nearly to middle of caudal. Anal III 8-9. Dorsal 
and anal fins scaleless. Pectoral at least as long as the head ; 
ventral extending to origin of anal or Leona Caudal sub- 
truncate or rounded. Caudal peduncle 2—? as long as deep. 
Olivaceous, with darker cross-bars, the rey crossing the first 
7 or 8 scales of the lateral line, the second the 9th or 10th 
and 3 succeeding scales of the lateral line, bearing a large 


* Of the four specimens three have fifteen dorsal spines. 


338 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of the 


blackish blotch below the lateral line; sometimes a dark 
vertical stripe below the eye; 2 or 3 blue lines from eye to 
maxillary; sides of head and anterior part of body with blue 
spots ; vertical fins dusky, obscurely spotted. 

Western Ecuador. 


1-4, (52-96 mm.) types of the species. W. Ecuador. 
5-6, (55 and 76 mm.) Rio Vinces. Dr. H. Festa. 


Although similar to A. rivulata in colour, this species is 
markedly different in other characters. 


8. Acara rivulata. 
Chromis rivulata (part.), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 418. 
Acara pulchra (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 280 (1862). 
Acara rivulata (part.), Bouleng. Boll. Mus. Torin. xiv. 1899, no. 335, 
p. 5; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 177 (1904). 


Depth of body 23-2? in the length, length of head 3. 
Snout as long as postorbital part of head. Diameter of eye 
32-4 in the length of head, interorbital width 3-3}. Depth 
of preorbital 1-14 the diameter of eye. Maxillary not ex- 
tending to the vertical from anterior margin of eye; jaws 
equal anteriorly ; fold of the lower lip not continuous ; cheek 
with 3 or 4 series of scales ; preeoperculum scaleless ; 7 or 8 
gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch. Scales 


27-28 =*, 11 between lateral line and anterior rays of soft 
dorsal. Dorsal XIV-—XV 10-12, commencing above the 
opercular cleft, the spines increasing in length to the last, 
which is a little more than ? the length of head; fourth 
spine } the length of head or a little less; soft fin pointed, 
the longest rays extending nearly to middle of caudal, some- 
times beyond. Anal III 8-9. Dorsal and anal fins scale- 
less. Pectoral nearly as long as the head; ventral extending 
nearly to origin of anal; caudal rounded ; caudal peduncle 
as long or nearly as long asdeep. Brownish above, yellowish 
below; 4 or 5 cross-bands on the side which are much 
broader than the interspaces between them, the first crossing 
the first 7 or 8 scales of the lateral line, the second the 9th 
or 10th and 3 succeeding scales of the lateral line, bearing a 
large blackish blotch below the lateral line; a blackish 
vertical stripe below the eye; 3 blue lines from eye to max- 
‘illary ; sides of head with blue spots; vertical fins dusky, 
obscurely spotted. 
Western Ecuador. 


1. (136 mm.) type of the species. W. Ecuador. 
2-4, (113-126 mm.) Rio Peripa. Dr. H. Festa. 


South-American Cichlid Genus Acara. 339 


9. Acara Geayi. 
? Acara Heckelit, Mull. & Trosch. in Schomburgk, Guiana, iii. p. 624 
(1848); Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 279 (1862). 
Acara Geayt, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1902, p. 417 ; Mém. Soc. Zool. 
France, xvi. 1903, p. 178 (1904). 

Depth of body 2-21 in the length, length of head 3. 
Snout longer than postorbital part of head. Diameter of 
eye 24-3 in the length of head and equal to the interorbital 
width. Depth of preorbital greater than diameter of eye. 
Maxillary not reaching the vertical from the anterior margin 
of eye; jaws equal anteriorly ; fold of the lower lip not con- 
tinuous ; cheek with 4 or 5 series of scales, preeoperculum 
scaleless ; 7 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch. 
Scales 26-27 =. Dorsal XIV-XV 9-11, commencing a little 
in advance of the opercular cleft, the spines subequal from 
the fourth, the last 3-3 the length of head. Anal III 8. 
Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. Pectoral as long as the head ; 
ventral extending to middle of anal; caudal truncate. 
Caudal peduncle 2 as long as deep. Brownish; a curved 
blackish band from the origin of dorsal through the eye to 
the suboperculum and another from below the middle of the 
spinous dorsal across the side nearly to the mid-ventral line. 
Soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with light spots. 


Guiana. 
1. (84 mm.) Essequibo. Mr. Ehrhardt. 
2. (91 mm.) Cayenne. Warsaw Museum. 


10. Acara zamorensis, sp. 0. 
Acara syspilus (non Cope), Bouleng. Boll. Mus. Torin. xiv. 1899, 
no. 335, p. 6. 
mit ne (part.), Pellegr, Mém. Soc, Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 173 
Depth of body 22 in the length, length of head 3. Snout 
shorter than the postorbital part of head. Diameter of eye 
33 in the length of head, interorbital width 3. Depth of 
preorbital equal to diameter of eye. Maxillary extending 
to the vertical from anterior margin of eye; jaws equal 
anteriorly ; fold of the lower lip not continuous; cheek with 
3 series of scales; preeoperculum scaleless; 5 gill-rakers on 
the lower part of anterior arch. Scales 27 ) 1 between 
lateral line and anterior rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal 
XIII (XIV 9) 10, commencing behind the opercular cleft, 
the spines increasing in length to the last, which is 2 the 
length of head; fourth spine ? the length of head; longest 


340 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of the 


soft rays extending to anterior } of caudal. Anal III (7-8) 9 
Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. Pectoral + the length of 
head ; ventral extending to origin of anal; caudal subtrun- 
cate. Caudal peduncle 1} as long asdeep. Reddish brown, 
with about 7 blackish cross-bars, the first three bearing 
longitudinally expanded blotches below the lateral line; a 
faint dark bar below the posterior part of eye; a dark spot 
at the base of caudal; sides of head and anterior part of 
body with blue spots ; vertical fins dusky, posterior part of 
dorsal and the caudal obscurely spotted. 
Amazons of Ecuador. 


1. (101 mm.) type of the species. Rio Zamora. Dr. H. Festa. 


11. Acara sapayensis. 


Acara sapayensis, Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. 1903, p. 628. 
Acara rivulata (part.), Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1908, 
p. 177 (1904). 

Depth of body 23 in the length, length of head 22. Snout 
a little shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of 
eye 31 in the length of head, interorbital width 22. Depth 
of preorbital # the diameter of eye. Maxillary extending 
to the vertical from the anterior margin of eye; lower jaw a 
little shorter than the upper; cheek with 3 series of scales ; 
preoperculum scaleless ; 5 gill-rakers on the lower part of 
anterior arch. Scales 26 =, 1 between lateral line and ante- 
rior rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal XV 10, originating behind 
the opercular de ft, the spines increasing in length to the 
last, which is 2 2 the length of head; fourth spine 3 the length 
of head ; soft fin pointed, the longest rays extending beyond 
the middle of caudal. Anal III 8. Dorsal and anal’ fins 
scaleless. Pectoral nearly as long as the head; ventral ex- 
tending to origin of anal ; caudal subtruncate. Caudal 
peduncle # as jong as deep. Brown, with 6 or 7 blackish 
cross-bars on the upper half of the body, extending on to 
the base of the dorsal fin ; some oblique blue lines from eye 
to maxillary and blue spots on the side of the head ; vertical 
fins dusky. 

N.W. Ecuador. 


1. (114 mm.) type of the species. R. Sapayo. Mr. Rosenberg. 


12. Acara guianensis, sp. n. 


Depth of body 2 in the length, length of head 3. Snout 
shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of eye 3} 


South-American Cichlid Genus Acara. S41 


in the length of head,’interorbital width 22. Depth of pree- 
orbital ? the diameter of eye. Maxillary extending to the 
vertical from anterior margin of eye ; jaws equal anteriorly ; 
fold of the lower lip continuous; cheek with 3 series of 
scales ; preeoperculum scaleless ; 5 gill-rakers on the lower 
part of anterior arch. Scales 25 s Dorsal XIII 10, com- 


mencing above the opercular cleft, the spines subequal from 
the fourth, the last nearly $ the length of head, the middle 
soft rays elongate, extending to the end of caudal. Anal 
III 7. Soft dorsal and anal scaly at the base. Pectoral 
longer than the head; ventral extending a little beyond the 
origin of anal; caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle ~ as long 
as deep. Body with 5 or 6 dark cross-bars, the second 
crossing the 7th to 10th scales of the lateral line and bearing 
a large darker blotch below the lateral line; the third and 
fourth bars with smaller and fainter blotches; a dark bar 
below the posterior part of eye and a dark spot on the upper 
half of the base of caudal ; soft dorsal, posterior part of anal, 
and base of caudal spotted. 
Guiana. 


1. (110 mm.) type of the species. Guiana. Berlin Museum. 


13. Acara portalegrensis. 
? Acura dimerus, Heck. Aun, Mus. Wien, ii. 1840, p- 341; Giinth. Cat. 
Fish. iv. p. 277 (1862). 
Acara portalegrensis, Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1870, p. 52; Pellegr. Mém. 
Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 173 (1904). 

Depth of body 2 in the length, length of head 23-3, 
Snout shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of 
eye 23-33 in the length of head, interorbital width 21-21, 
Depth of preorbital }-} the diameter of eye. Maxillary 
extending to or beyond the vertical from anterior margin of 
eye; jaws equal anteriorly; fold of the lower hp not con- 
tinuous; cheek with 2-3 series of scales ; preoperculum 
scaleless; 5 or 6 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior 
arch. Scales 24-26 *. Dorsal XIV-XVI 9-11, com- 
mencing above the opercular cleft, the spines not or but 
slightly increasing in length posteriorly, the last 2-1 the 
length of head, the longest rays extending to middle of 
caudal or beyond. Anal III 8-10. Soft dorsal and anal 
scaly at the base. Pectoral as long as the head; ventral ex- 
tending to origin of anal or beyond; caudal rounded. 
Caudal peduncle 3-2 as long as deep. Body with 8 or 9 
dark cross-bands, the third bearing a blackish blotch below 


342 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of the 


the lateral line; a dark band from eye to lateral blotch; a 
dark bar or spot below the eye; a white line from eye to 
nostril and beyond ; often a large dark ocellus on the upper 
part of base of caudal, this varying considerably and some- 
times completely wanting ; posterior part of soft dorsal and 
anal with oblique dark stripes; dark stripes on the caudal 
more or less oblique if an ocellus be present, vertical if it be 
absent. 
Rio Paraguay; Rio Grande do Sul. 


1. (76 mm.) Descalvados, Matto Grosso. Dr. Ternetz. 
2. (119 mm.) Paraguayan Chaco. Dr. Ternetz. 
3. (120 mm.) Luqui, Paraguay. Dr. A. Borelli. 
4. (95 mm.) Paraguayan Chaco. Graham Kerr, Esq. 
5-6, (S8and96mm.) Bahia Negra, N. Chaco. G. Boggiani. 
7-9. (88-82 mm.) —_ Carandasiiho, Matto Grosso. Dr. A. Borelli. 
10. (64 mm.) Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. von Ihering. 


14. Acara dorsigera. 
Acara dorsigera, Heck. Ann. Mus, Wien, 1i. 1840, p. 848 ; Giinth. Cat. 
Fish. iv. p. 280 (1862); Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxi. 1875, p. 76; 
Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 174 (1904). 


Depth of body 2} in the length, length of head 23-24. 
Head very similar to that of A. ¢etramerus, but with 2 series 
of scales on the cheek and 1 series on the przoperculum ; 
6 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch. Scales 
23-24 = Dorsal XIII-XIV 7-10. Anal III 8. Dorsal 


and anal fins scaleless. Pectoral as long as the head. 
Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle $ as long as deep. 
Olivaceous, with 7 or 8 more or less distinct darker cross- 
bars; a dark blotch below the ninth to eleventh scales of 
the lateral line; a dark longitudinal band from eye to lateral 
blotch ; a dark spot on the spinous dorsal between the eighth 
and tenth spines; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with series of 
alternate light and dark spots. 

R. Amazon; R. Paraguay. 

The examples described by Heckel and Steindachner 
measure up to 53 mm. in total length. 


15. Acara Thayeri. 


Acara Thayeri, Steind. Sitzb. Ak, Wien, ]xxi. 1875, p. 68, pl. i. fig. 2; 
Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 175 (1904), 

Depth of body 2 in the length, length of head 8. Snout 
shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of eye 3 in 
the length of head, interorbital width 23-23. Maxillary not 
extending to below the eye; jaws equal anteriorly ; cheek 


South-American Cichlid Genus Acara. 343 


with 2 series of scales, preoperculum with 1 series ; 6 gill- 
rakers on the lower part of anterior arch. Scales 23-24 as 
Dorsal XIV-XV 9-10, commencing above the opercular 
cleft, the spines only slightly increasing after the fifth, the 
last nearly 4 the length of head; soft fin extending to middle 
of caudal or beyond. Anal III 7. Soft dorsal and anal 
scaly at the base. Pectoral as long as the head ; ventral 
extending to origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded. 
Caudal peduncle 4 as longasdeep. Olivaceous, with obscure 
darker cross-bars; a dark longitudinal band from eye to 
below the fourth scale of the lateral line ; a dark blotch on 
and below the sixth to the tenth scales of the lateral line, 
and another above it extending on to the spinous dorsal ; 
soft dorsal, anal, and caudal sometimes with dark spots. 

R. Amazon. 

The examples described by Steindachner measure up to 
110 mm. in total length. 


16. Acara flavilabris. 
Acara flavilabris, Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xi. 1870, p. 572, and 
xvil. 1878, p. 696 ; Proc. Ac. Philad. 1872, p. 255, pl. x1. tig. 4. 
Closely allied to A. Thayeri, which it resembles in haying 
2 series of scales on the cheek and 1 series on the preoper- 
culum, and quite wrongly placed in the synonymy of 
A. tetramerus by Steindachner and by Pellegrin. Dorsal 
XVI 9-10. Anal III 7. Scales 24 2. Caudal peduncle 


apparently more than } as long as deep. A dark blotch on 
the lateral line before the middle of the side of the body ; a 
dark bar at the base of caudal; lower lip yellowish. 

River Ambyiacu, Upper Amazon. 

Cope states that all five specimens examined by him agree 
in having 16 dorsal spines. 


17. Acara frenifera. 
Acara freniferus, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1872, p.255; Pellegr. Mém. 
Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 177 (1904). 

Apparently allied to the preceding species, but with more 
numerous scales, 28-29 in a longitudinal series. Dorsal 
XVI 10-11. Anal III 8. Body with dark cross-bars; a 
blackish spot below the middle of the dorsal fin, connected 
with the eye by a blackish longitudinal band. 

River Ambyiacu, Upper Amazon. 


344 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of the 


18. Acara Maroniz. 


Acara Maronii, Steind. Denkschr, Ak. Wien, xliii. 1882, p. 141, pl. ii. 
fig. 4; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1908, p. 179 (1904). 

Depth of body 13-1} in the length, length of head 3. 
Snout considerably shorter than postorbital part of head. 
Diameter of eye 3 in the length of head, interorbital width 
23. Depth of praorbital # the diameter of eye. Maxillary 
extending to the vertical from anterior margin of eye; jaws 
equal anteriorly ; fold of the lower lip slightly interrupted ; 
cheek with 3 series of scales, preeoperculum with 1 or 2 
series ; 5 or 6 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch. 
Scales 24 “. Dorsal XV 10-11, commencing above the 
opercular cleft, the spines not or but slightly increasing in 
length posteriorly, the last } the length of head, the longest 
soft rays produced to or beyond the end of caudal. Anal 
III 9-11. Soft dorsal and anal strongly scaly at the base. 
Pectoral as long as the head; ventral extending beyond 
origin of anal, sometimes nearly to the posterior end of base 
of anal; caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle }—4 as long as 
deep. Brownish; a blackish curved band from origin of 
dorsal through eye to suboperculum ; a blackish blotch above 
the lateral line below the posterior dorsal spines. 

Guiana. 


1-2. (83 and 87 mm.) Surinam. Mr. Kappler. 
3. (77 mm.) Demerara. F. G. Beckford, Esq. 


NANNACARA, gen. nov. 


Closely allied to Acara, but the upper lateral line runs 
obliquely upwards to the spinous dorsal, from which it is 
separated by only half a series of scales for most of its 
length. 

_A single species from the Essequibo. 


Nannacara anomala, sp. n. 


Acara punctulata (part.), Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. 1863, 
p. 441. 

Depth of body 2? in the length, length of head 3. Snout 
much shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of 
eye 3 in the length of head and greater than the interorbital 
width. Depth of preorbital 4 the diameter of eye. Max- 
illary extending to below the eye; jaws equal anteriorly ; 
fold of the lower lip continuous; cheek with 2 series of 
scales, preeoperculuin with 1| series ; 5 or 6 gill-rakers on the 


South-American Cichlid Genus Acaropsis. 345 


lower part of anterior arch. Scales 23-24 %*, 4 a scale 


between upper lateral line and dorsal fin for most of its 
length. Dorsal XVI 8, commencing above the opercular 
cleft, the spines subequal or slightly increasing after the 
sixth, the last nearly 4 the length of head; soft fin extending 
beyond middle of caudal. Anal IIL 8. Pectoral as long as 
the head; ventral extending to origin of anal. Caudal 
rounded or pointed, the middle rays being somewhat pro- 
duced. Caudal peduncle 4 as long as deep. Brownish, with 
a dark longitudinal stripe from eye to base of caudal and a 
dark oblique stripe from eye to angle of preoperculum ; soft 
dorsal, anal, and caudal obscurely spotted. 
R. Essequibo. 


1-2. (55 and 57 mm.) types of the species. R.Essequibo. Mr. Ehrhardt. 


This curious species was considered by Pellegrin to 
be probably identical with Biotoduma Aygassizii, Stdr. 
However, there is no trace of a lobe on the upper part of 
the anterior branchial arch, and the scaly preeoperculum also 
separates it from the known species of Biotodoma. 


AcAROPSIS. 

Acara (part.), Heck. Ann. Mus. Wien, ii. 1840, p. 888; Gtinth. Cat. 
Fish. iv. p. 276 (1862). 

Acaropsis, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxxi. 1875, p. 80; Eigenm. & Bray, 
Ann. Ac. N. York, vii. 1894, p. 613; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. 
France, xvi. 1503, p. 180 (1904). 

Differs from Acara only in the somewhat larger mouth, 

very protractile preemaxillaries, and exposed maxillary. 

A single species from the Amazon, Venezuela, and Guiana. 

The skeleton is very similar to that of Acara tetramerus, 

but the greater length of the ascending processes of the 
premaxillaries, which extend to above the middle of the orbit, 
is correlated with a somewhat shorter occipital crest and 
shorter and weaker parietal crests. ‘There are 20 vertebree 
(12+18), the third bearing a pair of feeble inferior 
apophyses. 


Acaropsis nassa. 


Acara nassa, Heck. Ann. Mus. Wien, ii. 1840, p. 853; Giinth. Cat. 
Fish. iv. p. 281 (1862). 

Acara cognatus, Heek. t. c. p. 356. 

Acara unicolor, Heck. t. ce. p. 357. 

Acara (Acuropsis) nassa, Steind. Sitzb, Ak. Wien, lxxi. 1870, p. 81, 

Lat, 

Lipardued nassa, Kigenm. & Bray, Ann, Ac. N. York, vii. 1894, p. 618 ; 

Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 180 (1904). 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 24 


346 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of the 


Depth of body 2-23 in the length, length of head 23-23. 
Snout not longer than eye, the diameter of which is 22-34 
in the length of head and equal to or greater than the inter- 
orbital width. Depth of przorbital } to a little more than 4 
the diameter of eye. Mouth oblique; lower jaw projecting ; 
maxillary extending to below anterior part or middle of eye ; 
premaxillary processes extending to above posterior margin 
of eye; cheek with 2 or 3 series of scales, none on the pre- 
operculum; 10-11 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior 
arch. Scales 23-24 ea 4a scale between lateral line and 
anterior rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal XIJI-XIV 9-11, com- 
mencing above the opercular cleft, the spines increasing in 
length to the last, which is } the length of head, the soft fin 
pointed, extending to middle or posterior extremity of caudal. 
Anal III 8-9. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. Pectoral 
longer than the head, extending to above middle of anal. 
Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 3-3 as long as deep. 
Brownish ; a blackish spot on the middle of the side, another 
at the origin of the lateral line, a third below the posterior 
part of eye, and a fourth on the angle of the preeoperculum, 
the last often ocellated ; a dark spot on the upper 4 of the 
base of caudal; soft vertical fins usually with small dark 
spots. 

R. Amazon ; R. Orinoco ; Guiana. 


1. (152 mm.) R. Cupai. 

2. (140 mm.) Demerara. F. G. Beckford, Esq. 

3. (Skeleton.) Teffé. Mus. Comp. Zool. 

4, (195 mm.) Tonantins. Paris Museum. 
ASTRONOTUS. 


Astronotus, Swains, Nat. Hist. Fish. il. p. 229 (1839); Pellegr. Mém. 
Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 182 (1904). 

Acara (part.), Heck. Ann. Mus. Wien, ii. 1840, p. 8388. 

Hygrogonus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 803 (1862). 

Astronotus (part.), Eigenm. & Bray, Ann. Ac. N. York, vii. 1894, 
p- 615. 


Body ovate, compressed; scales rather large, ctenoid. 
Two lateral lines. Mouth moderate; maxillary scarcely 
exposed ; jaws with small conical teeth in bands and with an 
outer series of rather strong teeth; upper surface of head 
scaly to between the orbits; cheeks and opercular bones 
scaly ; preoperculum entire. Gull-rakers few and _ short. 
A single dorsal, with XII-XIV 19-21 rays; anal with 
III 15-16 rays; soft vertical fins densely covered with small 


South-American Cichlid Genus Astronotus. 347 


scales; caudal rounded. Pectoral asymmetrical, with 15 
rays ; ventrals a little behind the base of the pectoral. 

A single species from South America. 

The skeleton is very similar to that of Acara tetramerus, 
but there are 31 vertebre (16+15), the third and fourth 
forming a very distinct inferior process for the attachment 
of the pharyngeal muscles. 


Astronotus ocellatus. 
Lobotes ocellatus, Agass. in Spix, Pisce. Bras. p. 129, pl. lxviii. (1829). 
Astronotus ocellatus, Swains. Nat. Hist. Fish. 11. p. 229 (1839); Eigenm. 
& Bray, Ann. Ac. N. York, vii. 1894, p. 617 ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool, 
France, xvi. 1903, p. 182 (1904). 

Acara crassispinis, Heck. Ann, Mus, Wien, ii. 1840, p. 356, 

Cychla rubroocellata, Schomb. Fish. Guiana, ii. p. 153, pl. x. (1843). 

Hygrogonus ocellatus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. iy. p. 303 (1862), 

Acura compressus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1872, p. 256. 

Acara ocellata, Steind, Sitzb, Ak. Wien, Ixxi. 1875, p. 77. 

Acara hyposticta, Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xvii. 1878, p. 697. 

Astronotus ocellatus, var. zebra, Pellegr. t. c. p. 188. 

Astronotus hypostictus, Pellegr. J. ¢. 

Depth of body 2-23 in the length, length of head 3. 
Snout as long as or longer than eye, the diameter of which 
is 4-4) in the length of head, interorbital width 21-21. 
Depth of preorbital 4 the diameter of eye. Mouth oblique; 
lower jaw slightly projecting; maxillary very slightly ex- 
posed, extending*to below anterior $ of eye; premaxillary 
process extending to above anterior } of eye; cheek with 7-9 
series of scales, none on the preoperculum; 7-9 gill-rakers 
on the lower part of anterior arch. Scales 33-38 a those 
of the thoracic region considerably smaller than on the sides 
of the body. Dorsal XII-XIII (XIV) 19-21, commencing 
above the opercular cleft, the spines slightly increasing in 
length to the last, which is } the length of head. Anal 
III 15-16. Pectoral nearly as long as the head. Caudal 
rounded, Caudal peduncle 2—4} as long as deep. Brownish, 
with a blackish ocellated spot on the upper 3 of the base of 
caudal and sometimes 2 or 3 more on the base of the soft 
dorsal ; pectoral with a blackish spot on the inner side near 
the base. 

Guiana; R. Amazon; R. Paraguay. 


1, (255 mm.) Teffé. Mr. Salmin. 

2. (Skeleton.) Teffé. Prof. A. Agassiz. 
3. (240 mm.) Para. Dr. E. A. Goldi. 
4, (250 mm.) Carandasinho, Matto Grosso. Dr. A. Borelli, 
5. (225 mm.) Manaos. Paris Museum. 


24* 


348 Canon A. M. Norman—WNotes on the 


XLITI.—WNotes on the Natural History of East Finmark. By 
Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.RB.S., 
F.LS. 


[Concluded frem vol. xii. p. 417.] 


Tuer delay which has taken place in the conclusion of these 
notes has arisen from two or three minute Celenterata 
which I was unable to identify and which required a good 
deal of working out. Pressure of other work has prevented 
this being done, and as the other species of Coelenterata were 
neither numerous nor for the most part rare, I have now 
thought it best to omit the Coelenterata altogether, and to 
no longer delay the printing of the notes on Foraminifera 
and on Botany which have been so long awaiting publication. 


FORAMINIFERA. 


Astrorluza limicola, Sandahl. 
Psammosphera fusca, E. Schulze. 
Hyperammina subnodosa, H. Brady. 
Rhabdammina discreta, H. Brady. 
Haplophragmium latidorsatum, Borneman. 
globigeriniforme, Parker & Jones. 
glomeratum, H. Brady. 


canariense, d’Orbigny. 

crassimargo, Norman, nom.noy. Brady, ‘ Challenger’ Foram. 
p- 310, pl. xxxv. fig. 4; Goés, ‘“ Synopsis Arctic and Scandi- 
navian Recent Marine Foraminifera” (Kongl. Svenska Vet.- 
Akad. Handl. vol. xxv. 1894, p. 21, pl. v. figs. 92-94), A 
larger and much more tumid form than canariense, and the 
two are quite distinct when found living in company. 


Reophax fusiformis, Williamson. 

Hippoerepina indiwisa, Parker. 

Trochammina squamata, Parker & Jones. 
Ammodiscus incertus, d’Orbigny. 

charoides, Jones & Parker. 

Webbina hemispherica, Jones, Parker, & Brady. 
Spiroplecta biformis, Parker & Jones. 

Valvulina conica, Parker & Jones. 

Cassidulina levigata, VOrbigny. 

crassa, d’Orbigny. 


Natural History of East Finmark. 349 


Bulimina pyrula, VOrbigny. 
arctica, VOrbigny. 

elegans, d’Orbigny. 

—— fusiformis, Williamson. 
Virgulina Schreibersiana, Czjzek. 
Bolivina punctata, d’Orbigny. 
plicata (d’Orb.), Brady. 
Uvigerina angulosa, Williamson. 


~—— tenuistriata, Reuss. 
Polymorphina problema, d’Orbigny. 
rotundata, Borneman. 


compressa, d’Orbigny. 
amygdaloides (Reuss), Brady. 
gibba, VOrbigny. 

Cristallaria erepidula, Fichtel & Moll. 
Nodosaria soluta, Reuss. 

laevigata, @Orbigny. 


acuminata, Reuss (= Psecadium acuminatum, Reuss). A pro- 
duced form of NV. laevigata with oblique suture (see Schlicht, 
‘Foram. des Septentrienthones von Pietzpuhl,’ 1870, pl. xxv. 
figs. 1-10). ; 


—— communis, var. Vernewillii, d Orbigny. 


— calomorpha, Reuss. 


pauperata, V@Orbigny. The specimens thus named are from 
the Varanger and Bog Fiords. Dr. H. B. Brady examined 
them and called them “radicula running into JN. brevis,” but 
they exactly correspond to the Greenland form assigned by 
Goés to N. pauperata as “ megalospherice,” and figured by 
him (1. ¢. pl. xii. figs. 677-683). 

Lagena globosa, Walker & Jacob. 

levis, Montagu. 

striata, d’Orbigny. 

distoma, Parker & Jones. 

lineata, Williamson. 

semilineata, J. Wright. 

costata, Williamson. 

, forma acuticosta, Reuss. 

Jinmarchica, sp. n. This is a very beautiful Lagena belonging 
to the striato-punctata group, having a form not unlike that 
species and with the same very slender neck. It is larger than 
any specimen of striato-punctata that I have seen. Its marked 
character consists in the costs, which are each composed of 
three very distinct riblets, while the puncta, instead of being 


Pala aldol! 


350 Canon A. M. Norman—WNotes on the 


on the cost, are between them, as in L. Fieldingiana. A 
single specimen was taken at Vadsé, near the entrance to the 
harbour, in 10-25 fathoms. 

Lagena squamosa, Montagu. 

hevagona, Williamson. 

levigata, Reuss. 

lagenoides, Williamson. 

— Orbigniana, Sequenza. 

pulchella, H. B. Brady. 

Globigerina bulloides, d’Orbigny. 

Pullenia spheroides, d’Orbigny. 

Truncatulina lobatula, Walker & Jacob. 

Patellina corrugata, Williamson. 

Pulvinulina Karsteni, Reuss. 

eciqua, H. B. Brady. 

Polystomella striato-punctata, Fichtel & Moll. 

Yonionima umbilicata, Montagu. 

depressula, Walker & Jacob. 

— stelligera, d’Orbigny. 

—— scapha, Fichtel & Moll. 

— turgida, Williams. 

--— communis, d’Orbigny. This approaches very closely to 
N. turgida in general characters, but instead of being very 
tumid, as in that species, it is as compressed as NV. scapha. 
Dr. H. B. Brady saw my specimens, and referred them to 
N. communis, d Orbigny (For. Foss. Vien. p. 108, pl. v. figs.7, 8). 
It was taken on the same ground as J. turgida, and was 


distinguishable at a glance; nor could I find any intermediate 
forms. 


Operculina ammonoides, Gronovius. 
Miliolina tricarinata, d’Orbigny. 
trigonula, Lamarck. 
seminulum, Linné, 
subrotunda, Walker & Boys. 
Biloculina ringens, Lamarck. 


BOTANY. 


Dredging or shore-collecting every day, and on arriving at 
home the sorting and preserving of the captures, left little 
time for botanizing. Still some was made. In the middle 
of the day we always landed at some new spot, and after a 
hurried luncheon Schneider and myself set off to explore 


Natural History of East Finmark. 351 


the neighbouring ground while the boatmen were finishing 
their dinner, resting, and smoking. Thus three quarters of 
an hour was spent by him in entomologizing, by myself in 
botanizing. Then at night, again, between 9 and 12 p.m. he 
was often busy with his net while I was plant-hunting. On 
Sundays a longer ramble was taken, during which many 
good plants were found. Still no ground was examined 
which was further than a mile from the shores; but had 
excursions been made inland among the copses and on the 
hills, the list of plants here given would have no doubt been 
considerably extended. It was a great treat to explore an 
Arctic flora so different in many respects from our own, 
represented by so many of our Alpine forms and yet including 
so many other beautiful species. The rarest plant I found 
was drenaria lateriflora, of which I believe the only Euro- 
pean habitat is near the falls of the Pasvic River, and as 
Herr Schneider was aware of this fact we did not lose the 
opportunity of seeking it. Dianthus superbus is a lovely 
pink, which was in full flower, ornamenting the cliffs on the 
eastern side of one of the fiords on the north coast which we 
passed in the steamer; but I have forgotten which fiord it 
was. Among the other more beautiful plants new to me 
were the various species of the families Polemoniaceze and 
Hricaceze. Striking among the latter were the bushes of the 
Arctic Ledum palustre, the delicious scent of which perfumed 
the air for a considerabie distance from the bog in which the 
plants were growing. 

In this high latitude, of course, large numbers of those 
found in the temperate climate of our islands are absent ; 
for instance, it may interest some reader who knows nothing 
of the geographical distribution of plants to mention a few 
of the familiar friends which he must not expect to meet 
with so far north. There are no such shrubs as holly, ivy, 
honeysuckle, dog-rose (of any British species), blackberry 
(Rubus fruticosus), gorse, or broom. There is no common 
daisy *, celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), sweet violet, primrose, 
cowslip, bluebell +, wood-anemone, or foxglove; the only 
clovers are Trifolium repens and pratensis ; the only Cam- 
panula is C. rotundifolia; there are no English poppies ; 
while Geranium pratense and the whole of the annual species 
of that genus are absent. 

Of garden weeds the common groundsel would seem to be 
scarce, for I failed to find it in weedy gardens which 
I examined, and no other species of Senecio occurs, 


* Bellis perennis is confined to quite the southern part of Norway. 
+ Scilla nutans is not found in Norway at all. 


352 Canon A. M. Norman—WNotes on the 


There are no bindweeds (Convolvulus), no sow-thistles 
(Sonchus), no annual species of Veronica, and the only 
Chenopodium is C. album; and the common thistles of our 
fields—Carduus nutans, acanthoides, lanceolatus, and arvensis 
—are not to be found. 

The rapidity of growth which takes place in Arctic regions 
cannot fail to strike the stranger as truly wonderful. <A 
spot, barren and brown when first seen, will a fortnight later 
be vivid with green clothing and bright with flowers and 
waving rushes and grasses. But the healthiness and vigour 
of plants grown in pots within doors struck me as still more 
remarkable. At the furthest and darkest corners of rooms, 
where in England they would at once pine and die, they 
flourish and flower as vigorously as they would with us when 
grown ina sunny south window. This is no doubt accounted 
for by the fact that in the comparatively dark corners they 
receive during the twenty to twenty-four hours of daylight 
as much invigorating stimulus as they would do in England 
when subjected to a much stronger light in our shorter 
days. In the long rest of the winter darkness plants no 
doubt also lay up a force of strength ready to burst forth at 
the first awakening from their sleep. 

In 1860 Sir Joseph D. Hooker published, in Trans. Linn. 
Soe. vol. xxiii. pp. 251-348, an exhaustive paper, “ Outlines of 
Distribution of Arctic Flants.” He there estimates the total 
number of flowering plants found within the cireumpolar 
Arctic circle to be 762 species. Of these he gives no less 
than 616 as occurring in Arctic Europe, 586 of which he 
regards as of Scandinavian origin, and the small remaining 
30 as of American or Asiatic origin. Zoologists no longer 
regard the Arctic Circle as the boundary of the Arctic fauna, 
but take an isothermal line. Nowif we take as our isothermal 
line that which indicates an average temperature throughout 
the year of the freezing-point, 32° Fahr., we shall find that 
the whole of Western, by far the larger part of Central, 
and all Northern Norway except the extreme north-east, 
where I was working, have a higher temperature. With 
such a boundary a very large number of the species regarded 
by Hooker as Arctic would be excluded. On the other hand, 
if the same isothermal line be followed across America and 
Asia, it will be found very far south of the Arctic Circle in 
America, passing about 50° W. through the most southern 
extremity of Hudson’s Bay, and in Asia, in about the 
same latitude, crossing Lake Baikal. Using, then, this 
isothermal, it would follow that almost the whole of Norway 
would be excluded, while in America and Asia vast regions 


Natural History of East Finmark. 353 


would be added. An estimation of the flora of such regions 
would give extremely different figures from those given by 
Hooker relating to plants found north of the arbitrary line 
of the Arctic Circle irrespective of climatic conditions. 

In the voyage homewards from Vads6 to the Lofoten 
Islands, where I stopped for a few days, I was so fortunate 
as to find in a fellow-passenger Herr A. Landmark, the 
Government Inspector of Inland Fishery in Norway, who is 
a very good botanist. He went through my herbarium, and 
kindly named for me many plants with which otherwise I 
should have found much difficulty, e. g. the species of 
Eriophoron. He also was so good as to give me several 
plants which he had collected at Tana and Nyborg, and 
which I have included in the following lists. In England I 
am much indebted to the kindness of two specialists who 
determined for me the difficult Salices and the Carices and 
allies, Dr. F. Buchanan White having examined the former 
and Mr. Arthur Bennett the latter. 

In the following list I have indicated the exact localities 
where the plants were procured by the use of initial letters, 
as below :— 


Bog Fiord (on or near the shores of). 
Klosterelv Fiord (on or near the shores of). 

. Lang Fiord (on or near the shores of). 

. Nyborg (Herr Landmark). 

Elvenes and Pasvic River. 

Kirkenes and its neighbourhood in Sydvaranger. 
Tana (Herr Landmark). 

. Vadsé and Nordvaranger. 


ABH ZA 


The nomenclature of species in the following list is that of 
C. J. Hartman’s ‘ Handbok i Skandinaviens Flora, but I 
have not adopted his arrangement of families, which is that 
of Fries, but have followed that which is better known to 
English botanists. 


RANUNCULACE. 


Thalictrum kemense, Fr. T, 
Caltha palustris, Zin. V. 
Trollius europzeus, Lin. V. 


Ranunculus lapponicus, Lin. P. 
hyperboreus, Rottb. V.,N. 
acris. Lin. V. 


CRUCIFER. 


Draba ineana, Zin. V., 5. 


Cardamine pratensis, Zin. 
hirta, Zin. T. 


Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lin. 
Cochlearia officinalis, Zin. 


354 Canon A. M. Norman—WNotes on the 


VIOLACER. 
Viola suecica, Fr. V., N. | Viola biflora, Zin. V. 
DROSERACER. 
Drosera rotundifolia, Lin. | Drosera longifolia, Lin, 
CARYOPHYLLACER. 

Silene acaulis, Zin. Stellaria humifusa, Roth. L. 
Melandrium sylvestre, Roni, alpestris, Fr. L. 

var. alpestre, Fr. T. Cerastium alpinum, Lin. 
Dianthus superbus, Zin. triviale, Link. P. 
Stellaria nemorum, Zin. S. Arenaria lateriflora, Zin. P. 

media, Lin. S. Helianthus peploides, Zin. S. 
—— uliginosa, Murr. V. Sagina nivalis, Lindbl. T. 


crassifolia, Ehrb. S. saxatilis, Wimm. S. 


GERANIACEAE. 3 


Geranium sylvaticum, Zin. V. 


LEGUMINOS&. 
Lathyrus palustris, Zin. N. Oxytropis campestris, DC. N. 
maritimus, Fr. S. Phaca frigida, Zin. N 
Vicia cracea, Zin. §&. Trifolium repens, Zin. 


Astragalus alpinus, Zin. N. 


RosaceEz. 


Prunus padus, Lin. Rubus saxatilis, Zin. S., V. 
Spirzea ulmaria, Zin. V. castoreus, Lest. P. 
Alchemilla vulgaris, Zin. V. arcticus, Zin. T. 
alpina, Lin. V. chamemorus, Lin. 5S. 
Potentilla anserina, Zin. S. Geum rivale, Zin. 

verna, Zin. N., P. Sorbus aucuparia, Gertn. S. 
Comarum palustre, Zin. §%., V. 


ONAGRACE 2. 
Fpilobium angustifolium, Zin. Epilobium alpinum, Zin. S§. 
palustre, Zin. §. 
PoRTULACE. 


Montia fontana, Zin, V. 


SAXIFRAGACE. 
Saxifraga stellaris, Zin., var. co- | Saxifraga ceespitosa, Lin. P. 
mosa, Ietz. S., V. Chrysosplenium tetrandrum, Lund. 
— nivalis, Zin. V. d 
—— rivularis, Lin. V. Parnassia palustris, Lin. 
CRASSULACE®. 


Rhodiola rosea, Zin. 


Natural History of East Finmark. 355 


UMBELLIFER2. 
Cerefolium sylvestre, Lin. THaloscias scotica, Zin. 8. 
Angelica archangelica, Lin. N. 
CorNACES. 
Cornus suecica, Zin. V. 


CAPRIFOLIACE®, 


Linnea borealis, Zin. V. 


VALERIANACEZ., 


Valeriana officinalis, Zin. 


CoMPOSIT”A. 


Matricaria inodora, Zin. S§. 
Gnaphalium norvegicum, Gunn. P. 
supinum, Lin. 

Antennaria dioica, Gertn. V. 
Solidago virgaurea, Lin. V. 
Petasites frigida, Lin. V. 


Saussurea alpina, DC. S. 

Cirsium heterophyllum, Al. V.,S. 
Crepis multicaulis, Ledeb.  V. 
Taraxacum officinale, Zin. S. 
Hieracium alpinum, Zin. 8. 


CAMPANULACE®. 
Campanula rotundifolia, Zin. V. 


ERICACE, 
Mpyrtillus nigra, Glib. S. Andromeda hypnoides, Zin. V. 
uliginosa, Zin. §. Calluna vulgaris, Salish. V. 
Oxycoccus palustris, DC. P. Phyllodoce cerulea, Bab. V.,S. 


, var, microcarpus, Ture. | Azalea procumbens. V., 8. 
Ledum palustre, Zin. S. 


Vaccinium vitis-idea, Zin. S. Pyrola rotundifolia, Zim. V.,S. 

Arctostaphylos alpina, Spr. V., S. secunda, Lin. K. 

Andromeda polifolia, Zim. V., 8. — minor, Lin. 8. 
GENTIANACE®. 


Menyanthes trifoliata, Zin. V. 


POLEMONIACE2. 


Polemonium pulchellum, Bury. Diapensia lapponica, Zin, S., V. 
campanulatum, Fes. 


BoRAGINACER, 
Myosotis sylvatica, Ehrb, L. | Stenhammaria maritima, Zin. S. 
ScROPHULARIACE, 
Melampyrum sylvaticum, Zin. Rhinanthus minor, Ehrd. 8S. 


\ 


pratense, Lin. 
Pedicularis palustris, Zin. B. 
lapponica, Lin. S., V. 
Sceptrum carolinum, Rudd. S. 


Euphrasia officinalis, Zin. 8. 
Bartsia alpina, Zin. S. 
Veronica longifolia, Zin. N, 
— alpina, Lin. V. 


ee 


356 Canon A. M. Norman—WNotes on the 
LABIAT. | 
Galeopsis tetrahit, Zin. S. | Thymus serpyllum, Zin. T 
PRIMULACE™. 
Primula stricta, Zorn. N. Trientalis europea, Lin. V. 
sibirica, Jacg. S. 
LENTIBULARIACE. 
Pinguicula vulgaris, Zin. V. Pinguicula villosa, Zin. P. 
alpina, Zin. V. 
PLANTAGINACER. 
Plantago major, Zin. S. | Plantago maritima, Zin. S. 
POLYGONACER. 


Polygonum viviparium, Zin. P. 
aviculare, Lin. 
Keeningia islandica, Zin. V. 


Rumex acetosa, Lin. 
acetosella, Lin. 
Oxyria digyna, Campb. V.,S. 


EMPETRACE. 


Empetrum nigrum, Zin. 


URTICACER. 
Urtica dioica, Zin. §. 


AMENTIFERE, 

Salix myrtilloides, Zin. P. Salix myrsinites, Zin. S. 
phylicifolia, Zin. S. herbacea, Zin. 8. 
glauca, Tin. S. Betula odorata, Bechst. 8. 
lanata, Zin. S. nana, Lin. V.,S. 
lapponum, Zin. S. Alnus incana, Zin, S. 

CONIFER®. 
Pinus sylvestris, Zin. | Juniperus communis, Zin. 
ORCHIDACER. 
Orchis maculata, Zin. S. Listera cordata, R. Br. N. 
Celoglossum viride, Lin. 8S. Corallorhiza innata, R. Br. 8. 
ALISMACER, 
Triglochin maritimum, Zin. K. | Triglochin palustre, Zin. 8. 
LILIACER, 


Allium schcenoprasum, var. sibiricum, Zin. 


MELANTHACE. 
Tofieldia palustris, Huds. V. | Veratrum album, Rezeh. T. 


Natural History of East Finmark. 357 


JUNCACER. 
Juncus filiformis, Zin. 8. Luzula parviflora, Desv. 8. 
trifidus, Zin. S. campestris, DC. 8. 
—— biglumis, Zin, 8. — spicata, DC. S. 
CYPERACEX, 
Scirpus ceespitosus, Lin. 8. Carex salina, var. minor, Boott. B. 
Eriophorum yaginatum, Lin. S. aquatilis, Wahl. 8. 


angustifolium, Roth, 8. — Goodenovil, Gay. 
russeolum, ty. V. Persoonii, Sieb. V. 
eallithrix, Cham. P. vitilis, Fives. S. 
Scheuchzeri, Hoppe. S. —- canescens, Lin. §8. 
Carex rotundata, Wahl. B. tenuiflora, Wahl. P. 
glaucum, Scop, S. loliacea, Zin. P. 
capillaris, Lin. 8S. norvegica, Wahl. N. 
limosa, Ln. incurva, Lightf. N. 
— irrigua, Hoppe. 8. glareosa, Wahl. N. 
rariflora, Smith. S. chordorrhiza, Ehrd. V. 
vaginata, Tausch. S. capitata, Lin. S, 
—~— alpina, Sw. B. —- dioica, Zin. 5S. 
salina, Wahl. 


TTT T | 


GRAMINE®. 


Elymus arenarius, Lin. S. 
Festuca rubra, Zin. 8. 
Poa trivialis, Zin. S. 
alpina, Lin. V. 
annua, Zin. S. 

Aira ceespitosa, Lin. B, 


Aira flexuosa, Zin. S, 
Alopecurus geniculatus, Zin. V. 
Calamagrostis stricta, Nutt. B. 
Phleum alpinum, Zin. V., 8. 
Mierochloe borealis, Schrank. B. 
Anthoxanthum odoratum. 8. 


EQUISETACE. 
Equisetum palustre, Lin. Equisetum hyemale, Zin. N. 
sylvaticum, Lin. 
FILices. 


Polypodium phegopteris, Zin. 
dryopteris, Lin. 
Polystichum spinulosum, DC. 


Cystopteris fragilis, Zin. 
montana, Henke. 


LYCOPODIACER, 


Lycopodium selago, Lin. 
annotinum, Lin. 
— clavatum, Lin. 


Lycopodium complanatum, Zin, 
—— alpinum, Lin. 


Corricenpa &c. (‘Annals,’ 1903.) 


Vol. xi. p. 569.—For “ Berenicea prominens, Lamouroux (Ex- 
pos. méthod. des Genres de l’Ord. des Polypiers, 1821, 
p- 80, pl. Ixxx. figs. 1, 2),” read Berenicea annulata (p. 81, 


358 


Vol. 


Canon A. M. Norman—WNotes on the 


pl. Ixxx. fig. 6). To anyone consulting the plate it 
must be obvious that the reference was, by some mistake 
which I am unable to account for, erroneous, and that 
the netted state of Hincks’s Chorizophora Brongniarti 
is fig. 6. It follows that while the specific name annu- 
lata should, in my opinion, supersede that of Brong- 
niartii, the generic name Chorizophora must be 
retained. 


xl. p. 577.—For Bugulopsis Peachit read 
Bugula elongata, Nordgaard. 


1902. Bugula elongata, Nordgaard, “ Die Bryozoen des westlichen 


Norwegens,” Die Meeresfauna von Bergen, p. 140, pl. i. figs. 1-6. 


The specimens which I referred to Bugulopsis Peachii 
must be transferred to the Bugula elongata of Nord- 
gaard. The general resemblance of the two species is 
remarkable: in form of zoccia and occia they are 
almost identical ; moreover the peculiar sculpturing of 
the latter is of similar character. The chief point of 


difference consists in the occasional development in 
Bugula elongata of a very minute avicularium, situated 
on the middle of the side of the zocecium, from which it 
usually hangs as it were backwards, as shown in the 
woodcut here given; but these avicularia are rarely 
developed, and there may be an entire zoarium without 
any aviculariae The other points in which the species 


Vol. 
Vol. 


Natural History of East Finmark. 359 


may be distinguished from Bugulopsis are that the 
form of growth in the latter is that of a little bush and 
the zoarium is charged with carbonate of lime; in 
B. elongata the growth is from a single stem giving 
forth branches for the most part dichotomously, and 
the zoarium is altogether chitinous, as is usual in the 
genus Bugula. These last differences were regarded by 
me as simply varietal, and it was not until my attention 
was directed to his species by Herr Nordgaard that I 
discovered on some of my specimens a few of the 
peculiar avicularia. It is probable, as suggested to me 
by Herr Nordgaard, that other records of Bugulopsis 
Peachii from Arctic localities may likewise be referable 
to his species; and I find that I have this form from 
as far south as the Bergen and Hardanger Fiords. In 
the adjoinmg woodcut, fig. 1 represents the zoccia, 
ocecia, and avicularium of Bugula elongata, fig. 2 the 
avicularium more magnified, fig. 3 radii of the ocecium 
highly magnified, while fig. 4 illustrates the corre- 
sponding radii in the ocecium of Bugulopsis Peachii 
for comparison. 


xl. pp. 580 & 581.—For Kinekoskias read Kinetoskias. 


xi. p. 595.—“ Genus Oochilina, gen. nov. Type Oochilina 
(Membranipora) crassimarginata, Hincks.” Myr. Waters 
kindly called my attention to the fact that M. F. Canu 
had in 1900 instituted a subgenus Crassimarginitella, 
with the same type, Membranipora crassimarginata, 
Hincks (Canu, “ Révision des Bryozoaires du Crétacé 
figurés par d’Orbigny,” Bull. Soc. Géol. France, sér. 3, 
vol. xxviii. 1900, p. 369). This paper was not in my 
library when I wrote, and the Zool. Record, which [ 
had consulted, contained no reference to the genus. 

In this same paper of Canu the following genera 
may be mentioned as having reference to what I have 
written :— 

“ Rhynchotella (subgen.). Type Membranipora rhyn- 
chota, Busk,” p. 367, and “ Rhamphonotus, Gray (sic). 
Type Membranipora Flemingii, Busk,” p. 417, should 
read Rhamphonotus, Norman. Type Rhamphonotus 
minaz, Busk,=rhynchota. 

At p. 373 a subgenus Forafella is instituted in which 
is placed among other species Membranipora Lacroizii, 
Audouin. 

At p. 380 a genus Nichtina is formed with Membrani- 
pora membranacea, Linné, as its type. 


360 On a new Species of Opisthostoma. 


At p. 382 we find Pyripora, d’Orbigny, 1847, type 
P. catenaria, Jameson. I have not seen d’Orbigny’s 
paper of 1847, but in his ‘ Paléont. Frangaise,’ Terrains 
Crétacé, 1850-1852, p. 538, under the genus Pyripora 
there is no reference to the species in question, and the 
fossil species referred by Canu to this genus would 
scarcely seem to be congenerice with M. catenularia. 


Vol. xii. p. 100, lines 6 & 13.—For Membraniporella, Hincks, 
read Membraniporella, Smitt. 


XLIV.—Description of a new Species of Opisthostoma from 
North Borneo. By Epaar A. Siri, 1.8.0. 


ALTOGETHER twenty-three species of this genus from the 
northern parts of Borneo have been described, and probably 
many other forms still remain to be discovered. 


Opisthostoma fraternum, sp. n. 


Testa dextrorsa, pyramidalis, anguste umbilicata, rufescens ; an- 
fractus 64, regulariter lente accrescentes, perconvexi, lamellis 
paucis, tenuibus, obliquis, in medio anfractuum in spinas pro- 
ductis, instructi, ultimus pone constrictus, dein descendens et 
subito ascendens atque retroversus, antice solutus, infra spinis 
excavatis cristatus; apertura subcircularis ; peristoma obliquum, 
duplex, album, margine interno expanso, tubsformi, externo 
tenuissimo, aliquanto dilatato. 

Diam. max. 2°75 mm.; alt, 2°25. 


The identification of many of these minute objects is almost 
impossible or, at all events, very uncertain, from description 
or figures such as have as yet appeared. It is only by actual 
comparison of specimens that the differences become appreci- 
able. The present species bears a closer resemblance to 
O. concinnum, Fulton, than to any other. It differs from it, 
however, in being a trifle smaller, having more convex and 
higher whorls, fewer lamella, and the outer peristome is less 
interrupted on the right side. The delicate oblique lamella 
are about fourteen in number upon the penultimate whorl 
and are produced at the middle into short hollow spines 
directed obliquely upwards. This row of spines is continued 
under the body-whorl, forming a crest, between the constric- 
tion and the peristome, of about six or seven spines. ‘The 
distance of the solution of the anterior portion of the body- 
whorl is a trifle variable. Even under the microscope no 
spiral sculpture is traceable, but some feeble lines of growth 
may be observed. 


On the Skull of Gonorhynchus Greyi, 361 


XLV.—On the Skull of Gonorhynchus Greyi. 
By W. G. Ripewoop, D.Sc., F.L.S. 


[Plate XVI.] 


Gonorurncuvs, the sole existing genus of the family Gono- 
rhynchide, is an aberrant Teleostean fish whose affinities 
have often been the subject of debate and are not even now 
definitely known. Having been recently engaged upon an 
investigation on the cranial osteology of the fishes of the 
families Elopidee and Albulide (Proc. Zool. Soe. 1904, ii 
pp. 35-81), Mormyride, Notopteride, and Hyodontide 
(Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxix. 1904, pp. 188-217), Clupeidee 
(Proc. Zool. Soc., in the press), and Osteoglosside (Journ. 
Linn. Soc., Zool., in the press), I took up the study of the 
skull of Gonorhynchus with no little interest, since there was 
every hope for believing that in the characters of so complex 
a structure evidence might be forthcoming as to the relation- 
ship existing between the Gonorhynchidze and the other 
families of the Malacopterygil. 

The material available consisted of three skulls of Gono- 
rhynchus Greyi at the British Museum, two of them being 
prepared specially for the investigation. My thanks are due 
to Mr. G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S., for facilities offered for the 
examination of these specimens. 

The genus Gonorhynchus was established in 1763. by 
Gronovius (Zoophyl. Gronov. fasc. i. 1763, genus 199, p. 55, 
pl. x. fig. 2), who placed it immediately before the genus 
Cobitis, with which he must have thought it closely related, 
because in Gray’s British Museum Catalogue, printed in 
1854 from the manuscript of Gronovius, the fish appears on 
p- 41 under the name Coditis ganorhynchus. 

Gonorhynchus was placed among the carps by Gmelin 
(Syst. Nat. Linn. 1. 3, 1788, p. 1422), Schneider (Bloch and 
Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol. 1801, p. 443), Lacepéde (Hist. 
Nat. Poiss. v. 1803, p. 570), and Cuvier (Régne Anim. ii. 
1817, p. 196); but Valenciennes (Hist. Nat. Poiss. xix. 
1846, pp. 203, 204, and 208) objected on the ground of its 
numerous (uine) pyloric ceca and because the maxillz shared 
with the premaxille the bounding of the upper border of the 
mouth. Valenciennes (/. c. p. 179) associated it with Chanos 
by reason of the large size of the branchiostegal membrane 
aud the absence of teeth from the jaws. He pointed out 
further that Gonorhynchus, like Chanos and Albula, has a 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 25 


362 Dr. W. G. Ridewood on the 


conical head, with snout projecting above the reduced mouth 
(d. c. p. 204). 

Gonorhynchus was obtained on the ‘ Erebus’ and ‘Terror’ 
Expedition, and Richardson (Zool. Voy. ‘Erebus’ and 
‘Terror,’ ii. Fishes, part 7, 1845, p. 44), thinking it a new 
genus, named it Riynchena, because of its projecting muzzle, 
and placed it among the Cyprinoids. 

Schlegel (Siebold’s ‘ Fauna Japonica,’ Pisces, 1850, p. 217) 
placed the genus Gonorhynchus between Leuciscus aud 
Cobitis. In Giinther’s ‘ Catalogue of Fishes in the British 
Museum’ (vii. 1868) the family Gonorhynchide follows the 
Cyprinide and precedes the Hyodontide, Osteoglosside, and 
Clupeide ; in the ‘Study of Fishes, 1880, by the same 
author, the family comes after the Salmonide, Percopside, 
and Haplochitonide, and before the Hyodontide, Panto- 
dontidee, Osteoglossidze, and Clupeide. 

Kner (Reise der Fregatte ‘ Novara,’ Zool. 1. 1869, Fische) 
placed the family Rhynchznz, containing the genus Gono- 
rhynchus, between the Elopide, Chirocentride, and Luto- 
deire on the one hand and the Cyprinodontes and Cyprinoidee 
on the other. On page 342 he notes that the form of the 
accessory branchial organ of Gonorhynchus testifies to the 
relation which this fish bears to Chanos and the true 
Clupeids. 

By Cope (“Ichth. Lesser Antilles,’ Trans. Amer. Phil. 
Soc. n. s. xiv. 1871, p. 455) the Gonorhynchide are bracketed 
with the Sauride, because they have the “‘ parietals united ” 
and “no tail vertebre.” (As is shown below, the parietals 
of Gonorhynchus are separated.) 

Gill (“ Families of Fishes,” Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. 
1872, p. 16) placed the family Gonorhynchidz between the 
Salmonoids, Scopelids, and Alepocephalidz on the one hand 
and the Hyodontidz and Clupeide on the other. 

According to Smith Woodward (Brit. Mus. Cat. Foss, 
Fishes, iv. 1901, p. ix) the Gonorhynchide are but slightly 
modified Scopelids; but Boulenger declines to admit any 
close affinity between the Gonorhynchidez and the Haplomi 
(Scopelidee, Esocide, &c.), and lays stress on the presence of 
a mesocoracoid element in the shoulder-girdle of Gono- 
rhynchus and its absence from that of the Haplomi. He 
places the family Gonorhynchide at the end of the suborder 
Malacopterygii, following the Salmonide, Alepocephalide, 
and Stomiatidz, and preceding the Cromeriide (Ann. & Mag. 
Nat. Hist. (7) xii. 1904, p. 165). 

For a highly specialized family the Gonorhynchidz are of 
great antiquity ; they date back to the Cretaceous period, 


Skull of Gonorhynchus Greyi. 363 


when all the characteristic features of Gonorhynchus except 
the extension of scales over the head had already been 
acquired. The genus Notogoneus of the freshwater Eocene 
deposits of North America and Europe differs from the 
recent Gonorhynchus only in the absence of pterygoid and 
lingual teeth, the shape of the subopercular bone, and the 
position of the dorsal fin (see Smith Woodward, Proce. Zool. 
Soc. 1896, pp. 500-504, and B. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, iv. 


penx). 


The cranium of Gonorhynchus Greyi (Pl. XVI. figs. 2, 3, 
and 4) is long and flattened, and in the ethmoid and orbital 
regions rather slender. The frontals form nearly the whole 
of the roof of the cranium and exhibit no median suture. 
The parietals are separated by the supraoccipital, and extend 
back to cover the epiotic prominences ; the tubular scales of 
the transverse commissure of the sensory-canal system are 
readily removable from the parietal and supraoccipital bones, 
upon which they are set. The exoccipitals fail to meet above 
the basioccipital, so that the foramen magnum is not bounded 
by the exoccipitals alone. The foramen for the passage of 
the vagus nerve is remarkably large. 

The cranium articulates with the vertebral column by a 
hemispherical head, which is not removable, and consists of 
a portion of a vertebral centrum fused with the basioccipital 
and lower parts of the exoccipitals. This convexity of the 
occipital articulation is not peculiar to Gonorhynchus, for 
Owen and Klemm have recorded it in Fistularia (Anat. of 
Vert. i. 1866, p. 107, and Jahresh. Wiirtt. 1831], p- 325), 
aud Klein in Syngnathus, Phyllopteryx, Gastrotokeus, and 
Ostracion (Jahresh. Wiurtt. 1835, p. 108). he most 
recent observations are those of Starks, who states that 
the basioccipital condyle is a round knob in the families 
Fistulariide and Aulostomidee (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 
xxv. 1902, pp. 619-634). 

The ascending wings of the parasphenoid rise high; they 
pass up in front of the pro-otic and come into contact with 
the alisphenoid and postfrontal of each side. The para- 
sphenoid fails to reach as far back as the posterior end of the 
basioccipital; the eye-muscle canal does not open _poste- 
riorly ; neither the parasphenoid nor the vomer bears teeth. 
‘he alisphenoids are widely separated, aud there is no orbito- 
sphenoid nor basisphenoid. The ethmoidal region is long, 
and the mesethmoid, which is small and flat, is separated 


-%* 
25% 


364 Dr. W. G. Ridewood on the 


from the prefrontals by a considerable tract of ethmoid 
cartilage. 

The post-temporal consists almost entirely of its epiotic 
limb, the only other part being a delicate sensory-canal scale 
of tubular shape and horizontal disposition. The anterior 
end of this tube is in contact with another tubular scale, 
which represents the supratemporal, but has not the tri- 
radiate form characteristic of the supratemporal bone in 
Malacopterygian fishes generally, since the forking of the 
horizontal sensory canal into the supraparietal commissure 
and the squamosal branch occurs just in front of it, and not 
within it. 

From the opisthotic there extends a rod of bone, a kind of 
intermuscular bone, in the direction of the post-temporal, 
which, however, it fails to reach. Fibrous tissue intervenes 
between its posterior extremity and the post-temporal, and 
the relations between the intermuscular bone and the post- 
temporal are such as to open up an interesting question 
whether the opisthotic limb of the post-temporal has not in 
Teleostean fishes generally the morphological value of an 
ossified ligament or intermuscular bone. In view of the 
dermal origin of the post-temporal and the depth below the 
surface at which its opisthotic limb occurs it is highly 
probable that such is the case. In Gonorhynchus a second 
aud similar intermuscular bone runs from the back of the 
exoccipital parallel with the above, but situated nearer to the 
median plane and having no connexion with the post- 
temporal bone. Such intermuscular bones are not uncommon 
in Teleostean fishes, and a comparative account of them is 
given in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1904, 
n. pp. 59, 65, 66. 

The nasal is a long slender bone of tubular shape, and the 
preorbital (fig. 5, por) is large and has a conspicuous keel 
near its lower edge, as already shown by Smith Woodward 
(Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 503, and fig. 5, z). There are no 
suborbital or postorbital bones. 

The gape is bounded above by the premaxille alone, 
although the maxilla is about twice as long as the premanilla, 
and extends more anteriorly than that bone, as well as more 
posteriorly. The premaxilla articulates with the ventro- 
external surface of the maxilla at about one third of the 
Jength of the latter from its anterior end ; a short process of 
the premaxilla extends in front of this articulation, but the 
main part projects backward and downward. The extreme 
anterior end of the maxilla articulates with the cartilaginous 
anterior termination of the palatine. There is no articulation 


Skull of Gonorhyuchus Greyi. 365 


between the ethmoid region of the cranium and the maxilla, 
nor between the ethmoid and the premaxilla, Neither 
maxilla nor premaxilla bears teeth; there is no surmaxilla. 

‘The mandibular ramus (Pl. X VI. figs. 1 and 5) is of remark- 
able shape, since the articular and dentary components of the 
coronoid process are widely separated, the dentary component 
standing high and being situated near the anterior end of 
the jaw. The lower margin of the gape is nearly at right 
angles to the long axis of the mandibular ramus. ‘The 
dentary is but slightly larger than the articular and bears no 
teeth. The angular is distinct from the articular, and there 
is a sesamoid articular lying on the buccal side of the 
articular (fig. ], sav). 

The hyomandibular articulates with the cranium by two 
barely separated heads, the anterior one small and the poste- 
rior one broad. The diminution in the size of the mouth 
appears not to have affected the hyomandibular, the main 
axis of which is about vertical (figs. 1 and 5, hm) ; the sym- 
plectic, however, is sharply bent forward. The metapterygoid 
is reduced to a thin rod of bone which runs from the lower 
end of the hyomandibular to the hind end of the ento- 
pterygoid. 

The entopterygoid bears at its posterior end a circular 
patch of stout bluntly conical teeth, reminding one of those 
of Osteoglossum; but although the entopterygoid steadies 
itself against the side of the parasphenoid, there is no definite 
articulation with that bone such as occurs in Osteoglossum. 
The ectopterygoid is straight and does not run down the 
anterior edge of the quadrate. The hyopalatine arch is very 
thin at the junction of the palatine with the entopterygoid 
and ectopterygoid, and there is a ligamentous attachment 
here with the prefrontal. The palatine is curiously inflated 
and comes close to the surface of the head in front of the 
preorbital bone in such a manner as to simulate one of the 
cheek-plates. The bulk of the palatine lies in advance of 
the dentary symphysis (figs. 1 and 5, pd). 

The lower or horizontal part of the preopercular is larger 
than the upper or vertical part (fig. 5, pop). There are four 
branchiostegal rays, the two posterior ones cousiderably 
larger and flatter than the other two. They are all attached 
to the outer face of the epihyal. 

The lower hypohyal is larger than the upper. The urohyal 
is moderately small, and is broadened out in front into a 
horizontal plate. The glossohyal is narrow and tipped by a 
hemispherical cartilage (text-fig., gh). The first basi- 
branchial is cartilaginous ; the second is large and bears on 


366 Dr. W. G. Ridewood on the 


its upper surface about twenty strong blunt teeth, which 
engage with the teeth on the entopterygoids, and with the 
latter constitute the entire dentition of the animal. The 
third basibranchial is a small rod-like bone, clearly distinct 
from the second. ‘The fourth and fifth basibranchials are 


Gonorhynchus Greyt ; hyobranchial skeleton, dorsal view. The 
epibranchials and pharyngobranchials of the right side are not shown, 


bb. Dentigerous plate covering the eh, Epihyal. 


second basibranchial. gh Glossohyal. 
ch, Ceratobranchial. Ab. Hypobranchial. 
ch. Ceratohyal. hh. Hypohyal. 
ct, Cartilage. pb. Pharyngobranchial. 


eb. Epibranchial. 


represented by a rod of cartilage which is continued back 
for some little distance behind the mesial ends of the fifth 
ceratobranchials. 

The last two branchial arches are large and slender and 


Skull of Gonorhynchus Greyi. 367 


support the epibranchial organ. The fourth and fifth cerato- 
branchials are slender curved rods of bone. A fifth epi- 
branchial (text-fig., eb 5) is present in the form of a curved 
rod of cartilage distinct from, but in the same line with, the 
posterior cartilaginous epiphysis of the fifth ceratobranchial. 
At its upper end it meets the Y-shaped cartilage that 
constitutes the posterior part of the fourth epibranchial. 
The ossified part of the fourth epibranchial consists of a 
broad thin lamina of bone, vertically disposed, and therefore 
seen edgewise in the text-figure. 

The first hypobranchial is as long as the first cerato- 
branchial, the second is nearly as long as the second cerato- 
branchial, the third hypobranchial is cartilaginous. The 
first pharyngobranchial is wanting aud there is no spicular 
bone ; the second and third pharyngobranchials have the 
normal relations. 


In utilizing the characters of the skull of Gonorhynchus as 
the basis for a discussion of the affinities of the genus I 
think it may be taken for granted that the family Gono- 
rhyuchidee falls within the suborder Malacopterygii as defined 
by Boulenger (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiii. 1904, 
pp. 163-165), for the presence in the Gonorhynchide of a 
mesocoracoid element in the shoulder-girdle excludes the 
family from the Haplomi, and the absence of Weberian 
ossicles disposes of the hypothesis upheld by the earlier 
writers that the Gonorhynchide are allied to the Cyprinoids. 

The extension in Gonorhynchus of the upstanding process 
of the parasphenoid so far as to touch the alisphenoid and 
postfrontal bones is paralleled in Osteoglossum, the process 
reaching the alisphenoid in O, Leichardti and the postfrontal 
in O. bicirrhosum and O. formosum; and the entopterygoid 
of Gonorhynchus bears at its posterior end a patch of stout 
teeth, which engage with the basibranchial teeth much as in 
Osteoglossum ; and, further, the first basibranchial remains 
unossified, as in Hetferotis. But the Osteoglosside (Osteo- 
glossum, Heterotis, and Arapaima) are a sharply delimited 
family, distinguished by the sculpturing of the superficial 
bones of the skull, the meeting of the parietal bones, the 
sutural union of the nasal bones with one another and with 
the auterior ends of the frontal bones, the presence of a 
stout peg-like process of the parasphenoid for articulation 
with the entopterygoid, the smallness of the subopercular, 
the bounding of the upper border of the gape by the 


368 Dr. W. G. Ridewood on the 


maxilla as well as the premaxilla, and the absence of the 
lower hypohyal: none of these features are exhibited by 
Gonorhynchus. 

The Pandodontide are more nearly allied to the Osteo- 
glossidz than to any other family of Teleostean fishes, and 
resemble them in the presence of a paired peg of the para- 
sphenoid for articulation with the entopterygoid, in the large 
size of the nasal bones and their incorporation into the 
cranium, and in the meeting of the parietal bones. In those 
characters in which Pantodon differs from the Osteoglosside 
—such, for instance, as the absence of the interopercular 
and the fusion of the two premaxillary bones—it does not 
approach the Gonorhynchide. 

Phractolemus, the sole genus of the family Phractolemide, 
has a remarkably aberrant skull, only a few features of 
which can be found to recur in the skull of Gonorhynchus. 
Such are the failure of the first basibranchial to ossify, the 
small size of the mouth, the reduction of the dentition, and 
the forward position of the coronoid process. Of these 
features the first occurs in genera as remotely allied as 
Heterotis, Notopterus, and Cromeria, although not occurrmg 
in Osteoglossum and Arapaima, with which Heterotis has 
obvious relations. The second and third characters are such 
as have clearly been evolved independently in a number of 
groups of fishes, while the last appears to be connected with 
the reduction in the size of the mouth, and is met with (to a 
slighter extent) in such unrelated genera as Leptolepis, Labeo, 
and Chatoéssus. 

Notopterus, as above mentioned, is a form which has a 
cartilaginous first basibranchial—the feature is so unaceount- 
able that one seizes upon it as possibly affording a clue to 
the elucidation of the question of affinity. But the sugges- 
tion of close relationship between Gonorhynchus and Noto- 
pterus is not sustained by a closer examination of the cranial 
characters, for Notopterus has the right and left parietal 
bones meeting in the median line, an orbitosphenoid traversed 
by the cranial cavity, a lateral cranial foramen, an air- 
containing vesicle at the side of the occipital region of the 
cranium, teeth on the parasphenoid, a gape bounded above 
by both premaxilla and maxilla, no subopercular bone, 
tendon-bones projecting downward from the posterior end of 
the second basibranchial, a single bypohyal on each side— 
characters which collectively dissociate this genus from 
Gonorhynchus. 

The Mormyride are a sharply marked family whose 


Skull of Gonorhynchus Greyi. 369 


nearest relations are the Notopteride, but they are more 
remote from Gonorhynchus than is Notopterus itself, and may 
be dismissed forthwith. 

The genus Hyodon, while presenting no cranial characters 
which would negative the possibility of affinity with Gono- 
rhynchus, affords uo affirmative evidence. It retains certain 
primitive characters which have been lost in Gonorhynchus, 
such, for instance, as the bounding of the upper border of 
the gape by both maxilla and premaxilla, the meeting of the 
right and left parietal bones, the presence of teeth on the 
parasphenoid, the continuation of the cranial cavity through 
the orbitosphenoid, and the presence of a basisphenoid. So 
far as the evidence of the characters of the skull bears upon 
the question, it is not beyond the bounds of possibility that 
Gonorhynchus should have been descended from some 
ancestral branch of the family Hyodontid, differing from 
the modern Hyodon in having a smaller supratemporal, in 
having no air-containing vesicle by the side of the occipital 
region of the cranium, and in possessing an angular bone 
distinct from the articular. 

None of the characteristic features of the Clupeoid skull 
are met with in Gonorhynchus. The most striking of such 
features are the presence of a posterior temporal groove, a 
temporal foramen, pre-epiotic fossa, auditory fenestra, right 
and left posterior wings of the parasphenoid, with eye-muscle 
canal opening between them, and bullate swellings in the 
squamosal and pro-otic bones for lodging vesicular diverticula 
of the swim-bladder. No suggestion of any of these is to be 
found in Gonorhynchus. 

Gonorhynchus was by Valenciennes associated with Chanos 
because of the large size of the branchiostegal membrane 
and the absence of teeth. It is true that there are several 
respects in which Chanos differs from the Clupeide proper 
and approaches Gonorhynchus—such, for instance, as the 
want of teeth in the jaws, the want of a temporal foramen, 
pre-epiotic fossa, auditory fenestra, posterior wings of the 
parasphenoid, and orbitosphenoid and basisphenoid bones, 
the reduction in size of the mouth, so that the maxilla fails 
to form part of the boundary of the gape, the absence of 
surmaxille, the separation of the quadrate from the meta- 
pterygoid, and the reduction in the number of the branchio- 
stegal rays. But the large size of the posterior temporal 
fossa and the completeness of its roof are distinctly against 
the supposition of Valenciennes. 

This last objection applies also to the families Elopide 


370 Dr. W. G. Ridewood on the 


and Albulide. They are undoubtedly primitive families, 
and must have separated early from the common stock of 
the Teleostean fishes, but one cannot regard the forward 
intrusion of the trunk-muscles as anything but a character 
of specialization which has been generated subsequently to 
the severance of these families from the common stem. The 
ancestral Elopids and Albulids were, of course, upon the line 
of descent of the Gonorlynchids, but the relationship is not 
nearer. 

The Stomiatide, in so far as they depart from the primi- 
tive type, are specialized in a direction contrary to that along 
which Gonorhynchus has become modified ; the well-developed 
maxilla, formidable dentition, wide gill-opening, reduction 
of opercular skeleton, and presence of a hyoid barbule in 
the Stomiatidee indicate how futile it would be to search 
for any evidence of close affinity between them and the 
Gonorhynchide. 

On comparing the skull of Gonorhynchus with that of 
Cromeria there is to be noted a similarity in respect of the 
rod-like form of the metapterygoid and of the palatine (in 
Gonorhynchus the posterior portion only), the distinctness of 
the angular from the articular bone, the failure of the first 
basibranchial to ossify, the smallness of the number of the 
branchiostegal rays, and the narrowness of the gill-opening. 
But against these resemblances there has to be set such a 
large number of differences as suggests that the allies of 
Gonorhynchus are not to be sought in the direction of the 
Cromeriide. Cromeria, for instance, has the frontal bones 
widely separated, whereas in Gonorhynchus they are so closely 
united that the interfrontal suture is obliterated, it has no 
ectopterygoid, no symplectic, no ascending process of the 
parasphenoid, no projecting snout, a single hypohyal on each 
side, no epibranchial organ, a cartilaginous glossohyal, an 
ossified fourth pharyngobranchial, and ossified fourth and 
fifth basibranchials (see Swinnerton, Zool. Jahrb., Abth. 
Anat. xviii. 1903, pp. 58-70). 

Of the two remaining families which I propose to consider 
—the Alepocephalidze and Salmonide—the former is to a 
certain extent specialized in relation with its deep-sea habits, 
but in some respects remains more primitive than the latter. 
It has no opisthotic, no teeth on the maxilla, an eye-muscle 
canal closed behind*, and an opercular bone very narrow in 


* In acomparison involving the Salmonidz this character cannot be 
allowed to carry much weight, since although the canal is open in such 


Skull of Gonorhynchus Greyi, 371 


front; but, on the other hand, it possesses two surmaxillz 
and an ossified first pharyngobranchial in addition to the 
spicular. Alepocephalus resembles Gonorhynchus in possess- 
ing an epibranchial organ, borne by the fourth and fifth 
arches, and in possessing a cartilage which may be identified 
as the fifth epibranchial ; but the list of resemblances is soon 
exhausted. 

On the other hand, the Salmonide, though offering no 
close resemblances to the Gonorhynchide, consist of a variety 
of forms but little specialized and highly plastic. For the 
purposes of comparison the genus Salmo i is less suitable than 
such a form as Coregonus, for the Salmons have an excess of 
cartilage, presumably of secondary origin, in the cranium, 
and no membranous interorbital septum such as Coregonus 
has. It may be pointed out that within the family Salmonidee 
there are forms, such as Coregonus oxyrhynchus, with promi- 
nent snout and reduced mouth with no teeth. 

Although a study of the cranial osteology of the Gono- 
rhynchide and Salmonide cannot bring forward direct 
evidence of affinity between these families, the hypothesis of 
the descent of the Gonorhynchidee from the Salmonoid stock 
is open to little objection of any serious import. The 
Salmonidee have an ossified first basibranchial, whereas this 
element of the copular skeleton fails to ossify in Gono- 
rhynchus ; but, as already shown, this basibranchial behaves 
in its ossification in a most capricious manner in admittedly 
closely allied genera. The Salmonidie have no epibranchial 
organ ; but this organ, as I have indicated in a former paper 
(Proe. Zool. Soe. 1904, 11. p. 81), has certainly been evolved 
independently in a number of different groups of fishes, and 
in these exhibits such differences in structure and position 
with regard to the parts of the branchial skeleton that one 
may reasonably allow that the Gonorhynchide have developed 
their epibranchial organ since their separation from the 
ancestral stock of the Malacopterygil. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI. 


Fig. 1. Gonorhynchus Grey; hyopalatine arch of the left side, with pre- 
opercular bone and mandible, mesial aspect. 

Fig. 2. Cranium, seen from left side. 

. Back view of cranium. 

. Dorsal view of cranium. 

. Complete skull, right side. 


hy 
Sos 
Nh cot 


species of Coregonus as I have been able to examine, and also in Salmo 
Rappii, it is closed posteriorly in Salmo hucho. 


372 Mr. H. Druce on some 


Abbreviations employed. 


al. Alisphenoid. ope. Operevlar. 
an. Angular. p. Parietal. 
ar. Articular. pl. Palatine. 
bo. Basioccipital. pm. Premaxilla. 
em. Commissural sensory-canal pof. Postfrontal. 
bones. pop. Preopercular. 
d, Dentary. por. Preorbital. 
ecp. Ectopterygoid. prf. Prefrontal. 
enp. Entopterygoid. pro. Pro-otic. 
eo. Exoccipital. ps. Parasphenoid. 
ep. Epiotic. pt. Post-temporal. 
f. Frontal. qg. Quadrate. 
hm. Hyomandibular. sar. Sesamoid articular. 
iop. Interopercular. soc. Supraoccipital. 
me. Mesethmoid. sop. Subopercular. 
mpt. Metapterygoid. sq. Squamosal. 
mv. Maxilla. st. Supratemporal. 
n. Nasal. sy. Symplectic. 
op. Opisthotic. v. Vomer. 


XLVI.—Descriptions of some new Species of Noctuidex from 
Tropical South America. By Herpert Druce, F.L.S. &e. 


Lycophotia tetraonis, sp. 0. 


Female.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax greyish brown ; 
abdomen and legs paler brown. Primaries dark brown, the 
base and costal margin irrorated with greyish scales; a sub- 
marginal greyish line extends from near the apex to the anal 
angle, the fringe alternately light and dark brown: second- 
aries hyaline white, the outer margin near the apex with a 
row of fine small black dots. Underside: primaries grey- 
brown, with a marginal row of black dots: secondaries as 
above, the costal margin irrorated with brown scales. 

Expanse 1} inch. 

Hab. N. Peru, Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet (Jus. 
Druce). 


Mamestra albifluviata, sp. n. 


Male.—Front of head black ; top of the head and the collar 
greyish ; tegule and thorax black ; antennae and abdomen 
black, the base of the abdomen greyish ; legs black, banded 
with white. Primaries white, the inner half black, with a 
white mark just below the middle, a large y-shaped black 
mark on the costal margin close to the apex, a black spot 


new Species of Noctuide. 373 


about the middle and one nearer the base ; the fringe alter- 
nately black and white: secondaries white, the apex, costal, 
and outer margin broadly bordered with pale brown; the 
fringe dark brown. Underside: primaries brownish black, 
with four minute white dots on the costal margin near the 
apex: secondaries white, the costal margin and apex black. 

Expanse 1} inch. 

Hab. Colombia, Honda, 1000 feet (us. Druce). 

This species is allied to Mamestra albomarginata, Druce. 


Mamestra canosticta, sp. n. 


Female.— Head, antennee, collar, tegule, and thorax reddish 
grey-brown, abdomen and legs paler; a tuft of greyish seales 
at the base of the abdomen. Primaries reddish brown, thickly 
irrorated with greyish scales ; a marginal row of round grey 
spots extends from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe 
reddish brown : secondaries dark brown, the fringe yellowish 
brown. Underside: both wings pale brown, irrorated with 
darker brown scales, the secondaries rather paler than the 
primaries. 

Expanse 12 inch. 


Hab. Bolivia (Garlepp, Mus. Druce). 


Hadena eleistis, sp. n. 


Female.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax dark 
brown, the collar and tegule edged with pale greyish brown ; 
abdomen reddish brown. Primaries dark brown; the costal 
margin, veins, and streaks pale greyish brown; a greyish- 
brown band extends from the apex to the middle of the inner 
margin; the outer margin pale greyish brown; the fringe 
dark brown: secondaries semihyaline whitish brown, the 
veins all dark brown. 

Expanse 1,5; inch. 

Hab. North Peru, Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet (Mus. 
Druce). 


fladena enistis, sp. n. 


Female-—Head, antenne, collar, tegulem, and thorax 
reddish brown, the tegule and collar edged with grey ; abdo- 
men greyish brown, the sides reddish brown ; anus and legs 
reddish brown: primaries dark brown, the costal and inner 
margin reddish brown; a pale greyish streak extends from 
the base to the end of the cell ; a narrow pinkish-grey band 
crosses the wing from the apex to the inner margin; a sub- 
marginal row of small white spots with black points; the 


374 On some new Species of Noctuidee. 


marginal line greyish brown ; the fringe alternately dark and 

light brown: secondaries dark brown, palest at the base. 

Underside: primaries dark brown, the outer margin reddish 

brown: secondaries light reddish brown, whitish in the 

middle, with a dark brown spot at the end of the cell. 
Expanse 13 inch. 


Hab. Peru, Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet (Mus. Druce). 


Nephelistis conservulodes, sp. n. 


Female—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax pale 
reddish brown; abdomen greyish brown; anus yellowish. 
Primaries dark brown, with a large double V-shaped mark 
about the middle of the costal margin extending over the 
wing almost to the inner margin; the V-shaped mark is 
edged by a fine yellow line; the outer margin from the apex 
to the anal angle bordered with pinkish brown; a marginal 
zigzag fine black line from the apex almost to the anal angle: 
secondaries sordid white, brown at the apex and round the 
outer margin; a brown dot at the end of the cell. Underside: 
primaries blackish brown, the apex and outer margin bright 
red-brown: secondaries almost the same as the upperside, 
but paler and redder in colour. 

Expanse 1? inch. 


Hab. Interior of Colombia (Wheeler, Mus. Druce). 


Eriopyga fulvida, sp. n. 

Male.—Head, antennee, collar, tegula, and thorax pinkish 
fawu-colour; abdomen pale brown, the anal tuft yellowish 
fawn-colour; legs and underside of abdomen dark colour. 
Primaries pinkish fawn-colour, crossed by three very indistinct 
yellowish lines, the first near the base, the second beyond the 
cell, the third submarginal; the fringe fawn-colour: second- 
aries pale brownish yellow. Underside of both wings very 
pale yellow, shaded with pink on the costal margins of both 
wings. 

iixpanse 1} inch. 


Hab. South Brazil, Rio (Mus. Druce). 


Eriopyga thermistis, sp. 0. 

Male.—Head, antennee, collar, tegula, and thorax pale 
brownish fawn-colour ; abdomen light grey above, the under- 
side and legs reddish brown; the anal tuft yellowish. Pri- 
maries pale brownish fawn-colour, the outer margin from the 
apex to the anal angle dark brown: secondaries yellowish 


On new Coleoptera from East Africa. 375 


white, the fringe yellow. Underside: both wings yellowish 
white, darkest along the costal margins of both wings. 
Expanse 1+ inch. 
Hab. Colombia, Sierra del Libane, 6000 feet (HZ. #7. 
Smith, Mus. Druce). 


Poliodes viola, sp. n. 


Female.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and 
abdomen dark grey, the anus and underside of the abdomen 
and legs pinkish grey. Primaries dark grey, crossed from 
the costal to the inner margin by several very indistinct, 
fine, zigzag, black lines; five small black streaks close to the 
apex ; fringe grey: secondaries white, the veins and outer 
margins pale brown, the fringe white. Underside: primaries 
dark grey, shaded along the costal margin and at the apex 
with pink : secondaries white, the costal margin pinkish. 

Expanse 2 inches. 

Hab, North Peru, Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet (Jus. 
Druce). 

Tmetolophota polygona, sp. n. 


Female.—Head, collar, and tegule dark brown, edged with 
pale fawn-colour ; thorax and antennze brown; abdomen 
greyish brown, slightly reddish on the underside; legs 
reddish brown. Primaries pale fawn-colour, with three 
bands of black streaks edged with yellow between the veins, 
the first along the costal margin, the second extending from 
the apex to the middle of the inner margin, the third sub- 
marginal near the apex; the fringe pale fawn-colour: second- 
aries semihyaline brownish white, the apex and outer margin 
darker brown; the fringe pale fawn-colour. Underside: 
primaries dark reddish brown; secondaries pale brownish 
white, shaded with reddish brown ; a small black dot at the 
end of the cell. 

Expanse 2 inches. 

Hab. North Peru, Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet (Mus. 
Druce). 


XLVIL.— Three new Coleoptera from E. Africa belonging to 
the Lucanide and Cetoniide. By Cas, O. WATERHOUSE. 


Lucanide. 
Metopodontus Elizabethe, sp. n. 


¢@.—Black. Mandibles rufo-piceous, as long as the head 
and thorax united, shining, curved downwards from near the 


376 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on new 


base; with a strong tooth close to the base, a more prominent 
one at one quarter from the base, a similar one at one third 
from the apex, and a small one close to the apex. Between 
the large teeth there are one or two small ones. The head 
is transversely quadrate, with a slight rounded swelling close 
to the anterior angle of the thorax ; the upper side is semi- 
circularly impressed, slightly raised in front, with a deep 
emargination, so as to form two somewhat acute teeth. The 
head and thorax are both granulose, bunt the granulation at 
the side of the head is much stronger than elsewhere. The 
elytra are yellow, with the suture, the base, and the margins 
narrowly bordered with black. The tibiew are pale reddish 
yellow ; the anterior have a black line along the outer edge, 
which has a few very small teeth; the middle pair have an 
acute spine at the middle; the posterior pair are unarmed. 
The tarsi are reddish, marked with black. 

Long. corp. 38-40, mandib. 17-20 mm. 

Hab. Usagara, German East Africa (Rev. A. N. Wood). 

The smaller specimen has two small teeth about the middle 
of the left mandible. The larger example has two small 
teeth about the middle of the left mandible and one similarly 
placed on the right mandible, and both mandibles have a 
small tooth before the apical one. 

This species is closely allied to M. Savaget, which it 
represents in E. Africa. It differs in the arrangement of the 
colour and in the strongly deflexed mandibles. 


Cetoniide. 


DICELLACHILUS, gen. nov. 


General form of Compsocephalus. Mentum rather abruptly 
narrowed in front of the middle, somewhat strongly bilobed 
in front, with a deep fovea at the base. Sternal process very 
slightly prominent, obtusely rounded. 

¢ .—Head with an acute angular projection on each side in 
front of the eye; a short erect horn in front, compressed at 
its base, expanded into two retrocurved acute horns at the 
apex. Forehead with a longitudinal keel, which terminates 
in front with a slight tubercle. Anterior tibize rather short 
and broad, furnished with two teeth on the outer edge besides 
the dentiform apical angle. 

?.—Head with the portion in front of the eyes sub- 
quadrangular, gently concave, with a slight keel in the 
middle, truncate in front, gently sinuate. Anterior tibie as 
in the male. 


Coleoptera from East Africa. 377 


Dicellachilus Wood, sp. n. 


Black, dull above, shining beneath. Head shining, 
strongly punctured. Antenne and palpi pitchy. Thorax 
convex, dull, broadest just before the base, very slightly 
narrowed anteriorly for some distance, and then rounded off 
to the eyes; the posterior angles rounded; the margins 
beset with short black hair. Elytra orange-yellow, with the 
suture and margins black; the black at the suture is broad 
for two thirds its length and then narrows to the apex: the 
black extends along the base in some examples, and some- 
times there is a narrow edging of black at the apex. 

Long. 30 mm. 


Hab, Usagara, German East Africa (Rev. A. N. Wood). 


BETTONIA, gen. nov. 


Closely resembles Compsocephalus, but the anterior tibia 
are nearly alike in both sexes, of normal form, armed exter- 
nally with three acute teeth; the male has sometimes one or 
two small teeth on the inner lower side. 

$.—Forehead with a small tubercle; a small ridge above 
each eye and a short, transverse, lamelliform horn in front; 
the lateral margins of the clypeus on each side of this horn 
flattened, arcuately rounded, as in Compsocephalus. ‘Thorax 
normal, as in the temale. Prosternal process scarcely promi- 
nent, obtusely rounded. 


Bettonia mutabilis, sp. n. 


Head pitchy red in front, obscure greenish at the back. 
Thorax, scutellum, and elytra dull, the former obscure greyish 
or bluish green, the elytra brownish purple. Pygidium 
rather thickly punctured with transverse punctures; in 
the male each puncture bears a fulvous hair. Underside 
shining, entirely blue or variegated with green and purple. 

$.—Head with a small tubercle on the vertex. Clypeal 
horn erect, one third broader than high, a little wider at the 
apex than at the base, closely punctured, gently emarginate 
at the apex. Anterior tarsi not conspicuously longer than in 
the female. ' 

? .— Head strongly punctured. Forehead with a very faint 
indication of the tubercle. Clypeus subquadrate, with angles 
rounded; the margins slightly reflexed, the anterior margin 
gently sinuate. 

Long. 25 mm. 

Hab. Lagari, British East Africa (C. Steuart Betton), 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 26 


378 On Batrachians and Reptiles from Tibet. 


Var., g.—Entirely greyish green above. Tubercle on the 
vertex more distinct, shining. Clypeal horn shorter and 
relatively broader and less distinctly punctured. 


Hab. British East Africa (A. B. Percival). 


XLVIII.—On some Batrachians and Reptiles from Tibet. 
By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S. 


Tue fishes obtained by Lieut.-Col. L. A. Waddell, C.B., and 
Capt. H. T. Walton, of the Tibet Frontier Commission, have 
already been described by my colleague Mr. Regan. I now 
beg to offer a list of the batrachians and reptiles collected by 
these gentlemen and preserved in the Natural History 
Museum. 


BATRACHIANS. 


1. Rana Pleskei, Gthr. 

Nanorana Fleskei, Giinth. Annuaire Mus. Zool. St. Pétersb. 1896, 
p- 199; Bedriaga, Przewalski Reis., Zool. iii, i, p. 62, pl. i. fig. 6 
(1898). 

Numerous specimens were collected by both Lieut.-Col. 
Waddell and Capt. Walton up to an altitude of 15,000 feet. 
So far only one species of batrachian—bufo viridis, Laur.— 
was known to occur at such an altitude. The few examples 
previously described by Giinther and by Bedriaga were 
obtained in the Province Sze-Chuen and in North-eastern 
Tibet. 

Two small groups of vomerine teeth are sometimes present 
behind the level of the choanze, the outer metatarsals are more 
or less separated by web, at least distally, and a true web 
does not exist between the fingers. I am therefore unable to 
accept the genus Nanorana. 

Rana Plesket is very closely allied to R. Blanfordit, Blgr., 
the habitat of which is unknown. 


REPTILES. 
1. Alsophylax tibctanus, sp. n. 


Head rather strongly depressed, one and one third as long 
as broad; snout obtusely pointed, slightly longer than the 
diameter of the orbit or the distance between the eye and the 
ear-opening ; latter moderately large, oval, oblique. Body 


LA TARO Sm A 


a) 


MC 8 TNT 


ee 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 379 


depressed. Limbs moderate; digits rather slender; 21 trans- 
verse lamellae under the fourth toe. Head and body covered 
with smooth granules, smallest on the occiput; on the back 
these granules are intermixed with numerous irregularly 
disposed smooth tubercles ; ventral scales flat, smooth, sub- 
imbricate. Rostral with median cleft above; nostril between 
the rostral, the first upper labial, and three nasals ; nine upper 
and seven lower labials; symphysial large, triangular, 
followed by a pair of large chin-shields. ‘Tail covered with 
iiregular, imbricate, smooth scales. Greyish above, with 
small dark brown spots and vermiculations, and six crescentic 
brown, dark-edged cross-bands, the first from eye to eye 
across the nape, the sixth on the base of the tail; lower parts 
white. 


mim 
Datal leneth xis Gace cits cee «oye ataets . 102 
1 6 ICS ¥0 yearn R RC eee a Ceo ssrcachohenGke Seches carat 15 
Width-ofhedd ees 2s (Sere ae 1] 
BO yi gett ot Bho rac clabstete on atelcterern Sate eee 39 
iHoréeylimile® tines eae ke Pad ela. eee 19 
fahialIkin) Goecanconnadonas Siaetesboule 25 
ol Dk Lae genet eget Stet hes Mei 8 Et 48 


A single female specimen from Chaksam Ferry, Tsangpo 


Valley, 12,500 feet, presented by Lieut.-Col. L. A. Waddell. 


2. Agama himalayana, Stdr. 
Chaksam and Lhasa. 


3. Phrynocephalus Theobald, Blyth. 


Chaksam, Kamba Jong, and Gyangtse. 
The black spot on the belly is variable and not a sexual 


character. 


XLIX.—Rhynchotal Notes—XXXI. By W. L. Disranr. 


Subfam, Gaayrwz (continued from p. 319). 


THIS communication completes the enumeration of the 

genera which are included in this subfamily, reserving the 

inquiry as to a few others which have been described but 

not yet seen by the writer. These, with any that may 

come to hand and not yet described, will be Sr to when 
2 


380 Mr. W. L. Distant oa Homoptera. cae 


examined, and their proposed location denoted, as is done in 
two examples at the end of the present instalment. 


Division ZAMMARARIA. 


In this division the pronotal margins are ampliated and 
usually medially angulate ; the tympanal orifices are more or 
less exposed—little in Odopwa and very largely in Zammara ; 
the tegmina and wings (with the exception of some species of 
Odopea) are hyaline and usually more or less spotted. 

This division is entirely confined to Tropical and Sub- 
tropical America. 


Synopsis of Genera. 


A. Tympanal coverings outwardly complete, the orifices only 
exposed inwardly. 
a. Pronotum shorter than mesonotum. 
b. Head (including eyes) about equal in width to base 
of mesonotum: <..7-4-ksbeery bye err rere eriae = Odopea. 
B. Tympanal coverings inwardly complete, the orifices only 
exposed outwardly. 
aa. Pronotum as long as mesonotum. 
c. Head (including eyes) narrower than base of meso- 
UO Ne Arty eet ay on Dp eyo as ae el Miranha. 
C. Tympanal coverings outwardly complete, the orifices very 
widely exposed internally. 
d, Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of meso- 


MOWIM see TNS See At baat Abe haat A cial ect anyosic: Zammara. 
dd. Head (including eyes) only about two thirds the 
breadth of base of mesonotum.............+..s0-: Orellana. 


Genus ODOP@A. 
Odopea, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 616 (1861). 
Type, O. dilatata, Fabr. ( Tettigonia). 


Odopea perspicua, sp. 0. 

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum virescent ; mesonotum 
with subobsolete traces of four obconical spots on anterior 
margin, the two central smallest; the anterior margin of the 
cruciform elevation a little castaneous and greyishly pilose ; 
abdomen above dark castaneous, basally, centrally, longitu- 
dinally paler; body beneath and legs greenish ochraceous ; 
tegmina very pale brownish, much suffused and streaked with 
green, especially on basal half, and with two prominent trans- 
verse subcostal spots between radial area aud apex; wings pale 
castaneous, much suffused with dark castaneous on basal and 
apical areas. Head (including eyes) about as wide as base 


Mr. W. lL. Distant on Homoptera.. 381 


of mesonotum ; lateral pronotal margins angularly ampliated ’ 
opercula in male short, not meeting inwardly ; tegmina long 
and narrow. 

Long., excl. tegm., 29 mm. ; exp. tegm. 80 mm. 


Hab. Sio Thomé (Negretros, Paris Mus.). 


MIRANHA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) a little narrower than base of meso- 
notum, the front moderately prominent, but only about halt 
the length of vertex, lateral margins of vertex a little convex ; 
pronotum about as long as mesonotum, its lateral margins 
ampliate and medially angulate ; abdomen about as long as 
space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation, 
its lateral areas above moderately oblique, the tympanal 
orifices inwardly covered but outwardly exposed; abdomen 
beneath with the disk oblique on each side, but with the 
lateral margins broadly subreflected; rostrum passing the 
posterior coxe; opercula small, transverse; tarsi three- 
jointed; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with eight 
apical areas, and the basal cell considerably longer than 
broad. 

Type, JZ. imbellis, Walk. (Zammara). 


Genus ZAMMARA. 
Zammara, Amy. & Serv. Hist. Hém. p. 468 (1843). 
Type, Z. tympanum, Fabr. (Tettigonia). 


ORELLANA, gen. noy. 


Head (including eyes) only.two thirds the width at base 
of mesonotum, its length about equal to that of pronotum, 
vertex nearly twice the length of front; pronotum about 
twice as broad as long, its lateral margins broadly ampliated 
and medially angulate; mesonotum a little longer than pro- 
notum and (including basal cruciform elevation) about as 
long as pronotum and head together; abdomen short, broad, 
about as long or sometimes shorter than space between apex 
of head and base of cruciform elevation; tympanal coverings 
outwardly complete and covering lateral areas, but the orifices 
widely exposed internally ; opercula in male smali, trans- 
verse, not passing base of abdomen; face broader than the 
space between it and eyes ; tegmina and wings hyaline, more 
or less maculate; tegmina with eight apical areas; tarsi 
two-jointed. 

Allied to Zammara. 

Type, 0. columbia, Dist. (Zammara). 


882 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


Orellana brevis, sp. n. 


Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous green ; head 
with the area of the ocelli, or sometimes completely, shaded 
with dull castaneous; pronotum with a central fascia and 
the incisures black ; mesonotum with two central obconical 
spots, on each side of which is a small spot on anterior 
margin, and a large oblique fasciate spot on each side of 
posterior disk, black ; abdomen above brownish ochraceous ; 
segmental margins, tympanal coverings, and lateral areas of 
metanotum bright emerald-green; body beneath and legs 
pale green; face and apices of tibize and tarsi more or less 
dull castaneous ; abdomen beneath with the stigmata whitishly 
tomentose; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous, 
brownish at base; tegmina with the interior of the basal 
cell green, costal membrane, a spot at end of radial area, a 
spot on transverse vein at base of second apical area, and 
sometimes a spot in upper ulnar area fuscous brown. Head 
(including eyes) about two thirds the width of mesonotum at 
base; lateral margins of pronotum strongly ampliate and 
medially obtusely angulate; lateral tympanal coverings 
about as broad as the internally exposed orifices ; abdomen 
very short, not longer than space between anterior margin of 
pronotum and base of eruciform elevation ; rostrum reaching 
posterior coxe. 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 24-26 mm.; exp. tegm. 84-92 mm. 

Hab. Colombia (Brit. Mus.). 


Divison HAMZARIA. 


This division, at present including only a single Eastern 
genus, has much affinity with the Neotropical division 
Zammararia. The pronotal margins are ampliated; the 
tympanal coverings only concealing about half of the tympanal 
orifices; the tegmina and wings almost wholly opaque. 

Although the condition of the tympanal orifices allies this 
division to the Zammararia, with which the dilated pronotal 
margins also agree, the genus Hamza, on which it is founded, 
could, apart from the tympanal characters, be easily confused 


with the genus Platypleura belonging to the subfamily 
Cicadinz. 


Genus Hamza. 
Hamza, Dist. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 674. 


Type, 4. bouruensis, Dist. (Platypleura). 


Mr. W. I Distant on Homoptera. 383 


Division GHEANARIA. 


This division, at present represented by three Eastern 
genera, is to be principally recognized by the following 
characters :—The tegmina and wings are opaque and generally 
more or less brilliantly coloured; the lateral margins of the 
pronotum are neither ampliated nor dilated; the tympanal 
orifices are largely exposed, the tympanal coverings being a 
little narrower and much shorter than the orifices, and with 
their anterior margins convex. 


Synopsis of Genera. 


A. Tegmina with the venation normal ; apical areas eight. 
a. Head longer than pronotum, front somewhat porrectly 


produced. 
6. Greatest breadth of tegmina more than one third of 
Gites t Lene bhy fo, tis. slate piste « Seeley Benn pe ae aSte Geana. 


aa. Head not longer than pronotum, obliquely depressed in 
front of eyes. 
6b. Greatest breadth of tegmina only about one third of 
ther long iass) $2 0edere huln. seed tects iia bated aie Ris iste Balinta. 
B. Tegmina with the venation reticulate, ulnar and apical 
areas broken up into many cellular divisions .....,.... Talainga. 


Genus GHANA. 
Geana, Amy. & Sery. Hist. Hém. p, 463 (1843). 
Type, G. maculata, Drury (Cicada). 


BALINTA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of meso- 
notum and as long as pronotum, obliquely depressed in front 
of eyes; pronotum about as long as mesonotum, its lateral 
margins sinuate, the posterior angles moderately dilated ; 
abdomen in male much longer than space between apex of 
head and base of cruciform elevation; tympanal coverings 
both shorter and narrower than the tympanal orifices, which 
are most exposed inwardly ; opercula in male small and 
transverse, widely separated, and not extending beyond base 
of abdomen; rostrum reaching posterior cox; anterior 
femora strongly spined beneath ; tegmina and wings opaque ; 
tegmina with their greatest breadth about one third their 
length and with eight apical areas. 

T'ype, B. octonotata, Westw. ( Cicada), 


384 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


Balinta auriginea, sp. n. 


9. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum yellow ; head with 
some marks at the area of the ocelli and the lateral margins 
of vertex black ; pronotum with a broad central longitudinal 
fascia, two large spots on each lateral area, and the lateral 
margins black; mesonotum with a broad irregular central 
fascia, a somewhat shorter fascia on each lateral area, and 
the central base of cruciform elevation, black; abdomen 
reddish ochraceous, with a central longitudinal fascia, and 
three large segmental spots on each side, black ; body beneath 
and legs piceous brown; face and space between face and 
eyes yellow; a large spot near apex of face and a spot at 
inner margins of eyes black; femora (excludinS apices) 
testaceous ; tegmina bronzy brown, with three pale spots, 
two on postcostal area and one at inner angle; some faint pale 
streaks in the apical areas; wings sanguineous, the apical 
and posterior margins black. 

Long., excl. tegm., ? 20 mm.; exp. tegm. 52 mm. 

Hab. Mts. du Ht. Song-Chai (Paris Mus.). 

Allied to B. octonotata, Westw. 


Genus 'T'ALAINGA. 
Talainga, Dist. Ann. & Mag’. Nat. Hist. (6) v. p. 166 (1890). 
Type, 7. Binghami, Dist. 


Division PSITHYRISTRIARIA. 


Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than base of 
mesonotum, tympanal coverings as long as but very much 
narrower than the orifices, which are thus inwardly exposed ; 
abdomen narrowed posteriorly, a little longer than the space 
between the apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; 
teemina and wings hyaline: tegmina with the venation 
abnormal; apical areas eight, the lower one very small; 
ulnar areas much compressed, broad, especially the two 
lowermost. 


Genus PSITHYRISTRIA. 
Psithyristria, Stl, CEfy. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 712. 
Type, P. specularis, Stal. 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 385 


Division MOGANNIARIA. 


Tegmina and wings hyaline, the tegmina spotted or in part 
more or less brilliantly coloured; body ovate, more or less 
attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly ; head with the front 
more or less triangularly produced ; tympanal flaps present, 
but incomplete, the tympanal orifices in part exposed. 

Two genera are here included in this division, one Neo- 
tropical and the other Oriental in distribution. 


Synopsis of Genera. 


A. Anterior femora not spined beneath. 
a. Body short and robust ; abdomen shorter than pro- 
botum and mesonotum together; head frontally 
narrowed and produced. 
b, Lateral margins of pronotum dentate.......... Pachypsaltria. 
B. Anterior femora spined beneath. 
aa. Body robust; abdomen a little shorter or almost 
as long as space between apex of head and base of 
cruciform elevation; head strongly conically pro- 
duced. 
bb. Lateral margins of pronotum oblique, not dentate. Mogannia. 


Genus PACHYPSALTRIA. 
Pachypsaltria, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 616 (1861). 
Type, P. cincto-maculata, Stal (Cicada). 


Genus MOGANNIA. 
Mogannia, Amy. & Serv. Hist. Hém. p. 467 (1843). 
Type, MW. conica, Germ. (Cicada). 


Mogannia mandarina, sp. n. 


9. Body and legs black, shining; head, pronotum, and 
mesonotum somewhat longly ochraceously pilose ; abdomen 
above with a broad central, longitudinal, ochraceously pilose 
fascia; underside of body and legs somewhat less longly 
pilose; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation piceous ; 
tegmina with the basal half shining black, containing a trans- 
verse hyaline fascia divided by the dark veins, occupying 
basal half of radial area and terminating beneath basal cell; 
head with the front longly produced, its apex terminating in 
a tuft of long ochraceous hairs. 

Long., excl. tegm., 9 18 mm.; exp. tegm. 45 mm. 

Hab. Hong Kong (Brit. Mus.). 

Allied to W. nasalis, White. 


386 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


Mogannia Horsfieldi, sp. n. 


¢. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum very thickly ochra- 
ceously pilose; abdomen above black, with a broad, central, 
longitudinal, ochraceously pilose fascia; body beneath and 
legs piceous, the first thickly and the legs sparingly ochra- 
ceously pilose; tegmina and wings hyaline, extreme bases of 
both reddish ochraceous, the venation brownish or piceous ; 
tegmina with the basal half connected at posterior angle with 
a very broad submarginal fascia, piceous brown; wings with 
the basal area beyond the reddish-ochraceous base pale 
fuscous. 

Long., excl. tegm., 9? 15 mm.; exp. tegm. 36 mm. 

Hab, Java (Horsfield, Brit. Mus.). 


ADDENDA. 


Division CICADATRARIA (ante, p. 304). 


TAMASA, gen. nov. 


Body moderately short, abdomen not longer than space 
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tym- 
panal coverings both narrower and shorter than tympanal 
cavities; head shorter than pronotum, which is_ slightly 
shorter than mesonotum. 

A genus intermediate between Tettigia and Terpnosia. 
From Tettigia it is separable by the structure of the tympanal 
coverings, which are both narrower and shorter than tym- 
panal cavities, and by the short abdomen ; from Terpnosia it 
also differs by the short and opaque abdomen, the greater 
width of the head between eyes=to width of base of meso- 
notum, and by the tympanal coverings being subangulate 
anteriorly. 

Type, 7. tristigma, Germ. (Cicada). 


Subfam. Creaprvm. 


Division HETEROPSALTRIARIA 

(to follow Cicadaria, vol. xiv. p. 425). 
This division, at present represented by a single genus, 
is to be distinguished from the Cicadaria’ by the distinct 
venation of the tegmina, the radial area being very large and 


Mr. O. Thomas on new Ground-Squirrels. 387 


broad, considerably more than half the whole length of 
tegmina, which has brought about the shortening of the three 
p per ulnar areas. 


Genus HETEROPSALTRIA. 
Heteropsaltria, Jacobi, SB, Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1902, p. 73. 
Type, H. aliena, Jacobi. 


L.—New Ground-Squirrels of the Xerus erythropus Group. 
By OLDFIELD THOMAS. 


In working out some ground-squirrels from Lake Chad 
presented by Capt. G. B. Gosling to the British Museum 
I have examined all the specimens assigned to Xerus 
erythropus, and find that, although very similar throughout 
the. vast range of the group, they can be divided into two 
species by the size of their premolars, the Hast-African 
animal having these teeth noticeably smaller than in the other 
cases. 

Of each of these two species again there is evidence of 
several geographical subspecies, so that six forms are distin- 
guishable, as in the following synopsis :— 


A. Posterior upper premolar large, subquadran- 


gular. 
a. Back near clay-colour ; forearms buff. 
se CRE RTICED reset ttnisl = aa ooh hehe) ss > ee ... X.erythropus, Geoff. 
6*. Abyssinia and Egyptian Soudan........ X, e. leucoumbrinus, 
b. Colour lighter; back near “ pinkish buff” ; [ Rupp. 
forearms “ cream-buff.” Lake Chad .... X.e. chadensis, 
e. Back blackened, approaching “ mummy- | subsp. n. 
brown”; forearms “cinnamon.” Unyoro. X. e. lacustris, 

B. Posterior upper premolar small, cylindrical. [subsp. n. 
a. Back dull clay-colour; forearms dull buffy . X. merodon, sp. n. 
b. Back tawny ochraceous; forearms between [subsp. n. 

“ ochraceous” and “ clay-colour”........ X, m. fulvior, 


All the current synonyms of X. erythropus are West 
African and referable to the typical subspecies, except 
Riippell’s lewcoumbrinus, which will stand for the very similar 
Soudanese and Abyssinian animal. 


Xerus erythropus chadensis, subsp. n. 


Similar in general characters to Upper Nile examples of 
X. e. leucoumbrinus, but the colour much lighter throughout. 


388 Mr. O. Thomas on new Ground-Squirrels 


General dorsal area between “ pinkish buff” and “ buff,” 
lightening on the limbs to “ cream-buff.”” Head and _fore- 
back less uniform, more heavily lined with blackish. Inter- 
mediate band between the white lateral line and the white of 
the belly darker than the general colour, more or less mixed 
with blackish. Under surface very short-haired, partly 
naked in the axillary and inguinal regions, white. Upper 
surface of hands and feet cream-buff. Short-haired part of 
tail darker buffy. Long hairs of tail, as seen from below, 
buff basally, occasionally approaching ochraceous buff, then 
cream-buff, with a subterminal ring of black and a broad 
cream-buff tip. In X. e. leucoumbrinus the basal part of 
the tail-hairs is ordinarily “ochraceous buff” or even 
“ ochraceous.” 

Skull apparently quite as in leucoumbrinus, the posterior 
premolar proportionally large; rounded-quadrangular, not 
small as in the Kast-Atrican species. 

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— 

Head and body 262 mm.; tail 240; hind foot 63. 

Skull: greatest length 61°7; basilar length 49; zygomatic 
breadth 33; palate length from henselion 50:3; front of 
large premolar to back of m* 11:3; breadth of large pre- 
molar 3°5. 

Hab. Yo, Lake Chad. 

Type. Adult male. Original number 44. Collected 11th 
October, 1904, and presented by Capt. G. B. Gosling. 


Four specimens. 


Xerus erythropus lacustris, subsp. n. 


Colour darker than in any of the allied forms, the back 
heavily blackened, so as nearly to match Ridgway’s ‘‘mummy- 
brown.” Crown still darker, glossy blackish, speckled with 
buffy. Area below white lateral line broader than usual, 
-finely speckled blackish. Under surface even more thinly 
haired than usual, dull buffy whitish along the middle line, 
the sides of the belly buffy, as are the inner sides of the 
limbs and the upper surface of the hands and feet. Forearms 
dark ochraceous clay-colour. Hairs of upper side of tail 
black at their bases, those of the lower side ochraceous buff 
basally. 

Skull with the large premolars characteristic of X. ery- 
thropus, contrasting in this respect with the geographically 
allied X. microdon. 

Dimensions of the type :— 

Head and body 305 mm.; tail 240; hind foot 64. 


of the Xerus erythropus Group. 389 


Skull: greatest length 64; basilar length 50; zygomatic 
breadth 32°5; palate length from henselion 30°3 ; front of 
large premolar to back of m* 12; breadth of posterior upper 
premolar 3°8. ° 

Hab. Masindi, Unyoro. 

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 2. 11. 1. 5. Collected 
23rd June, 1897, by Dr. W. J. Ansorge. 

An isolated skull and two young skins collected by Emin 
Pasha in Monbuttu appear also to be referable to this form. 


Xerus microdon, sp. n. 


General colour above tawny clay-colour, becoming more 
blackish on the crown and muzzle, more ochraceous on the 
base of the tail. White markings as in X. erythropus. Dark 
area below lateral line blackish brown. Sides of belly and 
inner sides of limbs washed with pale buffy. Forearms dull 
buffy. Upper surface of hands and feet cream-buff. Bases 
of tail-hairs strong ochraceous buff. 

Skull. as usual. Posterior upper premolar comparatively 
small, cylindrical. 

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :— 

Head and body 285 mm.; tail 225; hind foot (wet) 63. 

Skull: greatest length 62; basilar length 49; zygomatic 
breadth 33; palate length from henselion 29; front of large 
premolar to back of m*® 12; diameter of large upper pre- 
molar 3. 

Hab. British East Africa. Type from Kitui, alt. 1000 m. ; 
other specimens from Ukambani (Jackson). 

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 1. 2.5.4. Original num- 
ber 51. Collected 20th September, 1900, and presented by 
S. L. Hinde, Esq. 


Xerus microdon fulvior, subsp. n. 


Similar in all essential characters to true microdon, but 
the colours richer, darker, and more tawny throughout. 
Back tawny ochraceous, becoming deep rufous on rump ; 
hands, wash along sides of belly, hind limbs, and top of teet 
ochraceous buff instead of buffy or cream-buff. Forearms 
between ochraceous and clay-colour. Bases of tail-hairs dark 
tawny. 

Dimensions of type :— 

Head and body 295 mm.; tail (imperfect) ; hind foot 62, 

Skull: greatest length 64:5. 


390 On a new Subspecies of Glossina palpalis. 


Hab. Fort Hall, Mt. Kenya district. Alt. 1300 m. 

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 3. 11.1.4. Original num- 
ber 170. Collected 10th June, 1903, and presented by 
S. L. Hinde, Esq. Two specimens. 


LI.—A new Subspecies of Glossina palpalis, Rob.-Desv., the 
Disseminator of Sleeping Sickness. By Ernest E. 
AUSTEN. 


Tue British Museum has just received from Dr, F. Creighton 
Wellman, of Benguella, W. Africa, some specimens of a 
tsetse-fly which, though obviously belonging to Glossina 
palpalis, Rob.-Desv., are sufficiently distinct from the typical 
form to be regarded as representing a new subspecies, which 
may be termed Glossina palpalis Wel/mani, subsp. n. 

The new subspecies may be characterized shortly as follows, 
by indicating the points in which it differs from the typical 
form ;— 


Glossina palpalis Wellman, subsp. n. 


& ¢.—Frontal stripe pale ochraceous ; thoracic markings 
much reduced, so that the thorax in a well-preserved specimen 
appears spotted, the antero-lateral markings taking the form 
of spots or blotches ; the spot immediately behind the inner 
extremity of the humeral callus on each side small, ovoid, or 
nearly circular, and especially conspicuous when the insect 
is viewed from above and slightly from behind; femora pale, 
the dark blotches much reduced. 

Katumbela River, Angola, W. Africa; November 1904 
(Dr. F. C. Wellman). Six specimens (1 ¢,5 2 ¢). Types 
in British Museum. 

Writing from Benguella, under date Feb. 5, 1905, 
Dr. Wellman says:—“I took about eighty specimens of 
these tsetse-flies in four days along the banks of the Katum- 
bela River, two days from the coast, in the height of the 
rainy season.” 

The above specimens are of especial interest as being the 
first recorded examples of any form of Gd. palpalis from 
Portuguese West Africa and as showing that the range of the 
species in question, which has recently been stated by 
Laveran* to occur at Sengaleam (about thirty miles from 


* ‘Comptes Rendus,’ t. cxxxix, (séance du 31 Octobre, 1904) p. 659. 


shideiietieidbins mote sama 


On the Bonin Island Sambar. 391 


Cape Verde), extends at least as far south as 12° 30’ §, lat. 
In all probability Glossina palpalis Wellmani will eventually 
be proved to exist right down to the Cunene River, the 
southern boundary of Angola, if not further ; and it is to be 
hoped that evidence to decide the southern limit of Gl. palpalis 
will shortly be forthcoming. 

In conclusion, it may be remarked that the British Museum 
possesses two females of GJ. palpalis from the Gambia 
(Dr. J. E. Dutton), belonging to a form somewhat similar to 
Wellman; in the Gambia form, however, the ground-colour 
of the abdomen is paler and the thorax is less conspicuously 
spotted. 


LII.—The Bonin Island Sambar. 
By R. LYDEKKER. 


THE most northerly limit in the Pacific for deer of the 
sambar group has been supposed to be Formosa, from which 
we have Cervus Swinhoei, or, as I prefer to call it, C. unicolor 
Swinhoet. I have lately, however, had the opportunity of 
inspecting two specimens of sambar from Bonin Island, 
lying about one degree to the east-south-east of the southern 
end of Japan. One specimen is the skull of a female 
acquired by the late Mr. H. Seebohm in 1889, and presented 
by his executors to the British Museum in 1896 (96. 2. 28. 4). 
The second is the skin, skull, and antlers of a male belonging 
to Mr. Rothschild. 

That the Bonin deer is a sambar is shown not only by 
Mr. Rothschild’s specimen, but likewise by the female skull, 
which exhibits the proximally expanded nasals, the deep 
lachrymal pit, and the small auditory bulla characteristic of 
that group. 

The female skull, which is fully adult and has a basal 
length of 82 inches, indicates a species of the approximate 
size of the dusky Philippine sambar (C. u. nigricans), and 
therefore much smaller than the Formosan animal. Certain 
details in the form and relations of the nasals and premaxille 
distinguish the Bonin skull from two specimens of that of 
nigricans, but I have no means of ascertaining whether such 
features are constant. Be this as it may, the Bonin sambar 
differs from nzgricans by the much lighter colour of the 
under-parts and limbs, there being a sharp line of demarcation 
between the brown of the back and the rufous fawn of the 


392 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on the 


flanks, while the lower segment of the limbs is nearly white. 
The tail, too, is shorter and white below, instead of uniformly 
dusky. 

It is thus obvious that in respect of colour the Bonin deer 
comes much nearer to the Formosan than it does to the dusky 
Philippine sambar (I have not a specimen of the larger Luzon 


sambar with which to compare it), Accordingly, for all I. 


can say to the contrary, it may be an imported breed of the 
Formosan sambar, dwarfed by the small area of its habitat. 
But as there is no evidence of this, it may be provisionally 
regarded as a distinct island race under the name of Cervus 
(Rusa) unicolor boninensis, with the female skull in the 
British Museum as the type. 


LITI.— On the South-African Curculionide of the Genus 
Cossonus, Clairv. By Guy A. K. Marswatt, F.Z.S. 


THE genus Cossonus has practically a world-wide distribution, 
but, as at present known, is better represented in America 
than anywhere else. Only eight species have hitherto been 
recorded from Southern Africa, and six more are described in 
the present paper. But even with this increase it seems 
probable that the number of South-African species might 
readily be doubled when the area is more thoroughly worked. 
The timber-belts of the Transkei and Pondoland, the yellow- 
wood forests of Natal, the heavily wooded regions which 
adjoin the eastern littoral from Zululand northward into the 
tropics, are all practically virgin ground for the coleopterist, 
and when adequately explored will doubtless yield many new 
forms. 

These insects seem, as a rule, to be but poorly represented 
in collections, for unless specially searched for they are not 
likely to be met with by the casual collector. All our species 
with whose habits | am acquainted live under the bark of 
decaying trees; but they seem to require damp surroundings, 
and thus in the drier parts of the country they are only to be 
found in trees which are subject to moist decay, such as 
Euphorbias and a few soft-wooded species like the Krythrinas. 
In these latter I have only found them when the trees were 
being killed by the attacks of certain Longicorn or Buprestid 
larve, the Cossoni being usually found in the moist decaying 
matter left in the tracks of these larvae just beneath the bark. 
With them also occur a few other Curculionide, such as 


-) i + o> aot 


South-African Species of Cossonus. 393 


Corynemerus, Phleophaqus, &c., as well as various Nitidulide, 
Staphylinide, and some dipterous larvee. These in turn 
attract the predaceous Histeridee of such genera as L/ololepta, 
Pachycrerus, Placodes, and Epiechinus, which doubtless 
prey on the Cosson? as well as on the other insects. 

It will probably be found that most of the species have a 
fairly wide distribution. This is certainly the case with 
C. abscissus, Boh., which ranges from Algoa Bay to the 
Equator and across the continent to Camerun. C. suturalis, 
Boh., has also been found both in Natal and on the Congo, 
but has not hitherto been recorded from any intermediate 
localities. 


Synoptic Key for the South-African Species of Cossonus. 


1. (24.) Rostrum more or less strongly dilated 
in the apical half. 
(7.) Intervals on elytra bearing rows of 
punctures. 
3. (4.) Prothorax very deeply incised near apex, 
bipartite ; the intervals near the su- 
ture carinate, much narrower than 
PING: SERIE Ss. hos 3 meats a hcaant sleet 1. C. abscissus, Boh. 
(3.) Prothorax simply constricted near apex, 
not incised; the intervals near the 
suture plane, as broad as the stria. 
(6.) Prothorax without any discal impres- 
sious or acentral carina ; rostrum very 
gradually dilated from base to apex... 2. C. Sheppardi,sp.n. 
(5.) Prothorax with a distinct carina and a 
longitudinal basal impression on each 
side of it; rostrum suddenly and very 
strongly dilated at apex ............ 3. C. carinicollis, 
2.) Intervals on elytra impunctate. [Fahr. 
1.) Prothorax distinctly impressed or cari- 
nate on the disk. 
(20.) Rostrum without any central furrow 
above. 
10. (19.) Elytra with only 9 complete strize and a : 
short subhumeral one; the central im- 
pression on prothorax not interrupted 
transversely. 
11. (14.) Prothorax with the smooth discal areas 
finely and sparsely punctured. 
12. (13.) Prothorax subpyriform, the sides gradu- 
ally dilated from apex to beyond 
middle ; metasternum evenly but 
sparsely punctured 2.4.5. .258). 5). 4. C. africanus, Boh. 
13. (12.) Prothorax subquadrate, the sides rapidly 
dilated from apex to before middle, 
thus forming a distinct shoulder; 
metasternum with a large central im- 
punctate arem BA. il eee lls. .. 5. C mervilis, Fahr. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 27 


vo 


> 


on 


@ 


( 
e 


Soh Ti 


394 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on the 


14, (11.) Prothorax with the smooth discal areas 
impunctate. 

15. (18.) Forehead with a distinct central fovea ; 
central carina of prothorax very narrow, 
obsolete or incomplete. 

16. (17.) Forehead with a shallow transverse im- 
pression; thoracic impression narrower, 
deeper, more sharply V-shaped, and 


without a central carina ; elytra black. 6. 


17. (16.) Forehead without a transverse impres- 
sion ; thoracic impression broader and 
shallower, and with an irregular cen- 
tral carina ; elytra ferruginous brown, 
with the suture and lateral margins 


black te 


oo wie» sie «'« 8 se 2a 8 8 0.9 019 0.2, 96 6 5S 


18. (15.) Forehead with no central fovea; cen- 
tral carina of prothorax complete, 
broad and impunctate.............. 8 

19. (10.) Elytra with 10 complete strize ; the cen- 
tral impression on prothorax trans- 
versely interrupted about middle .... 9. 

oT. .) Prothorax plane and smooth, without a 

carina or any distinct impressions ; 
body much depressed. 

22, (23.) Rostrum longer than head and only 
slightly dilated; head short, sub- 
conical; elytra with 9 shallow striz, 
the intervals being broad and plane.. 11. 

28, (22.) Rostrum shorter than head and broadly 
dilated ; head elongate, subquadrate ; 
elytra with 10 deep striz, the intervals 
narrow and subcarinate ...........- 12. 

24, (1.) Rostrum subcylindrical, not dilated at 
apex. 

25. (26.) Rostrum impunctate dorsally ; central 
impression on prothorax at base only, 


the median carina indistinct anteriorly. 13. 


26. (25.) Rostrum punctate dorsally ; central im- 
pein on prothorax reaching from 

ase to apex, the median carina distinct 

throughout 


1. Cossonus abscissus, Boh. 


20. (9.) Rostrum with a central furrow at base . 10. 
(8 


B raly oh atstete abe deiscts lace aaiade 14. 


C. transvaalensis, 
[sp. n. 


C. suturalis, Boh. 


. C. uma, sp. n. 


[sp. n. 
C. chirindensis, 
C. elongatulus, F. 


C. glabricollis, Boh. 


C. complanatus, 
[sp. n. 


C. immeritus, 


Féhr. 


sp. n. 
C. scrobicolls, 


Cossonus abscissus, Boh. Schon, Gen. Cure. iy. p. 1036 (1888) ; Gerst. 


Wiegm. Arch. 1871, i. p. 75. 


Long. 53-7, lat. 13-2 mm. 


Head subconical, obsoletely punctate on vertex, forehead 
strongly punctured and with a broad central impression con- 
taining a deep round fovea; eyes slightly prominent. ?os- 
trum stout, about as long as broad, scarcely curved, strongly 
dilated from base to apex; upper surface with a central 
impression (continued from forehead) at the base only, plane 


South-African Species of Cossonus. 395 


anteriorly, with distinct confluent punctuation and occasionally 
a faint central carina; antenne inserted about middle, piceous. 
Prothorax bipartite, longer than broad, apex truncate and 
much narrower than base, which is deeply bisinuate ; a very 
deep constriction near apex; the posterior portion slightly 
convex, evenly set with large deep punctures and with an 
obsolete median carina; the anterior portion somewhat. raised 
and much less coarsely punctured ; colour dull black, bare. 
Elytra separately rounded at base, a little broader than pro- 
thorax at shoulders, which are sloping, sides subparallel to 
beyond middle; upper surface slightly convex, with only 
eight complete striz, containing rows of very large and deep 
foveole, the third and fourth rows each divided into two at 
base by narrow carine extending only a short distance, the 
intervals very narrow, each with a row of indistinct and 
distant punctures bearing minute sete, which can only be 
perceived with difficulty ; colour dull black. Legs closely 
punctured and with sparse pale pubescence, femora black, 
tibiz and tarsi piceous. 

CapPE Cotony: Algoa Bay (Dr. H. Brauns) ; NatTau: 
Malvern (C. N. Barker); ‘TRANSVAAL: Leydenburg (Dr. 
J. W. B. Gunning) ; MasHONALAND: Victoria. 

Type missing; in Ecklon and Zeyher’s collection. 

This species may be readily recognized from all its South- 
African congeners by the structure of the thorax. The only 
specimen I have taken was found under the bark of a large 
dead acacia. ‘lhe species has been recorded by Faust from 
Camerun and by Gerstaecker from Arusha in German East 
Africa. Some specimens are covered with a fine earthy 
indumentum, which can be made to scale off ; it is not quite 
clear whether this is a natural covering or merely adventitious. 


2. Cossonus Sheppard, sp. n. 


Long. 5-6, lat. 14-14 mm. 

Head subconical, almost impunctate on vertex, forehead 
closely and coarsely punctured and with a small central 
fovea, each puncture being filled with a short, depressed, 
scale-like, white seta; eyes prominent. Rostrum stout, about 
as long as head, scarcely curved, gradually dilated from base 
to apex; upper surface plane, with punctures and sete similar 
to those on forehead ; antenne ferruginous, inserted in front 
of middle, Prothorax longer than broad, apex truncate, base 
faintly bisinuate, sides slightly rounded, broadest rather 
behind middle and strongly constricted near apex ; upper 
surface slightly convex, without any central furrow or 

27* 


396 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on the 


carina, evenly set with large shallow punctures, each con- 
taining a very short white seta; colour dull black. Hlytra 
subtruncate at base, a little broader than prothorax at 
shoulders, which are rounded, sides subparallel to beyond 
middle ; upper surface somewhat convex, with ten complete 
stris containing deep closely-set punctures, the intervals 
plane, as broad as the striz near the suture, but those between 
the third and fourth striz and between the fifth and sixth are 
very narrow and uneven, so that the punctures in these striz 
are respectively approximated and often irregular or even 
more or less confused together (TYPE form) ; the broader 
intervals have each a row of small but distinct and close 
punctures bearing minute depressed white sete; colour, dull 
black. Zegs punctate, with scattered depressed white sete, 
piceous, with the tarsi ferruginous. 

PorTUGUESE E. AFrica: Beira (P. A. Sheppard). 

Type in the British Museum. 

Allied to C. abscissus, Boh., from which it differs, however, 
in many characters. Its nearest ally is C. torridus, Boh., 
from Senegal, but the latter, which is a more robust insect, 
has its rostrum very strongly and quadrangularly dilated at 
the apex and with a low central carina; the thoracic constric- 
tion is similar, but the basal margin is more deeply bisinuate, 
and the intervals on the elytra are much more coarsely 
punctured. 

I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. P. A. 
Sheppard, of Beira, to whom I am indebted for much valuable 
material from that hitherto unworked locality. 


3. Cossonus carinicollis, Fahr. 
Cossonus carinicollis, Fahy. Cify. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1871, p. 284. 


Long. 5-8, lat. 13-23 mm. . 

Head subconical, closely and strongly punctured ; forehead 
with a deep central fovea ; eyes slightly prominent. Rostrum 
rather longer than head, parallel-sided to about middle, thence 
abruptly and quadtangularly dilated ; upper surface plane, 
closely and distinctly punctured, but with a variable impune- 
tate median line or patch; antenne inserted near apex. 
Prothorax scarcely longer than broad, apex truncate and 
much narrower than base, which is slightly bisinuate, sides 
moderately rounded, broadest at middle, slightly constricted 
at apex, posterior angles with a very small acute projection ; 
upper surface almost plane, closely and distinctly punctured 
throughout, and with a smooth central carina, which has a 
broad shallow impression on each side at base; colour black 


South-African Species of Cossonus. 397 


or ferruginous, with carina and margins black. Elytra a 
little broader than prothorax at shoulders, which are sloping, 
base subtruncate, sides parallel to beyond middle; upper 
surface slightly convex, with ten complete broad stria con- 
taining rows cf large deep punctures, the intervals narrow, 
subconvex, minutely punctulate; colour either black or 
ferruginous, with the suture and margins black or entirely 
ferruginous. Legs comparatively long, closely punctulate 
and sparsely pubescent, varying in colour from black to 
ferruginous. 

Nata: Durban. 

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum. 

Much the largest of our South-African species and with no 
near ally. 


4, Cossonus africanus, Boh. 
Cossonus africanus, Boh. Schon. Gen. Cure. viii. 2, p. 272 (1845). 


Long. 4—44, lat. 14-14 mm. 

Hlead subconical, vertex impunctate, forehead finely punc- 
tured and with a distinct fovea; eyes slightly prominent. 
Rostrum scarcely longer than head, narrow and subcylindrical 
at base, strongly and quadrangularly dilated in the apical 
half ; upper surface smooth, flattened towards apex, with fine 
scattered punctuation; antenne stout, ferruginous. Pro- 
thorax about as long as broad, apex truncate, much narrower 
than base, which is lightly bisinuate, sides slightly rounded, 
and gradually dilated from apex to just behind middle, apex 
with a slight constriction; upper surface somewhat convex, 
with a distinct central carina and a shallow longitudinal im- 
pression on each side of it; the punctures are close and deep 
near the carina, becoming finer on the disk and stronger 
again towards the sides; colour black, shining. Elyira 
separately rounded at base, a little broader than prothorax at 
shoulders, which are roundedly prominent, sides parallel to 
beyond middle ; upper surface slightly convex, with 9 com- 
plete fine strize containing rows of small closely-set punctures, 
the intervals comparatively broad, almost plane, impunctate, 
but faintly coriaceous ; colour black, moderately shining. 
Legs piceous, bare, finely punctate ; tibize and tarsi ferruginous. 

Care or Goop Hore (Wahlberg), Cape Town (4. 
Raffray). 

‘TYPE in the Stockholm Museum. 

The punctuation of the discal areas of the prothorax is: 
variable, being much closer and more distinct in some 
specimens, These latter are thus not unlike very small 


398 Mr, G. A. K. Marshall on the 


examples of C. elongatulus, F., in general appearance; but 
the rostral structure of that species is very different and the 
elytra are more deeply striate. 


5. Cossonus tincivilis, Fahr. 

Cossonus incivilis, Fahr. CEfv. K, Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1871, p. 286. 

Long. 4-42, lat. 14-12 mm. 

Head subconical, impunctate on vertex, forehead punctu- 
late and with a variable central fovea; eyes rather large, 
slightly prominent. Rostrumabout as long as head, narrowing 
gradually from base to middle, thence broadly and quadran- 
gularly dilated to apex ; upper surface even, closely and finely 
punctured ; antenne short and stout, ferruginous, inserted in 
front of middle. Prothorax rather longer than broad, apex 
truncate and much narrower than base, which is strongly 
bisinuate, sides slightly rounded, broadest about middle, 
faintly constricted at apex; upper surface slightly convex, 
with a strong central impression, narrow from near apex to 
middle, thence broadly and triangularly dilated to base, the 
anterior part being usually shallow ; the impression is strongly 
punctured and contains a very narrow undulating carina, the 
disk smooth and with very fine sparse punctuation, beyond 
which the sides are deeply and coarsely punctured ; colour 
black, shining. lytra separately rounded at hase, very 
little broader than prothorax at shoulders, which are sloping, 
sides parallel to beyond middle; upper surface moderately 
convex, with nine complete strongly punctured striae, which 
are very deep uear the suture, but become shallower laterally, 
intervals almost as broad as striw, convex and impunctate ; 
colour black, shining. Zcgs short, piceous, bare, and obso- 
letely punctured, tarsi paler. 

NataL: Verulam, Umgeni; MASHONALAND: Salisbury. 

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum. 

The typical specimens taken by Wahlberg in “ Caffraria ” 
are apparently immature, all my own examples being of a 
shining black colour. ‘he species in general form and sculp- 
ture is allied to suturalis, Boh., and transvaalensis, Mshl., 
but it is distinctly more convex, the rostrum is much more 
dilated and more evidently punctured above, and the thoracic 
impression is of a different shape. 

In Natal I found this insect in decaying Euphorbias, and 


at Salisbury under the rotting bark of what is locally known 
as the “* cabbage-tree.” 


a 


South-African Species of Cossonus. 399 


6. Cossonus transvaalensis, sp. n. 


Long. 33, lat. 1 mm. 

Head subconical, black, shining, impunctate, with a distinct 
shallow transverse impression behind the eyes ; forehead with 
a small central fovea; eyes slightly prominent. Rostrum 
about as long as head, moderately curved, cylindrical at base, 
thence gradually dilated and flattened towards apex, upper 
surface with very fine faint punctuation, the sides coarsely 
punctured; antenne ferruginous, inserted about middle. 
Prothorax a little longer than broad, sides slightly rounded, 
broadest about middle, constricted near apex, base bisinuate ; 
upper surface plane, with a deep, sharply defined, V-shaped 
central impression, which is filled with coarse punctures and 
has no distinct central carina; discal area impuncetate, the 
sides closely and deeply punctured; colour black, glabrous. 
Llytra rounded at base and scarcely broader than the thorax, 
shoulders rounded, sides parallel to beyond middle ; upper 
surface slightly convex, scarcely striate except close to base, 
but with nine complete rows of deep separate punctures, 
which are smaller apically and laterally, the intervals plane 
and impunctate; colour black, shining, glabrous. Legs 
piceous, obsoletely punctured. 

TRANSVAAL. 

TyPeE in the British Museum. 

Nearly allied structurally to C. suturalis, Boh., but the 
present species is a distinctly narrower and slightly more 
convex insect, and, in addition to the characters mentioned in 
the key, it may be distinguished by the coarser punctuation 
of the rostrum and the difference in the striation of the elytra. 


7. Cossonus suturalis, Boh. 
Cossonus suturalts, Boh, Schon. Gen. Cure. iv. p. 1035 (1838). 


Long. 4-5, lat. 1-12 mm. 

Head subconical, black, glabrous, minutely punctured, and 
with a deep oblong fovea on forehead ; eyes slightly promi- 
nent. Rostrum about as long as head, very little curved, 
sides subparallel at base, apical half with a slight quadran- 
gular dilatation ; upper surface impunctate, the sides faintly 
yunctured ; antenne ferruginous, inserted well in front of 
middle. Prothorax a little longer than broad, sides slightly 
rounded, broadest behind middle, apex distinctly constricted, 
base gently bisinuate ; upper surface depressed, with a broad 
central impression, gradually dilated from near apex to base 
and filled throughout with large confluent punctures, except 


400 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on the 


for a smooth central line of variable width ; discal area im- 
punctate, the sides closely and strongly punctured ; colour 
black, glabrous. Elytra subtruncate at base and scarcely 
broader than thorax, shoulders slightly prominent, the sides 
very gradually narrowed from base to apex; upper surface 
depressed, with nine complete strongly punctured striz, which 
are deep and crenato-punctate on disk, but very shallow 
laterally, the intervals plane but narrow and impunctate ; 
colour ferruginous brown, with the suture and apex broadly, 
the lateral margins narrowly black. Legs black, shining, 
obsoletely punctured, tarsi piceous. 

NatTaL: Durban, Verulam. 

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum. 

A common species occurring in some numbers under the 
rotting bark of several soft-wood trees, and especially the 


Kafir boom (Zrythrina caffra). Also recorded from the 
Congo by Faust. 


8. Cossonus umzila, sp. n. 

Long. 33-4, lat. 1-1} mm. 

Head subconical, vertex impunctate; forehead closely and 
finely punctured, but without any central fovea; eyes promi- 
nent. ostrum longer than head, subcylindrical at base, 
distinctly though not broadly dilated in the apical half ; 
upper surface convex, shining black, with extremely fine 
punctuation ; antenne inserted near apex, ferruginous. Pro- 
thorax scarcely longer than broad, apex truncate, base bi- 
sinuate, sides subparallel to about middle, thence rapidly 
narrowed to apex, where there is a slight constriction ; upper 
surface plane, with a broad, deep, triangular impression ex- 
tending from the apical constriction to base, the impression 
being rugosely punctured and containing a broad impunctate 
carina throughout; the portions of the disk adjoining the 
certral impression are quite smooth and impunctate, but the 
sides are very coarsely punctured; shining black, bare. 
Elytra separately rounded at base, a trifle broader than pro- 
thorax at shoulders, which are sloping, sides subparallel to 
beyond middle; upper surface plane, subdepressed, with nine 
deep strongly punctured stria, the tenth stria being sub- 
humeral and much abbreviated, the intervals narrow, carinate, 
and impunetate. Legs piceous black, shining, bare, impunc- 
tate ; tarsi ferruginous. 

S.E. MasHonaALAND: Chirinda Forest. 

TYPE in the British Museum. 


South-African Species of Cossonus, 401 


9. Cossonus chirindensis, sp. n. 


Long. 5-53, lat. 1}-1} mm. 

Head subconical, impunctate on vertex ; forehead finely 
punctured and with a deep elongate fovea; eyes prominent. 
Rostrum scarcely longer than head, sinuate laterally in the 
middle, broadly and subquadranzularly dilated at apex ; 
upper surface closely and finely punctured, almost plane 
apically ; antennze ferruginous, inserted quite close to apex. 
Prothorax broader than long, apex truncate, much narrower 
than base, which is bisinuate; sides subparallel to about 
middle, then gradually narrowed to apex, where there is a 
slight constriction ; upper surface almost plane, very finely 
punctured on the disk, but coarsely so towards the sides, with 
a shallow longitudinal impression close to apex containing an 
ill-defined central carina, with a few large punctures on each 
side of it, and a much deeper trapezoidal impression at base, 
which is rugosely punctured and contains a distinct narrow 
carina, the two impressions being separated by a narrow 
smooth space; colour uniform light testaceous brown. 
Elytra separately rounded at base, broader than the pro- 
thorax at shoulders, which are roundedly prominent, sides 
subparallel to beyond middle ; upper surface plane, with ten 
complete, deep, and strongly punctured striz, the intervals 
being narrow, convex, and impunctate; colour uniform 
testaceous brown, a little darker than the prothorax. Legs 
testaceous, bare, and finely punctured. 

S.E. MAsHONALAND: Chirinda Forest. 

Type in the British Museum. 

This species, as also C. umzitla, I captured flying in the 
daytime along shady paths in the dense forest. 


10. Cossonus elongatulus, Fab. 


Curculio elongatulus, Fab. Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 168. 

Cossonus elongatulus, Boh. Schon, Gen. Cure. iv. p. 1022 (18387). 

Long. 33-64, lat. 1-2 mm. 

Head subconical, piceous, shining, impunctate on vertex ; 
forehead with fine scattered punctures ; eyes slightly promi- 
nent. Rostrum stout, a little shorter than head, broad and 
flattened ; sides parallel in the basal half and with a slight 
quadrangular dilatation at apex, black or ferruginous, 
shining, deeply punctured, and with a broad central furrow, 
which ascends the forehead, but is abbreviated anteriorly ; 
antenne stout, ferruginous. Prothorax longer than broad, 
apex truncate, much narrower than base, which is subbisinuate, 


402 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on the 


sides gently rounded, broadest about middle, rapidly narrowing 
towards apex, where there is a slight constriction; upper 
surface almost plane, deeply and closely punctured, with a 
slightly raised smooth central line and a faint longitudinal 
impression on each side of it ; colour entirely black or ferru- 
ginous, with the sides and under surface sometimes blackish. 
Elytra subtruncate at base, a little broader than the pro- 
thorax at shoulders, which are subrectangular, sides parallel 
to beyond middle; upper surface almost plane, with deep and 
strongly punctured strie, the intervals narrow and impunc- 
tate; colour entirely black or ferruginous, the suture and 
lateral margins being more or less infuscate. Leys short, 
rather slender, with faint scattered punctuation, black or 
ferruginous, with the knees rather darker. 

Care or Goop Hope (teste Boheman) ; S.E. MAsHona- 
LAND: Chirinda Forest. 

I am not aware of the existence of Fabricius’s type of this 
species; but the specimens upon which Boheman founded 
his description are in the Stockholm Museum. 

Boheman also records the insect from India and Mauritius. 

With the exception of C. abscissus, Boh., which differs 
widely in other respects, this is the only South-African 
species with a furrow on the upper surface of the rostrum. 


11. Cossonus glabricollis, Boh. 
Cossonus glabricollis, Boh. op. cit. iv. p. 1034 (1838). 


Long. 4, lat. 15 mm. 

Head conical, shining, impunctate, with a minute fovea on 
forehead and slightly constricted behind the eyes, which are 
subdepressed. ostrum longer than head, curved, subcylin- 
drical at base, slightly and quadrangularly dilated apically ; 
smooth, shining, and almost impunctate; antennze compara- 
tively long, ferruginous, inserted in front of middle. Pro- 
thoraa broadest at base, gradually narrowed till close to apex, 
where there is a slight constriction, apex truncate, base bi- 
sinuate, posterior angles with a minute sharp projection ; 
upper surface plane, smooth, shining black, impunctate, 
except for two irregular central rows of fine punctures (some- 
times partly obsolete). lytra separately rounded at base, a 
trifle broader than prothorax at shoulders, which are 
roundedly prominent, sides parallel to beyond middle; upper 
surface depressed, with nine complete fine shallow striz con- 
taining regular rows of small distant punctures, which are 
faint near the suture and become gradually stronger laterally, 


South-African Spectes of Cossonus. 403 


the intervals broad, plane, and impunctate ; colour shining 
black. Legs black, shining, impunctate; tarsi ferruginous. 

Navan: Malvern. 

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum, 

This does not appear to be a common insect, and I have 
taken it only under the bark of rotten Katfir booms (Erythrina 


caffra). 


12. Cossonus complanatus, sp. n. 


Long. 5, Jat. 1} mm. 

Head elongate, subquadrate, constricted near base, with 
very fine scattered punctuation and a minute fovea on fore- 
head; eyes somewhat prominent. Rostrum rather shorter 
than the head, strongly and quadrangularly dilated from 
middle to apex, upper surface almost plane and with the 
punctuation rather stronger and closer than on the head; 
antenne ferruginous, inserted close to apex. Prothorax a 
trifle longer than broad, apex truncate and much narrower 
than base, which is bisinuate, sides slightly rounded, broadest 
behind middle, gradually narrowed anteriorly, and with a 
constriction at apex; upper surface plane, much depressed, 
with fine scattered punctuation, having an impunctate central 
line, on each side of which there is near the base a very faint 
longitudinal impression containing rather deeper punctures, 
posterior angles with a minute sharp projection; colour 
black, shining. /ytra strongly depressed, jointly rounded 
at base, a little broader than prothorax at the shoulders, 
which are roundedly prominent, sides parallel to far beyond 
middle; upper surface plane, with ten complete deep strize 
containing rows of distinct closely-set punctures, the intervals 
narrow, plane, and impunctate ; colour piceous black, shining. 
Legs black, bare, finely punctulate; tarsi piceous. 

Nata: Malvern. 

TYPE in the British Museum. 

I have seen only a single example of this very distinct 
species, which I captured flying at sundown in August 1897. 
Its extremely depressed form will at once distinguish it from 
all other South-African species, its nearest ally in this respect 
being glabricollis, Boh. ‘These two species are the only ones 
in which the prothorax is smooth and without any distinct 
carina or other sculpturing. From glabricollis the present 
species may be further distinguished by its much shorter and 
broader rostrum, differently shaped head, and by the deeper 
and closer striation of the elytra. 


404 On the South-African Species of Cossonus. 


13. Cossonus immeritus, Fahr. 

Cossonus immeritus, Fihr. ify. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 1871, p. 286. 

Long. 43-5, lat. 127-13 mm. 

Head shortly conical, impunctate ; forehead with a central 
fovea; ‘eyes slightly prominent. Lostrum nearly twice as 
long as head, stout, parallel-sided, slightly curved, punctate 
on the sides, but glabrous dorsally ; antenne stout, ferru- 
ginous. Prothorax about as long as broad, apex truncate, 
much narrower than base, which is bisinuate, sides subparallel 
from base to beyond middle, narrowed anteriorly, and with a 
faint constriction at apex; upper surface slightly convex, 
with deep subremote punctuation and a median basal impres- 
sion; the central carina scarcely noticeable, except in the 
basal impression; colour black, bare, shining. lytraa little 
broader than prothorax at the shoulders, which are roundedly 
prominent, sides parallel to beyond middle; upper surface 
slightly convex, with ten complete deep and strongly punc- 
tured stria, the intervals convex and impunctate; colour 
black, glabrous. Legs black, impunctate, tarsi ferruginous. 

CAFFRARIA (teste Fahreus). 

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum. 


14. Cossonus serobicollis, sp. n. 


Long. 4-44, lat. 13 mm. 

Head conical, vertex impunctate ; forehead punctulate and 
with a central fovea; eyes subdepressed, ostrum longer 
than head, curved, subcylindrical, and not dilated at apex ; 
punctuation distinct at base, but becoming much finer apically ; 
antennze inserted at middle, short, stout, ferruginous. Pro- 
thorax as long as broad, apex truncate and much narrower 
than base, which is strongly bisinuate, sides but little 
rounded, slightly constricted behind apex, broadest about 
middle ; upper surface somewhat convex, closely and very 
coarsely punctured throughout, and with a deep triangular 
central impression, broadening from apex to base, the im- 
pression itself rugosely punctured and containing a complete 
smooth carina. Llytra separately rounded at base, a little 
broader than prothorax at shoulders, which are obtusely 
prominent, sides parallel to beyond middle; upper surface 
moderately convex, with ten deep very strongly punctured 
strie, which are hardly shallower laterally (except the 
tenth, which is faint), the intervals narrow, subcarinate, and 
impunctate. Legs piceous, shining, finely punctulate ; tarsi 
ferruginous. 


Mr. L. J. Cole on Ten-legged Pycnogonids. 405 


Nata: Verulam ; PorruGuese H. Arrica: Beira (P. A. 
Sheppard). 

Type in the British Museum. 

In addition to the characters mentioned in the key, this 
species may be distinguished from its only near ally, C. im- 
meritus, Fahr., by the following points:—the shorter rostrum ; 
the closer punctuation of the thorax, which is often longitu- 
dinally scrobiculate ; the broader and more deeply punctured 
striz on the elytra; and the narrower subcarinate intervals. 

This species was found under the bark of rotten Kuphorbia 
trees. 


LIV.—Ten-legged Pycnogonids, with Remarks on the 
Classification of the Pycnogonida. By Luon J. Core. 


In arecent paper published in this Journal by T. V. Hodgson 
(1904), Biologist to the National Antarctic Expedition, 
appears a description of a most interesting Pycnogonid taken 
during the stay of the ‘ Discovery’ in winter-quarters in 
MeMurdo Bay. It differs from the ordinary members of the 
group in possessing five pairs instead of the usual number of 
four pairs of walking or “ambulatory” legs. In other 
respects it is very close to the well-known genus Nymphon. 
Hodgson considers that this remarkable animal should be 
regarded as representing a new genus as well as a new 
species, and has proposed for it the name Pentanymphon 
antarcticum. Thatit is nota fortuitous or “freak ” variation 
is pretty well shown by the fact that in all twenty-eight 
individuals were taken, both males and females. They were 
found inhabiting water from 12 to 125 fathoms in depth. 
Hodgson believes that “ the presence of a fifth pair of legs 
[is] a character which separates it from all Pycnogonids 
hitherto known” ; but as early as 1837 Eights (1837) pub- 
lished a description of a Pycnogonid with a fifth pair of 
walking-legs from the South Shetland Jslands, and gave to 
it the name Decolopoda australis—a fact which seems never 
to have come to the attention of workers on the group since 
that time. Eights gives a very good description and illus- 
tration of the species—much better than the average at that 
early date,—though the figures do not seem to agree in all 
details with the description. He states that the entire 
animal was of a bright scarlet colour, and so figures it; and 


406 Mr. L. J. Cole on Ten-legged Pycnogonids. 


regarding their abundance says, “They are to be found in 
considerable numbers in connexion with the fuci, thrown up 
by the waves along the shores of the islands, after being 
detached by the motion of the large masses of ice, from the 
bottom of the sea.” It appears that the specimens were 
collected by himself, and at least the one from which the 
description was made is recorded as in the “ Cabinet of James 
Eights.” About a year ago I attempted to secure informa- 
tion regarding Dr. James Eights and where he had lived, in 
the hope of locating these specimens, but was unsuccessful. 
Thinking they might have been deposited later in the collec- 
tions of the Boston Society of Natural History, with the 
assistance of Mr. Johnston, the Curator, I made search there, 
but with like result. 

An interesting question immediately arises as to the rela- 
tionship of these unusual forms to the other Pycnogonida. 
It. would be natural to expect that they would form a rather 
closely related and perhaps primitive group—possibly a 
distinct family—by themselves; but such does not appear to 
be the case. As has been stated, the only important feature 
in which Pentanymphon differs from Nymphon is in the 
possession of the extra pair of appendages. Decolopoda, on 
the other hand, resembles more closely in general appear- 
ance the genus Chetonymphon of G. O. Sars; but the 
possession of 10-jointed palpi throws it out of the family 
Nymphonide entirely if we accept the family as limited by 
Sars (s891, p. 54), though it might be included in the 
broader definitions given by Meinert (1899, p. 33) and Hoek 
(1881, p. 17). It still differs, however, from the other 
known forms in the family by the possession of so many 
(ten) palpal joints, and would seem to come intermediate 
between the Nymphonidee and the Eurycydide (Asco- 
rhynchid), leaving out of consideration for the present the 
extra pair of legs. There are two ways in which these forms 
might be related to the other Pycnogonids:—(1) The extra 
pair of appendages may indicate that they are more primitive 
and that this is an indication of their origin from a form 
which possessed a still larger number of segments, thus 
forming, perhaps, a connexion with the Crustacea ; or (2) it 
may be a character which represents a later differentiation, 
though this latter does not to me seem at all probable. In 
this connexion the speculation of Eights in the paper men- 
tioned above (1837, p. 205) is of interest. He says :—“I 
have placed this interesting animal in the class ARACH- 
NIDES, in consequence of its close approximation to 


Mr. L. J. Cole on Ten-legged Pycnogonids. 407 


Latreille’s second family Pycnogonides *, of his order Tracu- 
EARLE; it possesses all of the characters, besides which it 
has a segment supporting two additional legs, making in all 
five perfect pairs; this latter circumstance would doubtless 
bring it in the preceding class CRUSTACEA, being a cha- 
racter which strikin ely distinguishes the animals that « compose 
it; at all events, I think it will certainly form a connecting- 
link in the great chain of the animal kingdom, between these 
two classes, passing from the CRUSTACEA into the 
ARACHNIDES by the genera Nympnon, PHoxicuitt, 
Pycnoconvum, &c.” 

That the Pyenogonids form a remarkably homogeneous 
group has often been mentioned, and with the discovery of 
new forms the existing gaps are rapidly being filled. It is 
the existence of gaps in our series that enables us to designate 
species, genera, famili es, and other taxonomic groups, and as 
these gaps become gradually filled the demarcation of the 
groups becomes incieasingly difficult. 1t leads at first either 
to putting narrower limits upon our various terms and 
splitting one genus into a number of genera, one species into 
a number of species, &c., or the formation of new subgroups 
as new subgenera, subspecies, &c. Both of these processes 
have been going on extensively in nearly all branches of the 
animal kingdom ; but as the series becomes more and more 
complete it becomes more and more difficult to draw lines of 
distinction—in other words, to find gaps; and as any gap 
becomes filled our subspecies, species, or genus, or whatever 
it is, must expand to include all those forms to the next 
existing break in the series, or else an arbitrary artificial 
demarcation must be made. In the Pycnogonida the series 
of characters upon which the present classification depends 
is so nearly complete—the differences are so small—that the 
limitations, especially of the larger groups, such as the 
families, are admittedly arbitrary, and it is a matter upon 
which hardly two authors agree. But whereas this profusion 
of “ connecting-links ” is a source of much confusion to the 
taxonomist, it should enable us to trace very definitely the 
phylogenetic development. Whether this can be done on 
the basis of the characters at present in use we cannot 
say until a more careful examination has been made of 
the anatomical details of other organs, and probably not 
until the early embryonic and larval development of more 
of the species is better known, though I believe a thorough 


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Mr. L. J. Cole on Ten-legged Pyenogonids. 409 


knowledge of the embryology is going to be of more importance 
in elucidating the question of the relationship of the 
Pyenogonida to the other Arthropoda. 

In the following discussion I have used the families as 
adopted by Sars (1891), not because I consider them neces- 
sarily more true to a correct system than those given by 
some other authors, but because they are better adapted to 
my present purpose. 1 shall use them simply as milestones 
to mark certain points, or, perhaps better, stretches along 
the road of phylogenetic development, without intending to 
imply that these stretches might not consistently be fewer or 
greater in number, and with their limits at different points. 

The systems given by most recent authors differ from that 
which I have temporarily adopted here for the most part 
only in the employment of different names, derived from 
other genera, or in being more or less inclusive. The number 
of families given by Sars (1891, p. 144) is larger than is 
generally recognized, and consequently his classification is 
more useful to me in showing the gradual stages of differen- 
tiation ; and where, in one or two instances, this series has 
not been complete enough for my purpose, I have introduced 
generic names for greater completeness. In most cases the 
names of the families are derived from well-known genera; 
where another genus in the family is perhaps better known 
I have indicated the fact. I have retained the order of 
sequence as given by Sars, except for the transposition of the 
Pasithoide to a position next the Ammotheidz instead of 
the Eurycydide, as they appear to be more nearly related to 
the former. 

The character on which the families are chiefly based is 
the pees or ee or the state et development attained 
ifori, palpi, and 
ovigera. In pes a thas forms wit possess these ap- 
pendages well developed are to be considered the more 
primitive, a fact shown by the ontogenetic development of 
those which do not possess them in the fully adult stage. 
The condition of these appendages (together with the 
presence or absence of denticulate spines on the ovigera, the 
degree of trunk-segmentation, and the number and position 
of the genital openings) is given for the various families in 
the table on p. 408. 

It will be noticed from the table that there are two 
diverging series, each starting from a primitive condition, 
fairly weli represented, seemingly, by Decolopoda. Decolo- 
poda might well be the basis for a distinct family, the 
Decolopodide, if it were not for difficulties encountered in 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 28 


410 Mr. L. J. Cole on Ten-legged Pycnogonids. 


disposing of Pentanymphon, which will be taken up again. 
These relationships are expressed more graphically in the 
following diagram :— 


PYCNOGONOMORPHA. 
Pycnogonide. 
Phoxichilida. 
Phoxichilidiide. COLOSSENDEOMORPHA, 
it Pasithoide. 
Hannonia. 
Pallenida. 
x Ammotheida. 
Nymphonida. 
| 
| 
Pentanymphon. Boryeydiae: 


Decolopoda. 


In the table I have indicated the division of the families 
into orders as arranged by Sars. lLankester (1904) makes 
practically the same grouping, but employs different names, 
T can see no valid reason for a division into Achelata and 
Euchelata(or into Pyenogonomorpha and Nymphonomorpha, 
as given by Lankester), a distinction based on the absence of 
a single pair of organs (the chelifori) in the former group, 
since the palpi are absent or rudimentary in the Pallenidz 
and in the Phoxichilidiude the ovigera are present only in 
the male. <A reference to the table will show that there is 
no place in this series where a line can be drawn based on a 
number of characters—in fact, not more than a single one of 
the characters given changes at any given point in the series. 
It therefore seems best to make but two orders, representing 
the two divergent series. These can well be designated by 


Mr. L. J. Cole on Ten-legged Pycnogonids. Alt 


names derived from their most specialized forms; for one I 
have therefore used the name Pycnogonomorpha, Pocock, 
given by Lankester (1904, p. 225), while for the sake of 
consistency I have proposed the term Colossendeomorpha 
for the other order. 

In Decolopoda, of all known Pycnogonids, we have the 
most primitive conditions. Here the chelifori are well 
developed and strongly chelate, the palpi are present and 
made up of ten joints, the ovigera are present in both sexes * 
and are provided with denticulate spines, and the trunk- 
segmentation is distinct. In the Pycnogonomorpha we find 
that there is a gradual tendency to a reduction of the ante- 
rior appendages: the chelifori are lost in the Phoxichilidee ; 
in the palpi the joints are reduced one half in number at the 
beginning, and are lost entirely in some of the Pallenide ; 
the females no longer bear ovigera in the Phoxichilidiide, 
and in Hannonia the denticulate spines are lacking from 
these appendages; the segmentation remains distinct and 
well marked throughout. In the Colossendeomorpha the 
chelifori have rather rudimentary chele in the Eurycydide, 
are present (usually) but not chelate in adult Ammotheide, 
and are lost entirely in the Pasithoide; the palpi remain 
well developed throughout, but are reduced as to tue number 
of joints composing them in the Ammotheide, in which 
character they make a slight break in the gradation of the 
series + ; the ovigera are retained in both sexes throughout, 
though the denticulate spines are lost in the Pasithoide ; 
the trunk-segmentation shows a direct gradation from a 
well-marked condition in the Eurycydide to a complete 
coalition in the Pasithoide, both conditions being found in 
the intermediate family. 

The most remarkable features in these two series are the 
directness of the two lines of differentiation and the similar 
tendency in both to a reduction of the parts. Hach of the 
families is intermediate, in the characters commonly used. for 
their distinction, between the one that precedes and the oue 
that follows (with the minor exception in the case of the 
Ammotheide, as noted), This approaches the kind of 
“chain” that was looked for by some of the early evolu- 


* “Of the many specimens that I obtained I saw none but such as 
were furnished with what are termed the egg-bearing organs, conse- 
quently if those are the females that are thus distinguished, they prove 
much more numerous than the males.” —EiGHTs (1837, p. 205), It is 
probable that he had both sexes. 

+ This is indicated in the diagram by representing the Ammotheides 


as having branclied off slightly from the direct liue. be 
9 


412 Mr. L. J. Cole on Ten-legged Pycnogonids. 


tionists, and I know of no other group where it is so direct 
and complete. The genera within the families will un- 
doubtedly show much secondary branching from this direct 
line of descent. 

While it is difficult to understand why so many characters 
should vary in common if such were the case, still it is 
possible that the utilization of these characters does not give 
us a true classification. This is suggested by the positions of 
the genital openings, as shown in the above table, as well as 
by the structure of the ovaries and possibly some of the 
other organs. The condition of the ovary in Nymphon has 
led Hoek (1881, p. 131) to remark :—“1 perfectly believe, 
however, that the occurrence of a part of the ovary in the 
body of a Pyenogonid is rather rare, because, as arule, only 
the lateral excrescences remain. No doubt this must be 
considered as a secondary condition ; and seeing that, so far 
as I could ascertain, it is the rule in all the species of 
Nymphon, my original opinion, that the genus Nymphon, of 
all the genera of Pycnogonida, resembled most the hypo- 
thetical ancestors of our group, was severely shaken.” 

The system here brought out differs in many respects from 
that of Hoek (1881 a, p. 495), but it is interesting to note 
how closely the form Decolopoda agrees with his hypothetical 
genus Archipycnogonum, which he postulates as follows 
(J. ¢. p. 494) :—“ Archipycnogonum (genre hypothétique).— 
Pycnogonides de grandes dimensions, aux mandibules fortes 
de trois articles et armées d’une pince terminale, aux palpes 
longues de dix articles, aux pattes oviféres, également de dix 
articles, dont les quatre derniers sont pourvus de plusieurs 
rangées d’épines en forme de feuilles. Les pattes thoracique 
ont huit articles et se terminent par une griffe accompaguée 
de deux griffes accessoires.” Hights’s description of Decolo- 
poda agrees in all particulars with this except that he does 
not mention the ‘ accessory claws,” which, however, it is 
fair to assume were present. Hodgson mentions and figures 
them in Pextanymphon. Had Hoek but been aware of it 
there was no need tor him to construct a hypothetical genus 
as the starting-point of the Pycnogonids—it had already been 
described just as he wanted it (except that it had one more 
pair of legs than he supposed) more than forty years earlier. 

Pentanymphon \ have placed between Decolopoda and the 
Nymphouide ; but Boreonymphon and Chetonymphon, with 
their compact bodies and closely approximated lateral pro- 
cesses, would much more nearly resemble Decolopoda in 
general appearance if they had but the fifth pair of legs. It 
would be expected that such a character as the possession 


Mr. L. J. Cole on Ten-legged Pycnogonids. 413 


of an extra segment bearing a pair of legs would be more 
than sufficient for the establishment of a separate family in a 
group where family distinctions are based upon such minor 
characters as the extent of development or suppression of 
certain appendages, with no question of the loss of a segment ; 
but Pentanymphon apparently resembles Nymphon so closely 
in all its minor details, even to the presence of a claw, denti- 
culate on one border, terminating the oviger, that it is incon- 
prehensible that these characters could have been developed 
independently. Except for the extra legs Pentanymphon is 
in all respects a true Nymphon, and this, did we not know of 
another ten legged form, would lead us to suppose that it 
represented the primitive stem of the Pycnogonida. Must 
we, then, conclude that the group has had two points of 
origin ? 

Hodgson (1904, p. 462) states that he understands 
Mr. W.S. Bruce, of the Scottish Antarctic Expedition, has 
taken several specimens of a ten-legged Pycnogonid from 
the Weddell Sea which may prove to be identical with 
Pentanymphon antarcticum. But since the Weddell Sea is on 
the opposite side of the Antarctic continent to McMurdo 
Bay, and not far from the South Shetland Islands, it would 
not be surprising if Mr. Bruce’s specimens turned out to be 
identical with Derolopoda australis *. Should they prove to 
be Decolopoda rediscovered, a careful study of them may add 
much of importance to our knowledge of the Pycnogonida, 
It is noteworthy that the two species of ten-legged Pycno- 
gonids so far described both come from the Antaretic, though 
from opposite sides of the Polar area +. 

The bearing of this extra appendiculate segment on the 
ancestry of the Pyenogouida and their relationship to the 
other Arthropods I shall not discuss at this time, except to 
eall attention to the fact that it adds further difficulties to 


* [Mr. C. V. Hodgson has kindly sent us the following note on this 
point :—Mr. W. 8S. Bruce’s collection of Pyenogonida from the South 
Orkneys includes a single specimen of Pentanymphon antarcticum and 
several specimens of Eights’s Decalopoda australis. This latter has been 
fully described in a paper communicated to the Royal Physical Society 
of Edinburgh on Jan. 23, 1905. With regard ta the genital apertures, 
they exist in both sexes of Decalopoda australis on the second coxa of all 
the legs. In Pentanymphon antarcticum they are very difficult to observe, 
and at present I can only vouch for the female. They occur on all the 
segments eee 

+ South Shetland Islands, about lat. 63° S., long. 60° W.; McMurdo 
Bay, approximately lat. 78°S., long. 168° E. (From map showing 
work of National Antarctic Expedition, ‘Geographical Journal,’ vol. xxiv. 
no. 2, August 1904.) 


4i4 Mr. L. J. Cole on Ten-legged Pycnogonids. 


the acceptance of the homologies of the metameres and ap- 
pendages of the Pycnogonidaassuggested by Lankester (1904), 
who believes that the whole portion of these animals anterior 
to the so-called abdomen corresponds to the prosoma of the 
Arachnids. The segment which bears the fourth pair of 
walking-legs he thinks represents the pregenital somite, and 
it is true that wherever else the genital openings may be 
wanting, they appear always to be present on this pair of 
legs. Neither Eights nor Hodgson mentions the genital 
openings in the ten-legged forms, and a knowledge of con- 
ditions there will be of considerable theoretical interest. It 
may be mentioned here that Lankester appears to have over- 
looked the two pairs of appendages present in the embryos of 
all Pyenogonids (possibly absent in Pallene and related 
species: Meinert, 1899), which are not represented in the 
appendages of any adult species. Lankester considers the 
Pycnogonida a subclass of the Arachnida, and Meinert, 
chiefly from his studies of the embryology, also relates them 
to that group, but differs entirely from Lankester in his 
conception of the homologies of the various appendages. 
Carpenter (1903) likewise classes them with the Arachnida 
and agrees more nearly with Lankester as to the homologies 
of the metameres; he believes, however, that the palps of 
the Pyenogonids are not represented by appendages in living 
Arachnids, and concludes that the present type of Arachnid 
head “ was preceded by a head with four pairs” of ap- 
pendages. More recently Mecisenheimer (1902) has made a 
careful study of the early embryonic stages of Ammothea 
echinata, and has reached conclusions exactly opposed to 
those of Meinert. In a short paper giving his main results 
Meisenheimer (1902 4), after presenting his evidence, con- 
cludes (p. 64) :—‘‘ Und somit hat uns die Larvenentwicklung 
der Pantopoden mit grosser Bestimmtheit auf eine nahe 
Verwandtschaft dieser Gruppe mit den Crustaceen hinge- 
fihrt.” It is thus obvious that naturalists are no nearer to 
agreeing to-day upon the systematic position of the Pycno- 
gonida than they have been at any time in the past. 


Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A., 
12th January, 1905, 


List of Papers referred to. 


CARPENTER, G. H. 
(1903) “ On the Relationships between the Classes of the Arthropoda.” 
Proc, Roy. Irish Acad, vol. xxiv, sect. B, pt. 4, pp. 320-360, 

pl. vi. 


a eww +" 


On new Species of Ceropalide. 415 


Eieuts, JAMEs. 
(1837) “ Description of a new Animal belonging to the Arachnides of 
Latreille ; discovered in the Sea along the Shores of the 
New South Shetland Islands.” Bost. Journ, Nat. Hist. 
vol. i. pp. 208-206, pl. vii. 
Hopesoy, T. V. 


(1904) “Ona new Pycnogonid from the South Polar Regions.” Ann. 
& Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vol. xiv. pp. 458-462, pl. xiv. 


Horr, P; PC: 
(1881) ‘“ Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by H.M.S. ‘Challenger’ 
during the Years 1873-76.” The Zoology of the Voyage of 
H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ vol. iii. pt. 10, 167 pp., 21 pls. 
(1881 A) “Nouvelles études sur les Pycnogonides.” Arch. de Zool. 
expér. et génér. vol. ix. pp. 437-542, pls. xxiii.-xxx, 
LANKEESTER, FE. Ray. 
(1904) “ The Structure and Classification of the Arachnida.” Quart. 
Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. no. 190 (vol. xlviii. pt. 2), pp. 165- 
269. (Reprinted from tenth edition of ‘ Encyclopedia 
Britannica.) 
Lomay, J. J. C. 
(1904) “ Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Siid-Afrika. Ergeb- 
nisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894.— 
V. Pyenogoniden aus der Capcolonie und Natal.” Zool. 
Jahrb. Abth. f. System. vol. xx. pp. 875-886, pl. xiv. 


MEINERT, Fr. 
(1899) ‘‘ Pyenogonida.” The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, vol. iii. pt. 1, 
71 pp., 5 pls. (Copenhagen), 
MEISENHEIMER, JOHANNES. 
(1902) “ Beitrige zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Pantopoden.-— 
I. Die Entwicklung von Ammothea echinata Hodge bis zur 
Ausbildung der Larvenform.” Zeit. f. wiss. Zool. vol. lxxii. 
p: 191-248, pls. xiii.—xvii. 
(1902 A) “ Weber die Entwicklung der Pantopoden und ihre systemat- 
ische Stellung.” Verhandl. der deutschen zool. Gesell. 
1902, pp. 57-64. 
Sars, G. O. 
(1891) ‘ Pycnogonidea,” The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, 
1876-78, Zovlogy, vol. vi. 163 pp., 15 pls. 


LV.—Descriptions of new Species of Sphegide and Cero- 
palide from the Khasia Hills, Assam. By P. Cameron. 


(Continued from p. 229.] 


Ceropalidz. 


Ceropales pruinosa, sp. 0. 


Black, the scape of the antennz broadly below, palpi, a 
narrow interrupted line on the pronotum, the apical half of 


416 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


the antennal keel above, the inner orbits from the incision to 
the base of the mandibles, the outer orbits much more 
narrowly and the apex of the clypeus more broadly, especially 
on the sides, lemon-yellow. Legs black, thickly covered 
with a silvery pile, especially thick on the coxee, where it has 
a golden hue; the calcaria and a mark on the upper side of 
the base of the hind tibiz yellowish white ; claws rufous. 
Wings hyaline, the apex from the base of the radial cellule 
slightly but distinctly infuscated, the apical nervures 
fuscous; the apical abscissa of radius obliquely turned 
upwards ; the second cubital cellule at the top is twice the 
length of the third; both the recurrent nervures are received 
near the base of the apical third of the cellules ; the accessory 
nervure in hind wings interstitial. 9. 

Length 11 mm. 

Shining; the front and vertex sparsely covered with long 
hair ; the face and clypeus with depressed silvery pubescence. 
Below the ocelli is a longish furrow, deep in the middle, 
widest at the base. Antennal keel stout, obliquely narrowed 
at the base and apex. Mandibular teeth ferruginous. Pro- 
and mesothorax covered with depressed silvery pubescence ; 
the metanotum, especially at the apex, with long woolly 
hair. The scutellum and metanotum more distinctly punc- 
tured than the mesonotum. Abdomen covered with silky 
pubescence. 


The Khasia species of Pseudayenia may be grouped as 
follows :— 


A. Body for the greater part fulyous. 
a. Thorax fulvous. 


Wings yellow, the apex violaceous ...... languida. 
Wings fuscous hyaline or hyaline........ excellens, pulchrifrons, 
lyrata, nigritibus. 
b. Thorax for the greater part black ...... agitata. 


B. Body for the greater part black; the legs 

more or less red; the wings hyaline or 
more ‘or leas fUseOUss -\.)-\O ws nwisxistemie eels flavicollis, nigripalpis, 
arethusa, lacteipennis. 

C. Body black; the hind femora red; the wings 


hyaline, with a fuscous fascia .......... gnoma. 
D. Body black; the thorax red; the wings 
hyaline, with one or more fasci# ........ himalayensis and @ge- 
nia, Sm. 
E. Body black or purple; hind femora red .... prophetica, purpurea. 


Pseudagenia languida, sp. n. 


Ferruginous, the head, thorax, apical five joints of the 
antenne, and the basal three segments of the abdomen at 


Species of Ceropalidee from the Khasia Llills. 417 


the base black. Wirgs bright yellowish hyaline, the apex 
from shortly behind the second transverse cubital nervure 
fuscous-violaceous. Head and thorax densely covered with 
golden pubescence. 2°. 

Length 16 mm. 

Eyes slightly converging above. Apex of clypeus rounded 
in the middle, the sides roundly curved. Mandibular teeth 
black. Legs uniformly ferruginous, except the apices of the 
four basal tarsal joints and the apical one entirely. Second 
cubital cellule scarcely shorter than the third; the first 
recurrent nervure is received shortly, but distinctly, in front 
of the basal third, the second very shortly behind the middle 
of the cellule. 


Pseudagenia pulchrifrons, sp. uv. 


In Bingham’s key on p. 107 this species would fit imto 
“A, Wings yellowish, apex infuscated’’? and into a new 
section “c. Head, thorax, and abdomen ferruginous, the 
head thickly covered with bright golden pile.” 

Ferruginous, the mesosternum, the apical five antennal 
joints above and at the sides, the base of the first abdominal 
segment, base and apex of the second in the middle and the 
base of the third broadly, black. Wings hyaline, with a 
smoky fulvous tinge, the apical half slightly darker than the 
basal; the second cubital cellule shghtly but distinctly 
longer than the third; the first recurrent nervure received 
shortly beyond the middle, the second in the basal third, 
Legs fulvous; the fore coxe at the base behind, the middle 
broadly black behind, the posterior with a large mark at the 
base below, the base and apex of the second joint of the 
hind tarsi, the third joint above and the apical two entirely, 
black. 9. 

Length 14 mm. 

Mandibles rnfous, yellowish at the base, the tips black. 
Palpi rufous, paler at the base. Front thickly and the face 
and clypeus covered with golden pubescence and sparsely 
with long fuscous hair. Apical half of clypeus black ; the 
middle broadly depressed. Median segment with a gradually 
rounded slope to the apex; faintly transversely striated, 
thickly covered with long fuscous hair and with no longi- 
tudinal furrow. Pleure smooth and_ shiaing, sparsely 
covered with long fuscous hair. Apical segments of 
the abdomen covered with fulvous pubescence and sparsely 
with long blackish hair ; the abdomen is fully longer than 
the thorax. The sides and apex of the mesonotum are 
narrowly black. 


418 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


Comes near to P. deceptrix, Bing., which is different 
apparently from P. deceptor,Sm.,a Malay species. Smith’s 
species is certainly different from the one I have described 
above. 


Pseudagenia lyrata, sp. nu. 


Fulvous, the face, oral region, and inner orbits clear 
yellow; over the antenne is a black transverse mark, 
broader than long; the ocellar region black, and on the 
occiput is a large black mark, uniting the eyes above and 
obliquely narrowed on the lower side; a line on the meso- 
notum at the tegulz, a small mark on the pleurz immediately 
‘beneath them, a larger mark on the base of the mesopleure 
over the cox, the base of the mesosternum, a somewhat 
triangular mark on the base of the median segment, and the 
lower half of the base of the metapleure, black. Legs fulvous, 
the anterior pair with amore yellowish hue in front ; hinder 
tarsi black, the calearia dark fuscous. Abdomen with the 
second segment with a narrow, the third to sixth with broader 
transverse black bands. ¢@. 

Length 10 mm. 

The scape and basal joints of the flagellum fulvous, the 
middle joints black above, the apical entirely black. The 
mesonotum is of a darker tint than the pronotum and is 
minutely closely punctured. The median segment has an 
oblique, somewhat rounded slope and is closely transversely 
striated. The second cubital cellule, before and behind, is a 
little shorter than the third; the first recurrent nervure is 
received very shortly behind the middle, the second in tlie 
basal third of the cellule. 


Pseudagenia nigritibiis, sp. n. 


Fulvous ; the head below the antenne densely covered with 
bright golden pubescence, the mandibles and palpi pallid 
yellow; the keel along the sides of the mesonotum, a band 
at the base of the median segment, the meso- and meta- 
sternum, the base of the first abdominal segment, the base 
of the second narrowly, its apex more widely, and the greater 
part of the third, fourth, and fifth segments, above and 
beneath, black. Wings hyaline, iridescent, the stigma dark 
fuscous ; the second and third cubital cellules equal in length 
in front; the first recurrent nervure received near the 
basal third, the second nearer the base of the cellule. ¢. 

Length 10 mm. 

Mandibles and palpi pallid yellow, the vertex sparsely covered 


Species of Ceropalide from the Khasia Hills. 419 


with longish black hair; the hind ocelli separated from each 
other by a less distance than they are from the eyes, which 
hardly converge below. Metanotum strongly transversely 
striated and sparsely covered with longish fuscous hair. 

Closely related to P. lyrata, but may be separated from it 
by its larger size, black hind tibiz, black vertex and front, 
by the first recurrent nervure not being received in the 
middle of the cellule, and by the apex of the abdomen being 
more widely and distinctly black. 


Pseudagenia agitata, sp. n. 


Black ; the head and thorax densely covered with golden 
pubescence; the antennal scape reddish, the basal six joints 
of the flagellum brownish beneath; the clypeus, labrum, 
mandibles, and palpi yellow ; the prothorax pale yellow ; 
abdomen fulvous, the first segment black, the black mark 
becoming narrowed towards the apex, and the four apical 
segments broadly black. Legs rufo-fulvous; the fore cox 
pale yellow, the four posterior black at the base behind and 
covered with golden pile; the four hind trochanters black. 
Wings hyaline, the basal half with a faint fulvous tint; the 
apex with a narrow, faint, smoky cloud. ¢@. 

Length 12 mm. 

Apex of clypeus slightly incised ; the labrum slightly and 
broadly incised and fringed with golden hair. Mandibles 
covered with golden pile. Eyes slightly, but distinctly, con- 
verging below; the hind ocelli separated from the eyes by 
a distinctly greater distance than they are from each other. 
The second and third cubital cellules equal in length; the 
first recurrent nervure is received very shortly beyond, the 
second in, the basal third. The penultimate ventral segment 
is roundly incised in the middle; its apex at the sides bears 
a tooth which becomes gradually enlarged from the base to 
the apex, which is curved and hook-shaped at the top. 

Comes near to P. pulchrifrons, from which it may be 
known by the greater part of the flagellum being black; the 
ground-colour of the thorax is black; the base of the petiole 
and the apical segments of the abdomen black. 


Pseudagenia flavicollis, sp. n. 


Length 17 mm: 9. 

Comes best into Bingham’s section “ F. Wings hyaline, 
the apex fuscous,” but is very different from anything in- 
cluded in it; it agrees, apart from the wings, with group A. 

Thorax black, thickly covered with golden pubescence ; the 


420 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


prothorax (except a black line above the middle), an irregular 
crown-shaped mark in the middle of the mesonotum near 
the apex, the scutellum (except at the apex), postscutellum, 
a large triangular oblique mark under the hind wings, one, 
longer than broad, behind the spiracles, and a square mark 
in the centre of the apex of the metanotum, pallid yellow. 
Legs rufous ; the fore coxe pallid yellow, the four hinder 
black marked with yellow behind ; the fore trochanters black, 
pallid yellow in the middle, the four hinder black; the 
anterior femora, tibize, and tarsi pallid rufous; the base of 
the femora yellowish ; the hind femora rufous, black at 
the base; the four hinder tibiz and tarsi blackish; the 
middle tibize rufous, the hinder yellowish at the base; the 
calcaria yellowish; the tibial spines and claws rufous. The 
wings have a slight, but distinct, yellowish tint; the apex 
beyond the third transverse cubital nervure infuscated ; at 
the top the third cubital cellule is shorter than the second ; 
the first recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the 
niddle, the second at the apex of the basal third of the 
cellule. Abdomen black, covered with golden pile; on the 
second segment is a large pallid yellow mark, narrowed in 
the centre at the apex, its sides dilated, the middle at the 
apex triangularly incised. 

Head thickly covered with depressed golden pile, which 
hides the texture. Hind ocelli separated from each other by 
a less distance than they are from the eyes, which are 
parallel. Apex of clypeus transverse; the labrum black, 
thickly covered with fulvous hair. Mandibles yellow, thickly 
covered with golden pile; the teeth black. Palpi bare, 
fulvous. Antennal scape fulvous; the flagellum of a dulicr 
reddish-fulvous colour, black above. Scutellum sparsely 
covered with short hair; the postscutellum more thickly 
with longer pale fuscous hair. Median segment opaque, 
obscurely transversely striated. 


Pseudagenia nigripalpis, sp. 0. 
Length 10mm. 4. 
Belongs to Bingham’s section “ C. Wings clear hyaline,” 
and “ 6°. Abdomen black, posterior margins of the segments 
narrowly white,” which will now stand :— 


The middle femora red, the palpi white ................ albllabris. 
The middle femora black; the palpi black.............. negripalpis. 


Black ; the antennal scape below, the sides broadly, and 
the apex narrowly of the clypeus, labrum, the lower eye- 
orbits (broadly below, narrowly above), and the middle of the 


Species of Ceropalidex from the Khasta ITills. 421 


mandibles, yellowish white. Legs black ; the hinder femora 
(except at the base and apex) red; the four anterior coxe, 
the fore femora broadly and the middle at the apex, all in 
front, yellowish white and thickly covered with silvery pile. 
Wings hyaline, with a distinct steely tinge ; the stigma and 
nervures black; the second cubital cellule slightly shorter 
than the third before and behind; the first recurrent nervure 
received in the middle, the second near the basal third of the 
cellule. Abdomen black, the segments with a narrow band 
of yellow at the apex; the first also broadly on the sides 
behind and the last broadly on the sides white. @. 

Lower part of front, face, and clypeus thickly covered with 
silvery pubescence ; the vertex sparsely with longish black 
hair. Apex of clypeus transverse, the sides oblique. Median 
segment with a gradually rounded slope from the base to the 
apex, finely transversely striated ; the striz stronger towards 
the apex. Hypopygium broadly obliquely furrowed down 
the sides; the petiole becomes gradually distinctly widened 
towards the apex. 

P. arethusa, Cam.,is related to the present species ; it may 
be known from it by the four front legs being reddish, by 
the head being entirely black in front, by the less clear 
wings, testaceous palpi, and non-striated metanotum. 


Pseudagenia lacteipennis, sp. n. 


Length 8mm. @. 
In Bingham’s table, p. 108, this species would enter into 
“ 1). Wings clear hyaline, or hyaline with a yellowish tint, with 
one fuscous subapical fascia,” and “6. Median segment not 
furrowed down the middle,’ which will now be sub- 
divided :-— 
Wings hyaline, the fuscous cloud occupying the base 
of the radial cellule; abdomen black .......... levicula, Bing. 
Wings lacteous, not clear hyaline, the cloud occupying 
the base of the radial cellule ; the sides of the 
petiole and the base of the second segment 
Me VASE WHILE 6. 0,055: Grai.eso:03cim, a ohn ok picks fd Heels eur lacteipennis. 


Antennal scape black. Black; the sides of the first 
abdominal segment dark, the base and sides of the second 
and the apical segment pale, testaceous. Legs black; the 
apex of the fore femora helow, the anterior tibiz and tarsi, 
and the middle tibiz (except a broad band at the base and a 
yarrow one at the apex) rufo-testaceous; the hind femora 
broadly rufous below and the calcaria dark testaceous, 
Wings hyaline, with a milky tinge ; below the stigma, at the 


429 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


base of the radial cellule and in the second and third cubital 
cellules, is a pale brownish smoky cloud; the second and 
third cubital cellules in front are equal in length; behind, the 
second is distinctly shorter than the third. 

Vertex and front finely and closely punctured ; the face 
and clypeus thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Pro- 
notum finely and closely transversely striated. Mesonotum 
closely punctured; the scutellum more coarsely punctured. 
Meso- and metapleure granular, covered thickly with white 
hair. 

Pseudagenia purpurea, sp. i. 


Purple; the thorax mixed with blue and micaceous shades ; 
the coxee blue, the rest of the legs black, except the hinder 
femora, which are red, with the base and apex narrowly 
black. Wings hyaline, the apical nervures fuscous, the 
cubital cellules about equal in length; the first recurrent 
nervure received near the middle, the second at the apex of 
the basal third of the cellule. 2. 

Length 12 mm. 

Antenne brownish, the scape black. Head closely punc- 
tured; the face and clypeus thickly covered with silvery 
pubescence, the front and vertex sparsely with fuscous, 
Mandibles thickly covered with silvery pubescence, the tecth 
dark rufous, the palpi dark fuscous. Hind ocelli separated 
from the eyes by double the distance they are from each 
other. Pronotum strongly, but not deeply or closely, pune- 
tured ; the mesonotum much more closely punctured; on 
it, opposite the tegule, is a narrow shallow furrow; the 
scutellum is more closely and finely punctured and finely 
striated down the middle. Metanotum rather strongly and 
closely transversely striated, the striz stronger towards the 
apex; down the middle is a shallow, but distinct, furrow, 
Pleure closely, but not strongly, punctured; on the pro- 
pleurz, in the middle, is a wide shallow V-shaped furrow ; 
the metapleure below the fovea more finely and closely 
punctured than the rest. Abdomen pruinose, thickly so at 
the apex ; smooth and shining; the pygidium very smooth, 
shining, and glabrous. 


Pseudagenia prophetica, sp. un. 


Blue; the antenne, mandibles, palpi, and legs black ; the 
mandibles obscure rufous at the apex; the coxe with a 
distinct blue tint ; the hind femora red, black at the base 
and apex. Wings clear hyaline, the nervures and stigma 
black. @?. 


Species of Ceropalidee from the Khasia Hills. 423 


Length 10-11 mm. 

Antenne black, the scape covered with pale pubescence ; 
the third joint about one third longer than the fourth. Head 
closely punctured; below the antennz thickly covered with 
silvery pubescence; there is a shallow furrow on the lower 
part of the front. Eyes curved on the inner side, not con- 
verging. Pronotum bearing shallow punctures (except on 
the apex, which is depressed). Mesonotum with scutellum 
closely punctured. Median segment coarsely transversely 
striated ; the base with a shallow furrow in the middle. 
Mesopleure closely punctured ; the punctures on the lower 
part of the metapleure run into striations. The second 
cubital cellule in front is slightly, but distinctly, shorter 
than the third; the first recurrent is received in the middle, 
the second at the basal third of the cellule. Tegule deep 
black. 

Comes near to P. blanda; it may be known from that species 
by the head and thorax being closely and distinctly, rather 
strongly, punctured all over; the metanotum in particular is 
much more coarsely and irregularly transversely striated ; it is 
more pubescent and not so thickly covered with white pile ; 
the alar nervures and stigma are black. not piceous; and the 
propleure are more distinctly hollowed. 


Pseudagenia himalayensis, sp. u. 


Length8mm. <6. 

In Bingham’s table, p. 108, this species is to be included in 
‘*E. Wings clear hyaline, or hyaline with a yellow tinge, 
with two fuscous fasciz on the fore wings,” and “ b. Thorax 
red,” which will now be divided :-— 

Anterior margin of clypeus toothed in the middle; 

abdomen and legs entirely black ................ @gina. 
Anterior margin of clypeus not toothed; the base of the 

petiole and of the second abdominal segment 

testaceous; the four anterior tibiz# and the front 

TATU PRIS CESLACHIUS FLY. Society cles eve merece os ants himalayensis. 


Head black ; the face, cheeks, and clypeus thickly covered 
with silvery pubescence; the cheeks (the mark becoming 
wider towards the apex), the sides of the clypeus broadly and 
the sides of the apex, the middle of the mandibles, and the 
palpi, yellowish. Thorax rufous, the base and middle of the 
apex of mesosternum black; the pleure and breast thickly 
covered with silvery pubescence; the pro- and mesonotum 
closely punctured, somewhat opaque; the median segment 
opaque, its apex closely transversely striated, the base black 
and depressed in the middle. Legs black; the apex of fore 


424 Geological Society. 


femora, tibie and tarsi, and the middle tibiw (except at 
the apex) testaceous. Wings clear hyaline, the costa and 
nervures black; the stigma fuscous in the middle, a faint 
fuscous cloud occupies the basal three fourths and the whole 
of the second and third cubital cellules; the first recurrent 
nervure is received very shortly before the middle, the second 
in the basal fourth. Abdomen pruinose, the base and 
sides of the petiole rufo-, the base of the second segment 
yellowish, testaceous; the sides of the basal and the whole 
of the second ventral segments yellowish testaceous. 


[To be continued. } 


PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. 
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 


December 21st, 1904.—J. E. Marr, Se.D., F.R.S., 
President, in the Chair. 


The following communication was read :— 


‘On Certain Genera and Species of Lytoceratidee.’ 
By 8. 8. Buckman, F.G.S. 


This paper deals with certain specimens sent by Mr. Beeby 
Thompson from the Northampton Sands, one of which is remarkable 
for its homcwomorphy with Phylloceras. In order toclassify the series 
of Toarcian-Aalenian Lytoceratidee to which these species belong 
(jurense and allied groups), it is necessary to note that there is 
evidence of a definite sequence of phylogenetic stages. In orna- 
ment there is, at first, elaboration; but, later, simplification from a 
costate to a smooth stage. In whorl-shape there is a tendency to 
pass from the primitive evolute to the involute whorl, the umbilicus 
constantly contracting. Parallel with this there is a further 
tendency to pass from stout to more compressed whorls. While 
the Lytoceratide have a more primitive whorl-shape than the 
Phylloceratidze, their lobe-line is more advanced ; and hence, while 
the advance of the former produces a certain external homcomorphy 
with the latter, the more advanced lobe-line remains a feature of 
distinction. The successive stages of development may be indicated 
in terms of species, thus: (1) Germaini, (2) torulosum, (3) annulose 
species not yet named, (4) jurense, and (5) phylloceratoidan, Four 
new genera are described, and two new species ; three new names 
are proposed, and one generic name revised. 


Anim. & Mag. Nat. Hist .S.7. Vol. XV PLXV. 


/ of ‘ " 
pop wp q an dl 
J. Green lith. Mintern Bros. imp 


SKULL OF GONORHYNCHUS 


SOP 


THE ANNALS 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, 
[SEVENTH SERIES.] 


No. 89. MAY 1905. 


LVI.—Deseriptions of new Genera and Species of Syntomide, 
Arctiade, Agaristide, and Noctuids. By Sir Georae F. 
Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S. 


THE following genera and species form a third supplement to 
the first five volumes of the ‘Catalogue of Lepidoptera 
Phalenz in the British Museum ’—the first paper on the 
subject in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. viii. 
pp- 165-186 (1901), and the second in the same series, vol. xi, 
pp. 837-351 (1903),—and the numbers before the species 
indicate the position of the species in the classification 
adopted in those volumes. ‘The types are in the British 


Museum. 


Syntomide. (Vol. I.) 


Page 53. Genus SYMPHLEBOMIS, nov. 
Type, S. antipolo, Semp. Schmett. Phil. ii. p. 418, pl. lili. fig, 2 (1898). 


Proboscis fully developed; palpi porrect, not reaching 
beyond the frons; antennz of male ciliated. Fore wing of 
female with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 strongly stalked ; 
6 from well below upper angle; 7, 8, and 11 stalked; 9, 10 
absent: male with a fold below base of cell ; vein 1 sinuous, 
2 bent upwards near its base; the lower angle of cell bent up 
to upper angle, with the opening of a very large pouch above 
it. Hind wing with veins 3 and 5 from angle of cell, 4 
absent, 6, 7 coincident. 

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 29 


426 Sir G. F, Hampson on new 


Page 114. Genus NEERESSA, nov. 
Type, N. sagada, Semp. Schmett. Phil. ii. p. 423 (1898). 


Proboscis fully developed; palpi porrect, not reaching 
beyond the frons; antenne of female simple; hind tibize with 
the medial spurs absent. Fore wing long and narrow; veins 
3, 5 shortly stalked, 4 absent; 6 from well below upper 
angle; 7, 8, and 11 stalked; 9, 10 absent. Hind wing with 
vein 3 from angle of cell, 4 absent, 5 from well above angle ; 
6, 7 coincident. 


288 a. Metarctia hematricha, sp. n. 


d. Fuscous brown; head, thorax, and abdomen clothed 
chiefly with blood-red hair. Fore wing with some blood-red 
hair at base. Hind wing with the inner area tinged with 
blood-red. 

Hab. ABYSsINiA, Kutai Metha (Degen), 1 3 type. Lup. 
44 mm. 


298 a. Pseudapiconoma melena, sp. n. 


9. Head and thorax deep olive-brown; abdomen deep 
olive-brown, dorsally suffused with green except first two 
segments, the lateral tufts orange at tips. Fore wing deep 
olive-brown ; a triangular hyaline spot in end of cell; an 
oblique curved spot below base of vein 2, with a round spot 
below it and an elongate spot above inner margin, with its 
upper edge indented ; a wedge-shaped spot above vein 7, a 
small triangular spot above base of vein 6 and a quadrate 
spot above its middle, a large quadrate spot above vein 5, an 
elongate spot above 4, quadrate spot above 3, very large 
elongate patch above 2, and quadrate patch above 1. Hind 
wing deep olive-brown, the cell and inner area thinly scaled ; 
a small hyaline spot above vein 5 and small elongate spots 
from below 5 to before 2. 

Hab. UGANDA, Masaka (Christy), 1 2 type. Eup. 54mm. 


312 a. Sphecosoma metamela, sp. n. 


¢@. Head and thorax yellow ; antenne and vertex of head 
black ; tegule black at extremity; patagia edged with 
black ; thorax with dorsal black stripe; abdomen fulvous, 
with two fine black streaks on first segment, and the three 
terminal segments black. Fore wing yellowish hyaline, the 
costal half slightly clouded with fulvous, the veins blackish ; 


Genera and Species of Syntomide. 427 


fine fulvous streaks below costa and above inner margin. 
Hind wing yellowish hyaline, the veins blackish. 

Hab. Paraguay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 g type. Lup. 
24 mm. 


354a. Isanthrene fulvipuncta, sp. n. 
Isanthrene varia, Hmpsn. Cat. Lep. Phal. i. p. 176 (part.). 


Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown; antenne ful- 
vous, the shaft ringed with black and the branches partly 
black ; frons, vertex of head, and tegule with silvery-blue 
patches ; patagia with obscure fulvous streaks; fore cox 
with blue patches, hind cox with orange spots, the base of 
femora with streak above tarsi and extremity of hind tibiz 
orange ; abdomen with two orange dorsal points on first 
segment, followed by paired fulvous spots on the next two 
segments, subdorsal white points and yellow lateral spots on 
second segment, the other segments with leaden subdorsal 
fasciz with blue spots on them, the ventral surface with 
white band at base, followed by sublateral white spots on 
next segment and blue spots on third segment. [ore wing 
hyaline, the costal half tinged with yellow ; the veins brown 
and fulvous; two silvery-blue points at base; a fulvous 
streak, subcostal towards base, then becoming costal; the 
inner area dark, with fulvous streaks above and below vein 1 
on basal half; a terminal dark band with slightly irregular 
inner edge, expanding somewhat towards apex and angled 
inwards at vein 2. Hind wing hyaline, the veins dark, a 
narrow terminal band slightly incurved at veins 2 and 1; the 
underside with the cell and costal area except costal edge 
fulvous. 

Hab. PANAMA, Chiriqui (Champion), 1 ¢ type, Godman- 
Salvin Coll, Zap. 42 mm. 


Page 179. For Bombiliodes read Avrocutoris, Hiibn. 
Verz. p. 125 (1827), which has preceden@e. ‘Type almon, 
which will come next enagrus. 


386. Gymnelia pitthea.—Dr. Staudinger has from tio 
different collectors received specimens taken cn copulé with 
940. Pseudosphenoptera basalis, and it seems probable that 
it is the male of that species, in which case pitthea and cocho 
should be removed to Pseudosphenoptera ; the hind wing is 
so minute in the male that the neuration is not quite certain, 
and the specimens of basalts are all females, 


JQ* 


428 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


429 a. Loxophlebia cinctata, sp. n. 


9. Head black ; palpi in front, basal joint of antenne in 
front, and gule yellow; frons white; thorax yellow, the 
patagia black except upper edge, a broad dorsal black stripe ; 
abdomen yellow, a dorsal black stripe, the second and third 
segments with dorsal black bands, the three terminal seg- 
ments blue-black. Fore wing hyaline, the veins and margins 
black ; the base yellow, a yellow streak below costa to well 
beyond middle; veins 6, 5, 4 yellow from cell to the terminal 
black band, which expands widely on apical area and slightly 
below vein 2; a black discoidal bar. Hind wing hyaline, 
the base yellow ; the cell with black spot in extremity ; the 
veins yellow from cell to the terminal black band, which 
expands on apical area and on inner margin to near base. 

Hab. VENEZUELA, Caura Valley (Klages), 2 2 type. 
Exp. 28 mm. 


599. Saurita attenuata, n. n., 
tenuis being preoccupied, v. no. 613. 


637 a. Eurota xanthosoma, sp. n. 


¢. Head and thorax black-brown, the vertex of head, 
tegule, shoulders, and patches on fore cox and pectus 
orange-yellow; abdomen orange, the anal tuft black below. 
Fore wing black, the basal area orange-yellow; a semi- 
hyaline white patch in terminal half of cell and a quadrate 
patch below it; an irregular postmedial series of semihyaline 
spots between veins 7 and 2, those above veins 4, 3 extending 
to near termen, and the one above vein 2 minute. Hind 
wing black, the base irregularly orange ; a semihyaline white 
patch beyond the cell between veins 7 and 2. 

Hab. ARGENTINA, Gran Chaco, near Florenzia (S. &. 
Wagner), 1 3 type. Hap. 80 mm. 


Page 326. For Mydropasiea read Puato, Neum. Can. 
Ent. 1894, p. 855—type longipennis,—which has precedence. 


768 a. Aithria aner, sp. n. 
ZEthria carnicauda, Hmpsn. Cat. Lep. Phal. i. p. 349 (¢), nec Butl. 
d@. Head, thorax, and abdomen black; palpi in front, 
sides of frons, basal joint of antenne below, and patches on 


shoulders and fore and hind coxe white; abdomen with 
dorsal series of brilliant blue bands, the anal tuft crimson ; 


Genera and Species of Syntomidee. 429 


the ventral surface of first three segments white, followed by 
slight sublateral spots and a spot at base of anal tuft. Fore 
wing hyaline, the veins and margins black, the base metallic 
blue; the basal area black, with irregular oblique outer edge ; 
a black discoidal bar ; the terminal black band slightly ex- 
panding below vein 2. Hind wing hyaline, the veins black ; 
the apical area black, broadly at costa, narrowing to a point 
at vein 1. 

Hab. VENEZUELA, Caura Valley. (Klages), 2 ¢ type. 
Exp. 80 mm. 


Page 361. Gundlachia being preoccupied (Pfeiff. Moll. 
1849), Burra will stand. 


Page 363. Desmidocnemis rename HYALOMIS, n. n., the 
former being a synonym of HEREA and Prittwitz’=xantho- 
gaster. 


847 a. Teucer hypopheea, sp. n. 


¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen black ; back of head with 
two yellow spots ; patagia and prothorax with slight greyish 
streaks; metathorax with greyish patch; pectus and fore 
cox with whitish patches; abdomen with the anal tuft 
white at extremity, the ventral surface whitish at base. 
Fore wing black, suffused in parts with grey, especially on 
terminal area; discocellulars grey ; a quadrate hyaline patch 
in end of cell, an elongate patch below the cell, a slight 
streak above base of vein 2, and four patches beyond the 
cell between veins 7 and 8. Hind wing black, with hyaline 
patches in and below cell; the underside with white patches 
in and below cell, the fold on inner area white, the rough 
hair on terminal area greyish. 

Hab. VENEZUELA, Caura Valley (Klages), 1 3 type. 
Exp. 26 mm. 


906. Napata euchloa, n. n. for the Jamaican species, 
LV. chalybea from Cuba being distinct. 


Page 413. For Patreliura read TRICHROMIA, Hiibn. Verz. 
p- 164 (1827)—type capys,—which has precedence. 


948 a. Ixylasia semivitreata, n. n. 
Autochloris almon, Hmpsn, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. i. p. 432 (nec Cram.). 


Hab. Brazit, Rio Janeiro (Fry), 1 ¢ type, Blumenau, 
he 


430 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


Page 432. Delete Autochloris, Hiibn. The genus will 


stand as Schastura, Butl. 


1001 a. Trichodesma albicincta, sp. n. 


3. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown; palpi in 
front and frons yellowish white ; tegule in front and shoulders 
yellow ; patagia with slight yellowish streaks; pectus and 
legs mostly white ; abdomen with fine white segmental rings, 
the ventral surface white, except anal segment. Fore wing 
black-brown ; the costa, veins, and submedian fold with fine 
pale streaks on basal half ; an oblique yellow band across end 
of cell from below costa to vein 2. Hind wing black-brown, 
with some yellow suffusion in and below cell ; a rather oblique 
yellow patch beyond the cell. Underside with slight white 
suffusion at base of both wings. 

Hab. VENEZUELA, Caura Valley (Klages), 1 g type. 
Exp. 30 mm. 


Page 474. Insert AZATREPHES, n. n., for Zatrephes, 
Hmpsn. (nec Hiibn.). 


1050. AZATREPHES paradisea, insert Halisidota DISCALIS, 
Wik. vii. 1706 (1856), which has precedence. 


1051. Zatrephes nitida is an Arctid near Premolis. 


Page 478. For Neacerea read DELPHYRE, WIk. ii. 537 
(1854)—type hebes; and insert Nodoza, Schaus, J. N.Y. Ent. 
Soc. iv. p. 150 (1896)—type tristis. 

Delphyre hebes, Wik. ii. 537 (1854), = Nodoza tristis, 
Schaus, J. N.Y. Ent. Soe. iv. p. 150 (1896). 


1074. Rename Sucereon metoidesis, n. n., and delete 
E. cinctum, Schaus. 


1086. Hucereon BALIUM. ‘Transfer to HELIURA after 
zonata. 


1087 a. Eucereon dorsipuncta, sp. n. 


Head and thorax grey; palpi blackish; frons, vertex 
of head, and tegule with black spots, back of head with pair 
of yellow spots; patagia slightly streaked with black ; legs 
fuscous and white, the coxe tinged with crimson ; abdomen 


Genera and Species of Syntomide. 431 


crimson, with dorsal series of small black spots and the anal 
segment black, lateral black stripes, and the ventral surface 
yellowish white. Fore wing white, the veins, costal and 
Inner areas tinged with pale brown; subbasal black spots 
below costa and cell, the latter followed by a black streak 
above vein 1; antemedial black spots on costa, below cell, 
above and below vein 1, the spot above vein 1 displaced 
outwards ; a spot in middle of cell with pale centre or divided 
by a pale streak ; a spot on costa above end of cell and two 
beyond the cell, an oblique series from vein 5 to inner 
margin, the spots above and below vein 4 wedge-shaped ; a 
postmedial series of irregular spots, wedge-shaped below costa 
and streak-like above inner margin ; a subterminal series of 
spots and terminal series of points. Hind wing white, the 
terminal area fuscous, broad at costa, narrowing to a point 
near tornus. 

Hab. VENEZUELA, Caura Valley (Klages), 1 $,1 2; 
PARAGUAY, Sapucay (Foster), 3 9 type. Exp. 34 mm. 


1119. Eucereon ochrota, n. n. for the Jamaican species, 
E. guacolda from Cuba being distinct. 


1157. Ctenucha nantana. 


Ammalo nantana, W1k. xxxi. 282 (1864); Butl. Ill. Het. B. M. i. p. 54, 
pl. xix. fig. 2. 
Ctenucha rubicunda, Dognin, Le Nat. 1905, p. 10. 


Hab. Brazit, Amazons, Nauta ; Perv. 


1180 a. Hyaleucerea pheosoma, sp. n. 


do. Head and thorax olive-brown, tinged with fuscous ; 
neck with crimson ring ; palpi yellowish white at base ; coxe 
whitish, femora with whitish stripes, tarsi with pale rings ; 
abdomen fuscous, with a bluish tinge, the ventral surface 
white. Fore wing black-brown, the veins streaked with 
olive ; ill-defined olive streaks from base below costa and 
cell and a spot on costa before middle; a hyaline patch 
towards end of cell, divided by a dark streak in discal fold ; 
hyaline patches below the cell before vein 2 and above its 
base; hyaline spots beyond the cell above and below vein 6 
and further from base above and below vein 4; a waved 
olive subterminal line bent outwards to near tornus between 
veins 6 and 5; aslight apical spot. Hind wing hyaline; the 
veins black ; the terminal area broadly blue-black, the hyaline 


432 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


extending to near termen between veins 5 and 2; cilia whitish 
at tips. 


Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 g type. Hap. 
30 mm, 


Arctiade. 
Noumz. (Vol. II.) 


74a. Nola bicincta, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax white; palpi yellow-brown; pectus, 
legs, and abdomen fuscous. Fore wing white; the costa with 
irregular yellow-brown and fuscous fascia ; an oblique yellow 
and black antemedial band, with a tuft of black scales on its 
outer edge in cell; a postmedial nearly erect yellow and 
black band, expanding to costa, and with its outer edge in- 
dented above vein 2; some fuscous on termen towards apex. 
Hind wing pale fuscous. 

Hab. Care Cotony, Deelfontein (Col. Sloggett), 1 3 type. 
Exp. 18 mm. 


157 a. Zia hemipheea, sp. n. 


9. Head red-brown, with the vertex white and a white 
bar across frons ; tegule red-brown and grey, white at sides ; 
thorax white; abdomen grey and white. Fore wing with 
the basal area white to one third of costa and half of inner 
margin, and with some grey striez on costa; the terminal 
area silvery grey, with some red-brown on medial part of 
costal and terminal areas, and a white patch with some grey 
spots on it from apex to middle of postmedial line; the white 
area bounded by a rufous line, slightly angled outwards in 
submedian fold ; the postmedial line represented by some 
small dentate black marks between veins 7 and 23 sub- 
terminal line waved, white, interrupted, with some small 
patches of black seales before it at middle; a series of silvery 
striz just before termen. Hind wing pale fuscous. 

Hab. Java, Arjuno, 3000 feet (Doherty),1 2 type. Exp. 
20 mm. 


Genus EURYNOLA, nov. 
Type, E. mesoleuca, Lower, Tr. R. Soc. S. Austr. 1908, p. 39. 


Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely upturned, 
rather thickly scaled ; antennze of male bipectinate, the apical 
third simple. Fore wing with veins 3 and 5 from near 


Genera and Species of Arctiade, 433 


angle of cell; 6,7 from cell; 8,9, 10 stalked; 11 curved. 
Hind wing with veins 3, 4 stalked; 5 from just below 
middle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 shortly stalked. 


LirHostane. 
229 6. Phryganopsis unipuncta, sp. n. 


Antenne of male bipectinate, of female minutely serrate. 

Head and thorax brownish ochreous ; fore and mid legs 
suffused with fuscous; abdomen yellowish white. Fore wing 
ochreous, suffused with brownish ; a small round black dis- 
coidal spot. Hind wing yellowish white. 

Hab. AtgertA, Hammam-es-Salahin (Walsingham),2 3, 
4 2,type. Hap. 20 mm. 


248 a. Pheosia orientalis, sp. n. 


g. Fore wing with the cell very narrow, with a fold in it 
and fringe of scales on upperside; the inner margin strongly 
lobed before middle. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow, the last greyish 
towards base. Fore wing orange-yellow, the area below the 
cell flesh-coloured; a small rather elongate blackish patch 
above end of cell. Hind wing orange yellow, the terminal 
area paler. 

Hab. Borneo, Kuching (Shelford), 1 g type. LHzp. 
26 mm. 


342 a. Ilema fuscifrons, sp. n. 


3. Head, tegule, and shoulders orange-yellow ; palpi, 
frons, and antenne fuscous; thorax grey; pectus and legs 
yellow, the fore legs and mid tibiz in front grey ; abdomen 
yellow. Fore wing grey, the costa narrowly fulvous yellow, 
the costal edge black towards base; cilia yellowish. Hind 
wing yellow. Underside of fore wing as on upperside, but 
the basal and inner areas yellower. 

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Aroa R. (Meek), 1 g$ type. Lup. 


32 mm, : 


Page 219. Genus PARASHADA, nov. 


Proboscis fully developed; palpi porrect, not reaching 
beyond the rounded frontal prominence, which has a small 
corneous plate below it; antennee of male with cilia and 
bristles ; tibie with the spurs moderate. Fore wing of male 
with large costal fold on underside fringed with hair; the 


434 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


neuration extremely distorted; vein 2 from middle of cell, 
after vein 3 the median nervure is curved upwards and back- 
wards to the lower edge of the very large areole before its 
extremity, from which arise veins 4, 5; 6 from areole ; 7, 8, 
9 stalked, 7 from beyond 9; 10,11 from areole. Hind wing 
broad, the costal area highly arched; the cell very narrow ; 
vein 2 from before middle; 3, 4 shortly stalked ; 5 absent ; 
6, 7 coincident ; 8 much curved. 


457 a. Parashada truncata, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax orange-yellow ; abdomen fuscous 
brown, the ventral surface orange-yellow. Fore wing dull 
reddish brown. Hind wing with the costal half pale yellow, 
the inner half dull brown. 


Lab. SuLtA Moneout (Doherty), 1 g type. Lup, 24mm. 


521 a. Cisthene triplaga, sp. n. 


Black; tegule orange; abdomen with subdorsal orange 
patches on second segment and lateral and ventral stripes, 
except on terminal segment. Fore wing with rather broad 
orange fascia on median nervure, expanding somewhat at 
lower angle of cell, and with its lower edge somewhat 
diffused ; a curved subterminal series of three spots. Hind 
wing with broad orange fascia in and below cell from base to 
well beyond cell. 

Hab. Paraauay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 g, 1 2 type. 
Exp. 30 mm. 


Page 258. For Stictane read Manopa, W1k. Journ. Linn. 
Soc., Zool. vii. p. 62 (1863)—type zmplens. 


542. Manoba implens. 


Manoba implens, Wik. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. p. 62 (1868) ; 
Hmpsn. Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. ii. p. 46, pl. xix. fig. 22. 
Stictane junctilinea, Hmpsn. A. M. N. H. (7) viii. p. 183 (1901). 


696. Eurosia accepta. 


The male has simply ciliated antenne. 
E. acanthocera, u. u., for the species from Sangir with 
the tooth and sinus to antennz. 


Genera and Species of Arctiade. 435 


Page 339. Genus CHRYSOCYMA, nov. 
Type, C. mesopotamia. 


Proboscis absent; palpi extending to just beyond frons 
and clothed with long hair; antennz of male with very long 
rather widely separated branches ; hind tibizee with one pair 
of spurs and fringed with long hair on outer side. Fore 
wing short and broad, the apex rounded; veins 3 and 5 from 
near angle of cell; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 10 stalked ; 
9 absent; 10 from near apex, 11 from cell. Hind wing with 
veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 from well above angle; 6, 7 
stalked; 8 from towards end of cell. 


714a. Chrysocyma mesopotamia, sp. n. 


Deep orange ; antenne with the branches blackish. Fore 
wing with two subbasal, two antemedial, and two postmedial 
pale waved lines ; a small blackish discoidal spot. 

Hab. ZANZIBAR, 1 g ; Br. C. Arrica, Chinde (De Jersey), 
1 g; MASHONALAND, Salisbury (Dodbie), 3 g type. Lap. 
24 mm. 


751 a. Prepiella procridia, sp. u. 


3S. Head and thorax fuscous, shot with metallic green ; 
abdomen fuscous, the tufts on third segment fulvous, the 
ventral surface shot with metallic green. Fore wing fuscous, 
the costal half and termen suffused with golden metallic 
green. Hind wing fuscous brown, the hair on tornal lobe 
tulvous. 

Hab. Paraguay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 ¢ type. Lup. 
20 mm. 


754 a. Prepiella radicans, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax yellow; antenne black except at 
base ; fore and mid tibie with black bands; abdomen yellow, 
slightly tinged with crimson. Fore wing bright yellow, 
with slight crimson streaks in discal and submedian folds ; 
the terminal area tinged with crimson; a black spot at base 
of costa, followed by a black streak below costa ; short black 
streaks on the veins before the antemedial line, which is 
oblique from costa to submedian fold, then incurved ; post- 
medial line irregular, oblique from costa to subterminal line 
at vein 4, and emitting short streaks on the veins, then finer, 
retracted along vein 3 to below end of cell near antemedial 
line, and giving off a fine streak on vein 2, then excurved 


436 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


below submedian fold; a curved subterminal line; cilia 
fuscous. Hind wing yellow, tinged with crimson. 

Hab. Br. Gurana, Bartica (W. J. Kaye), 1 8 type. 
Exp. 16 mm. 


769 a. Illice triplaga, sp. n. 


3. Head yellow, the third joint of palpi, frons, and an- 
tenn (except basal joint) black; tegule and patagia yellow, 
thorax fuscous; pectus yellow; legs fuscous and yellow ; 
abdomen crimson. Fore wing fuscous; a yellow patch on 
basal half of inner margin; a postmedial conical patch from 
costa to discal fold and another from vein 2 to inner margin, 
becoming crimson at margin. Hind wing crimson, with 
fuscous terminal band from apex, narrowing to a point at 
vein 2. Underside of fore wing with the patches crimson 
and confluent. 

Hab. ParaGuay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 gf type. zp. 
20 mm. 


777 b. Lilice roseiceps, sp. n. 


3. Head, tegule, and patagia crimson ; frons, antenna, 
and thorax fuscous; legs crimson and fuscous; abdomen 
crimson. Fore wing greyish fuscous; a yellow fascia on: 
inner margin from base to a postmedial triangular patch 
extending to above vein 2; a postmedial wedge-shaped patch 
from costa to lower angle of cell. Hind wing crimson, 
becoming yellow near the terminal fuscous band, which is 
wide at costa, narrowing to a point at tornus. Underside of 
fore wing with the postmedial patches confluent. 

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 g type. Lup. 
24 mm. 


778 a. Illice rhodocraspis, sp. u. 


3. Head and thorax grey-brown ; palpi (except at tips), 
tegule, pectus, femora, and whole of hind legs crimson ; 
abdomen crimson. Fore wing grey-brown, the costal edge 
crimson. Hind wing crimson, with rather narrow terminal 
fuscous band, expanding towards apex and narrowing to a 
point at tornus. 

Hab. ARGENTINA, Sta. Fé, Ocampo (Wagner), 1 g type. 
Exp. 16 mm. 


829 a. Cincia nephelistis, sp. n. 


Antenne of male bipectinate, with moderate branches ; 
hind wing with veins 6, 7 from cell. Head and thorax pale 


Genera and Species of Arctiade. 437 


pinkish mixed with black ; palpi black; vertex of head and 
metathorax with black patches; antenne yellowish white, 
with the basal joint black in front ; abdomen pink, suffused 
with fuscous, the base whitish. Fore wing pale pink, thickly 
irrorated and in places suffused with black ; the veins black ; 
the costal area pinker. Hind wing of male white, the costal 
and apical areas suffused with fuscous, of female wholly 
suffused with fuscous. 

Hab. Cus, Santiago, 1 2 ; Mutijas, 1 g (Schaus) type. 

Exp., $ 24, 2 26 mm. 


Page 414. Genus MICROHYLE, nov. 
Type, M. fadella, Mab. Le Nat. ii. p. 100 (1882). 


Proboscis moderate; palpi upturned, hardly reaching 
vertex of head, the third joint acuminate; antennz of male 
bipectinate, with very long branches; tibie with the spurs 
long. Fore wing with vein 2 from middle of cell, 3 from 
before angle, 5 from above angle, 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 
10 stalked from before angle; 9 absent; 11 free. Hind wing 
with vein 2 from middle of cell; 3, 4 coincident; 5 from 
well above angle; 6, 7 on a long stalk; 8 from middle of 
cell. 


Page 421. Genus OPSAROA, nov. 
Type, O. fulvinota. 


Proboscis absent ; palpi porrect, not reaching beyond frons, 
and clothed with long hair; frons with long hair; antennz 
of male with very long branches, ending in two bristles and 
decreasing rather suddenly to apex; fore tibie with long 
process arising from base ; hind tibize with one pair of spurs ; 
-abdomen clothed with long hair. Fore wing with vein 3 from 
long before angle of cell; 5 from aboveangle; 6, 7, 8 stalked ; 
9 absent; 10, 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from 
angle of cell; 5 from well above angle ; 6, 7 coincident; 8 
from close to end of cell. 


891 a. Opsaroa fulvinota, sp. n. 


g. Head and thorax clothed with greyish-brown hair ; 
patagia with some fulvous hair at extremity; abdomen 
clothed with orange hair, greyish at base. Fore wing sparsely 
clothed with red-brown hair; an elongate fulvous-yellow 
mark in and beyond end of cell, with a prominent black 
discoidal spot on it; an elongate fulvous-yellow patch in 
submedian interspace from below origin of vein 2 to near 


438 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


termen. Hind wing fulvous orange, the costa, termen, and 
cilia (except towards tornus) reddish brown. 
Hab. Care Corony, Triangle, 2 ¢ type. Hwp. 22-24 mm. 


915a. Asura chrysomela, sp. n. 


gd. Fore wing with the costa highly arched just beyond 
middle, the upper angle of cell much produced. 

Black; head, greater part of tegule, shoulders, front of 
pectus, fore legs (except part of tibia), extremity of mid and 
hind femora, hind cox, and anal tuft orange. Fore wing 
with broad orange medial band from subcostal nervure to 
inner margin, its inner side extending to costa and sinuous, 
its outer angled outwards at vein 4. Hind wing with orange 
medial patch on costal area. 

9. Fore wing with the orange band very broad from 
costa to inner margin, its outer edge angled at veins 6 and 4. 
Hind wing with very broad orange-yellow band from medial 
part of costa to tornus. 

Hab. Soromon Is., Choiseul (Meek), 1 g, 1 2 type. 
Ezp., $ 30, 2 36 mm. 


928 a. Asura hemachroa, sp. n. 


¢@. Head, thorax, and abdomen crimson ; vertex of head, 
tegule, patagia, metathorax, and extremity of fore tibize with 
fuscous points. Fore wing crimson; three black points at 
base, followed by a slight streak in submedian fold ; the lines 
rather broad, fuscous slightly defined on each side by 
ochreous ; the antemedial line acutely angled outwards in cell, 
then oblique and sinuous; the medial line strongly angled 
outwards on median nervure, then incurved; the postmedial 
line very oblique from costa to vein 4, where it is angled 
outwards, then strongly angled inwards in submedian fold ; 
a subterminal series of fuscous spots on an ochreous ground, 
slightly angled outwards at veins 6 and 4. Hind wing paler 
crimson. 

Hab. Sotomon Is., Bougainville (Meek), 2 g type. Exp. 
18 mm. 


929 a. Asura metascota, sp. n. 


Head and thorax orange-scarlet, with slight fuscous spots 
on vertex of head, tegule, patagia, thorax, and extremity of 
tibiz and tarsi; abdomen fuscous, with the extremity scarlet. 
Fore wing scarlet, with three black points at base and fuscous 


Genera and Species of Arctiade. 439 


subbasal patches below costa and cell; an incomplete ante- 
medial line, angled strongly outwards in cell, then oblique 
and slightly angled inwards in submedian fold, more or less 
connected by fuscous suffusion with the similar somewhat 
waved and diffused medial line ; postmedial line oblique from 
costa to vein 3, then inwardly oblique and angled inwards in 
submedian fold, and more or less connected by fuscous streaks 
with the diffused subterminal line, which is angled outwards 
on veins 6 and 4 and inwards in submedian fold; cilia 
fuscous. Hind wing uniform fuscous; the underside with 
some red suffusion on basal half of costal area. 

Ab, 1.—Fore wing suffused with fuscous, leaving some red 
at base, some ante- and postmedial points, three medial spots, 
and some irregular terminal marks.—Bouygainville. 

Hab. Soromon Is., Choiseul [. (Meek), 1 3, 1 2 type; 
Bougainville (Meek), 1 g. Ezp., g 30, 2 36mm. 


1064.a. Hutane nivea, sp. n. 


@. Frons orange; vertex of head and thorax pure white; 
legs tinged with fulvous; abdomen white, tinged with yellow 
towards extremity. Fore wing pure white, the costa nar- 
rowly orange; a black point on discocellulars; the termen 
and cilia orange, with a series of black strie before the 
former, expanding into a spot at vein 2, and a series of black 
and silver striz at base of latter. Hind wing white, the cilia 
tinged with yellow. Underside of fore wing with the costal 
area tinged with yellow, the disk with fuscous. 

Hab. Puto Laut (Doherty), 1 @ type. Exp. 20 mm. 


Page 538. Genus MELASTROTA, nov. 

Type, M. nigrisquamata, Swinh. A. M. N. H. (7) vii. p. 467 (1901). 

Proboscis fully developed; palpi porrect to just beyond 
frons ; antenne of male ciliated ; hind tibize with the spurs 
long. Fore wing rather short and broad; vein 2 from 
towards angle of cell oblique, 3 from before angle, 5 absent, 
6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8 and 9, 10 stalked, 11 anasto- 
mosing with 12; male with the subcostal area to end of cell 
and upper part of cell clothed with black scales on under- 
side. Hind wing with vein 2 from before middle of cell; 


3, 5 absent; 6, 7 stalked; 8 from middle of cell. 


Arcrianz. (Vol. III.) 


12144. Aphyle cuneata, sp. n. 
g. Antenne serrate, the apical third simple; hind wing 


440 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


with veins 3, 5 from cell. Head and thorax white, tinged in 
parts with buff; palpi black behind; tegule with blackish 
line near base, incomplete at middle, a brown medial line and 
blackish line at tips; patagia with two blackish bars ; meso- 
and metathorax with paired fuscous spots; abdomen vermilion, 
the anal tuft and ventral surface white. Fore wing white, 
the base, costal and terminal areas tinged with buff; the 
veins buff, with dark streaks on veins 4, 5,6; some vermilion 
on basal inner area; a blue-grey band at base from costa to 
vein 1; an oblique subbasal band from below costa to vein 1, 
followed by a black point in cell and brown line from cell to 
vein 1, then a black bar from cell to vein 1; a black streak 
on middle of inner margin, narrowing towards base; a black 
point in middle of cell and short black streaks above and 
below base of vein 2; a black discoidal bar; a subterminal 
series of small black spots, excurved from below costa to 
termen below vein 4, and the spots above veins 4 and 5 
connected with termen by short streaks, the series then in- 
curved and represented by an oblique striga above vein 3, 
a spot above vein 2, one nearer termen below vein 2, and 
two conjoined spots at tornus. Hind wing hyaline white, 
the inner area suffused with vermilion, the cilia yellowish. 
Hab. Br. Guiana, Potaro R. (Loberts), 1 g type. Lap. 


36 mm. 


Page 27. Genus ZATREPHES. 
Zatrephes, Hiibn. Verz. p. 171 (1827). Type, nitida. 


Proboscis well developed ; palpi upturned to near vertex of 
head and rather thickly scaled; antenne of male bipectinate 
with moderate branches, of female with shorter branches ; 
tibiz fringed with hair, the tarsal joints with slight tufts of 
hair. Fore wing with veins 3,4 from angle of cell, or 3 
from just before angle ; 5 from above angle; 6 from upper 
angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 7 from beyond 10; 11 from cell: 
Hind wing with vein 2 from towards angle of cell; 3,5 
from angle; 4 coincident with 5 or abnormally given off just 
before termen; 6, 7 coincident or forking near termen; 8 
arising free, then anastomosing with cell. 


Sect. I.—Fore wing with the termen evenly curved. 


1227 a. Zatrephes nitida, Stoll. 


1227 b. Zatrephes dithyris, sp. n. 
3. Head and thorax pale flesh-brown, irrorated with crimson ; 


Genera and Species of Arctiade. 441 


abdomen crimson, with whitish dorsal streak on basal 
segments and slight segmental lines on terminal, the ventral 
surface whitish. Fore wing flesh-colour, irrorated with 
crimson; a nearly straight, erect, pale brown antemedial 
line ; a broad medial band and black discoidal point ; traces 
of a fine irregular postmedial line with hyaline points on it 
above and below vein 4; an indistinct subterminal line, in- 
curved and diffused below vein 5. Hind wing crimson, the 
costa and cilia pale yellow. Underside yellowish white, with 
slight crimson irroration and suffusion ; hind wing with veins 
6, 7 forking before termen. 

Hab. CAYENNE, St. Jean Maroni (Schaus), 1 3 type. 
Exp. 34 mm. 


Sect, II.—Fore wing with the termen produced to an angle at 
vein 5, then excised in male. 


1227 c. Zatrephes flavida, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax yellowish white, the head, meta- 
thorax, and fore tibiz irrorated with crimson ; mid and hind 
tibie and tarsi with brown spots ; abdomen pale yellow, with 
slight crimson irroration towards extremity, the ventral 
surface white. Fore wing very pale greenish yellow; costal 
edge crimson; some faint striz on terminal area; a pale 
greenish antemedial line, slightly excurved below costa, then 
oblique ; a similar postmedial line, incurved below vein 4, 
with a bifid, crimson-edged, hyaline spot beyond it between 
veins 5 and 3; a similar minute spot sometimes present 
above middle of vein 6; cilia irrorated with crimson and 
tipped with pure white below the angle. Hind wing ochreous 
yellow, the termen and cilia brown; the underside white, the 
inner area tinged with yellow. 

Hab. CAYENNE, St. Jean Maroni (Schaus), 1 ¢g type. 
Eap. 34 mm, 


1227 d. Zatrephes trilineata, sp. n. 


3d. Head and thorax brownish ochreous, slightly irrorated 
with crimson ; metathorax with brown crest; pectus and legs 
white ; fore tibie brown, irrorated with crimson ; abdomen 
brownish ochreous, slightly irrorated with crimson towards 
extremity, the ventral surface white. Fore wing ochreous, 
irrorated with crimson, the terminal area striated with greenish 
brown; a slight greenish subbasal line; three prominent 
oblique greenish lines on medial area; two hyaline bidentate 
postmedial spots between veins 5 and 3, with some blackish 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 30 


442 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


on their outer side and slight greenish line from them to 
inner margin, a pair of points above 5 and a small spot 
above 6 with point above it; cilia intersected with white 
towards apex and white-tipped below the angle. Hind wing 
pale yellow, the medial terminal area tinged with crimson, 
the cilia brownish ; the underside white, with the inner area 
tinged with yellow. 

9. Fore wing with the termen not excised below the 
angle, more thickly irrorated with crimson, the outer of the 
three lines slightly excurved below costa and vein 5; the 
hyaline spots reduced to those above veins 6 and 4. 

Hind wing with veins 6, 7 forking just before termen ; 
female with veins 4, 5 forking just before termen on left side 
only. 

Hab, CAYENNE, St. Jean Maroni (Schaus), 1 g type; 
Surinam R., Geldersland, type @ in Coll. Schaus. Lzp., 
o 34, 2? 42 mm. 


1245 a. Arewomolis sanguinea, sp. n. 


Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate; hind wing with 
the tornus produced to a very large lobe clothed with rough 
hair and scales above and below, the termen excised before it ; 
veins 6, 7 shortly stalked, 8 from before middle of cell, 
sinuous; of female, 6, 7 coincident and 8 stalked with them 
to near apex. 

3. Head and thorax scarlet, mixed with yellow; palpi 
with the first joimt white in front, the second and third 
ochreous ; pectus and legs white; fore cox, extremity of 
femora, tibie, and first joint of tarsus on inner side scarlet, 
the rest of femora on inner side brown, the other tarsal joints 
scarlet, with white rings; mid tibie (except at base) and 
tarsi on outer side scarlet; hind tibize at extremity on outer 
side and rings on tarsal joints scarlet ; abdomen crimson, the 
second, third, and fourth segments dorsally brown, the ventral 
surface white. Fore wing scarlet, striated with yellow, and 
the interspaces beyond the cell streaked with yellow, the 
costal edge white; an antemedial series of four indistinct 
purplish-tinged spots; a medial maculate purplish band from 
below costa to above inner margin, towards which it narrows, 
edged by yellow lines and angled outwards below vein 3; a 
curved series of small purplish yellow-edged spots from below 
costa to vein 3 near the medial band; cilia yellow at tips. 
Hind wing crimson; the area covered by fore wing pale 
brownish, the inner margin brownish yellow. 

¢. Wholly crimson above; fore wing with the costal area 


Genera and Species of Arctiade. 443 


suffused with fuscous, prominent interrupted yellow streaks 
in the interspaces, the maculate bands more distinct, the ante- 
medial bent round to base below cell and the spot in cell 
separate, the medial more broken up and irregular, the spots 
towards inner margin elongate; a terminal series of brown 
streaks on the veins. Hind wing wholly crimson. 

Hab. CAYENNE, St. Jean Maroni (Schaus), 1 g type, 
type ? in Coll. Schaus. Lzp., ¢ 36, 9 40 mm. 


1246 a. Parevia metachryseis, sp. n. 


Antenne of male with very short branches, ending in a 
bristle ; hind wing with veins 6, 7 coincident. 

Head yellow; palpi tinged with crimson; antenne 
brownish ; thorax brown, pectus and legs yellow ; abdomen 
yellow, dorsally crimson except at base and extremity, some 
dorsal black points on basal segments and a bar on anal 
segment. Fore wing purple-brown; the base of inner area 
yellow; small crimson-ringed yellow spots before middle 
above vein 1, at middle above inner margin, and beyond 
middle above and below vein 1; a truncate triangular yellow 
patch from middle of costa to median nervure ; postmedial 
and subterminal yellow spots on costa and a triangular patch 
on termen from above vein 4 to vein 1, its apex pointing 
towards the postmedial costal spot ; apical half of cilia brown, 
with some crimson points. Hind wing yellow, the terminal 
area fuscous from middle of costa narrowing to a point at 
tornus. 

Hab. Surinam, Maroni R., St. Laurent, type ¢? in Coll. 
Schaus; Surinam R., Geldersland (Schaus), 1 g type. 
Exp. 22 mm. 


1386. Elysius pyrosticta, n. n. 
Elysius hermia, Hmpsn. Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. iii. p. 110 (1901). 
The South Brazilian species is distinct from Cramer’s. 


1548. Neritos macrostidza, n. n., for the male described 
and figured; female similar except for sexual characters. 


1543 a, Neritos onytes 2 =psamas g has the antenne 
pectinated and the structural characters as in repanda except 
that the brand is elongate. 

3g with the yellow patches on costa and termen confluent 


or separate; hind wing in both sexes brown. 
30* 


444 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


1544a. Neritos discobola, sp. n. 


Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate; fore wing with 
the fovea elongate, veins 10,11 from cell; hind wing with 
the costa strongly lobed. 

Head yellow; thorax brown; pectus and legs yellow; 
abdomen scarlet, the base, anal tuft, and ventral surface 
yellow. Fore wing with the basal area purple-brown from 
one third of costa to tornus, its outer edge angled at lower 
angle of cell and vein 3; some crimson at base of inner 
margin; the apical half yellow, with large round purple- 
brown subapical patch, with some crimson above it on costa, 
its outer edge waved. Hind wing crimson. 

Hab. VENEZUELA, Aroa, 1 g, 1 2 type. Hap., g 24, 
9 26 mm. 


15446. Neritos leucoplaga, sp. n. 


Antenne of male bipectinate with short branches, the 
apical third serrate, of female serrate ; fore wing with veins 
10, 11 stalked, the fovea of male elongate ; hind wing with 
the costa strongly lobed and extending to three fourths of 
wing ; veins 3, 5 very shortly stalked. 

Pale ochreous brown; verte; of head orange-yellow; fore 
coxe yellow; abdomen with -egmental yellow lines on 
terminal segments, the anal tu.. yellow, the ventral surface 
pale. Fore wing with pale rounded patch beyond the cell 
between veins 6 and 3; the veins slightly darker. Hind 
wing paler; underside of fore wing with the basal area pale, 
a yellowish fascia below costa, a slight discoidal lunule. 

Hab. CAYENNE, St. Laurent Maroni (Schaus), 1 g type, 
type 2? in Coll. Schaus. Ezp., g 36, 2? 38 mm. 


1544. Neritos holophea, sp. n. 


Antenne in both sexes pectinate with short branches, the 
apical third serrate ; fore wing with veins 10, 11 stalked ; 
male with elongate fovea below cell; hind wing with the 
costa strongly lobed and extending to three fourths of wing. 

"Head, “gt@X, and fore wing uniform dark purple-grey ; 

abdomen and hijaWing bluish fuscous, the tuft in fovea of 
| i My ee 
Pr St. yrent Maroni (Schaus), 1 3 type, 
type ? in Coll. Schaus. /?° 34 mm. 


Genera and Species of Arctiade. 445 


1546 a. Neritos pheoplaga, sp. n. 

Antenne of male with bristles and cilia; fore wing with 
veins 10, 11 stalked, the fovea elongate ; hind wing with the 
costa moderately lobed. 

3. Head yellow; frons brown; thorax dark brown; 
pectus and legs white, the fore coxz yellow in front ; abdo- 
men crimson, the anal tuft yellow, the ventral surface white. 
Fore wing with the basal area purple-brown from one third 
of costa to termen above tornus, its outer edge sinuous and 
angled at lower angle of cell and vein 3; a yellow spot edged 
with scarlet on inner margin before middle; apical area 
yellow, with rounded purple-brown subapical patch, with 
scarlet streak on costa above it and bidentate outer edge. 
Hind wing crimson, with fuscous patch on middle of termen. 

?. Fore wing with the subapical patch joined to the 
brown area by an oblique subterminal bar. 

Hab, CAYENNE, St. Laurent Maroni (Schaus), 1 ¢ type, 
type 2 in Coll. Schaus. Hep. 22 mm. 


1550 a. Neritos albicollis, sp. n. 


9. Palpi yellow at base, brownish in front, crimson 
behind; trons brown; vertex of head yellow, with crimson 
line behind ; antenne brown, the basal joint yellow, followed 
by some crimson; tegule pure white; thorax violaceous 
brown, with small crimson spot on metathorax; pectus, legs, 
and abdomen yellow, the last dorsally crimson, with some 
brown at base. Fore wing with the basal area brownish, 
suffused with purple and white, extending on costa to near 
middle and thence to termen above tornus, and bounded by a 
crimson line; a crimson streak just below costa, with an 
elliptical white patch below it; a crimson point at base and 
small crimson and yellow subbasal spots on median nervure 
and inner margin ; the apical half of wing yellow, with large 
rounded white-suffused purple patch from apex to vein 3, 
edged by brown and crimson and with its outer edge rather 
waved, Hind wing yellow, suffused with crimson, especially 
towards apex. 

Hab. Br. Guiana, Rockstone (Kaye), 1 ¢ type. Ezp. 
28 mm. 


1552 a. Neritos steniptera, sp. n. 


Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate; fore wing long 
and narrow, especially in male; hind wing with veins 6, 7 
coincident in male, strongly stalked in female. 


446 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


Head and thorax red-brown ; palpi with some scarlet above ; 
vertex of head yellow, with some scarlet round it; tegule 
scarlet at tips; vertex of thorax yellow, edged with scarlet ; 
pectus and legs yellow, marked with brown and scarlet ; 
abdomen yellow, dorsally suffused with scarlet. Fore wing red- 
brown, with yellow spots, edged with scarlet on fulvous-orange 
patches; a spot at base; an antemedial series of three con- 
joined spots forming a band from subcostal nervure to vein 1, 
excurved at middle; a similar excurved band from middle of 
costa to median nervure ; a series of three spots from vein 5 
before termen to vein 2 at termen; cilia with scarlet points 
towards apex. Hind wing orange-yellow, with fuscous 
terminal area extending on costa to near middle, narrowing 
to a point above tornus. 

Hab. CAYENNE, St. Jean Maroni (Schaus), 1 9 type, 
type ¢ in Coll. Schaus. zp. 30 mm. 


1552 b. Neritos cyclopera, sp. 0. 


Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate ; fore wing with 
the apex produced, the termen oblique; hind wing with 
vein 7 from before end of cell. 

3. Palpi yellow, tinged with scarlet behind and with 
brown spot at extremity of second joint in front; frons 
brown; vertex of head yellow ; thorax purple-brown ; pectus 
and legs yellow, fore femora crimson in front; abdomen 
yellow, dorsally scarlet, except at extremity. Fore wing 
with the base dark purple-brown from costa before middle to 
termen above tornus, its outer edge somewhat angled at 
lower angle of cell and vein 3; the apical area yellow, with 
large, elliptical, purple-brown, subapical patch, with a little 
scarlet above it on costa and its outer edges waved. Hind 
wing orange-yellow, with fuscous terminal band, extending 
on costa to middle, then sinuous to tornus. 

Hab. CAYENNE, St. Jean Maroni (Schaus), 1 g type. 
Exp. 30 mm. 


1686 a. Menas Fosteri, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax fulvous; sides of palpi and frons, 
tibie, and tarsi grey-brown; abdomen whitish, the basal half 
of dorsum fulvous. Fore wing pale brownish ochreous ; the 
costal area rather more fulvous; the cilia white. Hind wing 
white, with slight fulvous hair at base. 

Hab. Paraguay, Sapucay (W. Foster), 2 g type. Exp. 


34 mm, 


Genera and Species of Arctiade. 447 


1743 a. Diacrisia metaleuca, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax orange-yellow; abdomen orange- 
yellow, white at base and with ill-defined dorsal fuscous 
bands, Fore wing uniform orange-yellow. Hind wing pure 
white. 

Hab. W. Arrica, Niger R., Anambra, 1 ¢g type. Exp. 
28 mm. 


1766 a. Diacrisia pulverea, sp. n. 


¢?. Head and thorax orange-yellow; palpi, frons, an- 
tenne, tibize, and tarsi fuscous black ; abdomen orange, dorsal 
and lateral series of black spots on first and terminal seg- 
ments. Fore wing orange-yellow, finely powdered with 
brown scales. Hind wing orange-yellow. 

Hab. Paraauay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 2 type. zp. 
38-42 mm. 


1844 a. Amsacta seminigra, sp. n. 


6. Antenne serrate ; head and thorax clothed with rather 
rough hair; fore tibia very short, the claws conjoined by a 
curved corneous membrane, so as to form a triangular process. 

Head and thorax black; femora scarlet above; abdomen 
orange, tinged with red towards base; a subdorsal series of 
blackish spots, becoming bands on terminal segments; a 
series of lateral spots ; the ventral surface black. Fore wing 
black ; an indistinct darker discoidal lunule and traces of 
antemedial, medial, postmedial, and subterminal bands. 
Hind wing white, the marginal areas tinged with yellow and 
the base of inner margin slightly with red; a small discoidal 
black spot and two small subterminal spots above tornus. 

Hab. ABYSSINIA, Zegi Tsana (Degen), 1 g type. Lup. 
40 mm. 


1859 a. Estigmene unipuncta, sp. n. 

9. Orange-yellow ; palpi, pectus, and legs grey-brown ; 
abdomen with dorsal black spots on second, third, and fourth 
segments ; a lateral series and the ventral surface grey-brown. 
Fore wing with black point at lower angle of cell. 

Hab. Germ. E, Arrica, Dar-es-Salem, 1 9 type. Lup. 
38 mm. 


1866 a. Estigmene internigralis, sp. n. 


gd. Head and thorax dirty ochreous; palpi and frons 
mostly brown ; tegule, stripes on patagia, and dorsum brown ; 


448 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


pectus mostly brown; femora orange above, the tibie and 
tarsi streaked with brown; abdomen orange, with some 
brown hair at base and dorsal series of black bands, the 
ventral surface ochreous. Fore wing ochreous white, more 
ochreous on costal area; the interspaces from subcostal 
nervure to submedian fold fuscous black, leaving ochreous 
streaks on the veins. Hind wing ochreous white, with the 
interspaces fuscous black except towards base. 
Hab. Navau,1 g type. Hap. 44 mm. 


2036 a. Antarctia fulvicollis, sp. n. 


¢@. Head and thorax fuscous ; tegule edged with fulvous, 
thorax with dorsal fulvous stripe; pectus fulvous; legs 
fulvous and fuscous ; abdomen fulvous, a dorsal stripe and 
the ventral surface fuscous. Fore wing fuscous, with some 
white hairs and some yellowish hair at base. Hind wing 
yellowish white, the veins and terminal area slightly suffused 
with fuscous ; cilia fuscous. 

Hab. Cute, Llanquihoe (Elwes), 1 g type. Hap. 
36 mm. 


2037 a. Antarctia pheocera, sp. n. 


&. Head and thorax dark reddish brown; basal joint of 
antenne and a tuft of hair on shoulders orange ; abdomen 
orange, the ventral surface brown. Fore wing reddish brown, 
with some orange hair at base of inner margin. Hind wing 
orange-yellow, the terminal area brown, widely so at costa 
and narrowing to a point at tornus. 

2. Abdomen with diffused dorsal brown bands; hind 
wing with the orange-yellow area more restricted. 

Hab. Paraguay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 g, 1 @ type. 
Exp., & 42, 9 54 mm. 


Genus GERARCTIA, noy. 
Type, G. poliotis. 


Proboscis fully developed; palpi short, upturned, the 
second joint moderately fringed with scales in front; frons 
with rounded prominence; antenne of female with bristles 
and cilia; ocelli present; tibiae with the inner spurs rather 
long; build slender. Fore wing long and narrow; the cell 
long; vein 2 from towards end of cell; 3 and 5 from near 
angle; 6 from below angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 
10, 11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 2 from towards end 
of cell; 3, 4 stalked; 5 from above angle; 6, 7 from angle ; 
8 coincident with cell to middle. 


Genera ana Species of Agaristide. 449 


2127 a. Gerarctia poliotis, sp. n. 


?. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey, tinged with fuscous, 
Fore wing grey, suffused and irrorated with fuscous; the 
veins with slight dark streaks; the antemedial line very 
oblique, only defined by the area beyond it being suffused 
with fuscous; a slight dark streak beyond it in submedian 
fold; a slight dark discoidal lunule ; postmedial line whitish, 
defined on inner side by fuscous streaks on the veins below 
costa and at middle, bent outwards below costa, then oblique 
and somewhat angled inwards in submedian fold; a slight 
oblique dark streak from apex ; a terminal series of black 
points. Hind wing grey, with rather darker terminal line ; 
the cilia paler ; the underside with dark discoidal lunule. 

Hab, CANARIES, Teneriffe (W. White), 1 2 type. Exp. 
30 mm. 


Agaristidz. 


Genus APHGOCERA, nov. 

Type, A. argyrogramma. 

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the second 
joint fringed with long hair in front, forming a pointed tuft 
at extremity, the third long, porrect, dilated at extremity ; 
frons with truncate conical prominence, with raised rim ; an- 
tenne moderately dilated towards extremity ; eyes smooth ; 
tibiz nearly smooth and without spines; abdomen with 
dorsal crests on basal segments. Fore wing with vein 3 
from towards angle of cell; 5 from well above angle; 6 from 
upper angle; 9, 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole ; 
11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 2 from near angle of 
cell; 3,4 from angle; 5 obsolescent from middle of disco- 
cellulars ; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 anastomosing with the 
cell near base only. 


llla. Apegocera argyrogramma, sp. n. 


g. Head and thorax black; palpi with some white at 
extremity of first and second joints ; sides of frons white ; 
back of head, tegule, patagia, pro-, meso-, and metathorax 
with paired white spots, patagia fringed with fulvous ; abdo- 
men black, with white segmental lines, the first three segments 
fulvous, with the dorsal crests blue-black; pectus and femora 
fulvous, the tibiz and tarsi fuscous, ringed with white. Fore 
wing with small black and white patch at base of costal area, 
then fulvous suffused with fuscous, extending on costa to 


450 Sir G, F. Hampson oa new 


middle and on inner margin to near tornus, the outer edge of 
this area very oblique and sinuous; a small round white spot 
at upper angle of cell placed between the arms of a silvery- 
blue y-shaped mark; an oblique postmedial band of five 
white spots from vein 7 to below 3, the three upper spots 
conjoined. Hind wing bright fulvous red, with rather broad 
terminal black band, expanding slightly at vein 2 and 
tapering to a point on inner margin beyond middle; cilia 
chequered black and white. 

Hab. ASHANTI, Obuassi (Bergman), 1 ¢g type. Exp. 
62 mm. 


Noctuide. 


Agrorivz. (Vol. IV.) 


Page 10.—Ala being preoccupied (Lock. Crust. 1877), 
TRICHANARTA will stand. 


197 a. Timora albida, sp. n. 


Head and thorax white, tinged with pale brown; abdomen 
white. Fore wing pale yellow-brown; the costal area 
whitish ; a pure white fascia in discal fold from middle of 
cell to termen, and another in submedian fold; the inter- 
spaces of terminal area with white streaks. Hind wing 
white, the veins and termen suffused with yellow-brown. 

Hab, ALGERIA, Hammam-es-Salahin (Walsingham), 1 ¢, 
1 ¢ type. Hap. 32 mm. 


320. Eusoa emolliens, n. n. for EL. mollis, Staud. (1891), 
nec Wlk. (1856). 


848 a. Episilia gaudens, sp. n. 


3. Antenne strongly serrate. Head and thorax brownish 
grey ; basal joint of antennze and thorax pale rufous; palpi 
black-brown, except at tips; pectus and legs dark brown and 
purplish red; abdomen grey-brown, the anal tuft rufous. 
Fore wing grey, tinged with ochreous to beyond middle, then 
with purple; traces of a double waved subbasal line from 
costa to submedian fold; an indistinct double waved ante- 
medial line; claviform represented by a black point at its 
extremity ; orbicular and reniform with grey annuli slightly 
defined by brown, the former round, the latter with some 
fuscous in its lower part; a medial shade, oblique from costa 
to lower angle of cell; postmedial line double, filled in with 


Genera and Species of Noctuide. 451 


grey, bent outwards below costa and incurved below vein 4; 
subterminal line whitish, defined on inner side by slight 
dentate dark marks and a brown patch at costa, slightly 
angled outwards at vein 7 and excurved at middle; a terminal 
brown line. Hind wing whitish, tinged with brown, espe- 
cially on the veins and terminal area; the underside paler, 
the costal area suffused and irrorated with purplish brown. 

?. Fore wing without ochreous suffusion, the medial shade 
much stronger. 

Hab. Java, Preanger, 1 g type, 2 in Coll. Snellen. 
Ezxp., 30, 2 34 mm. 


91la. Lycophotia strigigrapha, sp. n. 

Head and thorax dark brown mixed with grey ; abdomen 
grey, dorsally tinged with fuscous, ventrally irrorated with 
brown. Fore wing brownish grey, irrorated with brown ; 
the veins dark, defined by grey streaks; a black streak in 
submedian fold from base to termen, strongest near base; a 
black streak in lower part of cell from before middle; the 
orbicular minute, round, with black centre and grey annulus 
undefined above; reniform a small black spot very indis- 
tinctly defined by grey ; black-brown streaks in the inter- 
spaces beyond the cell ; some pale points on costa towards 
apex ; a terminal series of slight black points. Hind wing 
white, the costa and termen tinged with brown, more strongly 
in female ; the underside with the costal area irrorated with 
brown, a discoidal point and some points on termen. 

flab. PATAGONIAN ANDES, Val de Lago Blanco, 4 g,2 9 
type. Exp. 36 mm. 


Page 610. Genus TRICHEUROIS, nov. 
Type, 7. nigrocuprea, Moore, P. Z. S, 1867, p. 52; Hmpsn. Moths 
Ind. ii. p. 199. 

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, fringed with 
hair in front; frons obliquely rounded ; eyes large, hairy ; 
head and thorax clothed with hair only and without distinct 
crests ; mid and hind tibiz spined. Fore wing with veins 3 
and 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from upper angle ; 9 from 
10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole; 11 from cell. 
Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 obsolescent 
from middle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 shortly stalked. 


1126. PROTAGROTIS viralis, insert Agrotis NIVEIVENOSA, 
Grote, Bull. Geol. Surv. v. p. 206 (1879) ; Smith, Cat. Noct. 
N. Am. p. 131, which has precedence. 


452 On new Genera and Species of Noctuide. 


Hapentne. (Vol. V.) 


1668 a. Morrisonia chryserythra, sp. 0. 


?. Antenne minutely serrate; head and thorax bright 
ferruginous red mixed with ochreous ; abdomen ochreous, 
suffused with ferruginous. Fore wing ochreous, almost 
entirely suffused with bright ferruginous red; subbasal line 
whitish, angled outwards in submedian fold and ending at 
vein 1; antemedial line double, filled in with whitish, oblique, 
angled inwards on median nervure and vein 1; claviform 
with its extremity defined by whitish; orbicular and reni- 
form large, with whitish annuli, the former rather oblique, 
elliptical, open above, the latter incomplete below; post- 
medial line defined by whitish on outer side, minutely dentate, 
strongly bent outwards below costa and oblique below vein 4; 
subterminal line minutely dentate, angled outwards at vein 7, 
dentate to termen at veins 4, 3, and bent outwards to tornus. 
Hind wing ferruginous red; the underside paler, with ferru- 
ginous spot and traces of curved postmedial line. 

3d. Head and thorax purplish red ; abdomen suffused with 
red; fore wing purplish red, the markings all indistinct ; 
hind wing pale reddish. 

Hab. New ZEALAND, Middle I., Orepuki (Dunlop), 1 ¢$ 
type. @¢ in Coll. Dunlop. zp. 42 mm. 


1685 a. Morrisonia chlorograpta, sp. n. 


@. Head, thorax, and abdomen deep purple-brown ; 
tegule with some red-brown before the slight black medial 
line; patagia mostly red-brown ; pectus clothed with purple- 
grey hair, tipped with white. Fore wing deep purple-brown, 
with some red-brown in submedian fold, between the stig- 
mata, and on veins of postmedial area; subbasal line double, 
filled in with golden green, waved, from costa to submedian 
fold; antemedial line double, filled in with golden green, 
waved, oblique from below costa to below eell ; orbicular 
and reniform large, the former oblique elliptical, defined 
by black and red-brown, and with traces of golden-green 
annulus, especially below, the latter defined by black and 
red-brown and with incomplete golden-green annulus below 
and on outer side, where it is developed into a prominent 
lunule; postmedial line double, dentate, filled in with 
golden-green dentate marks from vein 6 to inner margin, 
bent outwards below costa and incurved below vein 4; 
subterminal line represented by a series of dentate golden- 
green marks on black patches, connected with a terminal 


On new Snakes in the British Museum. 453 


series of black spots. Hind wing deep purplish red- 
brown; the underside whitish, the costal and terminal 
areas suffused and irrorated with brown; a discoidal lunule 
and sinuous postmedial line. 

Hab. New ZEALAND, Middle I., Orepuki (Dunlop), 1 ¢ 
type. Hap. 56 mm. 


LVII.—Descriptions of new Snakes in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S. 


Nothopsis affinis. 

Rostral twice as broad as deep, not visible from above, its 
upper angle truncate and narrowly separating the nasals; a 
pair of internasals, followed by a pair of prefrontals, the 
latter separated from the frontal by three series of small 
scales ; frontal large, cordiform, a little broader than long, with 
a median cleft in its anterior half; parietals nearly twice as 
long as the frontal and separated from it by one or two series 
of granular scales; two small supraoculars; temporal scales 
small, granular, keeled ; two series of small scales between 
the eye and the upper labials, which are ten in number; a 
pair of very small chin-shields. Scales in 27 rows, obtusely 
keeled, laterals much narrower than dorsals. Ventrals 162 ; 
anal entire; subcaudals 98. Greyish yellow above, with a 
median series of rhomboidal or quadrangular black spots and 
a lateral series of A\-shaped black markings more or less 
confluent into a zigzag band; head black above; upper lip 
and lower parts yellowish, dotted with black. 

Total length 320 mm.; tail 100. 

A single female specimen from Salidero, N.W. Ecuador, 
350 feet. 

This species is very nearly related to N. rugosa of Cope, to 
which I had referred the specimen when it was received in 
1901. But the British Museum having now acquired an 
example which I take to be a true NW. rugosa, from Carri- 
blanca, Costa Rica, I find the Ecuador snake to differ in the 
feebly keeled scales, the presence of a pair of prefrontal 
shields, the larger frontal and parietals, and the more feebly 
angulate ventral shields, 


PHRYDOPS, gen. nov. 


Maxillary teeth 22, small, equal; mandibular teeth sub- 
equal. Head distinct from neck, moderately elongate, with 


454 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new 


vertical sides and projecting edge to the supraocular shield ; 
eye large, with round pupil; a single nasal; no loreal. 
Body elongate, slightly compressed; scales smooth, with 
apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather long ; 
subcaudals in two rows. 

This genus appears to be related to Synchalinus, Cope, 
which is only known to me from the description. 


Phrydops melas. 


Snout subtruncate, scarcely longer than the eye, with 
sharp canthus and vertica] loreal region. Rostral broader 
than deep, scarcely visible from above; nasal large, in 
contact with the preocular; internasals shorter than the 
prefrontals ; frontal nearly twice and a half as long as 
broad, a little narrower than the supraocular, longer than its 
distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; 
one prexocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head ; 
two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal, which in 
front is very narrowly separated from the fifth upper labial ; 
temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering 
the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- 
shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 
rows. Ventrals 135; anal divided; subcaudals 69. Black 
above and beneath, head and anterior part of body minutely 
speckled with brown. 

Total length 380 mm.; tail 105. 

A single female specimen from Carriblanco, Costa Rica, 
collected by Mr. C. H. Lankester. 


Rhadinea Steinbachi. 


Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; inter- 
nasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal 
once and two thirds to nearly twice as long as broad, as long 
as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the 
snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a 
little deeper than long; one pre- and two postoculars ; 
temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth 
entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with 
the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. 
Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 142; anal divided; subcaudals 
67-69. Grey above; anterior part of body with a broad 
dark brown or black vertebral band and a narrower lateral 
band; head dark brown or black above, with an oblique 
white spot in front of the eye, another behind the eye, and a 
third behind the parietals; upper lip and lower parts white. 


Snakes tn the British Museum. 455 


Total length 540 mm. ; tail 150. 
Two specimens, female and young, from the Province 


Sara, Department Santa Cruz de la Sierra, collected by 
Hr. J. Steinbach. 


Liophis oligolepis. 


Hye large. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; 
internasals a little broader than long, shorter than the pre- 
frontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, much longer than its 
distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the 
parietals; loreal deeper than long; one pree- and two post- 
oculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and 
fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the 
anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the 
posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 152; anal divided ; 
subcaudals 61. Olive-brown above, the scales dark-edged ; 
upper lip and lower parts white; a black streak behind the 
eye, above the posterior upper labials; a black streak along 
each side of the tail. 

Total length 320 mm. ; tail 73. 

A single female specimen from Igapé-Assu, Parad, Brazil, 


collected by M. A. Robert. 


Atractus ventrimaculatus. 


Snout obtuse. Rostral small, nearly as deep as broad, 
just visible from above; internasals very small; prefrontals 
as long as broad ; frontal as broad as long or a little longer 
than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, 
much shorter than the parietals ; loreal twice to twice and a 
half as long as deep; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; 
eight upper labials (exceptionally seven), fourth and fifth (or 
third and fourth) entering the eye; four lower labials in 
contact with the single pair of chin-shields, which are mode- 
rately large and separated from the symphysial. Scales in 
15 rows. Ventrals 145-157 in males, 158-159 in females; 
anal entire ; subeaudals 19-20 in males, 14-15 in females. 
Olive to blackish brown above, uniform or with dark and 
light spots; a black vertebral stripe sometimes present ; 
lower parts whitish, much speckled and spotted with black. 

Total length 430 mm.; tail 30. 

Several specimens from Merida (1630 m.) and Fuqueros 
(2500 m.), Venezuela, collected by Sefor Bricetio. 


456 On new Snakes in the British Museum. 


Calamaria Gimlettii. 


Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above as 
long as its distance from the frontal, which is as broad as 
long and three times as broad as the supraocular ; parietals 
much longer than the frontal; no preocular; one post- 
ocular; diameter of the eye two thirds its distance from the 
mouth ; four upper labials, second and third entering the eye ; 
first pair of lower labials forming a suture with its fellow 
behind the symphysial ; both pairs of chin-shields in contact 
with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 239; anal 
entire; subcaudals 11. Brown above, finely speckled with 
yellowish; scales of the two outer rows brown in front and 
white behind; a pair of yellowish spots on the upper surface 
of the tail, near its base ; upper lip and lower parts white; a 
brown spot at the outer end of each ventral shield; a brown 
longitudinal line between the subcaudal shields. 

Votal length 265 mm. ; tail 8. 

A single female specimen from Kelantan, Malay Peninsula, 
collected by Dr. Gimlette. 


Elaps princeps. 

Eye measuring three fifths to two thirds its distance from 
the mouth. Rostral broader than deep ; frontal broader than 
the supraocular, once and one third to once and a half as 
long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the 
snout; parietals longer than the frontal, as long as their 
distance from the internasals; one pre- and two postoculars ; 
temporals 142; posterior nasal separated from the preocular 
by the preefrontal ; seven upper labials, third much longer 
than fourth and in contact with the prefrontal, third and 
fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with 
the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. 
Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 220-228; anal divided; sub- 
caudals 19-22 (3 to 5 of the anterior entire). Body with 
black annuli disposed in threes, subequal in width and 
separated by wider yellow interspaces ; 7 or 8 sets of annuli, 
separated by red interspaces, which are about twice as broad 
as the yellow ones; the yellow and red scales brown behind, 
the former tipped with black; snout yellow, spotted with 
black ; a narrow black cross-band traversing the eyes, across 
third upper labials, supraoculars, and frontal; back of the 
head, including posterior part of frontal and supraoculars, red, 
the shields edged with brown. 

Total length 1220 mm. ; tail 65. 

Four specimens from the Province Sara, Department Santa 
Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, collected by Hr. J. Steinbach. 


On new Freshwater Fishes from Angola. ADT 


LVIII.—Deseription of a new Mormyrid Fish from the White 
Nile. By G. A. Boucencer,. F.R.S. 


Marcusentus Harringtoni. 


Depth of body 34 times in total length, length of heal 5}. 
Head as long as deep; snout rounded, ? length of head ; 
mouth below nostrils, its width 4 length of head; anterior 
nostril on a line with lower border of eye, posterior a little 
lower down; the distance between the anterior nostril and 
the end of the snout equals that between the posterior and 
the eye; latter moderate, its diameter 3 length of snout and 
4 interocular width. Dorsal 31, its origin corresponding to 
that of anal, its length nearly 2 its distance from head. 
Anal 33, equally distant from base of ventral and from base 
of caudal. Pectoral pointed, a little shorter than head, not 
quite twice as long as ventral. Caudal scaly, with pointed 
lobes. Caudal peduncle 34 times as long as deep, as long as 
head. 87 scales in the lateral line, 7 in a transverse series 


on the body, +4 in a transverse series between dorsal and 
anal, 12 round caudal peduncle. Brown above, white below ; 
dorsal and anal fins blackish, white at the base; a blackish 
streak along each lobe of the caudal fin. 

Total length 305 mm. 

A single male specimen. 

This well-marked species is named after Sir John 
Harrington. 


LIX.—Descriptions of Four new Freshwater Fishes discovered 
by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Angola. By G. A. BOULENGER, 
EES. 


Marcusenius Ansorgit. 


Depth of body equal to length of head, 43 to 5 times in 
total length. Head once and } as long as deep; snout 
rounded, 4 length of head; mouth small, terminal, but 
situated below the level of the eyes; a feeble mental 
swelling ; teeth small, notched, 7 in the upper jaw, 10 in the 
lower; eye shorter than the snout; anterior nostril on a 
level with centre of eye, posterior lower down and separated 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7, Vol. xv. 31 


458 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new 


from the eye by a space equal to its distance from the 
anterior. Dorsal 19, originating above 5th or 6th ray of anal, 
its length about 24 times in its distance from head. Anal 
24-26, equally distant from base of caudal and from base of 
ventral, or a little nearer the former. Pectoral obtusely 
pointed, 2 length of head, once and 2 as long as ventral, not 
quite reaching base of latter. Caudal with rounded lobes. 
Caudal peduncle 24 or 3 times as long as deep, 2 or # length 


of head. 67-72 scales in the lateral line, -—= in a transverse 


series on the body, 4 between dorsal and anal, 16 round 
caudal peduncle. Brownish; a blackish vertical bar between 
origin of dorsal and anal. 

Total length 110 mm. 

Two specimens from between Benguella and Bihé. 

This species is intermediate between IM, Lhuysit, Stdr., 
and M. pauctradiatus, Stdr. 


Gnathonemus angolensis. 


Depth of body 34 times in total length, length of head 5 
times. Head as long as deep, with curved upper profile ; 
snout 4 length of head; mouth small, on a line with lower 
border of eye; a feeble mental swelling ; teeth small, conical, 
5 in the upper jaw, 6 in the lower; eye 3 length of snout. 
Dorsal 26, originating above 8th ray of anal, its length 2} 
times in its distance from head. Anal 33, nearer base of 
caudal than base of ventral. Pectoral pointed, a little shorter 
than head, twice as long as ventral, reaching base of latter. 
Caudal scaled in its basal half, with pointed lobes. Caudal 
peduncle 24 times as long as deep, ? length of head. 58 
scales in the lateral line, = in a transverse series on the body, 
= between dorsal and anal, 12 round caudal peduncle. Brown 
above, silvery white beneath ; a few irregular dark brown 
blotches on the body ; fins dark brown. 

Total length 135 mm. 

A single specimen from the Quanza River. 

Allied to G. senegalensis, Stdr.; distinguished by larger 
scales. 


Alestes humilis. 


Depth of body 3} times in total length, length of head 4 
times. Head longer than deep, 2) times as long as broad ; 
snout rounded, shorter than diameter of eye, which is 2? times 
in length of head and equals interorbital width; adipose 


Freshwater Fishes from Angola. 459 


eyelid not much developed ; maxillary not quite extending 
to below anterior border of eye ; length of lower border of 
second suborbital equalling diameter of eye. Gill-rakers 
moderately long, 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 
II 7, originating above ventrals and at equal distance between 
anterior border of eye and root of caudal. Anal III 14. 
Pectoral fin a little shorter than head, nearly reaching 
ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as 
deep. Scales 30 #, 2 between lateral line and ventral. 
Olive above, silvery beneath; a black spot on the caudal 
peduncle, extending on the median caudal rays. 

Total length 70 mm. 

A single specimen from the Quanza River. 

Most nearly related to A. Jmberi, Peters. Distinguished 
by a more elongate body with a greater number of scales in 
the lateral line. 


Mastacembelus Ansorgii. 


Depth of body 26 times in total length, length of head 8} 
times. Vent halfway between end of snout and root of 
caudal. Rostral appendage trifid and as long as the eye, 
which is 34 times in length of snout; cleft of mouth extending 
to below centre of eye; no preorbital spine; praeoperculum 
with two or three strong spines. Dorsal XXXIV 128, anal 
II 120, both confluent with caudal, which is rounded; the 
distance between the first dorsal spine and the head is 3 
times in the length of the latter. Pectoral } length of head. 
20 scales between the origin of the soft dorsal and the lateral 
line. Olive-brown above, yellow beneath, with dark brown 
spots and marblings ; three series of large spots on the back, 
the lateral series confluent into a wavy band on the tail; 
below these spots a straight band along the body, disappearing 
a little in advance of the vent ; a band on each side of the 
head, and a vertical bar below the eye; fins yellow, with 
dark brown spots and oblique streaks. 

Total length 445 mm. 

A single specimen from the Quanza River. 

The nearest ally of this new species is M. marmoratus, 
Perugia, from the Congo. 

This is the first Mastacembelus recorded from south of the 
Congo. 


460 Mr. H. Druce on 


LX.—Descriptions of some new Species of Syntomide and 
Arctiade from Tropical South America. By HERBERT 
Druce, F.L.S. &e. 


Fam. Syntomide. 
Mesothen endoleuca, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antennz, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen, 
and legs black ; abdomen with two greyish-blue lines from 
the base to the anus. Primaries and secondaries hyaline ; 
costal margin, apex, outer and inner margins, and veins all 
black ; the apex of the secondaries edged with black.— Female 
the same as the male, but with simple antenne. 

Expanse 1 inch. 


Hab. Venezuela, Caura Valley (7. M. Klages, Mus. Druce). 


Mesothen Ockendeni, sp. n. 


Male.——Head, antennez, and palpi black, front of head 
white ; collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow ; 
a black spot at the base of the thorax and one on each 
segment, the anal segment black ; underside of the thorax 
and legs black. Primaries and secondaries hyaline, the veins 
all black, the apex broadly black, the outer and inner margins 
edged with black; the apex of the secondaries black.— 
Female identical with the male. 

Expanse 13 inch. 


Hab, S.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus. Druce). 


Cosmosoma anoxanthia, sp. n. 


Male.—Head metallic blue; antenne black, tipped with 
white; the front of the thorax orange, spotted with metallic 
blue; the tegule orange; thorax and abdomen black, the 
base of the thorax and sides of the abdomen spotted with 
bright metallic blue; legs black. Primaries hyaline, the 
apex and a band crossing the wing from the end of the cell 
to the anal angle black, veins black: secondaries hyaline, 
broadly edged with black. Underside as above, 

Expanse 1} inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. I. Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


Cosmosoma apennina, sp. Ne 


Male.-—Head, antenn, and palpi black ; collar and tegulie 


new Species of Syntomide. 461 


yellow, thorax black ; abdomen yellow, banded with black ; 
anus and legs black. Primaries hyaline, the apex black ; a 
wide yellow hyaline band crosses the wing between the end 
of the cell and the apex: secondaries hyaline, the apex black. 
—Female identical with the male. 

Expanse 1 inch. 


Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus. Druce). 


Argyroeides flavicincta, sp. n. 

Male.— Head, antenna, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen 
black, tegule edged with yellowish brown, abdomen banded 
with yellow on the upper and underside; legs black. Pri- 
maries and secondaries brownish hyaline, the costal, outer, 
and inner margins and veins black. The underside the same 
as the upperside. 

Expanse 1 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Caura Valley (Z. I. Klages, Mus. Druce). 


LTypocladia elongata, sp. n. 


Male.— Head, tegule, and thorax brown, antenne black, 
collar yellow; abdomen yellow at the base, the sides and 
underside bright red ; a wide brown band down the middle 
from the base to the apex, spotted with darker brown on 
each side of the band. Primaries dark brown, the veins light 
brown; a large brownish-white spot beyond the cell crossing | 
the wing from the costal. almost to the outer margin; a 
greyish-white streak at the base of the cell and two small 
greyish spots near the middle: secondaries hyaline white, 
the apex, outer and inner margins bordered with dark brown. 
Underside: primaries brownish black, the light markings 
much more distinct: secondaries same as above.—Female 
almost identical with the male, but with simple antenne. 

Expanse 1? inch. 


Hab. Venezuela, Caura Valley (7. M. Klages, Mus. Druce). 


Hypocladia albipuncta, sp. n. 


Female.—Head, antennee, tegule, and thorax brown ; 
collar red; abdomen dark brown, with a wide red band on 
each side extending from the base to the anus; legs brown. 
Primaries brown ; three white spots beyond the cell, the third 
quite small; a white dot on the inner margin nearest the 
base : secondaries white, broadly bordered with brown from 
the apex to the inner margin. Underside as above. 

Expanse 14 inch. 


Hab. 8.E, Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Alus. Druce). 


462 Mr. H. Druce on 


Diptilon proleuca, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, tegule, thorax, and legs 
black ; abdomen black, the two segments at the base yellowish 
white. Primaries yellowish hyaline, the veins and margins 
black : secondaries black, with a few yellowish-white hairs 
on the inner margin. 

Expanse 1 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. MZ. Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


Urolasia albipuncta, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, tegule, and thorax blue- 
black, the front of the head white ; abdomen blue-black, the 
base, a row of small spots down the middle, and two rows on 
the underside all white; legs black. Primaries yellowish 
hyaline, the veins, apex, outer and inner margins black : 
secondaries hyaline, the apex black. 

Expanse 1 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. M. Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


Ceramidia chloroplegia, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenn, collar, tegule, and thorax black, 
the collar and tegule spotted with metallic green; abdomen 
metallic green, with two black bands (one on each side) ex- 
tending from the base to the anus; the underside of the 
abdomen black, with a white line on each side. Primaries 
and secondaries black, shot with dark green. 

Expanse 13 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. 1. Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


Ivylasia pyroproctis, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax black, 
the collar and tegule spotted with bluish white ; the abdonen 
black, the anal segments brick-red, the base, the sides, and 
underside spotted with white ; legs black. Primaries hyaline, 
the costal, outer, and inner margins and veins all black; a 
large square-shaped black spot at the end of the cell: second- 
aries hyaline, the apex and outer margin black; the veins 
black. Underside as above, excepting a small white streak 
on the costal margin of the secondaries. 

Exxpanse 1# inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Caura Valley (7. M. Klages, Mus. Druce). 


new Species of Syntomide. 463 


Neacerea pyrvozond, sp. ni. 


Male.—Head, antennz, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdo- 
men black, the base of the thorax yellow, the fourth, fifth, 
and sixth segments of the abdomen bright red ; the underside 
of the thorax and abdomen pink. Primaries blackish brown, 
the veins yellowish ; a spot in the cell and four spots nearer 
the apex greyish white, in some specimens these spots are 
much more distinct than others: secondaries hyaline at the 
base, broadly bordered with black at the apex and round the 
outer margin. The underside of both wings much blacker 
than the upperside, and the greyish-white marking much 
more distinct. 

Expanse 13 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. M. Klages, 
Mus. Druce), 


Neacerea rhodocrypta, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax 
greyish brown, the collar and tegule spotted with black ; 
abdomen and legs black; the underside of the thorax and 
abdomen yellowish white. Primaries dark brown, spotted 
with greyish white in the cell and near the apex: secondaries 
hyaline, broadly bordered with black. The underside of 
both wings very similar to the upperside.—The female almost 
identical with the male. 

Expanse 14 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. JL Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


Neacerea discalis, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegulz, thorax, abdo- 
men, and legs all black, the tegule spotted with red at the 
base, the underside of the thorax and abdomen white, Pri- 
maries dusky hyaline, the veins, a large spot at the end of 
the cell, the apex, outer and inner margins black : secondaries 
hyaline, broadly edged with black. 

Expanse 13 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. M. Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


Neacerea flaviceps, sp. n. 


Male—Head yellow; antenne and palpi black, palpi 
yellow at the base; collar, tegula, thorax, and abdomen 
greyish black, underside.of the abdomen yellow ; legs greyish 


464 Mr. H. Druce on 


black. Primaries brownish black; a semilyaline streak 
from the base partly along the inner margin; a white band 
crosses the wing beyond the cell from the costal to the outer 
margin: secondaries hyaline, broadly bordered with black, 
shot with dark blue. Underside very similar to the upper- 
side. 

Expanse 1? inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. IZ. Klages, 
Mus, Druce). 


Hleliura pheosoma, sp. n. 


Male-——Head, antenne, palpi, collar, and tegule dark 
brown, the back of the head and collar reddish brown; abdo- 
men black, white on the underside; legs black. Primaries 
brown; a white spot in the cell, a streak below the cell near the 
base, and four spots crossing the wing near the apex all semi- 
hyaline white; the veins all red: secondaries hyaline, broadly 
bordered with black, the veins black. 

Expanse 14 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. If Klages, 
Mus, Druce). 


Heliura zonata, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenne, and palpi black, back of the head 
yellow; collar, tegule, and thorax grey, edged with black, 
the base of the thorax yellow; abdomen red, the underside 
reddish white; the anus and a line on each side of the abdo- 
men black ; legs black. Primaries yellowish white ; a brown 
band crosses the wing close to the base; a wide brown band 
crosses the wing beyond the middle from the costal margin 
to the anal angle; the apex brown; the veins all brown: 
secondaries white, with the apex and outer margin dusky 
brown. 

Expanse 1} inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. IL Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


Eucereon atrigutta, sp. n. 


Male.— Head, thorax, and tegule greyish white; antenne 
black, collar red, tegulz with black spot at the base ; abdo- 
men pinkish red, the anal segment black, underside yellowish 
white; legs blackish. Primaries greyish white, thickly 
spotted with black ; a row of black spots crosses the wing 
beyond the cell from the costal margin to the apex; four or 


new Species of Syntomide. 465 


five small black spots close to the apex and several along the 
outer and inner margins: secondaries white, the apex and 
outer margin black. Underside: primaries dark grey; a 
white spot in the cell and a row of small white dots beyond 
the cell, those close to the costal margin the largest: second- 
aries the same as above.—The female is identical with the 
male. 
Expanse 1,3; inch. 


Hab. Venezuela, Caura Valley (7. I. Klages, Mus. Druce). 


Eucereon leprota, sp. n. 


Female.—Antennex blackish brown; head, collar, tegule, 
and front part of thorax greyish; base of the thorax and 
upperside of the abdomen to beyond the middle blackish 
brown; the sides and lower segments bright red, the anal 
segment black; the underside of the thorax and abdomen 
yellowish white ; the legs greyish ; a row of black dots on 
each side of the abdomen from the base to the anus. Pri- 
maries grey, the base, a round spot in the cell, a broken band 
at the end of the cell, and a row of spots near the apex all 
greyish brown; a series of small greyish-brown spots along 
the inner margin; a marginal row of small spots extends 
from the apex to the anal angle: secondaries greyish white, 
the apex and outer margin broadly bordered with greyish 
brown. Underside: primaries blackish brown, the pale 
markings more distinct than above; the secondaries the same 
as above. 

Expanse 13 inch. 

flab. Venezuela, Caura Valley (7. M. Klages, Mus. 
Druce). 


Correbia minima, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, collar, and tegule yellowish brown; antenne, 
thorax, and abdomen black; legs brownish black; the base 
of the abdomen on the underside yellowish brown. Primaries 
black ; the base and a wide band crossing the wing from the 
costal margin to the anal angle pale yellowish brown; the 
fringe black: secondaries semihyaline black, darkest at the 
apex and round the outer margin. Underside very similar 
to the upperside, but the brown markings brighter in colour; 
secondaries with a small brownish-yellow spot on the costal 
margin. 

Expanse 1 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Caura Valley (Z. M. Klages, Mus. 
Druce). 


466 On new Species of Arctiade. 


Tyaleucerea leucosticta, sp. n. 


Male.— Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, tegule, and abdomen 
black ; two white spots at the back of the head and two large 
white spots on the thorax; the sides of the abdomen and a 
small spot on the anus white ; legs black and white. Pri- 
maries black, greyish in the middle and near the apex: 
secondaries hyaline, broadly bordered with black from the 
apex to the anal angle. 

Expanse 1} inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. MW. Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


Fam. Arctiadaz. 


Ischnocampa deceptura, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, abdo- 
men, and legs brown. Primaries brown, thickly irrorated 
with minute black scales; a very indistinct submarginal 
band extends from the apex to the anal angle: secondaries 
yellowish white, slightly dusky at the apex. 

Expanse 1} inch. 


Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Jus. Druce). 


Ischnocampa flavicosta, sp. n. 


Male.—Head yellow; antenne and palpi black; collar, 
tegule, and thorax fawn-colour, the base of the tegule 
yellow; abdomen blackish brown, the underside yellow ; legs 
brown. Primaries fawn-colour, the costal margin from the 
base to the apex yellow; a yellowish indistinct round spot at 
the end of the cell: secondaries semihyaline white, the costal 
margin and the apex edged with fawn-colour. 

Expanse 13 inch. 


Hab. S.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus. Druce). 


Ischnocampa barbata, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, and thorax 
pale grey-brown ; abdomen and legs brown; anus yellow. 
Primaries pale greyish brown, with a darker brown band 
down the middle of the wing extending from the apex to the 
-base; a small brown spot about the middle of the cell: 
secondaries greyish, clouded with darker brown at the apex. 

Expanse 1# inch. 


Jab. SE. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Jfus. Druce). 


On new Species of Ceropalide. 467 


Metoxanthia threnodes, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, abdo- 
men, and legs black; underside of the thorax, base of the 
abdomen, and anus yellowish white. Primaries black, be- 
coming hyaline from the end of the cell to the apex: second- 
aries hyaline, the apex and veins black. 

Expanse 1 inch. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. If Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


Stidzeras strigijera, sp. n. 


Male.—Head and collar chrome-yellow ; two black dots on 
each side of the collar; antenne, palpi, and thorax brown ; 
abdomen yellow, banded with black near the anus; legs 
brown. Primaries pale brown, thickly striated with fine 
yellow lines: secondaries pale yellow, broadly bordered from 
the apex to the anal angle with blackish brown. The under- 
side of the primaries dark brown, the secondaries similar to 
the upperside. 

Expanse 2 inches. 

Hab. Venezuela, Corosita, Caura Valley (7. JL Klages, 
Mus. Druce). 


LXI.—Descriptions of new Species of Sphegidee and Cero- 
palidze from the Khasia Hills, Assam. By P. Cameron. 


(Concluded from p. 424.] 


Anoplius palades, sp. n. 


Black; the lower part of the front, clypeus, and face 
densely covered with silvery pubescence. Thorax, legs, and 
abdomen densely pruinose ; the apical segment of the abdo- 
men densely covered with long black hair. Wings hyaline ; 
the radial, cubital, and the lower part from the top of the 
first recurrent nervure smoky; the first cubital cellule in 
front is about one third longer than the second; the first 
transverse cubital nervure roundly curved, the third almost 
straight and oblique, as is also the second ; the first recurrent 
nervure received at the base of the apical third, the second 
shortly behind the middle of the cellule ; the transverse basal 
nervure interstitial, Spines and calcaria black. ¢. 

Length 9 mm, 


468 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


Anoplius reconditus, sp. n. 


Black ; the head below the antennz densely covered with 
silvery pubescence; the hinder ocelli separated from the 
eyes by double the distance they are from each other. Apex 
of clypeus and labrum transverse in the middle. Mandibles 
at base thickly covered with silvery pubescence, the apex 
smooth and shining; the teeth piceous. Thorax densely 
pruinose, the median segment with a gradually rounded 
slope without furrows. Furrows on the meso- and meta- 
pleure narrow, but distinct. Wings almost hyaline at the 
base, the middle fuscous suffused with hyaline, the apex 
uniformly smoky; the apical abscissa of the radius long and 
with a gradually rounded curve; the first cubital cellule in 
front fully three times the length of the second ; the first 
transverse cubital nervure with a gradually rounded slope 
above the middle, the lower part being oblique; the third 
has the lower part rounded and oblique, the upper straight ; 
the recurrent nervures received shortly beyond the middle. 
Legs pruinose ; their spurs black. Base of abdominal 
segments with broad pruinose bands; the apical segment 
densely covered with black hair. ¢?. 

Length 8 mm. 

Anoplius edilis, sp. 1. 

Black; the front and vertex sparsely covered with long 
fuscous hair, the face and clypeus densely with silvery pile ; 
the eyes parallel, only very slightly converging above; the 
clypeus transverse, with the sides rounded. Thorax pruinose, 
shining; the metanotum with a gradually rounded slope and 
bearing a few long black hairs in the middle. Legs thickly 
pruinose, the calcaria black. Wings hyaline; the apex from 
the base of the radial cellule, from the first transverse cubital 
nervure, and, below, from the end of the first recurrent 
nervure, smoky. Apical segments of abdomen thickly 
covered with long black hair. 2. 

Length 10 mm. 

In front the first cubital cellule is slightly longer than 
the second, below slightly shorter than it; the first recurrent 
nervure is received near the base of the apical fourth of the 
cellule, the second almost in the middle; first transverse 
cubital nervure straight, oblique, the second roundly curved, 
the third obliquely curved in front. 


Anoplius stimulatus, sp. 0. 
Black ; the inner orbits from shortly above the antennz 


Species of Ceropalide from the Khasia ITills. 469 


and the sides of the clypeus broadly white; mandibles 
(except at the apex) and the coxw on lower side yellowish 
white ; the apical half of middle femora (except at the base 
and apex) red; the apical two thirds of the first abdominal 
segment, the whole of the second and the base of the third, 
narrowly in the middle, more broadly at the sides, fer- 
ruginous ; the fourth and fifth segments have the sides at 
the base obscure testaceous. Wings fuscous-violaceous, 
paler at the base; the stigma and nervures black. @. 

Length 15 mm. 

Head densely covered with silvery pile ; the eyes distinctly 
converging above; the hinder ocelli separated from the eyes 
by a distinctly greater distance than they are from each 
other. Palpi black. Clypeus broadly roundly convex, its 
apex transverse, the sides rounded. Thorax densely covered 
with silvery pubescence ; a narrow shining line down the 
middle of the scutellum; median segment closely, but not 
very strongly transversely striated. Abdomen _pruinose. 
Second cubital cellule in front shorter than the third ; the 
first and third transverse cubital nervures roundly curved ; 
the second straight, oblique; the first recurrent received 
shortly beyond the middle, the second at the base of the 
basal third of the cellule. 


Anoplius ardescens, sp. n. 


Black; the front and vertex sparsely covered with long 
black hair, the face and clypeus with silvery pubescence, the 
hinder ocelli separated from the eyes by double the distance 
they are from each other; clypeus transverse, the sides 
rounded. Mandibles at base thickly covered with silvery 
pubescence, the apex rnfous. Palpi black. Median segment 
obliquely sloped at the apex, thickly covered (especially the 
apex) with silvery pubescence; there is a short curved 
furrow on the sides at thebase. Legs densely pruinose ; 
the claws have the basal tooth shorter and much stouter 
than the apical. Wings fuscous-hyaline, the nervures and 
stigma fuscous. ¢. 

Length 10 mm. 

Pronotum longish, the sides behind oblique. Abdominal 
segments plumbeous grey at the base, smooth and shining; 
the fourth and fifth ventral segments thickly covered with 
long black hair; second cubital cellule almost longer than 
the third in front; the first and third transverse cubital 
nervures are roundly curved ; the second straight, oblique ; 
both the recurrent nervures are received shortly beyond the 
middle of the cellules, 


470 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


Anoplius lictor, sp. n. 


Lengthl10 mm. 2. 

Agrees in size and coloration of the wings and body with 
A. ardescens, but may readily be separated from it since the 
third cubital cellule, instead of being almost equal in length 
with the second, is scarcely half its length. 

Front and vertex sparsely covered with long fuscous hair, 
the lower orbits and clypeus thickly with silvery pubescence. 
Eyes parallel ; the hinder ocelli separated from the eyes by 
double the distance they are from each other. Apex of 
clypeus transverse, its sides broadly rounded, Base of 
mandibles covered with greyish pubescence and with longish 
hair. Palpi black, the apical joints covered with white 
pubescence. ‘Thorax pruinose. Pronotum large, its apex 
with oblique sides. Metanotum with a gradually rounded 
slope ; the pubescence is much thicker on the apex. Wings 
uniformly fuscous hyaline, with a slight violaceous tint ; the 
first cubital cellule in front fully twice the length of the 
third ; the first and third transverse cubital nervures roundly 
curved ; the second straight, oblique; the first recurrent is 
received near the base of the apical third, the second shortly 
beyond the middle. Legs pruinose; the lower tooth of the 
claws shorter, thicker, and blunter than the upper. Abdomen 
pruimose, densely at the apex. 


Anoplius tyres, sp. n. 


Black ; the wings fuscous-violaceous, paler on the lower 
part of the radial, in the cubital cellules, and at the base of 
the hind wings; the second cubital cellule is nearly twice 
the length of the third in front, behind not much more than 
half its length. 9¢. 

Length 11 mm. 

Eyes obliquely converging above. [Front and vertex 
slightly shining, sparsely covered with black hairs ; there is 
a furrow below the ocelli and a deeper one above the antenne. 
Apex of clypeus distinctly margined, depressed ; its sides 
broadly rounded. ‘Thorax alutaceous; the metanotum 
thickly covered with a white pile ; its apex oblique, broadly 
rounded above. Legs pruinose, their spines long, stout. 
The first transverse cubital nervure is obliquely bent at the 
top, the second straight, oblique, the third roundly curved ; 
both the recurrent neryures are received shortly beyond the 
middle, 


Species of Ceropalidie from the Khasia TTills. 471 


Anoplius fortinatus, sp. n. 


Length 11 mm. 

Similar in coloration to A. tyres, but is not so stoutly 
built ; may be known from it by the first trausverse cubital 
nervure being roundly, not obliquely curved at the top, by 
the second cubital cellule in front being more than twice the 
length of the third, by the front not having two furrows, and 
by the median segment being more gradually rounded on 
the apical half. 

Front and vertex with a few long hairs, the face and 
clypeus thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Sides of 
clypeus rounded. Median segment witha gradually rounded 
slope on the apex, on the end of which are two deep fovez. 
Wings fuscous with a violaceous tinge, paler at the base 
and below the stigma. The second cubital cellule behind is 
not much more than half the length of the third; first 
transverse cubital nervure roundly curved, the second 
oblique; the recurrent nervures are received shortly beyond 
the middle; the subdiscoidal nervure is obliquely turned 
upwards at the base. Abdomen pruinose. 


Anoplius delphus, sp. n. 


Black ; the basal four joints of the antenne rufous; the 
inner and outer orbits, apex of clypeus, and middle of 
mandibles ferruginous yellow, the yellow line on the hinder 
orbits extending on to the vertex near to the hinder ocelli; a 
line on the pronotum behind, the lower side of the pro- 
pleurz, and a mark, broader than long, with straight sides, 
on the apex of the mesonotum, fulvous yellow; a line, 
narrowed on the inner side, on the sides of the second seg- 
ment at the base, a broader, uninterrupted one on the third, 
and a still broader one on the fifth and sixth, yellow. Legs 
pruinose, the apical half of the fore femora below and of the 
four hinder entirely, the base of the front tibiz, the four 
hinder (except at the base and apex), and the basal two thirds 
of the basal joints of the four hinder. tarsi, red ; the calcaria 
white; the tibial and tarsal spines red. Wings smoky 
hyaline, the apex from the second transverse cubital neryure 
dark smoky. 9¢. 

Length 11 mm. 

Head smooth. Eyes converging above; the hind ocelli 
are separated from each other by a distinctly greater distance 
than they are from the eyes. Apex of clypeus semicircular ; 
there is a narrow furrow above the antenne; the vertex 


472 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


sparsely covered with long fuscous, the orbits and clypeus 
with silvery, pubescence. Thorax sparsely covered with 
longish black hair and, more sparsely, with a greenish pile. 
Median segment with a gradually rounded slope. The 
second cubital cellule at the top is twice the length of the 
third, at the bottom the space bounded by the first transverse 
cubital and the first recurrent nervures is as long as the 
lower side of the third cubital cellule; the first recurrent 
nervure is received shortly beyond the basal third of the 
cellule, the second shortly beyond the middle. 

The ¢ has only the third to fifth joints red beneath, the 
third is slightly shorter than the fourth, and the yellow liue 
on the outer orbits is narrower. 


Anoplius addendus, sp. 0. 


Length 10 mm. @¢. 

This species so closely resembles P. delphus that it might 
be expected to beits g; it may, however, be readily separated 
from it by the vertex being wider at the top through the 
eyes not converging so much there; there is consequently 
a wider space between the hinder ocelli and the eyes; the 
apex of the median segment has an oblique, not a rounded, 
slope; the first recurrent nervure is received at the base of 
the basal third, not near the middle, the second is received 
nearer the middle, the top of the third transverse cubital 
nervure is not obliquely angled, and the four hinder tarsi 
are entirely black. 

Antenne stout, tapering a little towards the apex, as long 
as the head and thorax united; the scape thickly covered 
with long white hair; the third, fourth, and fifth joints 
rufous beneath ; the third and fourth joints are equal in 
length. Head smooth and shining; the clypeus thickly 
covered with silvery pubescence, the front and vertex with 
fuscous hair. Eyes not converging above; the ocelli 
separated from them by the same distance they are from 
each other. Apex of clypeus transverse, its sides rounded ; 
labrum large, triangularly incised in the middle. Mandibles 
reddish in the middle ; the palpi testaceous, black at the 
base. Thorax pruinose, shining, smooth; the edge of the 
pronotum broadly behind and a mark, broader than long, 
on the apex of the mesonotum rufo-testaceous; the base of 
the pronotum with a broad band of reddish-bronzy pubes- 
cence ; the apex of the median segment has an oblique slope 
and is thickly covered with pale golden, mixed with bronzy, 
pubescence. Legs black; the knees and the tarsi rufous, as 


Species of Ceropalidee from the Khasia Hills. 473 


is also the base of the front tarsi; the spines and calcaria 
are rufous; the base of the fore tarsi incised. Wings 
hyaline ; the apex and the radial and cubital cellules smoky ; 
the second cubital cellule at the top is only a little longer 
than the third; the first transverse cubital nervure is roundly 
curved, the other two are straight, oblique; the first re- 
current nervure is received shortly beyond the middle, the 
second near the base of the basal third. Abdomen pruinose; 
the base of the second and third segments distinctly, the 
fourth and fifth indistinctly, and the whole of the sixth, 
reddish fulvous ; the last ventral segment is roundly raised 
in the middle and has an oblique depression on either side 
of the middle near the apex. 


Anoplius funebranus, sp. n. 


Black; the face, cheeks, and clypeus thickly covered with 
silvery pubescence, the front and vertex sparsely with long 
black hair. Wings uniformly fuscous-violaceous, the apical 
nervures fuscous ; abdomen shining, pruinose. 9¢. 

Length 14 mm. 

Eyes distinctly converging above. Middle of clypeus 
transverse, the sides rounded. Mandibles rufous before the 
apex; the palpi black, thickly covered with white pubescence. 
Thorax pruinose ; the sides of pronotum oblique behind; the 
median segment has a gradually rounded slope. The fovea 
on propleure is long, deep, pyriform. The first cubital 
cellule at the top is, if anything, longer than the second; 
the first transverse cubital nervure is obliquely curved in 
front, the second straight, oblique, the third slightly curved ; 
the first recurrent nervure is received at the base of the 
apical fourth, the second shortly before the middle. 


Anoplius lanatus, sp. n. 


Black, densely pruinose, the apex of the pronotum with a 
pale yellow band, the apex of the abdomen white. Legs 
(especially the underside of the cox and _trochanters) 
thickly covered with silvery pubescence; the apex of the 
hind femora and the hinder tibiz, except at the apex, dark 
rufous. Wings hyaline, the apex from the end of the stigma 
smoky. <6. 

Length almost 8 mm. 

Antenne short, thick, the basal joints rufous below; the 
scape pallid yellow below and covered with white hair, 
Front and vertex covered with long fuscous hair, the inner 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 32 


AT4 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


orbits, face, and clypeus thickly covered with silvery pile. An 
indistinct furrow on the middle of the front; the apex of 
clypeus slightly roundly incised ; labrum pilose, its apex 
rounded. Mandibular teeth rufous. Apical joints of palpi 
testaceous, darker above. Postscutellum thickly covered 
with long pale hair. Base of median segment pruinose, the 
base in the middle with a semicireular depression ; its apex 
obliquely rounded and thickly covered all over with long 
woolly hair. Abdomen densely pruinose, slaty grey. First 
and second transverse cubital nervures roundly curved ; the 
third has the upper half straight, oblique; the second 
cubital cellule in front is about one third of the length of 
the third, below not much shorter than it; the first recurrent 
nervure is received at the base of the apical third, the second 
in the middle of the cellule. 


Salius fluctuatus, sp. n. 


Black, densely covered with golden pubescence ; the basal 
three joints of the antenne entirely, and the fourth and fifth 
beneath, ferruginous ; legs rufo-fulvous ; the coxee and tro- 
chanters black; densely covered with golden pile; the tips 
of the tarsiand the apices of their basal joints black. Wings 
hyaline, with a slight, but distinct, fulvous tint; the stigma 
and nervures pallid yellow; the second cubital cellule in 
front slightly longer than the first; the first transverse 
cubital nervure straight, obliquely bent at the top, the 
others roundly curved outwardly; both the recurrent 
nervures are received before the middle of the cellule. ¢@. 

Length 14 mm. 

Claws with one median tooth. Front and vertex sparsely 
covered with long fuscous hair. Clypeus fulvous, as seen 
through the golden pile ; its apex almost transverse, the sides 
of the middle part very shghtly dilated; laterally it is 
oblique. Mandibles and palpi fulvous yellow; the teeth 
piceous. Hinder ocelli separated from the eyes by double 
the distance they are from each other. Apex of pronotum 
rounded. Scutellums roundly convex. Median segment 
with a gradually rounded slope; alutaceous, not transversely 
striated, and indistinctly furrowed down the middle. Tegule 
rufous. 

Allied to the Ceylonese S. crinitus. 


Salius Frederici, sp. n. 


Length 17mm. @. 
‘Belongs to the section with the claws bidentate, and in 


Species of Ceropalide from the Kiasta Hills. 475 


Bingham’s table comes into “4. Wings fuscous or fuscous 
black, with a purple effulgence,’” and nearést to “c', 
The entire abdomen ferruginous red, only the extreme 
base narrowly black,” represented by S. Smithii, Bing.,= 
fervida, Sm., which is very different, it having the head and 
thorax black. 

Reddish brown; the anterior legs reddish yellow; the 
four hind cox largely black on the inner side; the basal 
joints of the hind tarsi slightly black at the base. Base of 
abdomen black ; the apices of the middle segments broadly 
infuscated ; the apical thickly covered with loug stiff black 
hair; the apex of the penultimate segment depressed and 
armed with a stout, curved, claw-like tooth, which is broadly 
black at the apex. Wings dark brownish, with a distinct 
violaceous effulgence, the base with a yellow ish tinge; the 
first recurrent nervure is received close to the second trans- 
verse cubital, the second shortly beyond the basal third of 
the cellule. Antenne dark ferruginous; the scape thickly 
covered with a paledown. Face and clypeus thickly covered 
with bright golden down; the sides of clypeus oblique, the 
middle transverse. Apex of mandibles black. Front and 
vertex opaque, granular, sparsely covered with long black 
hair; the front furrowed. Apex of pronotum rounded at the 
apex. Scutellum not much raised; the postscutellum large, 
pyramidal, narrowed on the top, the sides behind margined, 
Middle of metanotum black, depressed, the apex with an 
oblique slope ; on the basal three fourths are some transverse 
strie. Pleural sutures black, crenulated. In front of the 
hind coxe is a large deep depression, bordered by a stout, 
somewhat triangular keel. 


Salius saturnalis, sp. n. 


Black ; the antennze (except the apical five joints), head, 
pronotum, base of mesonotum, apex of femora, tibie, and 
tarsi ferruginous; the apex of the tarsi black ; wings 
violaceous. <¢. 

Length 17 mm. 

Head ferruginous, the occiput broadly in the centre, the 
greater part of the vertex and the front broadly in the middle, 
black ; thickly covered with depressed golden pile, the front 
and vertex sparsely with long black hair. Apex of clypeus 
almost transverse; in the centre below the antenne is 
a raised triangular space, bordered by shallow furrows. 
Labrum fringed with long golden hair. Apex of mandibles 
black. The pronotum above is bright ee the 

32* 


476 Mr. P. Cameron on new 


mesonotum and base of scutellum dark brown and thickly 
covered with depressed golden pile. Sides of pronotum 
roundly projecting, its centre furrowed, narrowly below, 
broadly above. Scutellum raised, flat on the top. Post- 
scutellum tuberculate, narrowed towards the top, which 
rises near to the summit of the scutellum ; the apices of both 
are thickly covered with long black hairs. Median segment 
deep velvety black, transversely striated, sparsely covered 
with long fuscous hair; the base behind the spiracles tuber- 
culate. Tegule ferruginous. Abdomen deep black: the 
apical segments thickly covered with long black hair. 

This species has the scutellum tuberculate as in S. zelotypus, 
Bing., but is very distinct otherwise ; in coloration it agrees 
closely with S. peregrinus, Sm., but that has the pronotum 
rounded at the base and not tuberculate laterally. The basal 
tooth of the claw is stout, bluntly rounded at the apex, and 
shorter than the apical. 


Salius tempestivus, sp. n. 


Black, densely covered with pale golden pubescence ; legs 
black, all the femora (except at the apex and the base of the 
anterior), the four posterior tibiz (except narrowly at the 
apex), and the apex of the front tibiz narrowly, ferruginous. 
Wings fuscous-violaceous, the stigma and nervures black; the 
base from the transverse basal nervure almost hyaline; the 
second cubital cellule is slightly, but distinctly, shorter than 
the third; the first transverse cubital nervure is straight, 
oblique, its top obliquely angled ; the first recurrent nervure 
is received shortly beyond, the second at the apex of the 
basal third of the cellule, the transverse median widely 
separated from the basal. Abdomen pruinose; the pygidial 
area smooth ; its basal half obscurely keeled in the middle ; 
its sides densely frmged with long fuscous hair. ¢. 

Length 17 mm. 

Antenne black, bare. Head densely covered with 
depressed pale golden pubescence, which hides the sculpture. 
The eyes converge slightly above; the hind ocelli are 
separated from the eyes by a slightly greater distance than 
they are from each other. Apex of clypeus smooth, shining, 
bare, depressed ; the sides slightly, roundly, cbliquely curved. 
Apical half of mandibles rufous; the palpi black, densely 
covered with white pile. Median segment irregularly, trans- 
versely striated. Mesosternum smooth, the furrow narrow, 
the apex with a transverse keel. 


Spectes of Ceropalidee from the Khasta [ills. 477 


Salius precursor, sp. 0. 


Length 12mm. 92°. 

Belongs to Bingham’s section “ A. Tarsal claws bidentate. 
a. Wings some shade of fulvous yellow. a’. Head and 
thorax black,’ in which it will form a new section 
“ Abdomen ferruginous.”’ It has a great resemblance to 
Pseudagenia pulchrifrons, Cam. 

Basal six joints of antenne rufo-fulvous; theeighth to tenth 
black above, dark rufous below, the rest entirely black. Head 
black, densely covered with golden pile, the clypeus with a 
more rufous tinge, its middle at the apex with a short tooth ; 
labrum piceous, the apex waved. Mandibles rufous yellow, 
the apex deep black ; the base with a down and some long 
golden hairs. Palpi yellowish. Thorax densely covered with 
golden pile, which in fresh examples hides the black colour ; 
the prothorax rufous, a semicircular black mark on the base 
above, and the middle of the pronotum is black, its lower 
part with golden pubescence. The median segment with a 
gradually rounded slope and no furrow; in addition to the 
golden pile it is covered rather thickly with long fuscous 
hair. Propleurz dilated above, divided into two beyond 
the middle by a furrow; in the middle is a narrow 
oblique furrow. Wings yellowish hyaline, the apex with a 
faint fuscous cloud; the stigma dark testacecus; the first 
cubital cellule at the top and bottom slightly, but distinctly, 
shorter than the third. Legs rufo-fulvous ; the coxz black 
at the base above, the anterior with a distinct yellowish 
tinge ; the extreme base of the second joint of tarsi and the 
following black. Abdomen dark ferruginous ; the base and 
apex of the basal segment, the second segment broadly, and 
the base of the third irregularly black. 

I have referred this species to the section with bidentate 
claws ; but practically there are three teeth, there being a 
small tooth behind the two larger ones. 


The species described in this paper are in the collection of 
Mr, G. A. James Rothney. 


478 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


LXII.—Rhynchotal Notes —XXXU. By W. L. Distant. 


Fam. Cicadide (continued). 


Subfam. 7'rererwrya. 
Division HYANTIARIA. 


In this division the lateral margins of the pronotum are 
oblique, not dilated; the abdomen is broad and robust, its 
dorsal surface centrally obtusely longitudinally ridged, its 
lateral areas obliquely depressed on each side, its apex 
narrowed; the tympana are completely exposed, the tympanal 
coverings being entirely absent; the opercula in the male are 
short, transverse, not extending beyond the base of abdomen ; 
the metasternum is centrally globosely elevated and poste- 
riorly terminates in two spinous prolongations placed between 
the posterior cox; the anterior femora are spined beneath ; 
the tegmina and wings are hyaline and usually more or less 
maculate. 

At present the Hyantiaria comprises three Neotropical 
genera, 


Synopsis of Genera. 


A. Posterior pronotal angles dilated. 


a. Head with the front long and prominent; longer than 
vertex. 
b. Basal cell of tegmina scarcely longer than broad .... Quesada. 
aa. Head with the front not prominent, much shorter than 
vertex. 


bb. Basal cell of tegmina considerably longer than broad. Mura. 
B. Posterior pronotal angles not dilated. 
aaa. Head with the front not prominent, a little shorter 
than vertex. 


bbb, Basal cell of tegmina a little longer than broad.... Hyantia. 


QUESADA, gen. noy. 


Body broad and robust; head (including eyes) about as 
wide as base of mesonotum and about as long as pronotum 
without its posterior margin, front broad and -prominent, 
longer than vertex ; pronotum about as long as mesonotum, 
its lateral margins oblique, the posterior angles moderately 
dilated ; mesonotum a little convex ; abdomen short, broad, 
very little longer, sometimes only as long as space between 
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation, its apex more 
or less attenuated; tympanal orifices entirely exposed, 
tympanal flaps altogether absent; abdomen beneath a little 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 479 


convex to lateral margins, which are flat and at right angles 
to disk; opercula in male very small, situate widely apart, 
and not extending beyond base ef abdomen ; anterior femora 
spined beneath ; rostrum reaching base of posterior coxe ; 
metasternum centrally elevated, the process posteriorly 
triangularly produced between the posterior coxe ; tegmina 
and wings hyaline, the first long, somewhat narrow, greatest 
breadth not quite one third of length, venation normal, apical 
areas eight, basal cell almost as broad as long. 


Type, Q. gigas, Oliv. (Cicada). 


Genus Mura. 
Mura, Dist. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhyneh. Hom. i. p. 143 (1905). 
Type, I. elegantula, Dist. 


Genus HYANTIA. 
Hyantia, Stil, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 2 (1866). 
Type, H. honesta, Walk. (Cyclochila). 


Division TETTIGADESARIA. 


Lateral margins of the pronotum dilated and usually 
medially angulate; head varying in breadth and size; 
tympana completely exposed, the tympanal coverings entirely 
absent; tegmina and wings either hyaline or semiopaque. 

This division is primarily founded on the character of the 
dilated pronotal margins, and holds a similar position in the 
Tibicinine as the division Polyneuraria does in the Cicadinz 
and the division Zammararia in the Geeanine. 


Synopsis of Genera. 


A. Lateral margins of pronotum dilated and medially 
angulate. 
a. Head (including eyes) narrower than base of meso- 
notum. 
b. Space between pronotal dilatations less than width 
of abdomen. 
c. Basal cell of tegmina distinctly longer than 
broad ; tegmina and wings hyaline .......... Collina, 
bb. Space between pronotal dilatations considerably 
wider than breadth of abdomen. 
ce. Basal cell of tegmina slightly longer than broad ; 
tegmina and wings semliopaque.............. Orapa. 
aa. Head (including eyes) as wide as base of mesonotum. 
bbb. Space between pronotal dilatations equal to 
greatest width of abdomen. 
ccc, Basal cell of tegmina twice as long as broad ,.  Daza, 


480 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


B. Lateral margins of pronotum dilated, but not medially 
anculate, 
d. Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of meso- 
notum, its margins moderately convex, the front 
scarcely projecting, and about as long as vertex at 
ares of ocelli” (ie) cer eaee cements oe wos Tettigades. 
dd, Head (including eyes) much wider than base of 
mesonotum, its margins sinuately oblique, the front 
strongly projecting, and longer than vertex at area 
OF OCCT oes ve a ce nye ok ome chao oe nie ee Chonosta. 


Genus COLLINA. 
Collina, Dist. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynch. Hom. i. p. 142 (1905), 
Type, C. Biolleyi, Dist. (Odopea). 


ORAPA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) about two thirds the width of base 
of mesonotum, its length about equal to space between eyes, 
front shorter than vertex ; pronotum almost as long as meso- 
notum, its lateral margins ampliated and medially angulate ; 
abdomen in male short, not longer than space between apex 
of head and base of cruciform elevation; tympanal orifices 
completely exposed; opercula in male short, transverse, not 
quite reaching base of abdomen ; rostrum passing posterior 
coxe ; posterior tibiz finely spined on apical half; tegmina 
and wings semiopaque, the first with eight apical areas and 
with the basal cell very slightly longer than broad; wings 
with six apical areas. 

Type, O. numa, Dist. (Pyena). 

In describing what proves to be the type of this genus I 
stated that 1 based my diagnosis on a single female specimen 
only, which I had kept in my possession for some years, 
hoping to receive an example of the male. This I have now 
seen, which enables me to recognize it from its tympanal 
characters as representing a new genus of the subfamily” 
Tibicinine. 


DAZA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum, 
in length as long as pronotum (excluding posterior margin), 
front broad but narrow, not prominent, inserted somewhat 
deeply in vertex; pronotum shorter than mesonotum, its 
lateral margins ampliate and medially angulate; mesonotum 
a little convex; abdomen broad, robust, longer than space 
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation; 
tympanal orifices entirely exposed, tympanal flaps altogether 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 481 


absent ; abdomen beneath with the disk moderately convex, 
the lateral margins distinct and slightly oblique ; opercula in 
male small, transverse, well separated internally, not ex- 
tending beyond base of abdomen, between them there is a 
flat, transverse, metasternal process; disk of metasternum 
elevated, posteriorly triangularly produced between the 
posterior coxz ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ; ante- 
rior femora spined beneath; tegmina and wings hyaline, 
venation normal, basal cell of tegmina much longer than 
broad. 


Type, D. montezuma, Walk. (Zammara). 


Genus TETTIGADES. 
Tettigades, Amy. & Sery. Hist. Hém. p. 469 (1843), 
Type, 7. chilensis, Amy. & Serv. 


CHONOSIA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) much wider than base of mesonotum, 
its lateral margins obliquely sinuate, the front strongly pro- 
jecting and longer than vertex at area of ocelli; pronotum 
only slightly longer than head, its lateral margins dilated but 
not angulate, posteriorly oblique; abdomen short, not quite 
so long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform 
elevation ; tympana completely exposed, tympanal coverings 
entirely absent ; opercula in male moderately well developed, 
but not extending beyond the basal segment of abdomen ; 
anterior femora spined beneath; tegmina and wings semi- 
hyaline, tegmina more than twice as broad as long; venation 
similar to that in genus Tettigades. 


Type, C. crassipennis, Walk. (Hidicina). 


Division HUECHYSARIA. 


Tegmina and wings opaque or semiopaque; lateral margins 
of the pronotum neither ampliate nor dentate; abdomen 
moderately robust, but not transverse, longer than space 
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; 
tympana completely exposed, tympanal coverings entirely 
absent; tegmina with the apical areas variable in number, 
either eight or ten, or variably fluctuating between those 
numbers, 


Synopsis of Genera. 


A. Head with the face longitudinally sulcate. 
a, Head (including eyes) not so wide as base of meso- 
notum, 


482 ' Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


b. Tegmina with ten apical areas, in some varieties 
only nine. 
ec. Head longer than pronotum, front produced but 
not excavate. 
d, Mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) 
longer thar PEQNOTGM os «Tn puats.es i is m9 i- «00 Graptotettiv. 
ec, Head shorter than pronotum, the front con- 
cavely excavate. 
dd. Mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) 
scarcely longer than pronotum .......... Parvitlya. 
aa, Head (including eyes) as wide as base of meso- 
notum, 
bb. Tegmina with eight apical areas, in some varieties 
nine or ten. 
cece. Head about as long as pronotum. 
ddd, Mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) 
longer than pronotum ......... abate ital .. LTuechys. 
B. Head with the face not sulcate..............-- .... Seteroptera. 


Genus GRAPTOTETTIX. 
Graptotettix, Stal, Hem. Afr, iv. p. 4 (1866); Berl. ent. Zeit. x. p. 170 
(18686). 
Type, G. guttatus, Stal. 


Graptotettix rubromaculatus, sp. 0. 


Body black; front of head and face, a large oblique spot 
on each lateral area of mesonotum, a central longitudinal 
fascia to abdomen above and the segmental margins, and the 
abdomen beneath sanguineous, the last with central segmental 
and lateral segmental piceous spots, apex black; tegmina 
shining piceous, wings shining fuscous ; head (including eyes) 
not so wide as base of mesouotum, its length a little more 
than that of pronotum; mesonotum (including cruciform 
elevation) longer than pronotum; tegmina with ten apical 
areas, 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 26 mm.; exp. tegm. 60 mm. 


Hab. North Celebes; Toli-Toli (Brit. Mus.). 


PARVITTYA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) not quite so wide as base of meso- 
notum, shorter than pronotum, the front slightly produced 
and concavely excavate, the face centrally prominently longi- 
tudinally sulcate for about half its length; pronotum almost 
as long as mesonotum (including cruciform elevation), its 
anterior angles rounded, lateral margins sublaminate and 
nearly straight, posterior lateral angles moderately produced ; 
abdomen subglobose, dorsally ridged and posteriorly at- 
tenuated ; tympanal orifices entirely exposed, tympanal flaps 


2 eh EE ae: 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 483 


altogether absent ; anterior femora spined beneath ; rostrum 
just passing the intermediate coxe; opercula in male short, 
transverse, not passing base of abdomen; tegmina semi- 
opaque, with ten apical areas, the basal cell longer than 


broad. 
Type, P. samara, Dist. 


Parvittya samara, sp. n. 


Head and pronotum black, greyishly pilose; mesonotum 
ochraceous, with two central anterior obconical spots, a broad 
sublateral fascia on each side, and two small rounded spots in 
front of the basal cruciform elevation, black; cruciform 
elevation, abdomen above and beneath, opercula, and lateral 
margins and apical half of face, ochraceous; head beneath, 
sternum, and legs black, ochraceously pilose; abdomen 
beneath with small lateral segmental piceous spots; tegmina 
fuscous brown, venation piceous, its basal area with longi- 
tudinal pale fuscous streaks ; wings shining pale fuscous. 

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 24 mm.; exp. tegm. 63 mm. 


flab. Philippines: Samar (Brit. Mus.). 


Genus Hvuecuys. 
Huechys, Amy. & Sery. Hist. Hém. p, 464 (1843). 
Type, H. sanguinea, De Geer (Cicada). 


Genus SCIEROPTERA. 


Scieroptera, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 4 (1866); Berl. ent, Zeit. x, p. 169 
(1866). 


Type, S. splendidula, Fabr. ( Tettigonia). 


Division CARINETARIA. 


In this division the pronotum is distinctly narrowed ante- 
riorly, never longer than the mesonotum, sometimes much 
shorter ; the lateral pronotal margins are oblique, not am- 
pliate; the body is more or less robust, narrowed towards 
head and apex of abdomen, which is sometimes very short ; 
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first in a few cases semi- 
opaque, but usually clear, and frequently unspotted. 

The Carinetaria are found in both hemispheres. 


484 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


Synopsis of Genera. 


A. Head (including eyes) more or less narrower than base 
of mesonotum ; front about as long or a little longer 
than vertex. 
a. Pronotum considerably shorter than mescnotum. 
b. Greatest width of tegmina about one third their 
length. 
ce. Abdomen about as long as space between apex 
of head and base of cruciform elevation .... Carineta. 
B. Head (including eyes) a little narrower than base of 
mesonotum ; front about as long as vertex. 
aa. Pronctum not much more than half the length of 
mesonotum, including basal cruciform elevation. 
bb. Greatest width of tegmina less than one third of 
their length. 
cc. Abdomen very short, shorter than pronotum 
and mesonotum together, including basal 
cruciform eloyabionl.s 4:3 os). fghneele the... Sele. Karenia*., 
C. Head (including eyes) as wide as base of mesonotum ; 
vertex a little longer than front. 
aaa. Pronotum about as long as mesonotum. 
bbb, Greatest width of tegmina little more than half 
their Janeth Risk seed ciate stems tas autora Herrera. 
D. Head (including eyes) about half the width of base 
of mesonvtum ; vertex a little longer than front. 
aaaa. Pronotum about as long as mesonotum, in- 
cluding cruciform elevation. 
bbbb. Greatest width of tegmina a little more than 
one third their length...... ARG Dane wee. Lympanistria. 


Genus CARINETA. 
Carineta, Amy. & Serv. Hist. Hém. p. 482 (1843). 
Type, C. formosa, Germ. (Cicad2). 


Carineta boliviana, sp. n. 


Body above and beneath fuscous brown, somewhat thickly 
greyishly pilose; face, a spot between face and eyes, and the 
femora pale castaneous; anterior femora beneath, tibia, and 
tarsi dark castaneous ; coxe, trochanters, extreme apices of 
femora, and bases of tibize pale ochraceous ; pronotum with a 
small spot at centre of inner edge of posterior margin and 
two short, discal, diverging fasciz, piceous ; mesonotum with 
two central, piceously margined, obconical spots, a transverse 
spot in front of cruciform elevation, with a short curved spot 
on each side, piceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, with a 


* Another character of this genus is found in the venation of the 
tegmina, the bases of the radial area and the lower ulnar area being 
contiguous at lower apical angle of basal cell, 


Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 485 


bronzy tint, the venation brownish ochraceous, tegmina with 
the outer margins very broadly and wings with the outer 
margins less broadly fuscous ; costal membrane of tegmina 
reddish brown; rostrum almost reaching posterior coxee ; 
opercula in male short, narrow, transverse, not completely 
covering the cavities ; face pretend longitudinally suleate. 

Long. , excl. tegm., ¢ 25-28 mm. ; exp. tegm. 73-81 mm. 

Hab. Bolivia: St. Paulo (P. O. Simons) and Toungas de 
la Paz (Brit. Mus.). 

By the outer fuscous shadings of the tegmina and wings 
this species is allied to C. formosa, Germ. 


Carineta tllustris, sp. n. 


Body and legs umber-brown; head with a large spot on 
each side of front, the area of the ocelli, and a spot on each 
lateral margin of vertex, black ; pronotum with a broad 
central discal fascia, widened anteriorly and attenuated poste- 
riorly, where it is connected with a central, transverse, curved, 
linear fascia, and the lateral margins black ; mesonotum with 
four black-margined obconical spots, the outermost largest, 
and a lanceolate spot in front of cruciform elevation, black ; 
abdomen above with a subobsolete, central, longitudinal, pale 
fascia, and with a prominent patch of grey pile on each basal 
lateral area; sternum thickly greyishly pilose ; face ochra- 
ceous, with two central longitudinal black fascie; a spot at 
inner margins of eyes, a subapical annulation to anterior 
femora, intermediate and posterior femora (excluding apices), 
bases and apices of anterior and intermediate tibia, posterior 
tibiee (excluding base), the tarsi, and apex of rostrum, shining 
piceous ; tegmina and wings clossy hyaline, the venation 
umber-brown, tegmina with ‘the costal membrane and a basal 
patch extending to nearly middle of radial area and occupying 
the whole of lower ulnar area, and wings with a basal patch 
which does not reach the middle of radial area and is broadly 
continued along the margins of anal area, rich deep umber- 
brown; transverse veins at bases of first and second ulnar 
areas darkly infuscate, the colour linearly continued across 
third ulnar area; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; head 


fo) 
(including eyes) much narrower than base of mesonotum ; 
abdomen in male as long as space between apex of head and 
base of cruciform elevation. 
Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 22 mm.; exp. tegm. 68 mm. 


Hab. Amazons; Iquitos (Stockholm Mus.). 


486 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 


Carineta peruviana, sp. n. 


?. Body above olivaceous green; ocelli carmine-red ; 
mesonotum with two black-margined obconical spots on ante- 
rior margin; lateral margins of metanotum narrowly dull 
ochraceous ; body beneath and legs pale virescent ; apex of 
rostrum and the tarsi more or less | piceous ; spines to anterior 
femora and posterior tibize fuscous; tegmina and wings 
hyaline, venation mostly fuscous ; tegmina unspotted, the 
costal membrane pale olivaceous; head (including eyes) 
much narrower than base of mesonotum, the front about as 
long as vertex ; pronotum shorter than mesonotum; greatest 
width of tegmina about one third their length ; face globose, 
with a pronounced, very narrow, central, longitudinal sulca- 
tion; margins of head, sternum, and legs thickly, somewhat 
longly, greyishly pilose; abdomen above and beneath a little 
more shortly and darkly pilose; rostrum just passing the 
posterior coxee. 

Long., excl. tegm., 9 20 mm.; exp. tegm. 64 mm, 


Hab, Peru; Chandramayo (Brit. Mus.). 


HERRERA, gen. nov. 


Head (including eyes) as wide as base of mesonotum, 
vertex a little longer than front; pronotum about as long as 
mesonotum, its lateral margins slightly convex, its posterior 
angles moderately dilated ; abdomen short, about as long as 
space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation, 
tympana completely exposed ; opercula in male small, narrow, 
transverse, well separated internally ; ; metasternum posteriorly 
lobately produced from between the posterior coxe ; rostrum 
about reaching the posterior coxte; anterior femora strongly 
and longly spined beneath, spines apparently three in 
number; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmina broad, their 
greatest ‘width little more than half their length, apical areas 
eight ; wings with six apical areas. 


Type, 1. marginella, Walk. (Cicada). 


Genus KARENIA. 
Karenia, Dist. Ann, Mus. Civ. Genoa, (2*) vi. p. 458 (1888). 
‘Type, A. ravida, Dist. 


Genus 'TYMPANISTRIA. 
Tympanistria, Stl, Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 619 (1861), 
Type, 7. villosa, Fabr. ( Tettigonia). 


On new Japanese Mammals. 487 


LXIUL—On some new Japanese Mammals presented to the 
British Museum by Mr. Rk. Gordon Smith. By OLpFIELD 
Tuomas, F.R.S. 


THE National Museum owes to the kindness of Mr. R. Gordon 
Smith an interesting collection of small mammals obtained 
by him in Japan. The majority are from Kobe, but he has 
also sent a number collected at Misaki, near Yokohama, by 
a Japanese, Mr. H. Tsuchida. 

Most of the species are, of course, described in Tems 
minck and Schlegel’s ‘Fauna Japonica,’ but the following 
seem to represent new species or subspecies, and include a 
vole which, although allied to the red-backed voles (Hvotomys), 
is so distinct that | have had to make a new subgenus for it. 
It forms, therefore, a most interesting discovery. 


Mogera wogura kobe, subsp. n. 


Similar in colour and other characters to typical J/. wo- 
gura, but markedly larger. 

Dimensions of the type (measured on a spirit-specimen) :— 

Head and body 143 mm.; tail 20; hind foot, s. u. 21, 
c. u. 24; fore foot, length (c. u.) 26, breadth 20. 

Skull: greatest length 39; basal length 34; greatest 
breadth 18-7; front of canine to back of m? 14°7; front of 
Jower cariniform premolar to back of ms 12°8. 

Hab. Kobe, Hondo. Altitude about 60 m. 

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 82. 7. 27.12. Collected 
2nd June, 1875, during the cruise of H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ 
Five specimens examined. 

While the fine series of the ordinary Japanese mole, JZ. wo- 
gura, from Misaki, near Yokohama, sent home by Mr. Gordon 
Smith are all very uniform in size (skulls 84-35 mm.; hind 
foot, s. u., about 18 mm.), the four he has sent from Kobe 
are all markedly larger, and it is evident that we have here 
to do with two local forms, though they will probably prove 
to pass one into another in the intermediate districts. 

No typical locality is given in 'lemminck’s original 
description of Zalpa wogura *, but an example sent in 1843 
from the Leyden Museum as representing that form agrees in 
size with the Yokohama race, and I have therefore taken 
that as the typical one. The original figure of the skull is 
35 mm. in length. 


* ‘Fauna Japonica,’ Mamm, p. 19 (1842), 


488 Mr. O. Thomas on 


The ‘Challenger’ also obtained three specimens of true 
wogura from Yokohama, besides the example of JZ. w. kobece 
which I have selected as the type. 

Although much larger than true IZ. wogura, this mole falls 
far short of the large form from Vladivostok named by 
Dr. Nehring W/. robusta *, 


Petaurista leucogenys and its subspecies. 


Mr. Gordon Smith has sent several specimens of the large 
Japanese flying-squirrel, and I have carefully examined these 
and the specimens already in the Museum collection. 

The original locality of Temminck’s Pteromys leucogenys 
was the mountains of Figo (=Higo) and Fiuga, in the island 
of Kiusiu, so that specimens sent from Nagasaki, in the 
same island, may be provisionally treated as typical. 

These are very dark above, with their under surface white 
or nearly white, not or scarcely washed with buffy, their lips 
with but little greyish white on them, a well-marked blackish 
patch below the eye and another below the ear, the charac- 
teristic light cheek-patch greyish and not sharply contrasted. 

From this Kiusiu animal there may be distinguished the 
following three subspecies :— 


P. 1, nikkonis, subsp. n. 


Fur particularly long and tail bushy. General colour 
paler, more greyish brown or drab. Under surface white. 
Muzzle whitish. Below eye greyish brown. Light cheek- 
patches snowy white, very prominent. 

Nikko, central mountainous region of Hondo. 


P. 1. oreas, subsp. n. 


Colour above rich brown, warmer than in the Kiusiu form, 
and suffused with rufous on the head. Under surface washed 
with buffy. Patch below eye dark rufous, like forehead. 
Light cheek-patch dull greyish, inconspicuous, washed with 
buffy. 

Wakayama, southern peninsula of Hondo. 


P. 1. tose, subsp. n. 


Colour above an intermediate brown. Hairs of under 
surface slaty at base, washed with buffy terminally. Lips 
whitish. Patch below eye greyish brown, not blackish, 


x SB. Ges, nat, Fy. Berl. 1891, P: 96, 


new Japanese Mammals. 489 


succeeded behind by a fairly prominent light cheek-patch, 
and a dull fulvous one below and behind the ear. Hinder 
end of nasals squarely truncated. 

Tosa, island of Sikoku. 


Detailed descriptions of the new forms :— 


Petaurista leucogenys nikkonis. 


Fur very long, soft, and thick; hairs of back 50-60 mm. 
in length, the underfur about 40-45. General colour above 
comparatively pale, a greyish drab, rather paler than Ridg- 
way’s “drab.” Individually the longer hairs are greyish 
basally, with a broad whitish or buify whitish subterminal 
band and a fine black tip; the abundant underfur slaty, with 
about 5 mm. at the tip clay-colour. Laterally the hairs are 
shorter and the colour becomes more buffy brownish; a 
broad patch at the end of the patagial cartilage deep ochra- 
ceous buff. Under surface either pure white or faintly 
washed with buffy; no slaty bases to the hairs; a small 
blackish spot on the chin. Head coloured above like back or 
a little more buffy, becoming greyish on the nose and whitish 
round the mouth; cheeks below eyes broccoli-brown ; light 
check-patch very conspicuous, pure white, most of the hairs 
white to their roots, extending up on to the crown in front of 
the ears and downwards nearly to meet the white of the 
throat. Ears surrounded by a buffy area, with scarcely a 
trace of a black patch at their posterior bases. Forearins 
dark grey, little mixed with the buffy rings on the longer 
hairs; hands dark brown. Hind hmbs with the dull buffy 
of the sides extending on to the middle of the metatarsus, its 
sides and the digits brownish black. ‘Tail short, thick, very 
bushy, its breadth across the outstretched hairs about 
150 mm.; in colour above and below it is of about the same 
greyish drab as the back. 

Skull as in typical lewcogenys, the nasals similarly pro- 
jecting backwards behind the premaxillary processes. 

Measurements of the type :— 

Head and body 420 mm.; tail 280; hind foot (s. u.) 67. 

Skull: greatest length 68°5; basilar length 54; nasals, 
length 23; length of upper tooth series without anterior 
premolar 14°5, 

Hab. Nikko, Central Hondo. 

Type. Male. B.M. no. 5. 1.4.50. Original number 31. 
Collected by H. Ogawa, and presented by R. Gordon Smith, 


Esq. Six specimens examined. 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 33 


490 Mr. O. Thomas on 


A young specimen sent by Mr. Maries to the Museum in 
1880 lived in captivity from May to August 1879, when it 
died. It has well developed the peculiar greyness of the 
back, which cannot therefore be a mark of the winter coat. 

Besides one example of the normal colour, a_ beautiful 
semialbinistic specimen of a creamy buffy tone was obtained 


from Mr. Alan Owston in 1900. 


Petaurista leucogenys oreas. 


General colour dark, between “ vandyke-brown ” and bistre, 
the subterminal rings on the hairs dull buffy ; outer part of 
parachute black, sparsely lined with buffy, the forearms and 
hands deep black; patch at end of patagial cartilage dark 
buffy. Hairs of under surface of body dull whitish tipped 
with buffy, slightly plumbeous at their bases, those of under- 
side of patagium bright buffy throughout except on a patch 
just behind the carpus, where they are black. Head on 
muzzle and crown more rufous than back, near “ burnt 
umber.” Lips and light cheek-patch dull greyish, little 
conspicuous, the hairs slaty basally, greyish white terminally. 
Area below eye dull reddish brown, continuous with the 
rufous, which passes downwards on to the sides and front of 
the neck. Chin with a black spot. Upper surface of feet 
black, with a slight trace of buffy tipping on the centre of 
the metatarsus. ‘Tail long, not unusually broad, breadth 
across outstretched hairs about 125 mm.; its general colour 
dull cinnamon, the hairs slaty at base. 

Skull with its nasals as in true lewcogenys. 

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— 

Head and body 450 mm. ; tail 380; hind foot (s. u.) 73; 
ear 29. 

Skull: length of nasals 25, of tooth-row without p* 14:5. 

Hab. Wakayama, Southern Peninsula of Hondo. 

Type. Female. B.M. no. 3. 5. 18. 1. Collected and 
presented by R. Gordon Smith, Esq. 


Petaurista leucogenys tose. 


General colour above intermediate between the dark Jeuco- 
genys and the light nikkonts, about matching Ridgway’s 
‘‘hair-brown,” subterminal bands on hairs cream-buff; ends 
of underfur drab-brown. Under surface dingy whitish, the 
hairs slaty at their bases and washed with buffy terminally. 
Head brown, not reddish, the top of the muzzle inclined to 
buffy. Lips and light cheek-patch greyish white, the hairs 
slaty at base, the cheek-patch not extending up on to the 


new Japanese Mammals. 491 


crown and not very conspicuous. Area below eye broccoli- 
brown, not blackish. Forearms and hands dark brown, a 
small patch of buffy-tipped hairs on the metacarpus. Hind 
feet only blackish along the edges and on the digits, the 
metatarsal hairs being largely tipped with dull buffy. Tail 
fairly similar to the body, but rather more tinged with clay- 
colour. 

Skull distinguished from that of the other forms by the 
nasals being abruptly and squarely truncated behind at a 
level with the tips of the premaxillary processes. 

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— 

Head and body 382 mm.; tail 280; hind foot 66. 

Skull: greatest length 66; basilar length 51°7; length of 
nasals 23; upper tooth-row without p* 14°6. 

Lab. Tosa, island of Sikoku. Alt. 300 m. 

Type. Female. B.M. no. 5. 3. 3. 17. Collected 4th 
December, 1904, and presented by R. Gordon Smith, Esq. 
‘T'wo specimens. 


Micromys geisha, sp. n. 


A delicate species, about equal in size to one of the smaller 
forms of Mus sylvatieus, though with more the build and look 
of a large harvest-mouse. 

Size small, form slender. Fur soft and fine, without 
spines, hair of back about 6 mm. in length. General colour 
above pale reddish brown, rather warmer and redder than 
Ridgway’s “ wood-brown,” the head and forehead slightly 
paler than the rump. Under surface white, sharply detined 
laterally, the basal two thirds of the hairs dark slaty. ars 
rather short, pale brown, with a fine white edging. Outer 
side of upper arms and hips reddish grey ; inner sides, wrists, 
hands, and feet white. Soles wholly naked, last foot-pad 
elongated ; fifth hind toe (s. u.) reaching nearly to the end 
of the first phalanx of the fourth. Tail of medium length, 
thinly haired, coarsely scaled, the scales not alternated, but 
forming distinct rings, averaging about twelve to the centi- 
metre ; both scales and hairs brown above and white beneath, 
but the contrast not conspicuous. Mamme apparently 
2—2=8, but this numeration is not absolutely certain. 

Skull very smooth, light, and delicate, rounded and without 
ridges, the supraorbital edges hardly squared even in the 
oldest example. Anteorbital plate straight-edged in front, 
scarcely projected forwards in advance of the upper bridge. 
Palatal foramina of medium Jength, not extending backwards 
to the front of m*. Mesopterygoid fossa wide and rounded in 
front, narrowing posteriorly. Bulle normal. Molars small, 

30 


492 Mr. O. Thomas on 


of normal structure, a well-marked antero-external secondary 
cusp on m’*, as well as the usual large antero-internal. 

Dimensions of the type :— 

Head and body (c.) 85 mm.; tail 95; hind foot (s.u.) 19; 
ear 12 5. 

Skull: greatest length 24; basilar length 17:5; zygo- 
matic breadth 12 ; nasals 8; interorbital breadth 3:7 ; breadth 
of brain-case 11; palate length 10°4; diastema 6°5; palatal 
foramina 4°7 x 1°7; length of upper molar series 374. 

Hab. Kobe, Hondo. oy 200" 400 m. 

Type. Male. B.M. no. 5. 3.3.37. Collected May 1904. 
Presented by R. Gordon Suith, Esq. 

This pretty little mouse is quite unlike any Eastern Asian 
species with which I am acquainted. Mus argenteus, ‘l'emm., 
whose description might have been thought to apply to it, is 
a larger animal, with a hind foot of 22 mm., and many differ- 
ences in the detailed measurements of the skull, e. g. inter- 
orbital constriction 4°9 mm., palatal foramen 5°8. 

With regard to the use of the generic name ALicromys for 
this animal, | have come to the conclusion that the correct 
and natural division of the European species of “ Mus” 
published by Hensel in 1856*, and supported by Forsyth 
Major tf in 1884, should be followed, and that while J/us 
rattus, norvegicus, and musculus should remain in JZus, the 
others should be placed in a separate genus, for which the 
name Micromys is available. 

In this genus the posterior lamine of the first and second 
upper molars have each an additional internal cusp beyond 
the number present in Mus; so that, counting along the 
inner side of the tooth-row, there are three cusps on the first 
molar and three on the second, while in Mus the posterior 
lamina is not continued inwards beyond the centre, and there 
are therefore only two inner cusps on each of the two teeth. 

The following species, with their respective near allies, 
show this character :— 


Micromys sylvaticus, L. 

spectosus, ‘Temm. 

minutus, Pall. (Type of genus f.) 
mystacinus, Danf. & Alst. 
agrarius, Pall. 

Harti, Thos. 

geisha, Thos. 


HT | 


* Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1856, p. 281. 
+ Atti Soc. Tose. Proc. Verb. iy. p. 129 (1884). 
{ Dehne, 1841. 


D 


— 


new Japanese Mammals. 495 


In no Oriental or Australian species are the molars of this 
character, but among the African forms, although in the 
great majority as in typical Mus, those of Mus arborarius, 
Peters, and Jf, rutilans, Peters, are almost precisely as in 
Micromys and appear to indicate a real relationship to that 
genus. 

In view of the immense number of species of Mus known 
and the difficulty of dividing them into natural groups, it is 
of great value to be able to separate off any section of them 
Peon characters, however slight these may appear 
o be. 


Evotomys (Phaulomys) Smithit, subgen. et sp. nn. 


PHAULOMYS *, subgen. noy. 


External proportions and other characters as in Evotomys, 
although the colour tends more towards brown than the usual 
red of Hvotomys. 

Skull with the smooth non-angular brain-case characteristic 
of LEvotomys; zygomata more widely splayed; posterior 
palate typical ; bull unusually small. 

Teeth not rooted in the only specimen, which is fully 
adult ; therefore if rooted at all they must only become so 
very late in life, as in Craseomys. Base of second upper 
molar in a distinct capsule at the bottom of the orbital fossa 
and that of the last lower molar similarly encapsuled on the 
inner side of the incisor-root, both as in Craseomys and 
Microtus, not as in Evotomys. Molars very weak and narrow 
(breadth of m* barely more than half its length, 0°8 mm. as 
against 1°5), the few closed triangles not or scarcely broader 
than long. General structure of teeth showing an exaggera- 
tion of the Hvotomys characters of rounded cement-areas and 
coalescence of opposite spaces (see figure, p. 494). Last upper 
molar more simple than in Avotomys, its second and third 
spaces coalesced into one. Below the anterior molar is also 
remarkably simple, and in all three teeth the outer re-entrant 
angles are nearly as deep as the inner. 

This interesting form adds another to the considerable 
number of aberrant Asiatic voles, aud, as with Antheliomys 
and Hothenomys, the exact value that should be given to it is 
by no means clear. While it has the rounded skull, round- 
angled teeth, and external form of true Evotomys, it has the 
encapsuled m? and m, of Craseomys, Antheliomys, and normal 


* datAos= weak, 


494 On new Japanese Mammals. 


voles, while its molar pattern and narrow teeth are peculiar to 
itself. On the whole, it may best be called a subgenus of 
Evotomys until such time as the whole group is again revised, 
when it will very probably receive with others the dignity of 
full generic rank. 

The species may be described as follows :— 

Size about as in Lvotomys glareolus. Fur soft and loose; 
hairs of back about 10 mm. in length. General colour above 
a light brown, not far from “ russet”’ of Ridgway, without 
the warmer and more reddish tone of trne Hvotomys. Sides 
and rump not conspicuously or abruptly greyer than the back. 
Under surface cream-buff, not sharply defined, and mixed 
with the slaty of the hair-bases; throat grey. ars about as 
long as the fur, well-haired, brown. Upper surface of hands 
and feet dull greyish; soles hairy from the heel to the pads, 
Tail about two thirds of the trunk-length, well-haired, the 
terminal pencil about 8 mm. in length; dark brown above, 
pale greyish below. 

Skull as described above. 


Evotomys (Phaulomys) Smithit. Upper and lower molars, right side. 
x 


Teeth (see figure).—First and second upper molars with the 
usual five and four cement-spaces respectively. ‘Third molar 
with the normal anterior space, and the second and third half 
opposite to each other and combined in one; then follows a 
terminal Y, the antero-external corner of it almost separated 
into a distinct space; this tooth has three prominent angles 
and one additional indistinct one on each side. Anterior 


Col. C. Swinhoe on Eastern Heterocera. 495 


lower molar with only four simple spaces, one in front of the 
others, the anterior representing the front triangle, the second 
the normal second and third, and the third the normal fourth 
and fifth triangles, here opposite and coalesced with each 
other. Outer and inner re-entrant angles about equally deep, 
as they are in the second molar, which has the usual Hvotomys 
pattern. Last molar with its outer re-entrants much deeper 
than usual, nearly as deep as the inner ones. 

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh by Mr. 
Gordon Smith) :— 

Head and body 79 mm. ; tail 54; hind foot 17°5 ; ear 10. 

Skull: greatest length 24°3; basilar length 20°7 ; zygo- 
matic breadth 14°6; nasals 7°2 X 3°3 ; interorbital breadth 3°9 ; 
breadth of brain-case 10°3; height of brain-case from 
basion 6°5; palate length 11; diastema 6°8; palatal fora- 
mina 4'2x 1:4; antero-posterior length of bulle 5; length 
of upper molar series (crowns) 5, of m’® 1°6. 

Hab. Kobe, Hondo. Alt. 650 m. 

Type. Male. B.M. no. 5. 3.3.49. Collected 24th Feb- 
ruary, 1904. One specimen only. 

“‘ Under pine-trees, in bamboo-grass.”—R. G. S. 

This vole, representing a new subgenus, forms a most 
interesting addition to the known fauna of Japan, and I have 
much pleasure in connecting its donor’s name with it. 


LXIV.—Notes on Eastern Heterocera, with Descriptions of new 
Genera and Species. By Colonel Cuartes Swinnos, M.A., 
F.L.S., &e. 


Family Syntomide. 


Euchromia plagosa, nov. 


9. Frons white, tegule orange; patagia and band at base 
of abdomen greyish yellow, next segment black, the third 
metallic blue with a white spot m the middle, the next 
two orange, intersected by a black line, the last two black 
with blue bands in them: fore wings with some metallic- 
blue marks at the base, both wings with similar marks at the 
ends of the cells; spots white, a short longitudinal mark 
below the cell near the base, two spots in and below middle 
of cell (the latter the larger), two between veins 3 and 5, and 
one below vein 6: hind wings with a short subcostal white 


496 Col. C. Swinhoe on Eastern [eterocera. 


streak near the base and a discal band divided by the veins 
into three white spots. 

Expanse of wings 1,8, inch. 

Neu Pommern, Kinigunang; one example. 

Nearest to EH. cyantis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, 
p. 457, from N, Guinea. 


Euchromia shortlandica, nov. 


2. Black ; frons and first segment of abdomen greyish 
yellow, the latter with a blue spot in the middle; head and 
thorax with metallic-blue marks; second and third segments 
of abdomen metallic blue with black bands, the remaining 
segments crimson with black bands: fore wings with some 
blue marks at the base; both wings with blue marks at the 
ends of the cells, white semihyaline spots as in £. creusa, 
Linn. 

Expanse of wings 1,9, inch. 

Shortland Island, Salomons. 


Euchromia salomonis, nov. 


2 . Head and body very similar to the preceding species, but 
the first segment of the abdomen has two brown patches, and 
is without the metallic-blue middle spot; the spots on the fore 
wings are larger, there is a white streak below the upper 
discal spot, the lower middle spot joins the subbasal streak 
and runs in broadly nearly to the base; on the hind wings 
the basal hyaline band is divided into three spots by the 
veins as usual, but the upper one is much the longest and 
the outer discal band is very large. 

Expanse of wings 2 inches. 

Isabel Island, Salomons. 


Euchromia collaris, nov. 


g. Black; frons white and coxz white; tegule scarlet- 
orange; head and thorax black with metallic-blue markings ; 
abdomen with the first segment half black and half scarlet- 
orange, next two metallic blue with black bands, the 
fourth black, and the remainder crimson with black bands : 
fore wing with blue markings at the base, a wedge-shaped 
hyaline white spot in the middle of the cell, a thicker and 
larger spot below it, the upper portion of it running thickly 
to near the base of the wing; four longitudinal spots on the 
disk, two between veins 3 and 5, a narrow one below these 
which nearly reaches the lower middle spot, and the usual 


Col. C. Swinhce on Eastern [eterocera. 497 


spot below vein 6: hind wings with the basal and discal 
bands joined together, making nearly the whole wing hyaline, 
leaving a square black spot at the end of the cell, and an 
outer marginal black band which is thickened at the apex 
and at the anal angle of the wing. 

Expanse of wings 2 inches. 

Shortland Island, Salomons. 


Family Lithosiide. 
Pheosia brunnea, nov. 


3d ?. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown, anal tuft 
of abdomen yellow: fore wings with tbe ground-colour 
pinkish grey, covered with brown suffusion in parts and 
several brown longitudinal streaks, the most prominent being 
two short streaks following each other beyond the cell, one 
at the apex and another on the costa before the apex : hind 
wings uniform brown, yellowish at the tips, no markings. 
Underside of a uniform pale slaty brown: fore wings with 
short pale streak on the costa beyond the middle and another 
along the hinder margin: body below white; legs smeared 
with white, tarsi with white rings. 

Expanse of wings, ¢ 48,, 2 1 inch. 

6, Sarawak, Borneo (Moore Coll.). In B. M. 

?, Padang, W. Sumatra. 


Genus Crenane, nov.* 


Proboscis fully developed; palpi porrect, extending about 
the length of head, the second joint thickly scaled ; antennze 
of male bipectinate, the apical third ciliated; hind tibiz 
with two pairs of spurs: fore wing short and broad, vein 2 
strongly curved from angle of cell, 3 from before angle, 
4 and 5 from angle, 6 from below upper angle, 7, 8, 9, 
and 10 stalked, 10 from beyond 7; 11 from cell, oblique: 
hind wings with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 from well above 
angle, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from middle of cell. 


Ctenane labuana, nov. 


3. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish white tinged 
with brown ; palpi blackish except at the tips: fore wings 
grey-white irrorated with brown and blackish; a subbasal 
black pot below costa, antemedial black points below costa 
and above vein 1; a diffused medial fuscous-brown band, 


* T owe the diagnosis of this genus to Sir George Hampson. 


498 Col. C. Swinhoe on Eastern Heterocera. 


attenuated at the middle and broadening to costa and 
hinder margin ; an ill-defined postmedial line, oblique from 
costa to vein 4, then incurved, with black points on it below 
costa and above and below vein 2; outer area diffused with 
brown, except at apex, and with traces of a sinuous sub- 
marginal line: hind wings very pale fuscous. 

Expanse of wings 4 inch. 

Labuan, Borneo. 


Family Limacodide. 


Ceratonema fusca, nov. 


Q?. Head and collar dark brown ; body and fore wings pale 
brown with a slight pinkish tinge; abdomen with brown 
segmental bands: fore wings with the central upper area 
suffused with dark brown, forming a large suffused patch ; 
a transverse, recurved, sinuous brown line beyond the middle, 
running through the outer limit of the brown suffusion; a 
submarginal paler line with indistinct pale brown streaks 
running from it to the outer margin: hind wings pale 
greyish brown without markings. Underside of a uniform 
pale greyish brown without markings, but with a blackish- 
brown suffused space in the central upper area of the fore 
wings. 

Expanse of wings ,% inch. 

Khasia Hills. 

There are two examples from the Khasia Hills in the 
B. M., Limacod drawer no. 15, unnamed. 


Family Lasiocampide. 
Crostogastria prun. 
Bombyx pruni, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 498 (1758). 
Odonestis prunt, Kirby, Cat. Moths, p. 811 (1892). 
1 6, Khasia Hills. 
1*9 , Jamtia Aidis. 
Differ in no way from the European insect, except in 
being rather duller in colour. 


Arguda vita. 
Odonestis vita, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. ii. p. 424, pl. xii.a, fig. 4 
(1859). 
1 g,1 2, Calcutta, October 1889. 
The type came from Java. These examples stood in my 
collection as O. bheroba, Moore, but I have now examined 


Col. C. Swinhoe on Eastern TIcterocera. 499 


them with the types in the B. M.: the latter is a very 
different insect with straight transverse lines and seems to 
be very rare ; the type is in Coll. Staudinger and the co-type 
in the B. M. My Caleutta examples of vita do not differ in 
any way from the Javan type. 


Stenophyllodes khasiana, nov. 


¢. Palpi much shorter than in S. sikkima, Moore, colour 
of a nearly uniform brownish fawn with a tinge of pink; 
branches of antenne pale blackish; collar pale and some- 
what ochreous ; body without markings: fore wings pale 
towards outer margins and less well clothed; hind wings 
shghtly darker than the fore wings; both crossed by 
numerous indistinct waved lines slightly darker than the 
ground-colour ; a black dot at the end of cell of fore wings. 
Underside paler, the fore wings more pink tinged and with- 
out markings ; the hind wings with two short brown lines 
running down from the costa near the base, and three 
indistinct sinuous lines across the disk. 

Expanse of wings 2 inches. 

Khasia Hills. 

A smaller insect than S. sikkima, with the outer margin 
more deeply crenulate. 


Family Trifide. 
Euplexia fasciata. 
Xylophasia fasciata, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1900, p. 68. 


Khasia Hills ; common. 
The type from Western China is in the B. M. and is 
identical with the Assam examples. 


Euplezia repetita. 
Apamea repetita, Butler, Cist. Ent. iii, p. 133 (1885). 
Khasia Hills ; one example. 
The type came from Yokohama. 


Radinacra albosignata. 


Caradrina albosignata, Oberth. Etud. d’Ent. y. p. 72, pl. iv. fig. 1 
(1880). 


Khasia Hills, 1 ¢. 
The type came from Amurland ; there are several examples 
inthe B. M. from Central and Western China; it is closely 


500 Col. C. Swinhoe on Eastern Heterocera. 


allied to R. lineosa, Moore, a common Indian insect, but the 
transverse lines on the fore wings are closer together and 
the reniform is of a different nature. 


Family Acontiide. 
Metachrostis brunneiplaga, nov. 


S ?. Palpi, head, and thorax dark pinkish brown, palpi 
with the last jot pale: fore wings pale pinkish brown, a 
brown patch at the base with nearly upright outer margin, a 
large brown costal patch extending from beyond the middle 
nearly to the apex, some brown spots on the costa; indi- 
cations of a medial double line, also of three sinuous lines 
below the patch, and three large pale brown spots on the 
outer margin; marginal line very thin and interrupted by 
the veins ; cilia with a pale brown interline: hind wings 
pale pinkish brown, paler than the fore wings, with an indis- 
tinct pale brown marginal line. 

Expanse of wings ;/5 inch. 

Khasia Hills; many examples. 

Not unlike M. brunnea, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1900, 
p. 157, from Central China, but that form has no _ basal 
band. 


Motina equalis. 
Motina equalis, Walker, xxvii. 12 (1863), 


Khasia Hills. 
The type from Sarawak, Borneo, is in the B. M. 


Family Quadrifide. 
Blasticorhinus rivulosa. 


Thermesia rivulosa, Walk. xxxiii. 1060 (1865). 
Acantholipes quadripuncta, Swiuhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. 
p. 423 (1892). 

The type from Moulmein is in the B. M. The type of 
quadripuncta, also in the B. M., is from Palawan. I have it 
also from the Nilgiri Hills, and there are examples in the 
B. M. from Ceylon and from Java. 


Family Focillide. 
Avitta surrigens. 
Oroba surrigens, Walker, Journ, Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. p. 81 (1864). 


Andaman Islands (Bingham). 
The type from Sarawak isin Mus. Oxon.; in Cat. Het. 


Col. C. Swinhoe on Eastern Heterocera. 5O1L 


Mus. Oxon. ii. p. 194, I made it a synonym of A. subsignans, 
Walker, but I wrongly identified that species ; the fore wings 
are rounder, it is paler in colour, the transverse markings are 
entirely absent, and there is a large round blackish spot at 
the end of each cell. I have subsignans from Sumba, Perak, 
Queensland, Andamans, Bombay, and the Nilgiris ; [I have 
surrigens from Gilolo, and it is in Mus. Oxon. from Sarawak, 
Flores, Sula, and Aru. 


Genus Bernantua, Walker. 


Bethantha, Walker, xxxiil. 982 (1865). 
Seneratia, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 202 (1885). 


Bethantha bisignata. 


Beethantha bisignata, Walker, xxxiii. 983. 
Ctypansa bocanidia, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) x. p. 231 
(1882). 

Ceylon, Nilgiri Hills. 

Walker’s type from Timor is in Mus. Oxon., also an 
example from Ceylon; the type of bocanidia, from Duke of 
York Island, is in the B.M. I have it in my collection 
from Sapareea, New Guinea, Kina Balu, Mouklek Mountains 
(Siam), Nilgiri Hils, and Ceylon. It is not mentioned in 
Hampson’s ‘ Moths of India.’ 


Adrapsa atratalis, nov. 


3 2. Dark brownish black, very uniform in colour: fore 
wings with a white dot at the end of the cell; transverse 
lines white, sinuous, antemedial, postmedial, and submar- 
ginal; the first bends inwards close to the hinder margin, 
the second bends outwards, the submarginal line runs from 
the costa into the inner side of a very large subapical, pure 
white, almost square patch, and is continued in a row of 
white dots to the hinder margin ; outside the patch on the 
margin are four pure white lunules, and the black cilia have 
white spots: hind wings with a medial line which does not 
reach the c. sta, a submarginal row of white dots, and indica- 
tions of a marginal white line. The underside is paler, 
having some white suffused scales on the wings: on the fore 
wings the cell-spot and postmedial line are bordered in- 
wardly with black, and some white suffusion in place of 
the subapical patch ; on the hind wings are three transverse 
white lines—antemedial, medial, and discal—the first two 
rather close together, all inwardly bordered with black ; both 


502 Col. C. Swinhoe on Eastern Heterocera. 


wings with whitish marginal lunules and white spots on the 
cilia. 

Expanse of wings 1,°, inch. 

Khasia Hills. In B. M. 

At page 162 of this vol. by mistake I described the female 
of this insect as the female of A. curiosalis, but I have found 
both sexes of this form from the Khasia Hills in the B. M., 
the antenne of the male differmg from the antenne of 
curiosalis, with large scale-tooth on outer side just beyond 
basal joint, the shaft then curved, with small scale-tufts on 
the joints and fascicles of cilia; at one fourth from base the 
shaft is dilated into a large knot. 

There is also an example in the B. M. from Western China 
(Leech Coll.). 


Family Hypenide. 


Bomolocha obductalis. 


Hypena obductalis, Walker, xvi. 56 (1858). 

Bomolocha obductalis, Swinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. ii. p. 212 (1900). 

Hypena vestita, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 221, pl. clxxvi. fig. 10 
(1885). 


Khasia Hills ; fairly common. 

The type, marked ‘“ India,” is in Mus. Oxon., the type of 
vestita from Ceylon is in the B. M.; they cannot be sepa- 
rated. It isalsoin the B. M. from Sikkim. The allied form 
eductalis, Hmpsn., the type of which from Sikkim isin Coll. 
Elwes, is the commonest form in the Khasia Hills: flexuosa, 
Moore, which Sir George Hampson puts as a synonym of 
obductalis, is in my opinion quite distinct; I have it from 
Simla, Darjiling, and Kulu. 


Genus ANEPA, Nov. 


Palpi oblique ; third joint smooth, a little more than half 
the length of the second: fore wing long and narrow, exca- 
vated from apex to vein 4, where there is a rather prominent 
angle; antennz ciliated and abdomen with dorsal tufts, as 
in the genus Hypena, but the shape of the wings and up- 
turned palpi clearly separate it from that genus and all its 
subdivisions. 

Type, ozydata, Hmpsn. (Hypena oxydata), Journ. Bombay 
N. H. Soe. xi. (4) p. 707 (1898). 


Col. C. Swinhoe on Eastern Heterocera. 503 


Anepa doda. 
Hypena doda, Swinhoe, Aun. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (7) ix. p. 180 (1902). 
Khasia Hills. 
The type from Goping, Perak, is in the B. M.; also 
examples from Penang, Formosa, and Sikkim. 


Family Geometride. 
Medasina leledaria, nov. 


g. With the ground-colour ochreous grey, irrorated with 
olive-brown atoms, and spots, bands, and markings all olive- 
brown ; antennze, palpi, frons, head, and thorax dark olive- 
brown; abdomen paler: wings with a rather large spot at 
the end of each cell ; subbasal, medial, and discal transverse 
bands, all more or less duplex and incomplete, showing best 
towards the costal and hinder margins; the last band curved 
outwards below the costa and inwards before the hinder 
margin, and dentated in the middle on both wings; a sub- 
marginal white dentated line and a marginal black crenulated 
line. Underside pale grey, nearly white, with darker grey 
irrorations, blackish cell-spots, and a broad blackish discal 
band, attenuated hindwards on both wings ; tarsi with white 
bands. 

Expanse of wings 2,), inches. 

Khasia Hills. 

There is an example from Bhutan in the B. M. in Boarmid 
drawer no, 127. 

Boarmia properata. 

Boarmia properata, Walker, xxi. 376, g (1860). 

Boarmia acaciaria, Hmpsn. (part.), Moths India, iii. p. 264 (1895). 

Boarmia cornaria, Swinh. (part.), Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. ii. p. 290 

(1900). 

Thyetmyo, Burma. 

The type (a male, said to be from North Hindustan) is in 
the B. M. Ihave both sexes from Burma and Perak, and 
find that it is quite distinct from either acaciaria or cornaria ; 
the former has the autennz of the female almost simple, 
whereas in the female of properata the antennz are strongly 
pectinated for three fifths the length, as in the male, but the 
pectinations not so strongly pubescent; it comes under 
Warren’s subgeuus Carecomotis (Nov. Zool. ii. p. 402) ; the 
female of cornaria has also pectinated antenne. I have 
examples from Ceylon and South India; the pectinations 
are, however, much shorter, and it is smaller and differently 
coloured. 


504 Col. C. Swinhoe on Eastern Heterocera. 


Heterabraxas rufonotaria. 
Metabraxas rufonotaria, Leech, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 461 
(1897). 
2 $, Khasia Hills. 
The type came from Western China; the markings on the 
Khasia Hill examples are darker black, otherwise there is no 
difference. 


Family Thyridida. 
Rhodoneura candidatalis, nov. 


g. Frons white; head and thorax brown, the latter white 
hindwards; abdomen and wings white, the former with 
indistinct chocolate-grey bands: fore wings with the costal 
space smeared with pale chocolate-brown, with many stria- 
tions of the same colour, these striations extending to the 
base of the wing and on the basal half of the hinder margin ; 
two duplex discal lines of the same colour, intertwined, near 
each other on the costa near the apex, gradually separating 
to the hinder margin, where the first is a little beyond the 
middle and the other near the angle: hind wings with three 
similar duplex lines, the first near the base, the second across 
the middle, and the third across the disk. Underside same 
as upperside, the lines more pronounced. 

Expanse of wings 1% inch. 

Silchar, Cachar. 


Rhodoneura mollicellalis, u0Vv. 


g. Palpi, frons, head, and collar bright chestnut-red ; 
body and wings of a unifurm ochreous fawn-colour ; abdomen 
with the penultimate segment white, the ultimate black, the 
anal tuft white: both wings evenly irrorated and striated 
with minute pale black marks ; a pale subapical mark on the 
costa of fore wings, with two pure white spots obliquely 
below it, these black dots in a line near the outer margin 
above vein 5; some black dots in the centre and near outer 
margin of hind wings; cilia of both wings dull chestnut- 
red. Underside paler and more ochreous, the white costal 
subapical spots on the fore wings confluent, forming a little 
white patch, the striations and irrorations more sparse, but 
both wings have many larger black dots ; legs white beneath. 

Expanse of wings 1,3 inch. 

Khasia Hills; a fine series. 

The three black dots above vein 5 near the outer margin 
of the fore wings are not always constant—in one example 
there are only two and in another they are all absent. 


siesta dtilaentiilieninisitt indienne 


>) | 


On Subspecies of European Shrews. 50E 


Rhodoneura turbatalis, nov. 


3. Palpi, frons, head, and collar chestnut-red ; body and 
wings pale pinkish grey ; abdomen with a brown dorsal band 
and a prominent blackish-brown spot on the penultimate 
segment, ultimate segment and anal tuft concolorous with 
the body: wings rather sparsely covered with brown even 
striations ; fore wings with the outer half suffused with 
brown, except for a small space on the hinder margin beyond 
the middle ; hind wings with a broad suffused brown medial 
band ; a triangular ochreous-white patch on the costa near 
the apex, including two small brown costal spots ; a black 
dot above vein 5 near the outer margin ; marginal line brown ; 
cilia on fore wings ochreous, with brown patches; cilia on the 
hind wings ochreous brown, without patches. Underside as 
above, but the ground-colour is nearly white and there is no 
band on the hind wings; legs concolorous with the body, 
without markings. 

Expanse of wings 1,% inch. 

Khasia Hills ; a fine series. : 

Both the above are allied to R. atripunctalis, Walker, 
from Java, but are quite distinct. 


Family Hydrocampida. 


Piletocera chrysorycta. 
Semvoceros chrysorycta, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 320. 
Nacoleia contingens, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 273, pl. clxxix. fig. 8 
(1885). 

Meyrick’s type came from Duaringa, Queensland, Moore’s 
from Ceylon: I have it from both localities and also from 
Sarawak, and I cannot see how they can be separated ; they 
have not a character which is not common to both. 


LXV.—WNotes on Subspecies of European Shrews (Sorex and 
Neomys). By G. E. H. Barretr-HaMILton. 


In continuation of my studies of European and British 
Mammalia in the British Museum of Natural History I find 
amongst the shrews two very distinct subspecitic forms, the 
extremes of which are very clearly marked. The one a 
water, the other a common shrew, were trapped by Mr. C. G. 
Danford in the same region in the Southern Carpathians at 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol, xv. 34 


506 Mr. G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton on 


altitudes varying from 1500 to 5500 feet. They may be 
described as follows :— 


Sorex araneus carpathicus, subsp. n. 


Size—The collector’s measurements indicate an animal 
slightly smaller, but with relatively longer tail, than S.araneus 
itypicus of Britain. 

Colour in winter above from base of tail to occiput nearly 
black, the face and sometimes the upper surface of the head 
lighter, gradually becoming brown on the flanks; below, in- 
cluding inner surfaces of all four legs, dirty light yellow or 
brown, the colour of the upperside encroaching considerably 
upon the belly. Line of ‘demarcation moderately distinct, 
running on each side from a point between angle of mouth 
and nose to the shoulders, thence to the thighs and base of 
the tail, dividing inner and outer surfaces of all four legs to 
the wrists and ankles. Hidden portions of the hair every- 
where blackish slate. 

Tail bicoloured, the upper surface near “ bistre ” *, the 
lower between “ isabella color” and “ drab.” 

Feet between “ prout’s brown” and ‘ hair-brown.” 

A single specimen in partial summer coat is near grizzled 
“ mummy-brown” above, below yellower than specimens in 
winter coat. 


Dimensions in millimetres of nine Specimens. 


Head and 
body. Tail. Hind foot. Ear. 
Maximum 4.2.57... 70 47 14 7 
MGA fn a Petes 67:1 45:2 12°66 5°33 
Minimum ... eae 56 4] i a 
Mean of 162 British] - ae ; 
ed 72 3875 128 76 


I am unable to distinguish the skull from that of British 
shrews. 

Hab. UHatzeg, Transylvania, Southern Carpathians, at 
altitudes of 1500-5500 feet. 

Type (a female), no. 3. 2. 2. 4 of British Museum Collec- 
tion, taken at Hatzeg, 30th November, 1902, altitude 5500 
feet. Dimensions:—Head and body 64 mm., tail 46, hind 
foot 13, ear 7. 

This is an interesting mountain-form of ‘ saturated ” 


* Names of colours placed in inverted commas are taken from 
Mr. Robert Ridgway’s ‘ Nomenclature of Colors,’ 1886, 


a 


Subspectes of European Shrews. 507 


coloration, conspicuously darker than British or Scandinavian 
forms of S. araneus, and lacking the markedly tricoloured 
arrangement prevalent in specimens from the continental 


plain. 


Neomys fodiens naias, subsp. n. 


Size.—The collector’s measurements indicate an animal of 
about the same size as the British form, but with slightly 
longer tail and larger ears and feet. 

Colour above near black, sometimes with a tuft of whitish 
hairs just behind each ear; below glossy or silvery “ cream,’ 
sometimes almost white; line of demarcation distinct, its 
course as in the Sorex described above. Hidden portions of 
the hairs above “ blackish slate,’ below lighter and almost 
approaching “ plumbeous.” 

Tail bicoloured similarly to the body and with inferior 
“keel ” of whitish hairs. 

Feet dusky to silvery grey, the inner surfaces darker: soles 
nearly black, thickly fringed with whitish hairs. 


Dimensions in millimetres of ten Specimens. 


Head and 
body. Tail. Hind foot. Ear. 
Maxamnum:> 2% 4 5)02 Cok 84 66 20 7 
Moanin space. tor. HAL 60°7 188 6:6 
MANE eee se 68 56 18 5 


Mean of i British 5-4 53:27 71 4 
specimens. 

The skull has a basilar length of 18 to 20 mm. ; as com- 
pared with skulls of British specimens, the rostral region is 
somewhat more attenuated and the upper canine somewhat 
more conspicuous. 

Hab, UHatzeg, Transylvania, Southern Carpathians, at 
altitudes of 1500 to 2000 feet. 

Type (a female), no. 3.11.8. 11 of British Museum Collec- 
tion, taken at Nechesh Galben, Hatzeg, 3rd November, 1902, 
altitude 2000 feet. Dimensions:—Head and body 79 mm., 
tail 66, hind foot 19, ear 7. 

This beautiful water-shrew far excels the British form in 
brilliancy and contrast of coloration. Nearly all the conti- 
nental water-shrews which I have been able to examine are 
of more silvery-white tints on the under surface than the 
British, but the Transylvanian seems to present an extreme 
of the series. 

The specimens in the British Museum ee that the 


508 Dr. C. I. Forsyth Major on 


common shrew of the continental plain is subspecifically 
distinct from the representatives of the species occurring in 
Britain, Scandinavia, or in the mountain-ranges of Europe. 
The latter are dully coloured forms, whereas the shrew of the 
plain is a large brilliantly tricoloured form, having a band of 
intermediate colour interposed on the flanks between the 
colours of the upper and under surfaces. The appropriate 
subspecific name for the shrew of the plains would appear to 
be S. tetragonurus, Zimmermann (Geog. Gesch. Ke. ii. p. 383, 
1780), while Mr. Miller has bestowed on two mountain forms 
the subspecific names of alticola (from Switzerland) and 
euronotus (from the Pyrenean foot-hills)—see Proc. Biol. Soc. 
Wash., April 25, 1901, pp. 41-45. 

Since the dull coloration of the British water-shrew entitles 
it to subspecifie rank, it should be known as Neomys fodiens 
ciliatus (Sowerby), Brit. Misc. t. xlix. p. 103 (1805). 


LX VI.—Notes on European Species of the Subgenus Pitymys 
(Genus Microtus). By Dr. C. I. ForsyrH Masor. 


1. Microtus (Pitymys) duodecimcostatus (Selys). 


Arvicola duodecimcostatus, De Selys-Longchamps, Rey. Zool., Année 
1839, p. 8; id. Etudes de Micromammalogie (Liége, 1839), p. 110, 
pl. iil. fig. 4 des. 

This species rests on two skeletons, both presenting the 
anomaly of twelve (instead of thirteen) ribs, which De Selys 
considered to be a specific character. One of the skeletons 
is from the neighbourhood of Geneva (‘des environs de 
Genéve”) ; De Selys had received it from the well-known 
Geneva paleontologist Professor Pictet de la Rive: the 
second skeleton, in the Paris Museum, is from the neigh- 
bourhood of Montpellier. The former, being the first 
mentioned in both theabove-quoted papers, must be considered 
the type of “ Arvicola duodecimcostatus.”’ 

The specimen from Montpellier was, in 1854, identified 
by Z. Gerbe as the “ Arvicola incertus, Selys,’ from 
Southern France, and is therefore a Pitymys. “Il y a, 
sous tous les rapports, une si parfaite similitude entre la 
téte osseuse de lA. incertus et celle du squelette & douze 
paires de cdtes, que le Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Paris 
tient de M. Olivier, sous le nom de Mus (Arvicola) economus, 
que je mhésite pas a identifier ce prétendu Mus w@conomus 


European Species of the Subgenus Pitymys. 509 


i lA. incertus; or, comme ce squelette est rapporté 
par M. de Selys-Longchamps 4 son 4d. duodecimcostatus, il 
s’ensuit que cette espéce, dont on ne connaissait que la char- 
pente osseuse, n’est qu'un A. incertus, offrant la singuliére 
anomalie de n’avoir que douze paires de cdtes et douze ver- 
tébres dorsales an lieu de treize .. .” * 

The Geneva skeleton agreeing, according to what De Selys 
had originally asserted, in every respect with the one from 
Montpellier, Gerbe concluded further that ‘A. incertus” occurs 
also in the neighbourhood of Geneva; in a postscriptum to 
his memoir, however, he states as follows :—‘‘ M. de Selys- 
Longchamps, dans une lettre en date du 24 juillet dernier, 
me dit avoir reconnu que le squelette dA. duodecimcostatus 
qui lui vient de Genéve se rapporte a lA. Baillonii, et n’est 
par conséquent point semblable, comme il l’avait avancé dans 
ses Ktudes de Micromammalogie, 4 celui du Muséum 
d’histoire naturelle de Paris. Dés que cette similitude 
n’existe pas, il n’y a plus lieu de supposer que le Campagnol 
incertain doive se trouver dans les environs de Genéve” +. 

What, in 1854, De Selys may have meant by “ Arvicola 
Baillonii”’ it is difficult to guess, but it does not matter 
much. Blasius has “Arvicola duodecimcostatus” as asynonym 
of the Microtus arvalis t, and is herein followed by 
V. Fatio §. 

The upper and side views of the skull of the Geneva 
skeleton are represented in the figure 4 dis (pl. 111.) of the 
‘Micromammalogie.’ In the great depth of the skull, back- 
ward from the rostrum, its longitudinal arching, and the 
subeylindrical shape of the brain-case it shows so unmis- 
takably the characteristic form of the skull of Microtus 
“incertus” from Southern France, so well described by 
Gerbe ||, that we may safely consider the skeleton to be that 
of aspecies of Pitymys, either identical with the M. “incertus” 
as described and figured by Gerbe, or else very nearly related 
to it; so that the two skeletons of “ Arvicola duodecim- 
costatus’’ may, after all, be one and the same species. 

In Fatio’s ‘Campagnols du Bassin du Léman’ no Pitymys 
is recorded ; in the same writer’s ‘Faune des Vertébrés de 
la Suisse’ the only Pitymys mentioned from Switzerland is 


* Rey. et Mag. de Zool. (2) vi. pp. 870, 371 (1854). 

t+ Op. cit. p. 608. 

{ J. H. Blasius, ‘Naturgesch. d. Séugethiere Deutschlands . . .,’ p. 379 
1857). 
§ V. Fatio, ‘ Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse,’ i. p, 284 (1869). 

| Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2) vi. pp. 368, 369, pl. x1. figs. 1 & 2 (1854). 


510 Dr. C. I. Forsyth Major on 


the Microtus (Pitymys) Savii, discovered by Pavesi above 
Lugano in the Canton Tessin *, 

When series of complete specimens of both the Microtus 
duodecimcostalus and the “ Arvicola incertus” of Southern 
France are to hand a direct comparison will be possible. 
According to Gerbe the habitat of ‘A. incertus” is the 
whole of Provence and Languedoc, part of the Roussillon 
and of the Dauphiné +. In the Basses-Alpes, according 
to the same writer, it is common in the natural meadows 
with southern exposure up to a height of almost 2000 
metres ¢. Gerbe does not state in what part of this extensive 
region the specimen or specimens described by him were 
obtained. 

Concerning the specific name “incertus”: even if the 
Geneva specimen proved to be different specifically from the 
Southern France form described by Gerbe, the name cannot 
be retained for the latter unless it could be shown to be 
identical with a species from the St. Gothard (Switzerland), 
for which it was originally used by De Selys. At the Second 
Congress of Italian Scientists convened in Turin in Sept. 
1840, De Selys declared “ Arvicola incertus” to be a species 
provisionally founded on two specimens from the summit of 
St. Gothard, which are said to differ from A. Savii by larger 
size, more robust feet, and more yellowish coloration of the 
skin§. He is more explicit in a communication made at 


* V. Fatio, Faune Vert. Suisse, iii. App. pp. vii-ix.—Quite recently 
(Arch. Se. Phys. et Nat. (4) xix. pp. 188-198, 1905) Dr. Fatio has 
made remarks upon Microtus (Pitymys) subterraneus, De Selys, from 
Switzerland. The specimens from the majority of Swiss localities are 
somewhat hesitatingly referred to a new subspecies or variety, multiple. 
I shall have to take this paper more fully into consideration in a future 
note, and wish only to mention here that I find myself in disagreement 
with Dr. Fatio in what he considers to be the cranial characters 
of typical M. subterraneus in specimens from “ France ” :—“ Face 
supérieure de la boite cranienne subarrondie et assez large en arriére, 
avec recouvrement plutot étroit de loccipital.” This applies well to 
the members of the duodecimcostatus group (in which, however, the 
m® has invariably three internal angles), whereas typical swbterraneus 
skulls from Belgium, at my disposal, agreeing with the fig. 2 bis, pl. iii. 
of the ‘ Micromammalogie,’ have precisely the characters assigned to the 
new subspecies. Unless Dr. Fatio had before him a new, and as yet 
undescribed form from some part of France, his supposed typical swb- 
terranei may be specimens of a species of the duodecimcostatus group 
in which, for one reason or other, the pattern of the m® cannot be 
made out. 

+ Rey. et Mag. de Zool. (2) vi. pp. 607, 608 (1854), 

t Ibid. (2) iv. p. 809 (1852). 

§ Atti Seconda Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Torino 
nel Settembre del 1840,’ p. 225 (Turin, 1841). 


«ae 


| 


poutine 


ye 


European Species of the Subgenus Pitymys. 511 


Zurich in the following year :—‘ Arvicola incertus (Selys). 
Campagnol incertain.—Je signalerai cette espéce nouvelle 
sur un individu du musée de Zurich, pris dans son nid par 
monsieur le prof. Schinz, pres de Phospice du St. Gothard, 
i plus de 6000 pieds d’élévation. Elle y avait formé un 
magasin composé de racines du saule des Alpes. Il] ressemble, 
par ses oreilles excessivement courtes, & VP Arvicola Savii 
(Selys), espéce qui se trouve dans toute Italie; mais il est 
d’un pelage jaunatre, & peu pres comme l’arvalis. Ses pieds 
a ongles robustes et ses oreilles sont notablement velus, et sa 
taille est comme celle des grands exemplaires de larvalis. 
Si ce n’est pas une espéce distincte, c’est l Arvicola Savii 
qwil faudrait alors inscrire dans la faune helvétique.— 
Monsieur Baillon (d’Abbeville) posséde un exemplaire de 
V Arvicola incertus, provenant des environs de Toulon. Il est 
semblable 4 celui du musée de Zurich” *. 

The specimen from the St. Gothard described by De Selys 
was alluded to by Schinz himself in 1837 as a Microtus 
arvalis :—“ Hypudeus arvalis.—Sie legt auf Ebenen und 
Bergen Magazine an. Schinz fing diese Maus auf der 
héchsten Hoéhe des Gotthardtpasses in den ersten Tagen des 
August.— —Hier legen sie fiir ihre Grésse betrachtliche 
Magazine von verschiedenen Wurzelarten an, welche man im 
Friihling oft noch in grossen runden Haufen angehauft 
findet. Diese Wurzeln, von denen man wenigstens drei 
Arten unterscheiden kann, sind mit Grashalmen vermischt. 
Auf dem Gotthardt suchen arme Kinder sie begierig auf und 
essen diese Wurzeln” fF. 

In his ‘ Synopsis’ Schinz expressly states that this specimen 
is distinct from his “ Hypudeus rufescente fuscus, syn. H. 
rufo-fuscus, Schinz,” discovered by Nager lower down, in the 
Urserenthal f. 

The specimen from the St. Gothard is again mentioned 
by De Selys as Arvicola incertus in 1843, together with 
specimens from Saint-Zacharie (Var) and from Montpellier §. 
In his writings of the following years the St. Gothard 
gradually drops out from the habitat of the “A. incertus,” 
and in 1847 the name Arvicola Baillonii, which had already 
done service twice and had been twice relegated to synonymy 


* Edm. de Selys-Longchamps, “Note sur les Campagnols (Arvicola) 
de la Suisse,” Verh. Schweiz. rat. Ges, 26te Vers, Ziirich, p. 188 
1841). 
: 4) mena Helvetica. Wirbelthiere von Prof. Schinz,’ Neue Denkschr. 
allg. Schweiz. Ges. f. d. ges. Naturw. i. pp. 21, 22 (1857). 

{ H. Schinz, Syn. Mammalium, ii. p. 240, footn. (1845). 

§ Rev. Zool. vi. pp. 180, 131 (1843). 


512 Dr. C. I. Forsyth Major on 


—of M. agrestis* and of M. arvalis +,—is revived for the 
St. Gothard form {, and, as stated above, in 1854 is applied 
to the type of M. duodecimcostatus. 

To sum up: both the specimens on which rests the “ Arvi- 
cola duodecimcostatus, Ide Selys,’ are to be assigned—the 
type on the strength of the figured skull, the Montpellier 
specimen on the authority of Gerbe—to a characteristic 
group of the subgenus Pitymys, represented by various 
species from Southern France (also from the Pyrenean 
Peninsula and.from Montenegro). If the type specimen of 
Microtus duodecimcostatus is not forthcoming, we must await 
the rediscovery of this species in the neighbourhood of Geneva 
before deciding whether it is or is not specifically identical with 
the one from Montpellier. In any case the name duodecim- 
costatus (1839) antedates the name incertus (1840), the latter, 
moreover, referring originally to some specimen from 
St. Gothard, considered by De Selys to be nearly related to 
M. Savii, but which from its size seems rather to be some 
form of the M. arvalis group. 


2. Microtus (Pitymys) lusitanicus (Gerbe). 


Arvicola (Microtus) lusitanicus, Z. Gerbe, Rev. Mag. Zool. (38) vii. 
pp. 44, 46, 47 (1879); id. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, v. p. 56 (1880). 

There would be some justification for ignoring the above 
specific name proposed by Gerbe, since, according to his own 
declaration, the species has not been described, but only 
“signalée ” ; moreover, the two characters which were made 
known, viz. small size of the animal—“ taille iniérieure 2 
celle de toutes les espéces qui vivent en France” §—and 
reduced condition of the middle outer triangle of m’, apply 
equally well to two distinct species of the Western Pyrenean 
Peninsula, the one from Galicia, the other from Cintra and 
presumably other parts of Portugal. Since the former may 
or may not occur likewise in the northern districts of 
Portugal, whereas the skull on which the species A. lusi- 
tanicus rests is from Portugal, I adopt this name for a species 


* De Selys-Longchamps, Faune Belge, i. (Liéze, 1842) p. 36, 

+ De Selys-Longchamps, in ‘ Atti Sesta Riun. Scienz. Ital. tenuta in 
Milano,’ 1844, p. 319 (Milan, 1845). 

t Rey. Zool. x. pp. 308, 509 (1847). When alluding to the name 
A. Baillonii and to “the Swiss specimen of Schinz” (‘Saugethiere 
Deutschlands,’ p. 884) Blasius was not aware that at the Congress of Turin 
and in the ‘ Faune Belge’ this name was applied to a specimen from the 
Canton Zurich, and in 1847 to quite another specimen (the one from the 
St. Gothard), both colleeted by Prof. Schinz. 

§ Rev. Mag. Zool. (8) vii. p. 44, footnote 1 (1879). 


European Species of the Subgenus Pitymys. 513 


represented in the Natural History Museum by fourteen 
specimens collected at Cintra by Mrs. Mary and Mr. Oldfield 
Thomas. Mrs. Thomas not only assists her husband during 
his collecting-trips, but science is further indebted to her for 
helping in the arrangement of the collections of skulls of 
small mammals in the Natural History Museum; | have 
therefore associated her name with the species from Galicia 
described further on. 

Microtus lusitanicus belongs to the same group as M. duo- 
decimcostatus, as revealed by the arched upper contour of 
its skull, its deep, subeylindrical brain-case, the backward 
shelving of its occipital, its protruding upper incisors, and 
the absence of closed triangles in m’, the middle outer 
triangle of which is much reduced. The characters of the 
skull and of the incisors are somewhat less pronounced 
than in the larger species of the group. Those of m* con- 
versely are very well marked: out of the fourteen specimens 
only in three is the reduction of the middle triangle not so 
marked as usual—in one (no. 98.2. 2. 49) this occurs on 
both sides, in two (nos. 98. 2. 2.41 and 47) on the right side 
only. The fusion of the two middle (outer and inner) 
triangles, leading to the formation of a transverse loop and 
consequently to the absence of any closed triangle in this 
tooth, is constant in all the fourteen specimens. 

The development of a supplemental triangle on m?, more 
rarely on m! also, which is a characteristic feature in adult 
specimens of several species of the subgenus, is of rather 
exceptional occurrence in the members of the duodecim- 
costatus group. Out of the fourteen specimens of the present 
species only two exhibit this pentamerodont character. In 
one (no. 98. 2. 2.37) the supplemental triangle is padereiely 
developed on both the m’, in the other (no. 98. 2. 2. 47) it is 
more conspicuous and a beginning of a similar development 
is visible also on the right m’. 

Coloration.—Above “‘bistre’’*, some specimens approaching 
more to “ broccoli-brown.”’ The bistre-coloured are 
““smoke-grey ” below, with a more or less admixture of 
“buff”? in those approaching to ‘‘ broccoli-brown” in the 
upper parts. (All the specimens from Cintra are of a 
decidedly darker coloration above than that exhibited in 
another species of the M. duodecimcostatus group from the 
neighbourhood of Seville. The largest of these, represented 
by numerous specimens in the Natural History Museum, 


* For names of colours placed in inverted commas see Rh. Ridgway, 
‘4 Nomenclature of Colors tor Naturalists ’ (Boston, 1886). 


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European Species of the Subgenus Pitymys. 515 


attain the dimensions of M. ibericus (Gerbe). Their colora- 
tion is above “ bistre,’ with a tinge of “isabella colour,” 
below grey with a strong admixture of “ buff, a7) 

Four inguinal mamme (two on each side) and five foot- 
pads on the hind sole were noted in the fresh specimens by 
the collector. 


3. Microtus (Pitymys) Thomasi, Barrett-Ham.* 


The skull of this large species, from Montenegro, bears 
little resemblance to that of M. Savii, and is the very 
converse of the very low skull of M. subterraneus ; it agrees 
in its general features with the members of the M. duodecim- 
costatus group, and likewise in the character of the pro- 
truding upper incisors. In the pattern of m’ there is a 
tendency towards formation of closed triangles, and the 
middle outer triangle, with the exception of one specimen 
(no. 1), is scarcely reduced. Taking the specimens one by 
oue, m’ exhibits the following characters :— 

Collector’s no. 85, ad. 9.—No closed triangles ; middle 
outer triangle scarcely reduced. 

Collector’s no. 16,ad. ¢ .—Outer and inner middle triangles 
almost closed. 

Collector’s no. 1, ad. ¢.—The outer and inner middle 
triangles are closed on the right side ; on the left they are 
confluent, forming a transverse loop. Middle outer triangle 
reduced. 

Collector’s no. 86, young ad. ¢ .—No closed triangles. 


4, Microtus (Pitymys) Marie, sp. un. 


This delicate species is represented in the Natural History 
Museum by seven spirit-specimens (B.M. nos. 94. 1.1. 16 and 
17; 94.3.19.6-8; 95.4. 29.4 and 5) from Viilalva, Prov. 
Lugo, Galicia, presented by the late Dr. V. L. Seoane. 

Coloration —The specimens, which have been nine years in 
spirit, show in the adult the upper parts of a brown tinged 
with “raw umber” ; the lower parts are of a shining “ buif.” 

Compared with the members of the duodecimcostatus 
group this form has a narrower, more elongate, rather 
flattened, low brain-case; zygomata less spreading ; upper 
iucisors not protruding. ” Apart from its smaller size, the 
skull resembles that of Microtus Savii, exaggerating some- 
what the latter’s characteristic outline ; the upper contour 
represents an even straighter line, with more abruptly 


* Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. p. 3806 (1903). 


516 Mr. R. J Pocock on the Preorbital Pit in the 


shelving nasals. The lateral palatal grooves are deep in the 
adult. Third upper molar without any closed triangles and 
with the middle outer triangle much reduced; this tooth 
shows therefore the characteristic pattern of the duodecim- 
costatus group. 


Four inguinal mammze.—Five foot-pads on the hind sole. 


Dimensions (in millim.), taken from spirit-specimens. 


Head and Hind 
body. Tail. foot. Far. 
B.M. no. 95.4.29.5 (adult d).... 84 25 145 75 
B.M. no. 94.3.19.8 (young gd) .. 73 24 13 i) 


Dimensions of the Skull. 


Greatest length ............ 22:9 20'5 204 21 
Basia length 4.30 oi ate = ote 19°8 se Aa a, 18 
Length of nasals .. .. ..... 6 6 55 58 

- upper molar series. 6 55 5°38 55 

=n lower ,, pie bie! 25) 5A 5:7 54 
Zygomatic breadth.......... 14 12°6 12:4 125 
Mastoid breadth. .......... 10 9°7 10-2 
Height at occipital.......... 6 53 ob 
Height between bulla and 

occipital .. Pies vat 8 7 75 8:7 
Fronto-palatal height........ 8 6:8 7 75 


Type specimen, B.M. no. 94. 1. 1.16, young adult 9 
(spirit-specimen). Villalva, Lugo, Galicia (N.W. Spain). 


LXVII.—On the Preorbital Pit in the Skulls of Domestic 
Horses and Quaggas. By R. I. Pocock, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 
Superintendent of the Zoological Society’s Gardens. 


In the ‘ Annals’ for last November (p. 317), when criticising 
Mr. Lydekker’s statements and opinions with regard to the 
presence of a preorbital pit upon the skulls of horses and 
quaggas and the systematic value claimed for it, I remarked 
that its known occurrence in two true quaggas’ skulls would 
to a certain extent justify a provisional generalisation as 
to its constancy in that animal, were it not that this pit 
belongs to the category of characters which are likely to 
appear sporadically as atavisms and are therefore, from the 
systematic standpoint, open to suspicion on the score of 
inconstaney; and I added that ‘such characters are of 


My 


Skulls ef Domestic Herses and Quaggas. 517 


doubtful value as a basis for the formation of natural groups, 
for functionless vestiges have seldom much importance in 
taxonomy.” This was written on the assumption of the 
correctness of the claim that the depression is the remains 
or Mise a of the much larger pit which, in more archaic 
forms, e. g. Hipparion, lodged, it is held, a facial gland com- 
parable to that of Cervide. My conclusion as to the 
systematic value of the character in question was, and still 
remiins, I believe, quite sound, although I do not think the 
hypothesis that has been put forward as to its significance 
can be accepted as substantiated by the facts ; and, until we 
get further evidence on the point, I incline to the view that 
Sir William Flower was probably right in saying that no 
trace of the preorbital depression seen in the skull of 
Hipparion is to be found [in the adults] of any of the existing 
species of Equide. 

For the purpose of testing the frequency of the presence 
of this depression in horses and of ascertaining, if possible, 
by rough dissection, if any gland be discoverable over the 
spot, I examined this area of the skull in several horses 
slaughtered in the Zoological Society’s Gardens for food. 

My methods of investigation were not precise enough to 
justify a denial of the existence of a vestige of a gland ; but 
Waited to detect any difference between “the subcutaneous 
tissue overlying the depression when it was present and that 
overlying the corresponding area of the skull when it was 
absent. As for the depression itself, it 1s sometimes present, 
but more often absent: it exhibits, indeed, every gradation 
between a hollow perceptible to the eye and touch and a 
perfectly flat bony surface. From this hollow or from the 
corresponding area of the skull arises a long muscle which 
passes forwards to supply the upper lip and nose; and [| 
believe that its sole significance is to give an increase of 
surface for the attachment of muscular fibres. If this be so, 
variation in the extent to which the depression may be 
developed is exactly what would be expected. 

It is possible, but hardly, I think, probable, that the very 
large preorbital pit in Hipparion was also an area for muscular 
attachment. Its appearance and structure suggest no such 
function; and there is practically nothing in the formation 
of the naso-premaxillary region of the skull pointing to the 
possession by this extinct equine of a larger or more flexible 
upper lip, requiring an increased muscular supply, than is 
found in recent members of the family. 

On the other hand, a comparison between casts of the 
skulls of Hipparion and Onohippidium forcibly suggests that 


518 Geological Society. 


the facial pits in these two genera are homologous structures, 
despite their difference in position. The pit of Onohippidium 
is larger even than that of Hipparion and lies higher on the 
face, in correlation with the extremely elevated fronto-nasal 
region of the skull. But in both the casts of the skull 
of the former genus that I have seen there may be noticed, 
a little below and in front of the orbit, an additional, 
quite shallow depression, forcibly recalling, both in position 
and development, the preorbital muscular depression that 
exists in some skulls of recent Equide. 

This pit is well developed in the skull of the quagga in 
the British Museum, and is also shown, as Dr. Forsyth 
Major has pointed out, in the drawing of a quagga’s skull 
published by de Blainville. From these two data Mr. 
Lydekker felt justified in concluding that it is a constant 
characteristic of quaggas’ skulls ; and, believing in its absence 
from the skulls of Burchell’s Zebras, he went a step further 
and used the character as a basis for separating specifically 
the Quaggas from the Burchell Zebras. This latter opinion 
was easily refuted by the demonstration of the presence of 
the pit in a skull of a specimen of Grant’s race of Burchell’s 
Zebra: and I am now in a position to state that the con- 
clusion as to the constancy of the occurrence of the pit in 
quaggas’ skulls was also too hastily established ; for in the 
Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons there are skulls 
of two stallion quaggas, and in neither of them is a trace of 
the depression perceptible *. 


PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES, 
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 


January 4th, 1905.—J. E. Marr, Sc.D., F.R.S., 
Pion in the Cie! 


The following communication was read :— 


‘The Marine Beds in the Coal-Measures of North Stafford- 
shire” By John T. Stobbs, Esq., F.G.8. With Notes on their 
Palzontology by Wheelton Hind, M.D., B.S., F.R.C.S., F.G.S. 


Owing to the disposition of the rocks and other causes, the 
stratigraphical position of the marine beds can be located with 
exactness in situ, and a large quantity of material can be obtained 
for examination. The horizons can be utilized for the identification 
of coal-seams and for the subdivision of the Coal-Measures, as they 
are remarkably persistent, and can be frequently traced not only 


* IT am indebted to Mr. R. H. Burne for the opportunity of examining 
these two skulls and also casts of the skulls of Hipparcon and Ono- 
hippidium. 


Geological Society. 519 


over the North Staffordshire field but in adjacent coalfields. The 
known horizons at which marine fossils have been obtained are the 
following, given in descending order :— 
11. The roof of the Bay or Lady Coal. 
10. The Priorsfield Tronstone-Measures. 
9. The Speedwell and Nettlebank Bed. | Below the Twist or 
8, The Florence Colliery-Band. Gin-Mine Coal. 
7. Above the Moss Coal. 
6. The roof of the Moss Cannel or Single 2-foot Coal. 
5. Above the 7-foot Banbury Coal. 
1. Beneath the 4-foot Coal of Cheadle. 
3. The Knypersley Band. 
2. Near the Crabtree Coal (three horizons). 
l 


And also 1. The Weston-Sprink Bed. 


A map of the distribution of these beds is given, each one is 
described in detail, and a list of fossils found from the various 
exposures is tabulated. The Speedwell and Nettlebank Bed appears 
to be the most important marine bed in the coalfield ; it is remark- 
ably rich in species and individuals, and occurs in the upper portion 
of the true Coal-Measures. Further, it proves the identity of the 
Twist coal of the Norton area with the Gin Mine of Longton. 
Lithologically, the marine beds are undistinguishable from the 
beds with which they are interstratified; but the fossils are 
usually in a good state of preservation and not confined to one 
particular bedding-plane ; the individuals are likewise numerous, 
The marine mollusca are, however, sharply separated from the 
freshwater forms, and no intermingling occurs. It is remarkable 
that several of the marine shales immediately succeed the coal- 
seams. A detailed table of the beds in North Staffordshire is 
given, to show the exact position of the marine beds; and then 
several of the seams are traced into the Yorkshire, Lancashire, 
South Staffordshire, and Coalbrookdale fields. This tracing 
confirms the conclusion that the Hard Bed of Yorkshire is to 
be correlated with the Bullion coal of Lancashire and the Crabtree 
coal of North Staffordshire. Again, ‘Green’s marine bed’ at 
Ashton-under-Lyme coincides with the Gin-Mine horizon of North 
Staffordshire; and this, again, with the Pennystone of South 
Staffordshire and Shropshire. Further, the marine beds indicate 
the approximate identity of the Silkstone, Arley-Mine, and 
Cockshead seams. A bibliography is appended. 

Dr. Hind, in his Notes on the Paleontology, remarks that from 
the base of the Pendleside Series to the top of the Coal-Measures 
there is an unbroken succession of beds—at one time marine, at 
another estuarine, without unconformity. The two faunas—one 
with Carbonicola, Anthracomya, and Naiadites, the other with 
Pterinopecten papyraceus and cephalopoda—occur in irregular 
alternations, the two faunas never mingling. The Author proceeds 
to give notes on the occurrence of many of the species, and 
descriptions of some of them, including examples not hitherto 
known from Britain and one new to science. A table indicating 
the distribution of the species throughout the chief English Coal- 
fields concludes the paper. 


520 Miscellaneous. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


An overlooked Work. 


In 1871 or 1872 there was published, by authority of the Lords 
Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, at Southampton, a work 
entitled ‘Ordnance Survey of the Peninsula of Sinai. In three 
parts.’ Part I. is a folio of iv+-3238 pp. and 20 plates, and contains 
zoological matter which has apparently been overlooked, or at any 
rate has not been referred to, in any Record or Catalogue of 
Zoology that I am acquainted with, viz. :— 

“XI. Zoology: Part 1. Notes on the Mammals and Avifauna 
of the Peninsula.” By Cravpe W. Wrarr. Pp. 251-262, plates 
Xiv.—xx. 

“Part 2. List of the Coleoptera found during the Progress of 
the Survey.” By G. R. Crorcu. Pp. 263-268. 

*“ Part 3. Notes on Diatomacee.” By Epwarp T. Wrutsoy. 
Pp. 269-272. 

There are other interesting subjects in the work, e.g. ‘“X. Plants 
of the Peninsula.” By Dr. J. D. Hooxerr. 

As regards the Zoology, I am informed by Professor Newton 
that a list entitled ‘‘ Notes on the Birds of the Peninsula of Sinai” 
was published by Mr. Wyatt in ‘The Ibis’ for 1870, pp. 1-18. 
On reference I find that this paper makes no allusion to the author's 
larger work on the subject nor to the plates therein. 

Mr. Crotch’s contribution is a list of 128 species of Coleoptera, of 
which the following are new:—Saprinus sinaiticus; Pachydema sina- 
itica, israelitica, and nocturna: p. 266. P.? sancta; Erodius sinaiti- 
cus and ecostatus; Adesmia Drakii, sinaiteca; Tentyria Palmeri: 
p- 267. Sepidium korah, dathan, and abiram; Tychius sinaiticus ; 
Chrysomela sanguineo-cincta : p. 268. 

I have found the types of all these species in Mr. Crotch’s collec- 
tion, now in the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge. 

Mr. Wilson’s notes on the Diatomacez do not include any new 
species. 

The titlepage of this work bears date 1869, but the preface is 
dated Oct. 31st, 1871, and this Zoology was therefore probably not 
published till 1872. 

A copy of the work was presented to the University Library, 
Cambridge, by the Rt. Hon. the First Commissioner of H.M. 
Works; and I am much indebted to our University Librarian, 
Dr. F. J. H. Jenkinson, for finding it for me, when the only clue I 
could give him was a reference about Mr. Crotch’s types contained 
in the archives of our Museum. D. Smarr. 


University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, 
March 22nd, 1906. 


THE ANNALS 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
[SEVENTH SERIES.] 


No. 90. JUNE 1905. 


LXVIII.—Some Bees of the Genus Melissodes from the 
Rocky Mountain Region. By T. D. A. Cockerett. 


Tue following table separates a series of comparatively 
large females, all 12 mm. or more in length :— 


Hair on inner side of basal joint of hind tarsi 
Blaels Or ans pred aiid «is laka > paiabse ; 
Hair on inner side of basal joint of hind tarsired. 4, 
1. Smaller, with more convex, black, very shiny 
abdomen; hair of labrum pale reddish; 
middle of thorax above naked; eyes pale 
ARISE SONI Tae RAG ne. 5 Sn See Rao Oe 
Larger, with flatter, less conspicuously shining 
abdomen; pubescence of thorax more : 
OEHNEOUS: sole vais scratched (ake eifolecs's 2. 


glenwoodensis, Ckll. 


2. Hair on labrum pale; thorax hairy, or over- 
lapped with hairs, in middle above; eyes 
pale reddish ; abdomen conspicuously banded. Mizee, Ckll. 
Hair of labrum dark or brownish............ 3. 
3. Smaller, hair of pleura all light ............ blakei, Ckll. 
Larger, ‘hair of lower part of pleura dark .... chrysothamni, Ckll. 
4, Size very large ; facial quadrangle not broader 
than long ni OU ch cid ote SOc PIE Te een helianthelli, Ckll.*. 


* The following characters are also useful:— 
Wings strongly yellowish; stigma entirely 


ferruginous. 
Second “submar. ginal cell much broader above 


than its height ama ci 2+ ol'sa’n,aliniptel sacle helianthelli. 
Second submarginal cell much narrower above 
than its height 2 2 erie ee Martini. 
Wings not strongly or not yellowish ; stigma 
with at least the lower part darkened , all the other species 


in the table 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 30 


599 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on some 


Size smaller; facial quadrangle broader than 
TOR Sins cbs alle a Bio te <i w gies Brel ls 1's ; 
. Hair of thorax above bright orange-fulvous .. 6. 
Hair of thorax above not orange-fulvous ; 
abdominal bands narrow and white ; eyes 
Palo PTOGD « anaveic'vmiwie ois Mitbinieie Mele te + elaaia elie Martini, Cll. 
6. Hair on middle abdominal segments white ..  thelypodit, Cll. 
Hair on middle abdominal segments fulvous.. Hewetti, Ckll. 


or 


Melissodes glenwoodensis, sp. n. 


9 .—Length about 12 mm: 

Shining black, with greyish-white pubescence (not at all 
fulvous or ochraceous) on head and thorax ; middle of thorax 
nude, without black hair; flagellum dark, obscurely reddened 
beneath ; hair of apex and venter of abdomen black or sooty ; 
the abundant scopa on outside of hind tibiz and tarsi 
whitish, with a strong reddish tinge. This is a species of 
the group of M. desponsa, and is very closely allied to 
M. mysops, Ckll., from which it is distinguished by the 
shorter abdomen, and particularly by the eyes distinctly 
diverging above (in mysops they are practically parallel) ; 
also by the larger and therefore less numerous punctures of 
the clypeus, the redder tegule, and the largely pale hair on 
the four anterior legs. The hind femora are clothed with 
black hair in mysops, but with light hair in glenwoodensis. 
From M. enici, Rob., the new species differs at once by the 
conspicuous white abdominal bands, narrow and widely 
interrupted on the second segment, broader and very 
narrowly interrupted on the third, and very broad and not 
or very slightly interrupted on the fourth; it also differs by 
the more shining surface, the colour of the eyes, &c. 

Hab. Glenwood Springs, Colorado, Sept. 15, 1903, “ only 
a few specimens seen” ; collected by Prof. C. P. Gillette. 

This is so close to WM. mysops that I should be inclined to 
ascribe the various little differences to variation, were it not 
for the evidently different set of the eyes. The abdomen 
appears more globose and corvex, but this is no doubt largely 
due to retraction. 


Melissodes Mizea@, sp. nu. 


9? .—Length a little over 15 mm. 

Black, robust, with a broad and rather flat abdomen ; hair 
of head and thorax long and rather silky, pale ochreous 
(quite without black) on vertex, occiput, and thoracic dorsum, 
white on face, cheeks, and under part of thorax; eyes pale 
reddish, becoming grey or blackish posteriorly ; head broad, 


Bees from the Rocky Mountain Region. 523 


facial quadrangle broader than long; front and vertex 
shining ; flagellum beyond the first joint deep ferruginous 
beneath ; clypeus densely punctured ; labrum densely covered 
with very pale ochreous hair ; mandibles stout, with a large 
orange subapical patch ; mesothorax shining, with large 
well-separated punctures posteriorly, and small closer ones 
anteriorly ; tegule very dark brown. Wings rather dusky, 
nervures dark ; first recurrent nervure entering second sub- 
marginal cell near the beginning of its last fourth. Legs 
black, with the small joints of tarsi mainly ferruginous ; 
pubescence of legs mainly pale, black on inner side of basal 
joint of middle and hind tarsi, shining more or less orange 
or reddish on inner side of anterior and middle tibix and 
anterior tarsi, grey on outer side of anterior tarsi; scopa of 
hind legs large, in the type full of orange pollen. Abdomen 
shining ; the first segment with the usual ochreous hair, the 
second with basal and median hair-bands, the third with a 
broad band, and the fourth with a broader one, covering its 
apical margin, but giving way to some black basally ; these 
abdominal bands all yellowish white; the two apical segments 
covered with purplish-black hair ; hair of venter grey-brown, 
light at extreme sides. The absence of black hair on vertex 
and thorax separates it from M. montana, confusa, grindelie, 
&e. The black hair on inner side of hind tarsi separates it 
from M. menuacha, gilensis, &e. 

Hab. Las Vegas, New Mexico, Aug. 11, 1899, at flowers 
of Grindelia inornata, Greene; collected by Miss 8. L. Mize. 


Melissodes blakei, sp. n. 


? .—Length about 14 mm. 

The abdomen narrower, and with much narrower bands, 
than that of M. Mizee ; vertex, occiput, and thoracic dorsum 
with very pale ochreous pubescence, without any black ; 
face, cheeks, and under part of thorax with white or nearly 
white hair; head broad, facial quadrangle broader than long ; 
eyes pale grey with a faint greenish tinge; flagellum, except at 
base, deep chestnut-red beneath ; labrum covered with pale 
greyish-brown (as if dirty) hair ; mandibles shining, apically 
rather slender, with an orange subapical streak; posterior 
middle of mesothorax nude, shining, with large widely 
separated punctures ; middle of scutellum also nude, with 
smaller, closer punctures; tegulz piceous, reddish posteriorly, 
Wings slightly dusky ; first recurrent nervure entering second 
submarginal cell about or before the beginning of its last third. 
Legs black, the tarsi becoming reddish apically ; hair of legs 


2A 
v0™ 


524 Mr. ‘I’. D. A. Cockerell on some 


mostly pale, but black or dark fuscous on inner side of 
middle and hind tarsi, shining fulvous on inner side of 
anterior tarsi ; scopa of hind legs abundant, in the type 
full of orange pollen. Abdomen shining, but not ex- 
cessively so, with narrow median white hair-bands on 
segments 2 to 4, and indications of a second (basal) band 
on 2; the two apical segments with dark fuscous hair; hair 
of venter dark reddish fuscous. By the colour of the hair 
on the legs and thorax &c. this resembles M. Mizee, but it 
is evidently a distinct species. In addition to the characters 
cited, the third antennal joint is shorter than that of Mizee. 
Compared with M. pallidicincta, the abdominal bands of 
blakei are narrower, the vertex is not so broad, and the black 
hair on the scutellum is lacking. The insect is considerably 
larger than M. grindelie, and otherwise different. 

Hab. Beulah, New Mexico, end of August (Cockerell). 

The name commemorates the Blake ranch, the entomological 
headquarters at Beulah during several seasons. The width 
of the abdomen of d/akei is 5 mm., of Mizee nearly 6. The 
locality of M. Mizee is in the Upper Austral zone, that of 
M. blakei in the Canadian zone. 


Melissodes chrysothamni, sp. n. 


? .—Length almost 18 mm. 

Large and robust, black, with pale ochreous pubescence, 
tinged with fulvous on scutellum and anterior part of meso- 
thorax ; without black on thoracic dorsum or vertex, or with 
a few black hairs at each extreme side of vertex, above top 
of eye; hair of labrum, lower part of pleura, base of legs, and 
ventral surface of thorax generally, black or sooty, perhaps 
best described as brown-black ; hair of venter of abdomen, 
of middle tarsi and inner side of hind ones black ; hair of legs 
generally dark, but the middle femora, anterior femora 
behind, and basal half of anterior tibiz on outer side have 
light hair in considerable quantity ; the anterior tibiz have 
dark red hair on inner side ; the copious scopa of the hind 
legs (in the specimens seen filled with orange pollen) is light. 
Abdomen dullish, broadened towards the apex; apical margin 
of first segment rather broadly reddened in one specimen, 
but not in the other; first two segments not obviously 
banded; third and fourth with dull yellowish-white hair- 
bands, that on third inclined to be interrupted, that on fourth 
very broad and entire ; bases of third and fourth segments 
with black hairs ; the two apical segments with black hair. 
Eyes silver-grey ; facial quadrangle broader than long, but 


Bees from the Rocky Mountain Region. 525 


not very greatly so; mandibles stout, simple, more or less 
reddened, the orange streak minute; clypeus densely and 
confluently punctured ; tegule very dark red-brown. Wings 
moderately dusky; first recurrent nervure joining second 
submarginal cell about the beginning of its apical fourth ; 
flagellum dark, only slightly reddened beneath. Of the 
general build and appearance of M. macheranthere, but 
easily distinguished by the black legs, dark antenne, &c. 
It is also related to M. Smithii (D.T.). 

Hab. Embudo, on the Rio Grande, New Mexico, Sept. 26, 
at flowers of Chrysothamnus, two specimens (Cockerell). 

M. comptoides, Rob., also has the pubescence of thorax with 
no black dorsally, but fuscous or black beneath ; it is a much 
smaller species (12-18 mm.) and occurs in Illinois. 


Melissodes helianthelli, sp. n. 


? .—Length almost 18 mm. 

Even more robust than M. chrysothamni, the thorax being 
larger, and the abdomen broader basally; pubescence of 
head and thorax dense, erect, pale fulvous, quite bright 
orange-fulvous on vertex (where there is no black) and 
anterior part of mesothorax, white on face and cheeks, pale 
orange on Jabrum and underside of mandibles ; pallid, but by 
no means white, on lower part of pleura and metathorax ; hind 
part of mesothorax with a rather small, strongly punctured 
exposed area, having a few black hairs ; scutellum, except the 
margins exposed, dull and densely punctured, this area fringed 
with coarse black hair; hair of legs pale fulvous, without any 
black ; the pale fulvous scopa of posterior legs very strongly 
plumose ; hair on inner side of tarsi and of hind tibiz bright 
ferruginous; small joints of tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen 
dullish; hair on first segment whitish and rather short, without 
any black (in M. chrysothamni the hair at the base of the first 
segment is strongly mixed with black); second, third, and 
fourth segments with the portions overlapped by the segment 
before covered with dense tomentum, which on the second is 
white, on the third pale ferruginous, on the fourth dark 
purplish fuscous; basal part of second segment, narrowing 
medially, with appressed white hair, apical part glittering with 
microscopic golden hairs; third and fourth segments with 

broad white hair-bands, faintly stained with yellowish, that on 
- third more or less failing in the middle, these bands separated 
from the basal tomentum in each case by a stripe of. dark 
fuscous; apical segments with the hair reddish chocolate, 
extreme base of fifth black; venter with dark reddish hair, 


526 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on some 


Facial quadrangle about square, perhaps a trifle longer than 
broad ; eyes light yellowish green ; flagellum, except at base, 
deep red beneath; mandibles stout, with a large orange 
stripe ; tegule light ferraginous. Wings strongly yellowish 
on basal half, nervures ferruginous; second submarginal 
cel) very broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure a con- 
siderable distance from its end. Differs from M. comanche, 
Cresson, by the duller abdomen, with white bands, the light 
(apricot-coloured) tegule, &c. It is a stouter insect than 
M. macheranthere, and differs in the colour of the eyes 
(pale blue-green in ? macheranthere), the dark (not red) 
scape, femora, &c. ; it is, however, closely allied. 

Hab. Mesilla, New Mexico, at flowers of the small sun- 
flower Helianthus ciliaris, June 26 (Cockerell). 


Melissodes Martini, sp. n. 


? .—Length about 135 mm. 

Black, with a broad but convex abdomen, which has a 
dullish surface; pubescence of head and thorax pale, dull 
whitish below, more ochreous above, but nowhere bright- 
coloured ; posterior part of mesothorax, and scutellum except 
hind margin, bare, these bare areas fringed with black hair, 
most abundant on scutellum laterally; bare area of meso- 
thorax shining, with large well-separated punctures, that of 
scutellum closely punctured; clypeus very densely punctured ; 
hair of labrum pale reddish; mandibles reddish in middle, 
the subapical orange streak minute; vertex with a few black 
hairs, directed forwards and easily overlooked; eyes light 
sea-green ; facial quadrangle considerably broader than long; 
flagellum, except at base, dark red beneath; tegule dark, 
posterior part reddened. Wings strongly yellowish smoky 
throughout ; first recurrent nervure joming second submar- 
ginal cell (w ‘hich is comparatively narrow) near the beginning 
of its last third. Hair of legs mainly pale, ferruginous on 
inner sides of tarsi, sooty on outer side of anterior tarsi and 
the apex of their tibize, and more or less sooty or brown on 
outer side of middle tarsi; tuft on hind knees fuscous ; 
scopa of hind legs (in type full of creamy-white pollen) 
yellowish white. Hind margin of first abdominal segment 
narrowly white; base of first segment with erect white hair 
(no black intermixed) ; extreme base of second with white 
hair; median narrow snow-white hair-bands on segments 2 
to 4, that on 2 linear and interrupted in the middle, those 
on 8 and 4 slightly angled in the middle, or that on 4 may 
extend to the hind margin of the segment, thus becoming 


Bees from the Rocky Mountain Region. 527 


very broad; basal part of fourth segment with a few long 
black bristles; the two apical segments and the venter, 
clothed with black hair. Easily known from M. gilensis by 
the black abdomen with narrow white bands ; from MW. petulca 
by hair on occiput not fulvous, the dark tegule, the short 
second submarginal cell, &c.; from J/. communis by the 
yellowish wings, the light scopa of hind legs, the larger 
size, &c. 

Hab. Gallinas River at Las Valles, New Mexico, Aug. 6, 
two specimens (7. D. A. & W. P. Chil.). 

Named after my little son, who accompanied me on tlie 
expedition that led to its discovery. 


Melissodes thelypodii, sp. n. 


? .—Length about 15 mm. 

General appearance and markings of abdomen like 
M. Martini, but differing as follows :—Pubescence of thorax 
above bright fulvous, without any black, and covering more of 
mesothorax ; black hairs of vertex more conspicuous, being 
long and erect; eyes not so green, the lower part perhaps 
reddish in life ; face more hairy, the hair faintly yellowish ; 
clypeus more closely punctured; flagellum brighter red 
beneath ; tegule apricot-colour. Wings larger, more dusky, 
and less yellow; first recurrent nervure joining second sub- 
marginal cell near its end; outer side of third submarginal 
cell rounded (angled in Martini); hair on first abdominal 
segment pale fulvous, that at base of second more or less of 
the same colour. In both species, the small joints of the 
middle and hind tarsi are red. 

Hab. La Cueva, Organ Mts., New Mexico, about 5300 ft., 
at flowers of Thelypodium linearifolium, Sept. 4 (C. H. T. 
Townsend). 

A pretty species, from the contrast between the black of 
the abdomen, with whitish bands, and the red of the thorax 
and hind tarsi. 


Melissodes Hewetti, sp. n. 


? .—Length about or nearly 15 mm. 

Of robust build, with a broad abdomen ; vertex and thorax 
above with bright fulvous hair; posterior part of mesothorax 
and scutellum except hind margin bare, these bare areas not 
surrounded by black hairs, except that there are a very few 
at sides of scutellum; bare area of mesothorax shining, with 
strong rather close punctures (closer and rather smaller than 


528 On some Bees from the Rocky Mountain Region. 


in Martini) ; sides of vertex with erect dark hairs, not very 
numerous; face and cheeks with rather dull white hair ; 
facial quadrangle broader than long, but not very greatly so; 
eyes very pale greenish ; flagellum, except at base, dark red 
beneath; tegule dark red-brown. Wings very little dusky, 
much clearer than in M. the/ypodi ; first recurrent nervure 
joining second submarginal cell about the beginning of its 
last third; second submarginal cell nearly as broad above as 
high. Hair of legs pale; dark grey on outer side of anterior 
tibia ; tuft on hind knees rufo-fulvous; scopa of hind legs 
fulvous, hair on inner side of their tarsi bright ferruginous ; 
small joints of tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen broad (broader 
than in thelypodii), with the hair on the first four segments 
ochreous tinged with fulvous, the arrangement of the hair 
as in thelypodii; hair of two apical segments very dark 
purplish brown; hair of venter fulvous (in ¢helypodii less 
abundant, and black, with some dull white laterally). By 
the colour and appearance of the abdominal bands this 
resembles M. gilensis, but it is larger, and the pubescence of 
the thorax is quite different, much more resembling that of 
M. menuacha. In many respects, M. Hewetti resembles 
M. texana, but it differs in having the hair on the face 
white and the abdominal bands fulvo-ochraceous. 

Hab. Santa Fé, New Mexico, Aug. 2, 1894, at flowers of 
Cleome serrulata; collected by myself. It was accompanied 
on the flowers by Nomia Foaii, D. T. 

Named after Mr. E. L. Hewett, in recognition of his 
educational and scientific work in New Mexico. 


Melissodes parosete, sp. n. 


¢ .—Length about 9 mm. 

Antenne very long (about 83 mm.), flagellum bright fulvo- 
ferruginous beneath; clypeus, labrum, and a large patch on 
mandibles lemon-yellow; second joint of maxillary palpi 
swollen, third long and cylindrical, last minute; facial 
quadrangle longer than broad, narrowing below ; hair of face 
and cheeks white, of vertex and occiput ochraceous; eyes 
silver-grey with a green tint; hair of mesothorax fulvous; 
scutellum with much black hair; tegulae dark brown, hairy. 
Wings almost clear, stigma and nervures dark ferruginous ; 
second submarginal cell large, receiving first recurrent 
nervure about the beginning of its last fourth. Hair of legs 
white, orange-fulvous on inner side of tarsi, which are red; 
abdominal bands creamy white; hair of venter pale. Looks 
much like a small ¢ of M. grindelie, but easily separated 


— 


On the Fishes of the Genus Arges. 529 


by the much longer antenne, red tarsi, &e. From M. agilis 
it is known by the black hair on scutellum, red tarsi, &c. ; 
from M. floris by the longer antenne, wings not yellowish, 
&e. ; from M. montana by the much smaller size, abdomen 
less covered with hair, &c. 

Hab. Mesilla, New Mexico, at flowers of Parosela scoparia, 
July 25 (Cockerell). 


University of Colorado, 


Boulder, Colorado, U.S,A., 
March 16, 1905. 


LXIX.—The Systematic Arrangement of the Fishes of the 
Genus Arges. By C. Tare Rueean, B.A. 


In my monograph * of the Loricariidie I included nineteen 
species in the genus Arges. Messrs. Evermann and Kendall +, 
who have received some fishes of this genus from Ecuador, 
have written a short paper in which they consider the 
characters which I have used for the distinction and arrange- 
ment of the species as of very little value. 

With regard to the structure of the adipose fin, Messrs. 
Evermann and Kendall, describing the specimens they have 
received, write: “ When first received these examples revealed 
no trace of an adipose fin excepting what was soon discovered 
to be a short spine, sometimes naked but in most cases con- 
cealed under the skin, evidenced only by a slight elevation, 
which was at first regarded as a ‘short adipose fin’; but 
in alcohol there sradually appeared on the back a low, thick, 
fleshy fold w hich increased in resemblance to a thick adipose 
fin with their continuance in the preservative, and, in the 
smaller individuals, became thin and very much like an 
adipose fin in appearance.” They proceed to quote Stein- 
dachner’s descriptions of the adipose fin in Arges sabalo, 
A. longifilis, A. prenadilla, and A. peruanus, and they then 
state: “These descriptions show conclusiv ely that what has 
heen so regarded is not a true adipose fin, which conclusion 
our specimens substantiate. It is evident that the presence 
of the supposed adipose fin on the different species is simply 
due to the action of the preservative and that there is no 
true adipose ; and the smaller the individual and the longer 


* Trans. Zool. Soc. xvii. pt. iii. pp. 191-324, pls. ix._xxi. (1904), 
+ Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xviii. pp. 91-106 (1905). 


530 Mr. C. T. Regan on the 


its stay in the preservative, the more like an adipose fin the 
fold may become.” 

Sufficient has been said to show that Messrs. Evermann 
and Kendall regard the structure of the adipose fin as of 
little value for the distinction of species. They state that 
their specimens undoubtedly belong to one species and yet 
that individuals fall respectively into several of my main 
divisions (based on the structure of the adipose fin), the only 
condition unrepresented being that of a well-developed adi- 
pose fin without trace of a spine, which they would hardly 
expect to find in specimens which have been only so recently 
submitted to the action of alcohol. 

The position of the ventral fins is a character to which I 
have attached considerable importance for the distinction of 
species, but the authors quoted above state that in the males 
the veutrals are inserted farther forward than in the females, 
and they give figures of a male fish in which the insertion 
of the ventrals is below the origin of the dorsal, and of a 
female with the ventrals inserted below the middle of the 
dorsal. They continue: “ In the males, as already remarked, 
the ventrals are inserted farther forward than in the females ; 
therefore, comparison of extent of pectorals with ventrals or 
ventrals with proximity to vent is of no value. In fact, 
there is such a range of variation in these characters, 
regarded by Regan as showing specific differences, that there 
arises a serious distrust of the value of any of them for that 
purpose.” 

They conclude that the number of species should be con- 
siderably reduced, suggesting that the five alleged Peruvian 
species may be one, or at the most two. They consider 
A. prenadilla and A. Eigenmanni to be synonyms of 
A. cyclopum, suggest that A. homodon may be the male of 
A. Guentheri, aud think that the characters given for the 
distinction of A. Whymperi, A. fissidens, A. sabalo, A. Taczan- 
owskii, and A. Vaillanti are scarcely sufficient. 

On receiving Messrs. Evermann and Kendall’s surprising 
paper I at once proceeded to re-examine all the specimens of 
Arges * in the British Museum Collection, with the result 
that I must entirely adhere to my original arrangement, 
Messrs. Evermann and Kendall’s views being evidently the 
result of a hasty study of insufficient material. 

I maintain my grouping of the species according to the 
structure of the adipose fin. The first division, to which 
the Pimelodus cyclopum of Humboldt most certainly 

* 85 specimens, representing 16 or 17 species, from Peru, Ecuador, 
Colombia, and Venezuela. 


Fishes of the Genus Arges. ddl 


belongs, is characterized by the presence of a well-developed, 
freely movable spine, as represented in my figures of 
Arges homodon and A. Guentheri, and in Boulenger’s 
of A. Boulengeri. In the three specimens of A. Boulengeri 
and thé eight of A. Guentheri which I have examined 
this feature is constant. The next group, comprising 
A. EKigenmanni, A. Whympert, and A. Vaillanti, is charac- 
terized by a weak or moderate, sometimes scarcely distinct, 
rather elongate adipose fin, with a small but distinct spine 
constantly present *, more or less projecting in very young 
specimens and completely imbedded in the adult. This 
description applies to the single specimen of A. Whymperi, 
the three of A. Vaillanti, and the nineteen of A. Higenmanni, 
varying in length from 33 to 100 mm., which I have 
examined. From these A. orientalis and A. brachycephalus 
differ in the absence of the spine, although what appears 
to be a nodule-like rudiment may rarely be present in the 
former. I have examined ten specimens of each of the two 
last-mentioned species. 

I am quite unable to see any discrepancy between Stein- 
dachner’s descriptions of A. sabalo and A. longifilis and his 
figures of those species, which are both described and repre- 
sented as having an elongate and well-developed adipose fin. 
Such an adipose fin is also characteristic of other species 
allied to these and represented in the British Museum 
Collection. 

With regard to the structure of the adipose fin, then, it 
may be said that, making due allowance for slight differences 
due to size, individual variation, and state of preservation, 
there is a remarkable uniformity in members of the same 
species, whilst between the various members of the genus 
considerable differences exist, which form a convenient basis 
for the arrangement of the species. 

I have been able to examine and compare male and female 
examples in each of the following species :—A. Guentheri, 
Boulengeri, Eigenmanni, orientalis, brachycephalus, feste, 
and peruanus. In none of them can I find the slightest 
difference between the sexes in the position of the ventral 
fins, which vary only slightly as to their point of insertion 
in individuals of the same species, but without regard to sex. 
Consequently I still attach considerable importance to the 
position of the ventral fins for the distinction of the species 
of this genus, whilst the other characters which I have 


* It can always be detected by running the finger-nail along the adipose 
fin from the tail towards the head, 


532 Mr. C. T. Regan on the 


regarded as specific still appear to me to have the same value 
as before. 

With regard to the suggested reduction in the number of 
species: I have never seen an Arges with the ventral fins 
inserted under the middle of the dorsal, as in the fish 
figured by Evermann and Kendall * and as in Steindachner’s 
figure of Arges prenadilla. In nearly all the specimens I 
have seen of A. Eigenmanni the insertion of the ventral fins 
may fairly be described as exactly opposite to the origin of 
the dorsal, in a few it is slightly in advance of the origin 


Arges Eigenmanni: male, female, and immature examples. 


of the dorsal, and in one specimen (a male) it falls in the 
vertical from between the bases of the first and second dorsal 
rays. Consequently I am quite unable, at any rate until I 
have seen examples corresponding to Arges prenadilla, to 
accept the view of the specific identity of A. Kigenmanni 
and A. prenadilla. 

A comparison of the figures given here of A. HKigenmanni 


* The female fish described and figured by Messrs. Evermann and 
Kendall may be a specimen of Arges prenadilla. If their statement that 
there is no slit behind the last gill be correct, this fish is certainly very 
different from A, Ligenmanni, in which there is a well-developed slit 
behind the fourth gill. If their description of the relative proportions of 
interorbital width, distance from eye to nostril, &c. becorrect, their figure 
of the upper surface of the head must be hopelessly inaccurate. 


— =- —> 


Fishes of the Genus Arges. 533 


with those published of 4. homodon, Guentheri, and Boulengeri 
and with that of Humboldt’s Pimelodus cyclopum, will show 
with sufficient clearness that the first-named species differs 
very considerably from the others in the structure of the 
adipose fin and that there cannot be the least doubt that 
A. Eigenmanni is not identical with Humboldt’s fish. 
A. homodon is most certainly not a male example of 
A. Guentheri, from males of which species it differs not only 
in the much more anterior insertion of the ventrals, but 
also in the much more posterior position of the vent, the 
more posterior situation of the spine of the adipose fin, and 
in other characters also. 

The suggestion that the Peruvian species, viz. A. longifilis, 
sabalo, Taczanowskii, peruanus, and Simonsii, in reality re- 
present only one or two, cannot be entertained. 4. peruanus 
and A. Simonsii present so peculiar a dentition that I was 
in doubt as to whether they ought not to constitute a 
distinct genus, and as the latter species is represented by 
larger specimens (5 in number) in which the barbel is nearly 
twice as long as in the smaller examples of A. peruanus, 
there can be no question as to the validity of these two 
species. The other three differ from each other so widely 
that there can be no excuse for confounding them, and 
I need only refer to my synopsis of the specics and to the 
published descriptions and figures. 

In the whole genus the only point as to which I entertain 
some doubt is as to whether A. Higenmanni is distinct from 
A. Whymperi. The latter is based on a single specimen and 
it is probable that the somewhat shorter ventral and more 
posterior vent may be due only to individual variation. 
A, Vaillanti, based on three specimens (not one only as stated 
by Messrs. Evermann and Kendall) with a much shorter 
caudal peduncle (6-64 in the length of the fish, instead of 
42-5 as in A. Eigenmanni), is certainly distinct. 

Some other points in Messrs. Evermann and Kendall’s 
paper call for comment. They consider that the elongate 
anal papilla of the male fish represents the first anal ray of 
the female. This view is completely negatived by the 
structure of the papilla, by the fact that it is constantly 
present in the female, although smaller, and by the obvious 
homology between the first subspinous ray of the anal fin in 
the two sexes. Moreover, difference in the number of anal 
rays is either individual or specific, not sexual. 

The American authors prefer the generic name Cyclopium 
to Arges, whatever the objections which may be urged 
against it on the ground of its formation. This, of course, is 


534 Mr. G. J. Arrow on some 


a matter of opinion, but they afterwards state: “ But what- 
ever view may be held on this ground, Mr. Regan’s contention 
does not hold in the case under consideration. Cyclopium is 
not the genitive plural of Cyclops, as he imagines, but the 
neuter form of the adjective cyclopius.”’ I do not know 
what reasons Messrs. Evermann and Kendall may have for 
this assertion, but Swainson’s * own words, as quoted by me 
(and not as misquoted by them), seem to establish beyond 
any doubt that he merely took the specific name, without 
alteration, and used it for his new genus. 

The statement that I object to the family name Argiide 
of Gill is hardly correct. On the contrary, I should con- 
sider it a most excellent name for the group if it is to be 
regarded as a distinct family. Provided that they be 
correctly defined and their relations made clear, it appears 
to me to be a point of comparatively small importance 
whether the Argiinz or Argiide be regarded as a specialized 
group of Loricariidve or as a distinct family. I am inclined 
to believe, however, that the practice of making every some- 
what abnormal or peculiar genus the type of a family tends 
to obscure its relationships. 


LXX.—On some Oriental Aphodiid Coleoptera of the 
Rhyparus Group, with Description of a new Genus. By 
GILBERT J. ARROW. 


Tue British Museum having recently received from Mr. George 
Lewis a very remarkable minute beetle having no close ally 
among known genera, I have founded for it a new genus 
which can only be associated with AAyparus. In the course 
of studying its affinities | have made a few notes upon certain 
other species of this peculiar group which I publish at the 
same time. 


STEREOMERA, gen. nov. 


Corpus breviter rectangulum, depressum ; caput magnum, clypeo 
late arcuato ; antennz 9-articulate, articulo primo longo, lunato, 
in fossa profunde volvente, secundo breviter cylindrico, tertio fere 
ad tria sequentes conjuncta equale, his inter se equalibus, tribus 
ultimis clavam brevem formantibus; palpi mavxillares longi, 
graciles; oculi elongati; coxe anteriores quatuor lJaminibus 


* Swainson, of course, misquoted Humboldt, substituting Pimelodus 
cyclopium for Pimelodus cyclopum. 


Oriental Aphoditd Coleoptera. 535 


angustis separate, postice contiguie, prosterno antice et postice 
valde producto; pedes omnes breyes, tibiis sine dentibus vel carinis, 
tarsis omnibus 3-articulatis, articulis brevibus, crassis ; elytrorum 
epipleure late; abdomen valde contractum, segmenta in medio 
solidati; pygidium ventrale. 


Stereomera pusilla, sp. n. 


Lata, valde depressa, rufo-picea; capite lato, plano, prothoracis 
atque elytrorum lateribus exacte coadaptatis, fere rectis et 
parallelis; prothorace antice leviter angustato, angulis omnibus 
acutis, parte mediana antice et postice valde elevata ibique breviter 
longitudinaliter costata, margine postico valde sinuato; elytris 
brevibus, epipleuris latis, lateribus parteque postica abrupte 
verticalibus, singulo elytro costis tribus internis pluribusque 
transversis ornato. 

Long. 2°5 mm. 


Hab. SINGAPORE. 

A single specimen of this minute beetle, found by 
M. Raffray in November 1889, has been kindly given to the 
National Collection by Mr. George Lewis. Although having 
no superficial resemblance to any other genus of Aphodiide, 
such of its structural features as are not entirely peculiar 
point clearly, in my opinion, to a place in that family. The 
3-jointed tarsi, much-reduced abdomen, and the form of the 
thorax and elytra isolate it from all known genera, but in its 
general anatomy it shows many points of relationship with 
Rthyparus. 

The head is large and unarmed, the thorax short and 
broad, with a deep transverse furrow about the middle which 
interrupts a series of longitudinal costee continuous with 
similar coste upon the elytra. These are also obliterated in 
front of the scutellum by a sharply elevated boss. The 
elytra exactly fit against the prothorax behind, and at two 
thirds of their length become rather abruptly perpendicular. 
The sides are also abruptly perpendicular, and broad folds 
wrap the abdomen beneath, the elytra being immovable and 
the suture entirely obliterated. There are three longitudinal 
cost on each side in addition to the lateral carina, and the 
last interval is about twice the width of the others. The 
intervals are crossed by fine transverse ridges, which produce 
a reticulated appearance. ‘The angles formed by the lateral 
caring at the declivity are somewhat turned inwards, 

The head in the contracted position fits against the front 
femora, entirely enclosing the eyes and antennz, the latter 
fitting into deep fossz in the lower face of the clypeus. 
There is a very long and slender anterior prosternal process 


536 Mr. G. J. Arrow on some 


and a rather long tapering postcoxal process. The middle 
coxe are separated by a thin lamina and the hind coxe are 
contiguous. Between middle and hind coxe the metasternum 
is raised, forming a trapezoidal area. ‘The pygidium is com- 
pletely ventral, and between it and the metasternum only 
two ventral segments are distinguishable in the middle, but 
five or six immovably united can be counted at the sides. 
The ventral surface is coarsely punctured. 

The most remarkable feature of all is found in the tarsi of 
three joints only, any less number than the coleopterons 
maximum of five being of extreme rarity among the Lamelli- 
cornia. Another abnormal genus of Aphodiide (Phycochus) 
has, however, tarsi of only two visible joints. ‘The articula- 
tions in Stereomera are very close, and can allow very little, 
if any, movement. Similarly modified tarsi are found in a 
few Cetoniide (Trichoplus and Callinomes) living in ants’ 
nests, Stereomera has in all probability the same habit, for 
the domestic animals of ants, like those of man, are great 
violators of the proprieties of systematics. 

Although the species of this little group first described was 
placed by Westwood among the Aphodiide, subsequent 
writers—Harold and Fairmaire—have treated them as 
Copride. There is no justification for this view except 
Pascoe’s inaccurate description of one of the species, called 
by him Antrists Saundersi, although congeneric with 
Lihyparus, Westwood, and, I believe, identical with the later- 
described 2. approximans, Fairmaire. Pascoe described the 
hind coxe as widely separated, being evidently deceived by 
the separation of the femora, which are inserted at a distance 
from the tips of the coxee, the latter being really contiguous. 
Mistaking the inturned pygidium for a ventral segment, he 
called the abdomen six-jointed, whereas there are only five 
joints. His figure is also misleading, representing the insect 
as much too short. In my opinion these forms constitute a 
link between the Aphodiide and Trogide. ‘The abdomen of 
five visible segments, the simple legs without teeth or spines, 
and the conformation and sculpture of the surface connect 
them with the Trogide, the dilatation of the clypeus, the 
prominence of the abdomen, the position of the pygidium, 
&c., exclude them from that family, and the closely approxi- 
mated coxe and 9-jointed antenne are features common to 
both those families but foreign to the Copride. 

The list of Rhypart at present described amounts to a 
dozen, but it will no doubt become very much longer. A 
third of the number are from Borneo, but the distribution 
is very wide, extending from Sud-Kst Island (Louisiade 


\- 


Oriental Aphodiid Coleoptera. 537 


Archipelago) in the east to Mauritius in the west, and I have 
even seen (in M. René Oberthiir’s collection) a species from 
West Africa. The only mainland species yet recorded is 
R. birmanicus, Fairm.; but R. sumatrensis, Fairm., was 
found by Doherty at Perak, and I describe here another form 
occurring in the same locality. 


Rhyparus peninsularis, sp. n. 


Niger, opacus, griseo-indutus, modice elongatus; capite lato, 6- 
cristato; prothorace antice valde dilatato, angulis rotundatis, 
lateribus medio sat dilatatis, deinde contractis, angulis posticis 
obtusis, disco 6-carinato, carinis duobus internis leviter sinuatis, 
medio paulo approximatis, duobus intermediis late interruptis, 
externis integris, intervallis medio et externis sparse grosse 
punctatis, intermediis levibus; elytris acute costatis, costis 
suturalibus paulo latioribus, postice regulariter arcuatis, discoid- 
alibus postice abbreviatis, valde incrassatis, callis apicalibus 
prominentissimis, intervallis grosse biseriatim punctatis, lateribus 
haud parallelis, postice distincte contractis ; pygidio longitudin- 
aliter carinato ; corpore subtus sat crebre punctato; tibiis quatuor 
anterioribus apice valde incurvatis, femoribus intermediis subtus 
bidentatis. 

Long. 6-7 mm. 


TTahb. Mauay Penrnsuta, Penang (Lamb), Perak (Do- 
herty). 

I have seen three specimens, of which that from Perak is 
in M. Oberthiir’s collection. 

The species resembles 2. Saunders?, Pascoe, and still more 
another Bornean form which I have seen identified by 
M. Fairmaire as his R. approximans, but which more nearly 
agrees with the description of R. denticollis, and may be 
distinct from both. &. peninsularis is rather larger than 
either and relatively broader, with its elytra tapering more 
behind. It differs most obviously in its puncturation, the 
inner lateral interstices of the pronotum being smooth and 
the middle and outer interstices thinly strewn with large 
punctures, whereas the other species named have the pronotum 
evenly and densely punctured. ‘The punctures upon the 
elytral interstices are also very large and arranged in not 
closely serried rows. The elytra are not angulated behind 
at the suture, as in R. Saunderst. R. sumatrensis, Fairm., is 
also a nearly related form, but it is still larger and the pro- 
notum is almost entirely impunctate. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 36 


538 Mr. G. J. Arrow on some 


Rhyparus philippinensis, sp. n. 


Niger, opacus, elongatus, parallelus; capite lato, 6-cristato, cristis 
duabus frontalibus exiguis; prothorace modice transverso, 6- 
costato, costis sat crassis, intervallis sat grosse punctatis, costis 
duabus mediis antice et postice leviter divergentibus, intermediis 
interruptis, laterum angulis anticis mediisque arcuatim productis ; 
elytrorum costis suturalibus latis, postice regulariter arcuatis, 
discoidalibus postice interruptis, incrassatis, callis apicalibus 
prominentibus, interstitiis omnibus sat grosse biseriatim punc- 
tatis ; pygidio longitudinaliter carinato ; corpore subtus sat crebre 
punctato ; femoribus simplicibus, tibiis quatuor anterioribus apice 
incurvatis. 

Long. 5-6-5 mm. 


Hab. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

Four specimens of this species have been in the British 
Museum since 1845, and M. Oberthiir possesses another 
example. They are almost destitute of the earthy covering 
usually found in these beetles, but this is probably only due 
to local or accidental circumstances. The species is similar 
to the preceding one except in matters of detail. It is rather 
smaller and more slender, and the prothorax is everywhere 
rather coarsely punctured, a few punctures being traceable 
even upon the cost, which are rather thick. The rows of 
punctures upon the elytra are rather less coarse than in 
R. peninsularis. The pygidium and underside are as in that 
species, but the middle femora are not toothed. 


Rhyparus gracilis, sp. n. 


Niger, opacus, elongatus, parallelus; capite modice lato, punctato, 
medio tumido, minute bituberculato, postice 4-cristato, clypeo 
obtuse biangulato, medio recto ; prothorace postice latitudine ad 
longitudinem equali, lateribus antice et medio arcuatim dilatatis, 
carinis duabus medianis postice late divergentibus, intermediis 
vestigiis anticis et posticis ostensis, externis valde sinuatis, inter- 
vallis grosse punctatis ; elytris ut in Rt. philippinense, sed paulo 
longioribus, callis apicalibus modice prominentibus ; pygidio apice 
longitudinaliter carinato; corpore subtus crebre punctato; femo- 
ribus quatuor anterioribus subtus angulatis, tibiis omnibus apice 
fortiter incurvatis. 

Long. 6°5 mm. 


Hab. LoutstADE ARCHIPELAGO, Sud-Est Island. 

Three specimens were collected by Mr. Meek in April 
1898, one of which has been presented by M. Oberthiir to 
the Museum, 

The species closely resembles R. philippinensis, but is 


Oriental Aphodiid Coleoptera. 539 


larger and still more slenderly proportioned, the thorax, ex- 
clusive of the anterior projections, being nearly quadrate. 
The head is less transverse and less angular than in most of 
the species, and the frontal tubercles are widely separated 
from those on the vertex. The thorax is coarsely punctured 
all over, and its central carine are close together in front, 
begin to diverge before the middle, and are wide apart behind. 
The second carina on each side is very broadly interrupted. 
The front and middle femora are broadly but sharply 
angulated beneath, 


The genus Sybacodes is closely related to Rhyparus, but its 
form is more normal and, except for the thoracic ridges, 
almost that of Atenius. The only known species, S. lutu- 
lentus, Fairm., originally described from Burma, has a wide 
distribution, and [ have seen it also from Siam, Kanara, and 
the Panjab. M. René Oberthiir has kindly enabled me to 
compare our series with the types, and as M. Fairmaire’s 
description is ambiguous and in some respects inaccurate, I 
have thought it desirable to give a redescription, based upon 


5 . . 
the fuller materials at my disposal. 


Sybacodes lutulentus, Fairm. 
(‘ Notes from the Leyden Museum,’ 1896, pp. 84-85.) 


Robustus, griseo-indumentus, subtiliter auropiliferus, clypeo obtuse 
biangulato, fronte fasciculis duabus aureis ornata ; prothorace 
sat lato, angulis anticis fere rotundatis, posticis excisis, lateribus 
ante medium lzvissime contractis, disco longitudinaliter 6-costato, 
costis internis duabus fere rectis, externis valde sinuatis, inter- 
mediis medio intus fossa parva deflectis, haud interruptis, omnibus 
breviter auropiliferis; prothorace capiteque irregulariter haud 
dense punctatis; elytris ad humeros quam prothorace latioribus, 
deinde lateribus leviter sat regulariter arcuatis, sutura costisque 
tribus fortiter, intermediisque quatuor minus elevatis, auropiliferis, 
interstitiis uniseriatim sat grosse punctatis ; pygidio quam longi- 
tudinem multo latiore, crebre et grosse punctato, carina longitu- 
dinale pilifera; tibiis anticis bidentatis, spina apicale breve ac 
robusta, tarsis sat brevibus. 

Long. 7 mm. 


Hab. PANsAB, Kangra Valley; S.W. Inpra, Kanara; 
Burma, Carin Cheba, Ruby Mines ; Stam, Renong. 

This genus has an obvious affinity with Rhyparus, but 
seems to represent a less extreme degree of specialization. 
The general contour of the head and thorax are the same, 
but all the elevated portions of the surface are clothed with 

30* 


540 Mr. H. Druce on 


fine silky yellow hair. The elytral coste are twice as nume- 
rous as in Rhyparus, a secondary series, less elevated, alter- 
nating with the primary series. M. Fairmaire’s comparison 
of the elytral sculpture with that of Sybax impressicollis 
seems to be due to a misconception, for that genus is very 
different in every respect and has very broad and flat intervals 
between the coste. There are no elytral pits or callosities in 
Sybacodes, the head is relatively smaller than in Rhyparus, 
the metasternum shorter, and the last abdominal segment 
longer. M. Fairmaire has described the front tibiz as three- 
toothed, but he has evidently mistaken the strong terminal 
spine for the apical tooth. 


LXXI.—Descriptions of Seven new Species of Notodontide 
from Tropical South America. By Herperr Druce, 
F.L.S. &e. 


HHippia undulata, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenna, collar, tegule, and thorax yellowish 
brown; thorax and abdomen brown; anal tuft yellowish 
white ; legs yellowish brown. Primaries dark fawn-colour, 
crossed from the costal margin to the inner margin by a 
number of fine undulating blackish-brown lines, some of 
which are broken into small spots; beyond the cell a rather 
large brown spot: secondaries blackish brown, palest at the 
base and along the inner margin; the fringe fawn-colour.— 
Female very similar to the male, but paler in colour and with 
all the markings more distinct. 

Expanse, ¢ 14, 2? 1} inch. 

Hab. Colombia, Minca, 2000 feet (H. H. Smith, Mus. 
Druce). 


Blera argentata, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, antenne, and palpi black ; collar and thorax 
dark brown ; tegule silvery grey; abdomen pale greyish 
brown; the anal segments clothed with black hairs; under- 
side of thorax and abdomen yellowish brown; the legs dark 
brown. Primaries dark silvery brown; a line crossing the 
base of the wing and the discal spot yellowish brown; two 
narrow waved black lines cross the wing from the costal to 
the inner margin, the first about the middle, the second 


new Species of Notodontide. 541 


beyond the cell; the outer margin broadly silvery grey; a 
marginal row of black streaks extends from the apex to the 
anal angle: secondaries pale greyish brown, slightly yellowish 
along the inner margin. 

Expanse 1? inch. 


Hab. §.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus. Druce). 


Meragisa Garlepi, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax pale olive-green ; 
antenne brown; abdomen above dark brown, the sides and 
underside yellow, the anal segment yellowish brown thickly 
irrorated with small brown scales; underside of thorax and 
legs yellow. Primaries pale olive-green, crossed from the 
costal to the inner margin by three narrow fawn-coloured 
bands, edged with black, the first near the base, the second 
before the middle of the cell, the third beyond the cell; the 
orbicular spot white ; a greyish-white waved submarginal 
line extends from the apex to the anal angle; a marginal 
row of black dots from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe 
alternately yellow and brown: secondaries blackish brown, 
the base, inner margin, and the fringe pale yellow. Under- 
side of both wings pale yellow, shaded with dark brown, the 
outer margins yellow. 

Expanse 2? inches. 


Hab. Bolivia, Songo (Garlep, Mus. Druce). 


Meragisa semifulva, sp. n. 


Male.—Head and thorax grey, thickly clothed with reddish- 
brown hairs; palpi black, the third joint small, clothed with 
yellow hairs; collar and tegule reddish brown; antenne 
brown ; abdomen blackish brown, the basal segment yellow, 
the anal segment greyish brown ; underside of the thorax 
and abdomen yellow; legs yellow. Primaries greyish white, 
crossed from the costal margin to the inner margin by a series 
of lunule-shaped reddish-brown lines ; orbicular spot yellow ; 
the base and centre of the wing shaded with yellow; a mar- 
ginal row of black spots extends from the apex to the anal 
angle; the fringe alternately reddish brown and yellow: 
secondaries brownish black, the inner margin broadly banded 
with pale yellow, the fringe yellow. Underside pale yellowish 
white, clouded with blackish brown. 

Expanse 24 inches. 


Hab, 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (AZus. Druce). 


542 On new Species of Notodontide. 


Lobeza Smithi, sp. n. 


Female.—Head, palpi, collar, tegule, and thorax grey ; 
abdomen yellowish white, the sides thickly clothed with 
white hairs; antenne reddish brown ; underside of the thorax, 
abdomen, and legs white. Primaries greyish white, thickly 
irrorated with reddish scales; a reddish-brown band crosses 
the wing near the base: secondaries greyish white; the 


fringes of both wings grey. Underside of both wings sordid 
white. 


Kxpanse 2} inches. 


Hab. Colombia, Don Amo, 2000 feet (//. ZH. Smith, Mus. 
Druce). 


Hemiceras affinis, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, collar, and tegule reddish fawn-colour, back 
of the head white ; antenne dark brown; thorax and abdomen 
dark brown; underside of thorax black ; legs and underside 
of the abdomen greyish fawn-colour. Primaries fawn-colour, 
crossed beyond the middle from the apex to the middle of the 
inner margin by a dark brown line, palest on the outer edge ; 
a stiaight brown line crosses the wing near the base, but does 
not reach either margin; the fringe dark brown: secondaries 
white, the outer margin shaded with fawn-colour, and no 
opaque spot near the anal angle; fringe white. Underside 
of both wings cream-colour, the primaries shaded with fawn- 
colour along the costal margin and at the apex.—The female 
very similar to the male, but larger. 

Expanse, ¢ 2, $ 22 inches. 

Hab. N. Peru, Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet; S.E. 
Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus. Druce). 


Hemiceras Buckleyi, sp. n. 


Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax brown, thickly 
irrorated with greyish scales ; antennze and palpi dark brown ; 
abdomen above greyish brown, underside almost white. 
Primaries dark fawn-colour, irrorated with brown scales ; the 
orbicular spot dark brown ; a submarginal dark brown line 
extends from the apex to the inner margin: secondaries pale 
reddish brown. Underside of both wings brownish white. 

Expanse 2} inches. 


Hab, Ecuador, Sarayacu (C. Buckley, Mus. Druce). 


On new Coleoptera from New Zealand. 543 


LXXII.— Descriptions of a new Genus and Four Species of 
Coleoptera from New Zealand. By Capt. ‘I’. Broun, 
F.E.S. 


Group Cnemacanthide. 


Metaglymma Doullit, sp. n. 


Elongate, nitid, black ; antenne, legs, and labrum piceo- 
rufous. 

Head narrowed anteriorly, not constricted behind the 
small but very prominent eyes, with iregular rugee near 
these; epistome truncate, with three or four wrinkles; 
labrum medially incurved, with five punctures. Antenne of 
moderate length, the last six joints sparingly pubescent. 
Thorax rather narrow, 2 lines long by 23 broad, its sides 
very gently rounded and a good deal, but not abruptly, 
narrowed behind, posterior angles obtuse ; its surface smooth, 
with the usual groove along the middle, basal fovez small, 
not transverse, and placed close to the angles ; lateral rims 
not explanate. /ytra oblong-oval, their strize deep, even 
near the suture ; the punctures are coarse and the transverse 
intervals between them rarely attain the level of the longitu- 
dinal interstices ; the inner three interstices are moderately 
wide, the others become narrower; the apical sculpture is 
also deep, but more irregular. Pygidium smooth. 

Tibie stout; the outer angle of the anterior does not reach 
the apex of the basal tarsal joint, that of the intermediate is 
moderately, the posterior but little expanded. 

Underside almost quite smooth and shining, with three 
punctures at each side, at the extremity, of the last ventral 
segment. 

In M. monilifer the lateral margins of the thorax are 
flattened, with well-marked transverse fovea-like sculpture. 

Although I have not seen Dr. Sharp’s Jd. sulcatum 
(no. 1764), 1 consider the present species its nearest ally ; it 
is, however, distinct therefrom, as in the former the head is 
without sculpture and the hind body is parallel-sided. 

&. Length 84, breadth 3 lines. 

North Canterbury. 

One example from the Rev. Alexander Doull, in whose 
honour it has been named. 


Metaglymma minor, sp. n. 


Piceous black, rather dull; legs and antenne pitchy red. 
Head smooth; labrum rounded and punctate in front ; 


r 


5Ad Capt. T. Broun on 


eyes prominent. Antenne all but nude and shining, bearing 
only a few slender outstanding hairs. Thorax much con- 
tracted near the base, 24 lines broad by 1} long, very slightly 
rounded laterally ; apex truncate, a little emarginate medially 
at the base, the sides (margins) expanded and somewhat 
flattened, but narrow at the basal angles, which are obtuse ; 
its surface is smooth, having only the common median sulcus 
and moderately long fosse. Llytra oblong-oval, narrower at 
the shoulders than on top of the hind slope; moderately 
punctate-striate ; the discoidal strie and punctures are rather 
shallow, those near the sides are coarser, but not deep; the 
interstices are simple. 

Legs stout, the outer apical prolongation of the anterior 
tibia does not extend beyond the middle of the first tarsal 
joint, the intermediate tibize are moderately and the hind pair 
slightly thickened at the extremity. 

Underside nearly smooth and as red as the femora. 
Terminal ventral segment with two punctures on each side of 
the middle at the apex, the intermediate with four punctures 
at the middle. 

This species looks like a small JZ. monilifer, which, how- 
ever, has a series of about twelve punctures across the 
extremity of the penultimate ventral segment, with stouter 
legs and more strongly developed tibial angles, larger but less 
convex eyes, and slight differences of sculpture. 

6. Length 7, breadth 24 lines. 

North Canterbury. 

One from the Rev. A. Doull’s collection. 


Group Heleide. 


Cilibe costella, sp. n. 


Opaque, fuscous black ; antenne, palpi, and tarsi pitchy 
red ; oblong, only slightly oviform, moderately convex. 

Head densely, moderately coarsely, and irregularly punc- 
tured, most coarsely on the lateral spaces before the eyes ; 
vertex convex; epistome emarginate, but less so than in 
C. opacula. Thorax 3} lines broad by 2} long, including 
the front angles, distinctly marginate at the sides, these only 
slightly curved, almost straight behind the middle, narrowed 
anteriorly, with a feeble sinuosity near each front angle; 
this latter is prominent and its tip appears incurved, the 
base is bisinuate, with rectangular angles; disk moderately 
convex, the sides somewhat flattened but not obviously 
concave, the whole surface coarsely and reticulately punc- 


ee Se ee 


a ee oe 


new Coleoptera from New Zealand. 545 


tured, interstices rather narrow.  Scutellum curvilinearly 
triangular, punctate. lytra rather wider than the thorax at 
the base and becoming gradually wider towards the hind 
thighs, from thence much narrowed apically ; the sides, as 
far as these thighs, are evidently concave, but behind that 
point they are quite flat or depressed, with transverse fovex 
and punctures ; the suture is plane, but on each elytron there 
are three more or less distinct discoidal coste, the two outer 
become convergent behind, there are also indications of other 
Jongitudinal interrupted lines between the coste ; the surface 
is irregularly and coarsely punctured, with narrow and 
apparently raised intervals as far as the second cost, but 
outside that area the sculpture is intermingled with numerous 
small granular elevations, some of which almost form regular 
series towards the hind slope, so that the general sculpture in 
certain lights seems somewhat linear; the lateral margins are 
reflexed and minutely sculptured. 

Legs and tarsi normal, closely and rugosely punctured, 
with fine flavescent pubescence. Antenne punctate, second 
joint rather longer than broad, third not twice the length of 
the following one ; joints 4 to 8 longer than broad, 9 to 11 
more rufescent and more finely pubescent, 11 oval. 

Underside a little nitid, distinctly punctate, with a very 
minute seta in each puncture; prosternum more coarsely and 
rugosely punctured. 

The stature is that of C. opacula, but the sculpture bears 
more resemblance to that of the smaller C. granulosa and 
C. rugosa, thus rendering this species unusually distinct. 

Length 8}, breadth 43 lines. 

I am indebted to the Rev. Alexander Doull for the speci- 
men found by him in North Canterbury. 


Group Rhyparosomide. 


HYCANUS, gen. nov. 


ftostrum rather shorter than thorax, stout, broadest and 
pterygiate at the point of antennal insertion, so that it appears 
contracted behind ; its apical portion smooth and shining, the 
remainder rugose-punctate. Scrobes quite open above in 
front, directed towards but not quite reaching the eyes. 
Mandibles prominent, laminate. yes almost rotundate, 
flat, distinctly facetted, just free from thorax and widely 
distant from each other. Antenne implanted before the 
middle. Scape stout, clavate, attaining the back part of the 
eye. uniculus obviously longer than scape, basal joint only 


546 On new Coleoptera from New Zealand. 


one third the length of the scape, second distinctly shorter, 
joints 8-7 slightly decrease in length, 4-7 moniliform and 
hardly at all longer than broad. C/ub oval, triarticulate. 
Thorax subcylindric. Scutellum obsolete. Elytra oblong- 
oval, wider than thorax at the base. 

Legs of moderate length. Femora clavate. Tvbice simple, 
their inner angles not prolonged and acuminate. Turst 
rather short, with finely pilose soles, their third joint bilobed; 
the lobes, however, are quite short. 

Prosternum moderately incurved. Ocular lobes obsolete. 
Anterior cove prominent and contiguous, intermediate mode- 
rately separated, the posterior widely. Abdomen elongate, 
tle basal segment at the sides but little longer than the 
second, the suture medially incurved; the third and fourth 
about a third shorter than second (these and the second with 
straight sutures), fifth rather long. 

With some slight modifications the only exponent of this 
genus might be transformed into a Clypeorhynchus. This 
latter, however, has more slender and much longer antenne ; 
the eyes, instead of being rotundate, are transverse, their 
greatest length being from above downwards; their third 
tarsal joint is formed of very elongate and distinctly separated 
lobes; the prosternum is more deeply and abruptly emar- 
ginate ; the elytra are closely adapted to the thorax and at 
the base do not exceed it in width; the rostrum is nearly 
cylindrical throughout, whereas in Hycanus the anterior two 
thirds is of oviform outline, and the smooth apical portion is 
not limited by any definite suture. 


Hycanus Cockayne, sp. n. 


Subovate, slightly convex, opaque ; fuscous, apex of thorax, 
elytral suture, and legs castaneous, tarsi testaceous, antenne 
rufescent ; very sparingly clothed with rather tine short grey 
setae, on the hind body, however, many longer erect ones 
occur. 

Rostrum rather coarsely punctate, but smooth, shining, and 
reddish near the extremity; this part bears a few slender 
white hairs, but is not apparently marked off from the 
asperate portion by any basal suture ; on the head there is a 
feeble longitudinal interocular furrow. Tora slightly 
Jonger than broad, widest near the front, slightly constricted 
at apex, gradually narrowed backwards ; it is not uneven, 
there being only a short groove in front; its whole surface 
is densely and minutely sculptured, and the visible punctures 


On Deep-Sea Aleyonaria from the Indian Ocean. 547 


are only moderately coarse. /ytra oblong-oval, much 
narrowed posteriorly ; they are punctate-striate on the disk ; 
towards the base and sides the punctures are distinct, but the 
striz are not; the interstices are plane and minutely and 
closely sculptured. Antennae sparsely pubescent. 

Underside with a few small grey sete; the prosternum 
with some coarse shallow punctures, the ventral segments 
finely sculptured. 

Length (rostr. incl.) 23, breadth 7 line. 

Auckland Islands, 

Described from one example found amongst moss in July 
1903 by Mr. L. Cockayne, in whose honour it has been 
named, ‘The specimen was forwarded to me by Professor 


Chilton. 


Auckland, 
17th March, 1905. 


LXXIII.—WNatural History Notes from the R.I.M.S. Ship 
‘ Investigator, Capt. T. H. Heming, R.N., commanding.— 
Series III., No. 7. Preliminary Report on the Deep-Sea 
Alcyonaria collected in the Indian Ocean. By Prof. J. 
Artruur THomson, M.A., and W. D. Henperson, M.A., 
Carnegie Scholar, University of Aberdeen. 


A ricH and interesting collection of Deep-Sea Alcyonarians 
dredged in the Indian Ocean by the ‘ Investigator’ was 
entrusted to us for examination and report by Prof. A. 
Aleock, LL.D., F.R.S., of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 
‘As a second consignment received this year has more than 
doubled the original collection, it has seemed advisable to 
publish a brief preliminary notice of those forms which we 
have been able to examine. We have not in this communi- 
cation given anything like full diagnoses of the new forms 
or more than a few measurements; we have merely indi- 
cated the general nature of the first consignment of the 
collection. We hope to complete the report in the course 
of this year. 


Provisional List of Species. 
Sympodium indicum, sp. n. Sarcophytum parvum, sp. n, 


-—— incrustans, sp. n, fungiforme, sp n. 
Clavularia decipiens, sp. n. Spongodes rosea, Avikenthal. 


548 Prof. J. A. Thomson and Mr. W. D. Henderson on 


Spongodesrakayx, Hickson § Hiles. 

Chironephthya variabilis, Hickson. 

Dasygorgia ramosa, sp, n. 

aurea, sp. 0. 

Strophogorgia Verrilli, Wright § 
Studer. 

Herophila gracilis, sp. n. 

Ceratoisis palme, Wright & Studer. 

Acanella rigida, Wright § Studer. 

Primnoisis alba, sp. n. 

Primnoa Ellisii, von Koch. 

Calypterinus Allmani, Wright § 
Studer. 

Stenella sp. 

Thouarella sp. 

Paramuricea sp. 

Muricella bengalensis, sp. n. 

8 


sp. 
Callistephanus Koreni, Wright § 


Studer. 


Scirpearella moniliforme, Wright § 
Studer. 

alba, sp. n. 

Juncella elongata (Pallas). 

Telesto rubra, Hickson. 

Arthuri, Hickson §& Hiles. 

Protocaulon indicum, sp. n. 

Protoptilum medium, sp. n. 

Juncoptilum Alcocki, gen. et sp. n. 

Microptilum Willemoesi, Kélliker. 


‘Leptoptilum sp. 


kophobelemnon Burgeri, Herklots. 
Several sp. of Umbellula. 
Anthoptilum Murrayi, Kolliker. 
Funiculina sp. ? 

Stachyptilum fuscum, sp. n. 
Pennatula Murrayi, Aélliker. 
Three other species of Pennatula. 
Pteroeides sp. 


Order STOLONIFERA. 
Family Cornulariide. 
Sympodium indicum, sp. n. 


A specimen forming a complete tube round a hollow 
vegetable axis; the granular greyish-white coenenchyma is 
thickly covered with large polyps irregularly arranged ; the 
spicules are rough warted spindles and quadriradiate forms. 

Locality. Andamans, 265 fath. 


Sympodium incrustans, sp. v. 


A large specimen encircling a fragment of the stem of a 
plant ; the whole surface of the membranous stolon and of 
the large polyps is covered with warty spindles and rods, 
many of which are visible to the naked eye; the polyps are 
mostly in groups of two or three. 

Locality. Andamans, 371 fath. 


Clavularia decipiens, sp. n. 


Two specimens of a remarkable and difficult form seem 
referable to the genus Clavularia. They envelop and almost 
conceal a straight siliceous axis (0°1-0°3 mm. in diameter, 
70 and 110 mm. in length, probably the flinty fibre of a 
glass-rope sponge). The coenenchyma is thin and consists 
mainly of a feltwork of spicules. The polyps, including 
the retracted tentacles, have a length of 3 mm., and are 


Deep-Sea Aleyonaria from the Indian Ocean. 549 


separated by intervals of 1-7 mm. The calyx is ridged 
and abundantly spiculated. The spicules are warty spindles, 
the largest of which are 0°2—-0°3 mm. in length, while many 
are very much smaller. 

Locality. Andamans, 238-290 fath. 


Order ALCYONACEA. 
Family Aleyoniide. 
Sarcophytum parvum, sp. un. 


A small red colony attached to a piece of coral; the 
capitulum is slightly mushroom-shaped; the polyps are 
more numerous and smaller round the margin, vary from 
4—]18 mm. in length, and are thickly coated with spicules ; 
the polyp-spicules are (1) long rod and spindles with very 
few and very small spines, (2) small clubs spinose at the 
broad end and interlocking to form a sort of feltwork, and 
(3) small double clubs. 

Locality. Station 232, 430 fath. 


Sarcophytum fungiforme, sp. 0. 


A mushroom-shaped colony, red-brown in colour except 
the retractile portions of the polyps, which are yellowish ; 
the autozooids are uniformly distributed over the surface 
and the numerous siphonozooids fill up the gaps; the 
spicules are (1) slender spinules with few spines, (2) smaller 
clubs spinose at the thick end, (3) still smaller double clubs, 
and (4) very minute irregular forms, 

Locality. Station 204, 180-217 fath. 


Family Nephthyide. 
Spongodes rosea, Kiikenthal. 


A specimen which approximates closely to this species, 
except that some of the spicules are twice as long as the 
longest described by Kiikenthal, and that the coloration is 
slightly different. 

Locality. Bay of Bengal, 88 faths. 


Spongodes rakaye, Hickson & Hiles. 


A specimen which agrees almost thoroughly with this 
species except in a small detail concerning the projecting 
polyp-spicules. 

Locality. Station 237, 90 fath. 


550 ~=~Prof. J. A. Thomson and Mr. W. D. Henderson on 


Chironephthya variabilis, Hickson. 


Numerous fragments, probably belonging to one large 
colony, seem referable to this variable species; the deep 
coral-red spicules of the anthocodiz form a striking colour- 
contrast with the white or pale pink branches. 

Locality. Bay of Bengal, 88 fath. 


Order AXIFERA. 
Family Dasygorgide. 
Dasygorgia ramosa, sp. 0. 


A profusely branched colony, the fifth branch directly 
above the first; a long slender polyp on each node; the 
polyp-spicules are arranged longitudinally, except for two 
small portions on each side of the base, where they are 
obliquely transverse ; the spicules are warty spindles or flat 
sword-like forms with serrated edges. This form approaches 
D. spiculosa, but has smaller polyps and larger spicules. 

Locality. Station 202, 695 fath. 


Dasygorgia aurea, sp. 0. 


Fragments of a colony with a beautiful golden-yellow 
axis, with helicoid branching—the fourth branch usually 
over the first; the polyps are bell-shaped, with eight pro- 
jecting points, with spirally disposed spicules ; the spicules 
are rods, spindles, and flat irregular forms mostly quite 
smooth. This form comes near D. squarrosa, but cannot 
be identified with it. 

Locality. Station 202, 695 fath. 


Strophogorgia Verrilh, Wright & Studer. 


Three fragments seem referable to this species. In one 
the basal attachment is present and consists of a number of 
root-like processes very calcareous and translucent. The 
axis is hair-like, very calcareous, and brittle except at the 
tip; the spicules are irregular in shape, some of the spindles 
reach a length of 2 mm. 

Locality. Andaman Sea, 375-490 fath. 


Herophila gracilis, sp. n. 
A delicate graceful colony with branches coming off on all 


sides ; the basal attachment consists of very calcareous semi- 
transparent milk-white root-like processes; the axis is 


Deep-Sea Aleyonaria from the Indian Ocean. 55t 


yellowish and tapers to a thread-lke fineness ; the branches 
are disposed in a spiral and the axis is somewhat zigzag ; 
the polyps are distant, usually only one on a node, in some 
parts all on one side, in other parts in an apparent spiral 
arrangement ; the polyp-spicules lie parallel to the long axis 
of the polyp except at the base, where they take an oblique 
direction and finally run parallel tothe stem ; the superficial 
spicules are short rods, rounded at the ends, and bearing 
very minute rough points; besides these there are quadri- 
radiate spicules with an X-shaped marking, and a number 
of minute spherical spicules with relatively long projecting 
spines. 
Locality. Station 241, 606 fath. 


Family Iside. 
Ceratoisis palme, Wright & Studer. 


Two fragments which agree in every respect with the 
description given by Wright and Studer. 
Locality. Andaman Sea, 500 fath. 


Acanella rigida, Wright & Studer. 


A complete bushy colony, with branches in verticels of 
of two, three, or four, with prominent rigid polyps covered 
with fusiform spicules. 

Locality. Laccadive Sea, 703 fath. 


Primnoisis alba, sp. 1. 


The basal portion is a broad calcareous plate; the axis 
with its alternate horny and calcareous joints is longitudinally 
grooved; the branches are given off from the calcareous 
internodes and begin with a horny node; the ccoenenchyma 
is thin and creamy white ; the low roughly conical verruce 
occur in fours either in a spiral or in a whorl; the spicules 
are irregular flat disks and rods with numerous prominent 
warts. 

Locality. Audamans, 270-45 fath. 


Family Primnoide, 


Primnoa Ellisii, von Koch. 


This beautiful species, described by von Koch from near 
Naples, also found by Herdman off Ceylon, was obtained by 
the ‘ Investigator’ at the Andaman Islands (270-45 fath.)— 
a wide and interesting geographical distribution. 


552 Prof. J. A. Thomson and Mr. W. D. Henderson on 


Calypterinus Allmani, Wright & Studer. 


The branches arise alternately on three sides of the main 
stem ; the iridescent axis shines through the thin ccenen- 
chyma; the polyps occur in verticels of four, but on one 
side a bare strip is left which is formed into a canal by the 
large flat polyp-spicules. The locality confirms the suggestion 
made by Wright and Studer that this is a deep-sea species. 

Locality. Laccadive Sea, 703 fath. 


Stenella sp. 


The branching is fairly profuse and not confined to one 
plane; the axis is brown in colour and horny in texture, with 
a poor development of calcareous corpuscles; the spicules 
are flat scales, straight or curved spindles, spindles sharply 
bent at an angle, and irregular spinose forms. The speci- 
men approaches Stenella acanthina, Wright & Studer. 

Locality. Andaman Sea, 112 fath. 


Thouarella sp. 

The axis is very calcareous, iridescent, longitudinally 
grooved; the branches arise on the two lateral faces; the 
stiff rigid polyps occur in opposite pairs on the branches and 
singly on the sides of the main stem; they are covered with 
flat scale-like spicules and have eight projecting spines 
extending considerably beyond the opercular surface; the 
spicules are flat, irregular, multi-tuberculate scales, many with 
a long smooth projecting spine; they are very like those of 
a Stenella. The specimen approaches Thouarella Moseley, 
Wright & Studer. 

Locality. Laccadive Sea, 703 fath. 


Family Muriceide. 
Paramuricea sp. 


A Muriceid consisting of a simple stalk with one clavate 
branch. ‘The axis is dark brown, with a lighter core; the 
bluntly conical verruce arise from three surfaces, those in 
one row alternating with those in the others. Irregularly 
arranged spicules cover the polyps; crown and point spicules 
protect the tentacles ; the whole coenenchyma is rough with 
projecting spicules—straight or curved warty spindles, tri-, 
quadri-, sexradiate forms, spindles with a foliar expansion on 
one side, and irregular forms. 

Locality. Andamans, 265 fath. 


i i ee 


Deep-Sea Alcyonaria from the Indian Ocean. 553 


Muricella bengalensis, sp. n. 


A much-branched almost bushy colony of a pinkish tint, 
with prominent verruce which usually arise on the lateral 
faces alternately and at right angles; the spicules of the 
verruce project at the bluntly conical apices and the colour- 
less spicules of the tentacles are arranged longitudinally with 
a basal collaret of transverse rows ; the spicules of the general 
ceenenchyma are straight or curved warty spindles, dark red, 
light pink, or colourless. 


Locality. Bay of Bengal, 88 fath. 


Muricella sp. 


Another colony of a pink colour, with yellowish lateral 
verruce, has the’ branching confined to one plane; the dark 
brown axis shines through t the thin translucent coenenchyma. 


Locality. Bay of Bengal, 88 fath. 


Family Gorgonida. 
Callistephanus Koreni, Wright & Studer. 


This form differs from that deseribed by Wright and 
Studer in not having the verrucz confined to the lateral 
surfaces and in showing more profuse branching, 


Locality. Andaman Sea, 238-290 fath. 


Family Gorgonellide. 
Scirpearella moniliforme, Wright & Studer. 


An unbranched fragment may be referred to this species, 
with which it agrees as regards the shape of the spicules, 
the low verruc, the marked grooving of the axis, and so on. 
It differs in having more than ten grooves on the axis, and 
the measurements of the spicules are nearer Sc. gracilis, 
Wright & Studer. 

Locality. Andamans, 270-45 fath. 


Scirpearella alba, sp. n. 


A long white colony differs from Sc. moniliforme in having 
only two rows of verruce, in not having a deeply grooved axis, 
in the size of the polyps, and so on. "The spicules are spiny 
spindles, double clubs, and irregular stars. 

Locality. Bay of Bengal, 88 fath. 

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 37 


554 Prof. J. A. Thomson and Mr. W. D. Henderson on 


Juncella elongata (Pallas). 


Several brick-red fragments agree well with this species, 
but there is a trace of a longitudinal bare streak and ridge ; 
the spicules are spiny spindles, double clubs, and double 
stars; no “triple stars” were found. 

Locality. Bay of Bengal, 88 fath. 


Order STELECHOTOKEA. 
Section I. As1PHONACEA. 
Family Telestide. 


Telesto rubra, Hickson. 


A single specimen, apparently a complete young form, 
with a spreading base and one branch. The polyps, which 
measure 2'5 mm. in height, arise at right angles to the stem 
and are arranged on the four sides in such a way that they 
seem to form a spiral. In the ridges on the axis, in the 
minute quantity of horny matter, and otherwise the specimen 
agrees with Hickson’s description. 

Locality. Andamans, 120 fath. 


Telesto Arthuri, Hickson & Hiles. 


A white colony closely resembling T. Arthuri, e. g. in 
having no grooving, in there being no axis, in the arrange- 
ment of the polyps in short spirals or in whorls and singly, 
and in the shape of many of the spicules—spindles straight 
aud curved, triradiate, and quadriradiate forms. It differs 
in not having the secondary polyps so closely crowded. It 
~ is evidently a young form. 

Locality. Station 232, 430 fath. 


Section JI]. PENNATULACEA. 
Family Protocaulide. 


Protocaulon indicum, sp. n. 


Three complete specimens, with short thin stalk, long 
rachis, opposite biserial polyps, quadrangular axis, and no 
spicules. The larger zooids are sexually mature. 

Locality, Station 239, 55 fath, 


Deep-Sea Aleyonaria from the Indian Ocean. 55D 


Family Protoptilide. 
Protoptilum medium, sp. n. 


An incomplete specimen, granular in texture, with spindle- 
shaped or rod-like, colourless, ribbed spicules, free from warts 
or spines. At the basal end there is a small globular 
swelling with very thin walls, above that there is a longer 
spindle-shaped swelling ; from the upper end of the latter 
two grooves run up the rachis, one prorachidial, the other 
metarachidial. At the lower end of the rachis the immature 
polyps form a single row on each pararachidial surface, those 
on one side alternating with those on the other, As the 
polyps reach maturity they assume a more dorso-lateral 
position ; they are large (4°5-5°5 mm.), closely apposed to 
the stem, abruptly truncated, and the retracted tentacles 
form an eight-rayed star. 

The specimen seems intermediate between P. aberrans, 
KOoll., and P. Carpenteri, Koll. 

Locality. Station 151, 142-400 fath. 


Juncoptilum Alcocki, gen. et sp. n. 


Eight unbranched fragments of an interesting new form. 
The white axis is cylindrical and subcylindrical ; the verrucie 
are at first in short spirals, but alternate higher up, they 
contain abundant ova (0'15-0°2 mm. in diameter) and some 
flat circular embryos (0°52-0°55 mm. in diameter); the 
spicules are slender fluted rods from a very pale toa deep 
sherry colour. Above each verruca and a little to one side 
there are two small oval openings; if these represent rudi- 
mentary autozooids, the specimens approach Leptoptilum, 
but differ in having appressed verruce without projecting 
spines; if they represent siphonozooids, the specimens 
approach Protoptilum, but differ in not having the polyps in 
groups of three or two. The occurrence of viviparity, as in 
Hickson’s Gorgonia capensis, is of interest. 

Lecality. Station 231, 836 fath. 


Microptilum Willemoesi, Kolliker. 


A complete specimen, with cylindrical axis, quadrangular 
to cylindrical stalk, alternate biserial zooids, needle-like 
spicules, and so on, is referable to this species. 

Locahty. Audaman Sea, 650 fath. 


On Me 


556 On Deep-Sea Alcyonaria from the Indian Ocean. 


Leptoptilum sp. 


Two fragments, with quadrangular grooved axis, with 
biserial alternate colourless polyps (7 mm. in length by 
2 mm. in breadth, with eight projecting acicular poimts), 
approaches L. gracilis, but the polyps of that species are 
described as 8-4 mm. in length. 

Locality. Bay of Bengal, 753 fath. 


Family Kophobelemnoide. 


Kophobelemnon Burgeri, Herklots. 


A complete colony, slightly club-shaped, 57 mm. in height, 
agrees closely with the description given by Wrightand Studer. 
Locality. Station 169, 91 fath. 


Family Umbellulide. 


The collection includes representatives of five or six species 
of Umbellula which have not been adequately studied as yet. 


Family Anthoptilide. 
Anthoptilum Murrayi, Kolliker. 


Two incomplete specimens with the polyps all rubbed off. 
The pit-like markings left show that the autozooids were 
arranged in oblique transverse rows of two or three. The 
prorachidial surface is marked by a deep broad groove, the 
metarachidial surface by a narrow groove, so that the polyp- 
bearing surface is divided into two strips. 

The specimens differ from A. Murrayi in being altogether 
dull white, while the ‘Challenger’ specimen was pale red, 
with brown polyps aud colourless stalk. Moreover, the axis 
in the present specimens is more or less quadrangular, not 
cylindrical. 

Locality. Station 104, 1000 fath. 


Family Funiculinide, 
Funiculina sp. ? 


Twelve specimens with quadrangular axis grooved on each 
side, with a basal club-shaped swelling, with dark-coloured 
autozooids with spicular calices in groups of four, with 
minute white prorachidial siphonozooids. The spicules are 
long smooth rods with ribs. 

Locality, Station 197, 406 fath, 


qo 
Gr 
~l 


On Acara subocularis, Cope. 


Stachyptilum fuscum, sp. un. 


A club-shaped specimen, with autozooids arranged in ten 
oblique rows on each side, each row consisting of 3-4 polyps, 
with brown siphonozooids on the surface not occupied by 
the autozooids. The spicules are rod-hke with jagged ends 
and 4- or 5-rayed forms, some vertebra-like. In several 
respects the specimen approaches St. Macleari. 

Locality. Station 213, 137-131 fath. 


Family Pennatulide. 


The collecticn also includes Pennatula Murrayi, WKollker, 
and three other species, and one species of Pteroeides. 


LXX1V.—Deseription of Acara subocularis, Cope. 
By C. Tate Reaan, B.A. 


THE species described below has generally been placed in the 
genus Geophagus, no doubt on account of its resemblance to 
Geophagus cupido, Heck. ‘This will explain its omission 
from my revision of the genus Acara in the April number of 
the ‘ Annals. Mr. Rudolf von Ihering recently brought me 
an example for identification, and when I determined it as 
Geophagus Thayeri he pointed out that there was no lobe on 
the upper part of the anterior branchial arch. In none of the 
three specimens in the British Museum Collection is there 
any trace of a lobe on the upper part of the anterior branchial 
arch. Consequently this species falls in the genus Acara, 
and there can be no doubt that its position is next to Acara 
Geay?, Pellegr., which it resembles in many respects. It is 
worth notice that in most species of Acara the scales of the 
thoracic region are nearly as large as those on the side of the 
body, in A. rivulata they are smaller, in A. Geayt con- 
siderably smaller, and in A. subocularis very small. 


Acara subocularis. 


Geophagus (Mesops) Thayert (non Acara Thayeri, Steind.), Steind. Sitzb, 
Ak. Wien, Ixxi. 1875, p. 108, pl. iil. fig. 2. 

Acara subocularis, Cope, Proc. Am, Phil. Soc. xvii. 1878, p. 696. 

Geophagus Thayert, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1903, p. 189 
(1904). 


Depth of body 24-24 in the length, length of head 33-3}. 


558 Mr. R. von Ihering on new 


Snout 24-3 in the length of head, diameter of eye 3-34, inter- 
orbital width 33-33, depth of preorbital 3-33. Maxillary 
not extending to below the eye; jaws equal anteriorly ; fold 
of the lower lip continuous ; cheek with 5 to 7 series of scales; 
preoperculum scaleless; 2 or 3 gill-rakers on the upper part 
of the anterior arch, 7 to 9 on the lower. Scales 29-30% , 
2 between lateral line and anterior rays of soft dorsal, 
those of the thoracic region very small. Dorsal XIII-XIV 
10-11 (12), commencing above the opercular cleft, the spines 
subequal from the fourth, the last } the length of head or more. 
Anal III 8-9. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. Pectoral 
longer than the head, extending to above the anal spines. 
Caudal slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle longer than 
deep. Brownish; a blackish vertical stripe through the 
eye; sometimes a dark blotch on the middle of the side; 
membrane between first 4 or 5 dorsal spines blackish at the 
tip; middle of caudal with dark cross-bars. 
R. Amazon. 


1-3. (81-101 mm.) Obidos. Prof. A. Agassiz. 
3, (102 mm.) L. Hyanuary. Mus. Comp. Zool. 


LXXV.—Descriptions of Four new Loricartid Fishes of the 
Genus Plecostomus from Brazil. By WRuDOLF VON 
IHERING. 


THE fishes described below were brought by me from the 
Museo Paulista, SAo Paulo, Brazil, for comparison with the 
specimens preserved in the Natural History Museum. In 
writing these descriptions I have been helped by advice from 
Mr. C. Tate Regan, who has also kindly given me his 
authority that the species are distinct from those described by 
him in his Monograph of the Loricariide. 


Plecostomus Regant. 


Depth of body 43-42 in the length, length of head 3}. 
Depth of head 12 in its length, breadth of head 12, length of 
snout 13, diameter of eye 54-6, interorbital width 24-23. 
Length of mandibular ramus 2 in the interorbital width. 
Barbel ? the diameter of eye. Snout broad, rounded. Supra- 
orbital margins not raised, supraoccipital with a very slight 
median elevation ; temporal plates not carinate. Scutes 
spinulose, the anterior ones of the two upper series weakly 


Loricaritd Fishes from Brazil. 559 


carinate ; 29 in a longitudinal series, 7-8 between dorsal and 
adipose fin, 16 between anal and caudal. Supraoccipital 
entirely bordered posteriorly by a single scute. Lower 
surface of head and abdomen completely covered with small 
granular scales, except for a median naked area behind the 
lower lip. Dorsal I 7, the first ray nearly as long as the 
distance from its base to the tip of snout, when laid back 
extending to the adipose fin; last ray } as long as the first. 
Length of base of dorsal equal to its distance from the 
posterior part of the spine of the adipose fin. Anal I 4. 
Pectoral spine extending to anterior } of ventral or a little 
beyond. Caudal moderately emarginate, the lower lobe the 
longer. Caudal peduncle 23-3 as long as deep. Some 
rather small light spots on the upper part of head and body ; 
dorsal brownish, with light spots posteriorly. 

‘Two specimens, 205 and 275 mm. in total length, from 
the Rio Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. This species is allied 
to P. alatus, Casteln. 


Plecostomus tietensis. 


Depth of body 43 in the length, length of head 3}. Depth 
of head 12 in its length, breadth of head 1, length ot snout 12, 
diameter of eye 62, interorbital width 22. Length of mandi- 
bular ramus 24 in the interorbital width. Barbel ? the 
diameter of eye. Snout broad, rounded; supraorbital 
margins slightly raised; supraoccipital without median 
ridge, nearly flat; temporal plates not carinate. Scutes 
spinulose, not carinate, 27 in a longitudinal series, 7 between 
dorsal and adipose fin, 14 between anal and caudal. Supra- 
occipital bordered posteriorly by a median scute and by one 
on each side. Lower surface of head and abdomen naked, 
except for a granular strip between the bases of the pectorals. 
Dorsal I 7, the first ray 4 the length of head, when laid back 
reaching a little beyond the base of the last ray, which is 3 
as long; length of base of dorsal equal to its distance from 
posterior part of spine of adipose tin. AnalI 4. Pectoral 
extending to anterior } of ventral. Caudal slightly and 
obliquely emarginate. Caudal peduncle 3 times as long as 
deep. Upper part of head with dark stripes or vermicu- 
lations ; body with dark spots; fins with dark cross-bars or 
series of spots. 

One specimen, 160 mm. in total length, from the Rio 
Tiete, SAo Paulo, Brazil. 

This species is nearest to P. Vadllunti, Steind., but is very 
distinct. 


560 On new Loricariid Fishes from Brazil. 


Plecostomus paulinus. 


Depth of body 5} in the length, length of head 34. Depth 
of head 14 in its length, breadth of head nearly 1, length of 
snout 14, diameter of eye 6, interorbital width 3. Length of 
mandibular ramus 12 in the interorbital width. Barbel 
nearly ? the diameter of eye. Snout broad, obtuse ; supra- 
orbital edges slightly raised; supraoccipital with slight 
median elevation; temporal plates not carinate. Scutes 
spinulose, not carinate, 25 in a longitudinal series, 6 between 
dorsal and adipose fin, 13 between anal and caudal. Supra- 
occipital entirely bordered posteriorly by a single scute. 
Lower surface of head and abdomen partly covered with 
granular scales ; a median naked area behind the mouth, and 
a large naked area at the base of each ventral, extending 
forwards and confluent anteriorly with that of the other side. 
Dorsal I 7, the first ray 2 the length of head, when laid back 
extending slightly beyond the base of the last, which is 2 as 
long ; length of base of dorsal equal to its distance from 
posterior part of spine of adipose fin. AnalI4. Pectoral 
spine extending to anterior 4 of ventral. Caudal slightly and 
obliquely emarginate. Caudal peduncle 3 times as long as 
deep. Uniformly olivaceous, fins dusky. 

A single specimen, 160 mm. in total length, from the Rio 
Piracicaba, SH0 Paulo, Brazil. 

Allied to P. latirostris, Regan. 


Plecostomus Hermannt. 


Depth of body about 5 in the length, length of head 3}. 
Depth of head 12 in its length, breadth of head nearly 1, 
length of snout 14, diameter of eye about 6, interorbital 
width 22. Length of mandibular ramus 12 in the inter- 
orbital width. Barbel nearly equal to the diameter of eye. 
Snout moderately narrowed anteriorly ; supraorbital edges 
not raised ; supraoccipital nearly flat; temporal plates not 
carinate. Scutes spinulose, not carinate, 26 in a longitudinal 
series, 6 between dorsal and adipose fin, 13 between anal and 
caudal. Supraoccipital entirely bordered posteriorly by a 
single scute. Lower surface of head and abdomen in great 
part covered with small granular scales, with a naked area at 
the base of each ventral. Dorsal 17, the first ray nearly 
equal to the length of head, when laid back extending a 
little beyond the base of the last, which is $ as long; length 
of base of dorsal equal to its distance from the tip of spine of 
adipose fin, Anal 14. Pectoral spine bristly, extending to 


On anew Cavernularid from Ceylon. 561 


anterior } of ventral. Caudal slightly and obliquely emargi- 
nate. Caudal peduncle 23 as long as deep. ‘Traces of dark 
spots on the upper surface of the head. Dorsal fin with the 
posterior part of each interradial membrane dusky, 

One specimen 210 mm. in total length, from the Rio 
Piracicaba, So Paulo, Brazil. 

This species is closely allied to P. Garmani, Regan. I 
have named it after my father, Dr. H. von Ihering. 


LXXVI.— Description of a new Snake from Venezuela. 
By G. A. BouLENGER, F’.R.S. 


Leptognathus latifrontalis. 


Body strongly compressed. Lye large, its diameter once 
and a half its distance from the oral border. Rostral a little 
broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals two 
thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal slightly broader 
than long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, 
shorter than the parietals; nasal divided, the posterior part 
fused with the loreal, which enters the eye; a single pre- 
ocular ; two postoculars; temporals 2+3 or 2+4; eight or 
ten upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and 
sixth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its 
fellow behind the symphysial; three pairs of chin-shields, 
anterior as long as broad. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals 
enlarged and a little broader than long. Ventrals 194; anal 
entire ; subcaudals 95. Reddish brown above, with darker 
cross-bands broader than the spaces between them; lower 
parts pale brown, speckled with whitish. 

Total length 800 mm.; tail 220. 

A single female specimen collected at Aricaqua, 1000 m. 
altitude, by Sr. Bricefio. 


LXXVII.—A new Cavernularid from Ceylon. 
By James J. Simpson, M.A., University of Aberdeen, 
[Plate XVII] 
THE collection of Alcyonarians made by Professor W. A, 
Herdman, D.Sc., F.R.S., in Ceylon Seas (1902) included a 


small specimen of much interest which was overlooked in the 


report by Prof. J. Arthur Thomson and Mr, W. D. Henderson 


562 Mr. J. J. Simpson on a new 


(Ceylon Reports, Royal Society London, vol. iii. 1905). The 
specimen dredged off Ceylon is a Cavernularid with very 
distinctive characters and apparently quite new to science. I 
am indebted to Professors Herdman and Thomson for the 
opportunity of studying this interesting type. 

The colony shows no trace of attachment, and consists of a 
polyp-bearing upper portion, somewhat ovoid in shape or like 
a compressed cylinder with hemispherical ends, separated by 
a constriction from a short, compressed, relatively slender, 
sterile stalk or trunk, the whole presenting the appearance of 
a thick club with a short handle (see Pl. XVII. fig. 1). A 
section of the stock, whether transverse or longitudinal, has 
the form of a broadly terminated ellipse. 

The external measurements are the following :— 

(1) Total length 3°7, breadth 1:7, thickness 1 cm. 

(2) Stock: length 2°5, breadth 1:7, thickness 1 cm. 

(3) Trunk: length 1:2, breadth 0°6, thickness 0°45 cm. 

(4) Constriction 0°65 em. in breadth. 

The general colour of the colony is a dark brown ap- 
proaching a chocolate-colour, but when seen through a lens it 
seems decidedly lighter. Some parts of the trunk appear 
quite whitish ; this is due to the spicules shining through the 
slightly differentiated cortical layer. Over the whole surface 
of the stock there are pit-like depressions into which the 
polyps have been retracted. Under a low-power microscope 
the surface presents a peculiar warty appearance, due to 
small hemispherical structures (groups of spicules) which are 
lighter in colour than the general background. 

The polyps are dimorphic, the smaller siphonozooids being 
scattered irregularly among the larger autozooids, which are 
separated by distances varying from 1 to 3 mm. ‘The auto- 
zooids are all retracted except in one small depression. The 
walls of the polyp-cavities seem to contract over the retracted 
autozooids, the cavities measuring about 0°35 mm. across, 
those of the siphonozooids 0°15 to 0°2 mm. The fully 
expanded autozooid is about 0°75 to 1 mm. in length, and 
the tentacles measure 0°7 mm. (see fig, 2). 

The coenenchyma is densely spiculate, the spicules varying 
greatly in form and size in the different parts. ‘There are 
three distinct central canals in the stock which pass down to 
the very tip of the trunk (fig. 3). The spicules are arranged 
in bundles supporting the polyp-cavities. ‘The larger polyps 
contain numerous ova measuring 0°01 to 0°025 mm. in 
diameter. 

A summary description of the spicules is almost impossible 
because of the number of different forms presented in even a 


Cavernularid from Ceylon. 563 


small portion. They vary to a considerable extent in the 
different parts of the colony, but a few characteristic points 
may be noted as common to all. In certain respects they 
resemble sponge-spicules more than the typical Aleyonarian 
forms, especially in the fact that they are hyaline and smooth. 
Many, however, bear digitiform processes, though they could 
in no way be termed echinulate or warty. In many cases 
the terminal processes do not end bluntly, but present the 
appearance of attached cylinders. In the bifurcated forms 
they closely resemble a double-barrelled gun. Another 
noteworthy point is the characteristic annulated structure 
most prominent on the cylindrical forms or those with 
cylindrical terminations. 

A detailed examination of the spicules reveals remarkable 
peculiarities; those of the cortical layer of the stock are 
arranged in small groups, which give the colony the warty 
appearance already referred to. They include the following 
types :-— 

(a) Blunt spindles, 0°3 x 0:05 to 0°15 x 0°05 mm. 

(5) Sinuous cylinders, 0°3 x 0°025 mm. 

(c) Pyriform and elongated forms, 0°5 x 0°075 mm. 

(d) Double vases, 0°3 X01 mm. 

(©) Club-shaped, with digitiform terminal processes, 0°3 x 

0°05 mm. 
(7) Others approaching a palmate form, 0°25 x 0°075 mm. 
(fig. 4). 

Those nee ccd the body-parenchyma of the stock include 
the following types :— 

(a) Cylinders with processes at both ends, 0°5 x 0-075, 

0-7 x 0°05 mm. 
(>) Sinuous, with digitiform terminations, 0°5 x 0-1, 0°6 x 
0-075 mm. 

(c) Club-shaped, with digitiform processes, 0°55 x 0:05 mm. 

(d) Double barrels, 0°5 x 0:05, 0°7 x 0:05 mm. 

(e) Forms like a long bone bereft of epiphyses, 0-4 x 0°02, 

0-5 x 0°02; 0°5 < 0-025 mm. 

(7) lregular and sinuous forms, 0°45 x 0°05 mm. (fig. 5). 

Those of the trunk, which are on the whole larger than 
those in the stock coenenchyma, include :— 

(a) Spindles, 0°8 x 0-1, 0°5 x 0°05 mm. 

(0) Palmate forms, 0°6 x 0-1, 0°45 x 0°05 mm. 

(c) Clubs, 0°55 x 0°01 mm. 

(d) Cylindrical forms, 0°45 x 0-025 mm. (fig. 6). 

An attempt to cut sections proved a failure, and it was 
thought undesirable to sacrifice much of the single specimen, 
which had already been cut into four pieces. 


564 On a new Cavernularid from Ceylon. 


There seems no room for doubt that this remark ible form 
is related to “ Cavernularia,” e. g., in general club-like shape, 
distinction between stock and trunk, dimorphism of zooids, 
and in the absence of spicules from the polyp-tentacles. A 
tabular contrast between Klliker’s description of the genus 
and the characters of Herdman’s specimen will show the 
distinctiveness of the latter :— 


(a) Polyps 3-7 mm. in length. (a) Not exceeding 1 mm. 

(4) Axis small or absent. (6) Axis absent. 

(c) Spicules long and slender, also (c) Besides the long and slender 
slightly flattened. forms, which show no trace 


of flattening, there are very 
numerous short broad forms 
of very diverse shapes. 


(2) Stock and trunk cylindrical. (d) Rather elliptical. 
(e) Stock and trunk continuous. (e) Separated by a constriction. 
(7) Four canals in trunk and stock (f) Three canals in the stock, 
well developed. which become less distinct, 
almost appearing as two in 
the trunk. 


(7) Zooids not so numerous as in 
Kolliker’s description. 


Thus Herdman’s specimen differs from Cavernu/aria in 

the length of the autozooids, in the frequency of the siphono- 
zooids, in the shape and character of the stock and trunk, in 
the riumber of longitudinal canals, and in the details of 
spiculation. Although Cavernularia obesa is a variable form, 
none cf the varieties present any close resemblance to our 
specimen. It also differs from C. madetrensis (Studer) both 
_in the size and frequency of the zooids. The genera Stylo- 
belemnon (KOlliker) and Stylobelemnoides (Thomson and 
Henderson) need not be considered. 
« It seems necessary, therefore, to establish a new genus in 
the subfamily Cavernularide, and it is interesting to note 
that the Ceylon collection included another new genus (Stylo- 
belemnoides) also in the same subfamily. I propose to name 
the new form 


Fusticularia Herdmani, gen. et sp.n. (Pl. XVII.) 


A somewhat sponge-like Cavernularid with a flattened 
ovoid stock separated by a constriction from a comparatively 
slender sterile trunk ; with dimorphic retractile polyps, the 
autozooids not exceeding 1 mm. in length, the much smaller 
siphonozooids scattered irregularly among the autozooids ; 
with abundant densely spiculate coenenchyma, traversed by 
three longitudinal central canals passing down into the 


On a new Species of Cymonomus. 565 


trank ; with smooth hyaline spicules bearing peculiar 
digitiform terminal processes and showing very characteristic 
annulations, especially near the ends. 

Locality. Cheval Paar, S.E. of Ceylon, 6 fathoms. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. 


Fig. 1. Fusticularia Herdmani, whole colony, natural size. 
Fig. 2. Portion enlarged, showing the different staves of retraction of the 
autozooids. 


Fig. 3. Transverse section of the stock, showing three central canals. 
Fig. 4. Spicules of the cortical layer or cuticle. 


Fig. 5. Spicules of the body-parenchyma. 
Fig. 6. Spicules of the trunk. 


LXXVIII—Natural History Notes from the R.ILM.S. Ship 
‘ Investigator, Capt. T. H. Heming, R.N., commanding.— 
Series III., No. 9. On a new Species of the Dorippoid 
Genus Cymonomus from the Andaman Sea, considered with 
reference to the Distribution of the Dorippide ; with some 
Remarks on the allied Genus Cymonomops. By A. Aucock, 
M.B., LL.D., F.B.S., Superintendent of the Indian 
Museum and Professor of Zoology in the Medical College 
of Bengal. 

[Plate XVII] 
ConTENTs. 
1. Cymonomus and the st iia 
2. Cymonomus characterized, and C. andamanicus distinguished and 
differentiated. 
3. Geographical Distribution of Cymonomus and other Dorippoid 


4. Remarks on the Genus Cymonomops. 
5. List of the Dorippide. 


1. Cruoxomuvs anv THE Dorrerrmz. 


The small blind deep-sea crabs of the genus Cymonomus 
have, in the ‘Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science’ for 
December 1903, formed the subject of a paper, by Professor 
Ray Lankester, of much interest both biological and taxo- 
nomic; so that the discovery of a representative of the genus 
in the Andaman Sea may, perhaps, be thought worthy of 
independent notice, especially as it invites zoogeographical 
inquiries that seem to deserve consideration. 

Cymonomus belongs to the Oxystome family Dorippida— 
a primitive family, in the typical members of which, as in 


566 Prof. A. Alcock on a new Species of 


the still more primitive Dromiacea, the separation of the 
orbital and antennular fosse is very incomplete, and the 
antenna is large and the elements of its peduncle are 
unusually distinct ; and in which also, as in many of the 
Dromides, the last two pairs of thoracic appendages are sub- 
cheliform and reduced in size, have a strong dorsal elevation, 
and are often used for holding some kind of protective 
covering—such as a valve of a Lamellibranch shell, a worm- 
tube, a water-logged piece of drift vegetation, or some- 
times an inert commensal— over the back, the habit indicating 
a passive disposition and a secluded life. 

The family Dorippidee at present embraces 10 genera and 
perhaps 50 recent species, many of which, in conformity 
with a well-established ‘‘ law”’ applicable to primitive forms, 
have been driven into the depths of the sea. 

[I must here remark that I do not include the genus 
Palicus, Philippi (= Cymopolia, Roux), with the Dorippide, 
although it was so placed by H. Milne-Edwards and is so 
retained by Bouvier. Palicus seems to me to be an aberrant 
Grapsoid. It may be added that this exclusion in no way 
affects the question here considered, since in the matter of 
geographical distribution Palicus presents no points of 
disagreement. | 


2. CYyMonoMUS CHARACTERIZED, AND C. ANDAMANICUS 
DISTINGUISHED AND DIFFERENTIATED. 


Cymonomus, A. Milne-Edwards. 

Cymonomus, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, viii. 
1, 1880, p. 26; Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, Crust. Décap. ‘ Hiron- 
delle’ (Monaco, 1894), p. 57, and Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 
xxvii. 1, 1902, pp. 72, 80; Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (8) 
ix. 1898, p.59; Young, Stalk-eyed Crust. W. Indies, &c. 1900, 
pp- 821, 823; Lankester, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., Dec. 1903, p. 435. 

Carapace square or squarish, not concealing the anterior 

segments of the abdomen; with the regions faintly defined, 
except the cardiac and postgastric, which are very distinct. 

The front forms a rostrum, and the orbito-antennal 

border is prominent beyond the antero-lateral angles of the 
carapace; apart from this there are no indications of orbits 
or antennular fosse. 

The eye-stalks are either fixed or have their mobility 

diminished, and the eyes are unpigmented and vestigial. 

The antennules are large and unconcealed. The antennal 

peduncle is not hidden and its renal tubercle is particularly 
prominent. 

The buccal cavern is large and square; its roof is high 


Cymonomus from the Andaman Sea. 567 


and is not well differentiated from the receding epistome, so 
that in an end-on view it is widely open, although ventrally 
it is closed by the external maxillipeds. ‘The efferent 
branchial channels are separated, so that the endopodite of 
the first maxillipeds (which is so much produced in typical 
Oxystomes, where the channels lie side by side in the muddle 
line of the palate) is of no great length, being much shorter 
than the exopodite. 

In the first maxillipeds the epipodite is well developed, in 
the second it is almost vestigial, and in the third (external 
maxillipeds) it is small. 

The external maxillipeds, though the ischium and merus 
are rather narrow, almost cover the buccal cavern ventrally, 
extending beyond the base of the antennal peduncles. The 
merus is produced far beyond the carpal articulation, so that 
it is not much shorter than the ischium. The flagellum is 
large, coarse, and completely exposed. No afferent branchial 
fissure is apparent between the carapace and the base of the 
chelipeds, this area being completely closed by the coxa of 
the external maxillipeds. 

The chelipeds are equal, much shorter, and in the male 
considerably stouter, than the true crawling-legs. 

The first and second pair of true legs are very long, especially 
as to the dactylus, and are somewhat compressed ; the third 
and fourth pair are short, and in claw-like dactyli, and have 
the dorsal elevation usual for the family. 

The abdomen is large, its breadth, even in the male, 
corresponding with that of the thoracic sternum; all its 
segments are distinct, and the three anterior ones are visible 
in a dorsal view. In the male there are two pairs of large 
abdominal appendages modified for sexual purposes; in the 
female, according to Bouvier, there are only three pairs of 
abdominal appendages. 

The oviducts, according to Bouvier, open on the coxe of 
the second pair of true legs. 

The branchial formula given by Bouvier for the European 
and West Indian species, to which also the Indian species 
conforms, is as follows :— 


Somites and Podo- Arthro- Pleuro- 
their appendages. branchiz. branchiz. branchie. Total. 
VIL. (1st ce ee epip. (large). ie fe epip. 
VUI. ae 5, vestigial epip. a aay vest. epip. 
IX. (Sr z i epip. *(smal 1). 2 : 2+-epip. 
X. tesliped2) ak af 2 + 2 
XI, (1st true legs) .. ae. se x 1 


3 epip. 4 | o+5 epip. 


568 Prof. A. Alcock on a new Species of 


Cymonomus andamanicus, sp.n. (Plate XVII) 


The entire surface of the body and of all the exposed parts 
of its appendages, except the terminal joint of the antennular 
peduncles, is finely frosted. 

Carapace slightly, though manifestly, broader behind than 
in front, without any marginal spinules; the lateral borders 
are ill-defined posteriorly, and the posterior border is con- 
cave in the middle line; the usual regions and furrows are 
rather faintly indicated. 

Rostrum triangular, acute, reaching to the middle of the 
eye-stalks : the frontal border on either side of it is advanced 
beyond the antero-lateral angles of the carapace, but the 
subantennal tooth, which is so conspicuous in C. guadratus, 
is small and quite invisible in a dorsal view, though plain 
enough in a side view. 

The eye-stalks, which are rigidly fixed, divergent, and 
slightly curved, are devoid of hairs and enlarged spinules 
and do not reach the tip of the antepenultimate joint of the 
antennal peduncle ; the eye isa small, smooth, unpigmented, 
subterminal patch. 

The antennules are stout, and their peduncle is more than 
three-fourths the length of the carapace. 

The antennz are shorter and slenderer than the anten- 
nules; their peduncle does not reach the terminal third of 
the second joint of that of the antennules, and none of its 
joints are spinose; their lash is rather more than half the 
length of the carapace. 

The gap between the epistome and the anterior end of the 
external maxillipeds is singularly wide and almost sub- 
tubular; on either side of the epistome is a spinule which 
may, perhaps, serve to separate the inhalant from the 
exhalant currents. The epipodite of the first maxillipeds is 
broadly foliaceons. 

The chelipeds of the male are equal, about half again as 
long as the carapace, and not very massive; a spinule at 
the inner angle of the wrist and a few on the upper border 
and outer surface of the hand are enlarged; the hand is 
longer than the ischium and merus combined, the fingers 
are slightly longer than the palm and their cutting-edge is 
entire. 

The first pair of true legs are about 3 times, the second 
pair about 3? times the length of the carapace ; their dactyli 
are subfalcate; that of the first pair contributing decidedly 
less, and that of the third pair a little more, than one third 
the total length of the appendage. The third par of legs 


a. et tia ‘we Pes 


Cymonomus from the Andaman Sea. 569 


are about once and a half, the fourth pair about once and a 
quarter, the length of the carapace, the dactylus in both 
having the form of a small claw. 

The length of the carapace is 8°5 millim., the breadth 
posteriorly 8 millim., and the breadth across the antero- 
lateral angles 7 millim. 

A single specimen was taken just inside the Andaman 
basin, at ‘Investigator’ Station 322: lat. 11° 26! 30”, long. 
92° 53/ 45”, depth 878 fathoms; bottom green mud with 
Foraminifera. Unfortunately the bottom-temperature was 
not recorded, but from previous observations we can infer 
that it was between 47° and 48° Fahr. 

The chief differences between C. andamanicus on the one 
hand and the Atlantic species C. granulatus and C. quadratus 
on the other are as follows :— 

The carapace is less square, its lateral borders being dis- 
tinctly, if slightly, convergent anteriorly ; its cervical and 
branchial grooves are somewhat fainter dorsally; and 
there are no spines at its antero-lateral angles. The rostrum 
also is broader and much less prominent. 

The eye-stalks are quite immovable, and, though micro- 
scopically granulose, are not at all spinous. 

The cutting-edges of the fingers of the chelipeds are not 
serrated, but, to the naked eye, are quite entire. 

From C. granulatus the present species is further dis- 
tinguished by the much smaller subantennal tooth at the 
outer angle of the buccal cavern; and from C. quadratus by 
the fact that the outer border of the antepenultimate joiut 
of the antennal peduncle is not sharply serrated. 


3. GEoGRAPHICAL DisTRIBUTION OF C¥yywonomus AND 
OTHER Dorippoip GENERA. 


The singular sort of residual distribution of Cymonomus 
requires to be explained, but as it fairly well exemplifies 
that of the family, it may be considered with that of all the 
other genera of the group, in the way that the subject has 
already been presented by Professor Bouvier, in his paper 
on the classification, origin, and distribution of the family, . 
published in the ‘ Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de 
Paris’ for 1896-1897, pp. 67-69. 


1. Dorivre, Fabr.—This genus, which is composed of 12 
or 13 recent species, belongs to the fauna of the shallow 
water, not having hitherto been found outside the 60-fathom 
line. Its headquarters appear to be in South-eastern and 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 38 


570 Prof. A. Aleock on the Distribution of 


Eastern Asia, from the Bay of Bengal to Japan and Australia. 
On the other hand, two species occur in the Mediterranean, 
and one off the West Coast of Africa (Cape Verde to the 
Congo). One of the commonest Indo-Pacific species ~ 
(D. dorsipes, L.) is also met with off the east coast of 
Africa. 


2. Ernvsa, Roux.—This genus consists of 14 species, and 
though found in the Mediterranean and in some parts of the 
Western Hemisphere, in quite shallow water (13-26 fathoms), 
commonly lives far down the submarine slopes between 200 
and 1200 fathoms. The species are found off the west coast 
of Tropical America, from the Gulf of California to the Cocos 
Islands (Panama); in the region of the Gulf of Mexico, from 
Florida to the Antilles, and also further north off the south 
coast of New England; in the Eastern Atlantic ia the 
neighbourhood of the Azores and Canaries; in the Mediter- 
renean Sea and its Atlantic gate ; and in Oriental Seas, 
from the Arabian Sea to Fiji. 


3. Ernusina, S. I. Smith.—Seven (or six) species are in- 
cluded in this genus and, among crabs, they are the deepest 
dwellers of any known, going down to abysses of nearly 
2200 fathoms, although one—Z. Smithiana, Faxon—has been 
taken in 134 fathoms. They have been dredged off the 
tropical Pacific coast of America, between the Galapagos and 
Cocos and the mainland ; off the east coast of the Northern 
United States of America, as far as 38° 53’ N.; in the 
neighbourhood of the Azores, of the western coast of 
Morocca, and of the Cape Verde Islands ; in the Arabian 
and Andaman Seas, and in the depths of the land-bound 
basins of the East Indian Archipelago ; and off Japan, in 
34° 37’ N. According to Faxon, two of the Eastern Pacific 
species are identical with two from the western confines of 
the same ocean. 


4. Tymorus, Stimpson, is represented by a single species 
foand in shallow water off Japan, about lat. 42° N. The 
genus is imperfectly known, but it appears to connect 
Dorippe and Ethusa with Cyclodorippe and Cymonomops. 


5. Cycrovorirrr, A. Milne-Edwards.—This genus for the 
present embraces five sublittoral species, of which three occur 
in the West Indian region, from Florida to Trinidad, in 50 
to 357 fathoms, while the other two are found in Japan 
between 35 and 200 fathoms. According to Bouvier, two of 


= 


a i ei 


Cymonomus and allied Genera. ey gl | 


the species referred by their authors to this genus—namely, 
C. dromioides, Ortmann, from Japan, and C, granulata, 
Rathbun, from off the island of Trinidad—may possibly 
belong to the next. 


6. CryrHrocerus, Bouvier, at present stands for two 
species from the West Indies and adjoining coast of North 
America as far as 32° N., and inhabiting the sublittoral zone 
at a depth of 50 to 262 fathoms. 


7. Cymonomus, A. Milne-Edwards.—Perhaps six species 
inay be assigned to this genus, their bathymetrical range 
being from 101 to 1380 fathoms. Their area of distribution 
includes the Caribbean Sea, the eastern part of the North 
Atlantic from Iceland to the Arguin Bank off the Sahara 
(about 21° N.), the western part of the Mediterranean Sea, 
the east coast of Equatorial Africa, and the Andaman Sea. 


8. Cymopvotus, A. Milne-Edwards, includes two species, 
one from 75 fathoms off the coast of Florida, the other from 
the West Indies (Montserrat), 148 fathoms. 


9. Corycopus, A. Milne- Edwards, receives a single species 
from the West-Indian region and dredged in 175-250 fathoms. 


10. CymMonomors, Alcock, rests upon a single species 
found in the land-locked basin of the Andaman Sea at 265 


and 405 fathonis. 


The foregoing summary of the facts of distribution seems 
to me to support the opinion of Bouvier that the family 
Dorippidee “appears to have had its centre of origin and 
dispersal in the Caribbean region.” It further seems to 
suggest an answer to the question whether the dispersion 
has been westwards by way of the Pacific or eastwards by 
way of the Atlantic. ‘Of any emigration westwards through 
the Pacific we find very little evidence, while in the other 
direction the grouping of the family, on the one hand, in 
what may roughly be called the Panama and West-Indian 
region, and, on the other hand, in the seas of the Oriental 
region (India to Japan and Australia), with a halfway-house 
in the eastern part of the North Atlantic and the Western 
Mediterranean, seems capable of only one interpretation— 


namely, an open-sea connexion in the direction anes by 
‘ 2 
ood 


572 Prof. A. Aleock on 


the halfway-house at a time when the primitive crabs, which 
are now represented by a furtive remnant, were a more 
flourishing stock, 

I may mention that this interpretation is confirmed by 
the distribution (tabulated in my ‘Catalogue of Brachyura 
Primigenia in the Indian Museum’) of three other families 
of primitive crabs, namely the Homolodromide, the Homo- 
lid, and the Latreillidee ; and though I must add that it 
finds no particular corroboration in the distribution of the 
Dynomenide and Dromide (which are also primitive groups 
related to the Homolidw), I may suggest, as a necessary 
explanation, that the Dynomenide and Dromide are very 
largely shallow-water and littoral forms, whose distribution 
may have since been influenced by causes which would not 
affect species that had become adapted to deep-sea conditions. 

I may also refer for corroborative evidence in this con- 
nexion to my paper in the ‘ Annals’ for October 1904 on the 
distribution of the Amphibians of the family Ceeciliide, in 
which also the suggestive geographical relations of the Indian 
sublittoral Paguridee are tabulated, 


4. REMARKS ON THE GENUS Cyuonowors. 


In the ‘ Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris,’ 
8 sér. tom. ix, (1896-1897), and again in the Report on 
the Dromiacea and Oxystomes dredged by the ‘ Blake,’ 
published in 1902, Professor Bouvier, who could not hare 
seen my paper on Indian Oxystomata, published in the 
‘Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal’ for 1896, com- 
plains that the affinities of Cymonomops have not been made 
clear ; so I take this opportunity of re-characterizing this 
genus and of adding the necessary information regarding the 
structure of its mouth-parts, the distribution of its gills, and 
the position of the openings of the oviducts. 


Cymonomops, Alcock. 


Cymonomops, Alcock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., May ee p. 406, and 
Journ. Asiatic Soc, Bengal, vol. Ixv. pt. 2, no. 2, 1896, p. 286; 
Bouvier, loc, cit. 


Carapace almost semicircular in outline, not concealing 
the anterior abdominal terga, its grooves and regions fairly 
well defined. 

The front consists of a narrow rostrum, not much breaking 
ihe general contour of the carapace and ending i in two teeth, 


the Genus Cymonomops. 573 


between and beyond which can be seen, in a dorsal view, the 
roof of the much-produced efferent branchial canal. On 
either side of the rostrum are two teeth which form the 
dorso-lateral walls of the common orbito-antennular fosse. 

The eye-stalks are slender and freely movable; the eyes 
are almost without pigment. 

The antennules, which are larger than the antenne, are not 
entirely concealed in flexion. 

The buccal cavern is of great length, its median efferent 
branchial canal, which is remarkably well defined, being 
prolonged anteriorly over the epistome and beyond the 
rostrum; it is closed ventrally and anteriorly, except as 
regards the tip of the branchial canal, by the long narrow 
external maxillipeds. 

In the external maxillipeds the merus is about three fourths 
the length of the ischium, the flagellum (which is completely 
exposed) articulates near the middle of the merus and well 
inside its edge, the exopodite (which is broad and non- 
flagellate) is hardly longer than the ischium, and the epipodite 
is absent or minutely vestigial. 

In the first maxillipeds the endopodite is nearly twice as 
long as the exopodite and is produced as far as the end of 
the efferent branchial canal, to which it forms a floor, as in 
typical Oxystomes ; and the epipodite is large and foliaceous. 

In the second maxillipeds the exopodite has the form of a 
lash and is much longer than the puuenome and the epipo- 
dite also is of great length. 

No afferent branchial fissure is visible between the carapace 
and the base of the chelipeds. 

The chelipeds are equal and are much shorter, and in both 
sexes much stonter, than the legs. 

The first and second pairs of true legs are stoutish and are 
of very great length, especially as regards the merus. ‘The 
third and fourth pairs of legs are short, almost filamentous, 
and have the usual dorsal elevation. 

The abdomen in the male is small, is not so broad as the 
corresponding part of the thoracic sternum, and carries two 
pairs of large appendages modified for sexual purposes ; in 
the female it is large and broad and earries four pairs of 
appendages ; in both sexes only six segments are distin- 
guishable. 

The oviducts open on the coxe of the second pair of true 
legs. 

The branchial formula is as follows :— R 


574 Prof. A. Alcock on the Dorippide. 


Somites and Podo- Arthro- Pleuro- 

their appendages, branchiz. branchie. branchie. Total. 
VII. (1st maxillipeds), epip. (large) aes be. epip. 
VIII. (2nd * ). epip. (large) Jk 4 epip. 

IX. (8rd es ip af 2 “e 2 

X. (chelipeds) .... Sy 2 Ay 2 

XI. (1st true legs) . ae ] J 

MLL (ANd sayy hntse: oo) 23 1 1 

2 epip. 4 2 6+2 epip. 


In addition there are two microscopic filaments, pr sbably 
the vestiges of a podobranch and arthrobranch, on 
somite VIII. 

The genus is represented by a single species (which has 
been described in the ‘Annals’ and ‘ Journal’ above cited, 
and figured on plate xiv. of the ‘‘ Illustrations of the Zoology 
of the ‘ Investigator’”’) from the Andaman Sea, 265-405 
fathoms. 


5. List or tue Dorrprrp. 


I, Dortepg, Fabricius, Entomol. Syst. Suppl. p. 561 (1798) ; 
M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. ii, 154. 


1. affinis, Desmarest, Consid. Gén. Crust. p. 135 (1825) (?=Jdanata, 
Linn. ).—Mediterranean. 
. armata, White, Miers, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) viii. 1881, p. 269, 
pl. xv. fig. 4—Cape Verde to Congo. 
. astuta, Fabricius, op. cit. p. 361, vide Alcock, J. A. S. B. Ixy. pt. 2, 
1896, p. 230.—Oriental and Australian. 
. australiensis, Miers, Zool. H.M.S. ‘Alert,’ pp. 185, 258, pl. xxvi. 
fig. D.— Australian. 
. callida, Fabricius, op, cit. p 362; M.-Kdw. Hist. Nat. Crust. ii, 157,— 
Mediterranean. 
. dorsipes (Linn.), Miers (Alcock, J. A. 8. B. lxv. pt. 2, 1896, p. 277; 
=frascone, Herbst,=quadridens, Fabr.,=quadridentata, Edw.,= 
atropos, Lam.,=nodulosa, Lam.).—E. Africa to Japan and Aus- 
tralia, 
7. facchino (Herbst), De Haan (Alcock, ¢. c. p. 278; =sima, M.-Edw.). 
—TIndia to China. 

8. granulata, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 122, pl. xxi. fig. 2 
(1850).—China and Japan. 

9. histrio, Nobili, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, Dec. 19038, p. 24, and plate.— 
Singapore. 

- 10. yaponica, v. Siebold, De Haan, /. c. pl. xxxi. fig. 1—Japan. 

11. danata (Linn.), Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. ii. 155.—Mediter- 

ranean and Atlantic Gate. 

12. polita, Aleock & Anderson, J. A. S. B. Ixiii. pt. 2, 1894, p. 208, and 

Ill. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Crust. pl. xxiv. tig. 4.—India, 
13. seadentata, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1858) 1859, 
p- 168.—Japan. 


on) So eS) 


. 


Prof. A. Alcock on the Dorippide. 575 


II. Ernusa, Roux, Crust. Médit. 1828, pl. xviii. ; M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. 
Crust. ii. 161. 


1. americana, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. C. Z. Harvard, viii. 1880, 
no. 1, p. 80; Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, Mem, Mus. C. Z. Harvard, 
xxvil. no. 1, 1902, p. 67, pl. xiii. figs. 1-4.—California, Florida. 
2. andamanica, Alcock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiii. 1894, p. 405, 
and Ill. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Crust. pl. xiv. fig. 8—Andaman Sea, 
3. ciliatifrons, Faxon, 1893, vide Mem. Mus. C. Z. Harvard, xviii. 1895, 
p. 34, pl. v. fig. 3.—Gulf of Panama. 
4, hirsuta, McArdle, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. 1900, p. 474, and 
Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Crust. pl. Ixxii. fig. 1— Arabian Sea. 
5. indica, Alcock, Ann. & Mag. l. ¢., and Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ 
Crust. pl. xiv. fig. 2—Indian Seas. 
6. lata, Rathbun, 1898, vide Faxon, t. c. p. 35, pl. vi. fig. 1 (=pubescens, 
Fax.).—Gulf of California; Cocos Island (Panama). 
7. mascarone (Herbst), M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. ji. 162.—Mediterra- 
nean; Canary Islands. 
8. microphthalma, S. 1. Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. iii, 1881, p. 418.— 
New England ; Azores. 
9. orventalis, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, 1886, p. 330, pl. xxviii. 
fig, 1.—Fiji. 
10. pugmea, Mice Ann. & May. t. c. p. 406, and Ill. Zool. ‘ Investi- 
gator,’ Crust. pl. xiv. fig. 5—Andaman Sea. 
11. rosacea, M.-Edw. & Bouv. 1897, vide A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 
Crust. Décap., Exp. Sci. ‘Travailleur’ et ‘Talisman,’ pt. i. 1900, 
p- 26, pl. ili. fig. 5, pl. x. figs. 5-8—Canary Islands and N.W. 
Africa, 
12. rugulosa, M.-Edw. & Bouy. 1897, wide A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 
op. ett. p. 24, pl. x. tigs. 1-4.—W. Africa. 
13. tenwipes, Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Sve. Washington, xi. 1897, pp. 109, 
110.— Florida. 
14. truncata, M.-Edw. & Bouv. 1899, vide A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 
Mem. Mus. C. Z. Harvard, xxvii. no. 1, 1902, p. 69, pl. xiii. 
figs. 5-8.— West Indian region. 


Ill. Eruusina, 8. I. Smith, Ann. Rep. Comm. Fish. for 1882, Decapod 
Crust. of the ‘ Albatross,’ Washington, 1884, p. 349, 


. abyssicola, S. I. Smith, /.c. pl. ii. fig. 1_—E. coast of U.S.A.; Azores, 
Cape Verde. 

. challengeri, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, 1886, p. 331, pl. xxviii. 
fig. 2.—Japan ; Galapagos. 

. desciscens, Alcock, J. A. S. B. lxv. pt. 2, 1896, p. 286, and III. Zool. 
‘Investigator,’ Crust. pl. lxxii. tig. 2.—Indian Seas. 

. gracilipes, Miers, op. cit. p. 332, pl. xxviii. fig. 3.— Oriental ; W. coast 
Tropical America. 

. mnvestigatoris, Alcock, tom. cit. p. 285, and Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ 
Crust. pl. Ixxii. tig. 3.—Arabian Sea. 

. Smithiana, Faxon, 1893, vide Mew. Mus. C. Z. Harvard, xviii. 1895, 
p. 37, pl. vi. figs. 2, 2a.—Cocos Island (W. coast Tropical 
America). 

7. talismani, M.-Edw. & Bouv. 1897, vide A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 

Crust. Décap. ‘ Travailleur’ et ‘Talisman,’ pt. i. 1900, p. 30, pl. in. 

fig. 6, pl. x. figs. 9, 10,—Azores; W. coast Morocco, 


Oo Oo —-» WW WO = 


576 Prof. A. Alcock on the Dorippide. 


IV. Tymouvs, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1858) 1859, 
p. 163 


1. japonicus, Stimpson, 1. c.—N, Japan. 


V. Cymopouus, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. C. Z. Harvard, viii. 
1880, p. 27. 


1. asper, A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, vide A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxvii. no. 1, 1902, p. 74, pl. xiv. figs. 1-6, 
pl. xv. fig. 7.—Antilles, 

2. Aygassizii, M.-Edw. & Bouy. 1899, ride A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 
tom. cit. p. 78, pl. xiv. figs. 7-9, pl. xv. figs. 1-6.—Florida. 


VI. Cymonomus, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. C. Z. Harvard, viii. 
1880, p. 26. 


1. granulatus (Norman), vide A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, Crust. 
Décap, Exp. Sci. ‘ Travailleur’ et ‘ Talisman,’ pt. i. 1900, p. 34, 
pl. xi. figs. 5-9.—Ireland to Sahara; W. Mediterranean. 

2. Normani, Lankester, Q. J. M. S. vol. xlvii., Dee. 1903, p. 456, 
pl. xxxiil. fig. 1, pl. xxxiv. figs. 8, 10.—Eastern N. Atlantic. 

3. quadratus, A. M.-Edw. 1880, ride A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 
Mem. Mus. C. Z. Harvard, xxvii. no. 1, 1902, p. 81, pl. xvi.— 
West Indian region. 

4, ‘Valdivia’ sp., Lankester, t. c. p. 458.—E. coast Africa. 

5. ‘Ingolf’ sp., Lankester, ¢. c. p. 459.—S.W. coast of Iceland. 

6. andamanicus, Alcock, ante, p. 468.—Andaman Sea. 


VII. Coryconts, A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, vide A. Milne-Edwards & 
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. C, Z. Harvard, xxvii. no. 1, 1902, p. 86. 


1. bullatus, A. M.-Edw. 1880, A. M.-Edw. & Bouy. dd. pl. x,ii.— 
W. Indian region, 


VIII, Cycioporiprr, A. M.-Edw. 1880, vide A. Milne-Edwards & 
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. C.°Z. Harvard, xxvii. no. 1, 1902, p. 94. 


1. Agassiz, A. M.-Edw. 1880; M.-Fdw. & Bouv. zbid. pl. xix. figs. 1-7, 
pl. xx. figs. 1-3.—Havana. 

2. antennaria, A. M.-Edw. 1880; M.-Edw. & Bouy. ¢. c. p. 99, pl. xix. 
fig. 8, pl. xx. figs. 4-12.— Antilles. 

3. dromioides, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. &e. Abth. vi. 1892, p. 559, 
pl. xxvi. fig. 5 (? Clythrocerus dromioides ex Bouvier).—Japan. 

4. granulata, Rathbun, Bull. Nat. Hist. Iowa, 1898, p. 293, pl. ix. fig. 1 
(? Clythrocerus granulatus ex Bouvier).—Trinidad. 

5. uncifera, Ortmann, ¢. c. p. 560, pl. xxvi. fig. 6—Japan. 


1X. CiytHrocerts, A. M.-Edw. & Bouv. 1899, vide A. Milne-Edwards 
& Bouvier, Mem. Mus. C. Z. Harvard, xxvii. no. 1, 1902, p. 90. 


1. nitidus, A. M.-Edw. & Bouy. 1899; id. ibid. pl. xviii—S.E. coast 
U.S.A.; Antilles. 


2. perpusillus, Mary Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. ii. 1900, p. 90,— 
Porto Rico, 


On Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide. 577 


X. Cymonomops, Alcock, 1894, vide J. A. S. B. Ixv. pt. 2, 1896, p. 286. 


1. glaucomma, Alcock, 1894, ibid., and Ill. Zool. ‘Investigator, Crust. 
pl. xiv. fig. 9.—Andaman Seta. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIU. 


Fig. 1. Cymonomus andamunicus, male; enlarged three times. 

Fig. 1a. The same; ventral view of anterior part of cephalothorax and 

ae i showing the buccal cavern almost completely closed 

by the external maxillipeds and the absence of any afferent 
branchial opening between the carapace and the base of the 
chelipeds; enlarged four times. 

Fig.16. The same; end-on view of the animal, showing the great 
breathing-opening between the front of the carapace and the 
anterior border of the external maxillipeds; enlarged four 
iimes, 


In concluding this paper I have to express my thanks to 
Professor E. L. Bouvier for his kindness in sending me 
specimens of Cymonomus granulatus (Norman) for com- 
parison with the new Andaman species. 


LXXIX. — Observations on Coleoptera of the Family 
Buprestide, with Descriptions of new Species. By Cuas. 
O. Warteruovse, F.E.S. 


[Continued from vol. xiv. p. 348.] 
Ageocera Fenyesi, Kerr. 


The type of this species is a rather small example of 
A. gentilis, Horn. The specimen labelled A. gentilis in 
Capt. Kerremans’ collection is A. gigas. ‘ 


Hypoprasis magnifica, Phil. 


Capt. Kerremans gives this as a synonym of H. harpago, 
Fairm. (Wytsman’s ‘ Genera,’ p. 67). I have not been able to 
see the description of this species, but the specimens 
received by the Museum with this name differ from 
H. harpago, Fairm., in having the sides of the thorax coppery, 
and the posterior angles more rugosely punctured. The 
elytra are less acuminate. I think it is a distinct species. 


Halecia soror, sp. 0. 


Fusco-zneous, shining. Head concave in front, and 
deeply longitudinally canaliculate; the clypeus coppery. 


. 


578 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on Coleoptera 


Antenne greenish blue. Thorax one quarter broader than 
long, obliquely narrowed in front, almost rectilinear at the 
middle (not angulated), slightly sinuate before the posterior 
angles, which are only very slightly or scarcely divergent. The 
disk is longitudinally, moderately strongly impressed, with a 
sharply defined central impressed line extending from the 
front margin to the basal round fovea. The punctuation on 
the disk is moderately fine and not very close; at the hind 
angles it is strouger but not closer; the area of the anterior 
ang'es is closely ‘and rather strongly punctured. The elytra 
at the humeral callus are only slightly wider than the thorax, 
but gradually widen for three fifths their length, and then 
narrow to the apex; the apices very acute. “Each elytron 
has a very slightly raised obtuse costa near the suture; a 
second extending from the shoulder joins the first near the 
apex; a third very okscure one commencing below the 
shoulder ; and the usual sublateral one. The third costa has 
a very slight interruption about the middle, and behind the 
middie it is interrupted by a moderately large but very 
shallow impression. 

Long. 21-26, lat. 7-9 mm. 

Hab. Ecuador, Balzar (Buckley). 

This species is near H. rugipennis, L. & G., but rather 
differently coloured. The thorax is straighter at the sides, 
and the discoidal impression is of more uniform width, and 
the median line is very distinct and extends the whole length, 


Halecia auropunctata, Kerr. 


There is a specimen in the Museum from Bogota which 
has scarcely any trace of the spots on the elytra so con- 
spicuous in the type specimeus of this species. 


Halecia trilineata, sp. n, 


Closely allied to H. octopunctata, Fabr., and H. decemim- 
pressa, Saund. Above obscure purple ; below bright golden 
green. Head very closely and finely punctured; with a 
narrow green line bordering the eyes, widening somewhiat on 
the lower part of the face; there is a short, slightly impressed 
median green line above the eclypeus. Thorax convex, 
narrowed towards the front, the sides rectilinear; the 
surface is rather closely punctured, the punctures rather 
stronger and ratber more asperate than in H. 10-impressa. 
There are three green lines as in that species, but they are 
scarecly impressed. There are two small impressions near 


of the Family Buprestide. 579 


the base, one on each side of the sublateral green line, 
placed obliquely. The margin is green. The anterior area 
between the green line and the margin is somewhat swollen, 
and the punctuation here is distinctly less close than in 
H. 10-impressa. he elytra have the lines of punctures 
quite distinct, much more so than in H, 10-impressa. Each 
elytron has the following golden-green marks :—a_ short 
stripe near the scutellum ; a basal fovea ; a streak below the 
humeral callus ; a moderately large impressed ovate spot on 
the disk at one-third from the base, and immediately above 
this there is a short oblique streak ; a fine, scarcely noticeable 
streak above the sublateral carina, almost uniting with the 
spot below the humeral callus ; a large, transverse, impressed 
spot at one third from the apex; a stripe at the suture at 
the apex; the extreme margin is very narrowly edged with 
green. Tibize cyaneous. 

Long. 16, lat. 6 mm. 

Hab. Mexico. 


Halecia elongata, sp. n. 


Very elongate and narrow. Purple-coppery, reflecting 
green shades in certain lights; smooth, shining; below 
eneous. Head very densely and rugosely punctured in 
front, the punctures slightly separated on the vertex. 
Thorax purple with green sides ; broadest rather behind the 
middle, slightly narrowed in front : gently simuate before 
the hind angles, which are acute. 'T here is a distinct elongate 
impression in the middle of the base. The punctures on the 
disk are very distinct, variable in size, not very close together; 
at the sides they are closer, and are ‘slightly’ crowded at the 
front angles. Elytra rather deeply striated, the strize rather 
strongly and closely punctured; the interstices gently 
convex, smooth; the sides rather closely but vaguely 
punctured. The marginal serration is strong and acute. 
The apex of each elytron is emarginate, the sutural and outer 
teeth thus formed nearly equal. Femora eneous-black. 
Tibize and tarsi ferruginous, slightly pubescent. Antenne 
reddish brown, long, the third to seventh joints very elongate. 
Abdomen in the middle finely punctured, the punctures not 
very close together; at the sides the punctuation is finer 
and much closer, with fine pubescence. 

Long. 19, lat. 6 mm. 

Hab. Ecuador, Chiguinda (Buckley). 


Halecia Buckleyi, sp. n. 


Elongate, rather narrow, above viridi-zneous, below 


580 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on Coleoptera 


brunneo-zneous, shining. Head densely and rugosely punc- 
tured in front, the punctures slightly separated on the vertex. 
Thorax broadest behind the middle, slightly narrowed in 
front, scarcely sinuate before the basal angles, which are 
slightly acute, but not prominent; the sides very gently 
arcuate. J)isk with a distinct but not very deep longitudinal 
impression extending from the base to the front margin. 
The punctures on the disk are distinct, not very close together; 
at the sides they are closer and stronger, and are somewhat 
crowded near the front angles. There is a deep fovea at the 
base, near the posterior angle. The elytra strongly punctate- 
striate, the strize rather deeply impressed near the suture, 
the interstices convex near the suture, less so laterally, the 
second and fourth costiform at the apex. There is a shallow, 
wrinkled impression at the base; a moderately large, dis- 
tinct, oblique, reniform impression at the middle; and an- 
other transversely ovate one halfway between this and the 
apex The apex of each elytron gently emarginate, the 
sutural and lateral teeth subequal. Femora blackish zneous, 
shaded with purple at the apex. Tibiz and tarsi ferruginous, 
with very short pubescence. Antenne obscure neous, the 
third joint very long, the fourth rather shorter, the following 
gradually decreasing in length. Abdomen in the middle 
finely punctured, the punctures not very close together ; at 
the sides the punctures are very fine and much closer, with 
some fine pubescence. 

Long. 14—22, lat. 44-7 mm. 

Hab. Ecuador, Sarayacu, and Chiguinda (Buckley). 

The small specimen, which is a male, is more golden green 
below, with coppery shades, and the femora are green. 


Halecia sexcostata, sp. n. 


Form of the preceding, brownish zneous above and below, 
shining. Head closely and rather rugosely punctured in 
front, the punctures slightly separated on the vertex. Thorax 
shining, slightly narrowed in front, the sides gently arcuate, 
very slightly sinuate before the posterior angles, which are 
somewhat acute. The disk witha not very deep longitudinal 
impression extending from the base to the front margin. 
The surface on each side of this with distinct but rather 
small punctures, which are rather widely separated ; towards 
the sides the punctures are somewhat stronger and crowded, 
the intervals having a tendency to form short oblique ruge. 
There is a fovea at the base near the posterior angle. ‘lhe 
elytra strongly punctate-striate, the second, fourth, and 


of the Family Buprestide. 581 


sixth interstices costiform: the first costa becomes very fine 
at the apex; the second extends from the humeral callus to 
the outer apical tooth ; the third is abbreviated at each end. 
The apex of each elytron is rather deeply emarginate, and 
the two teeth thus formed are very acute. Tibixe shaded 
with steel blue, slightly pubescent. Tarsi ferruginous, but 
more or less metallic green above. Abdomen in the middle 
more strongly punctured than in the preceding species, the 
punctures slightly elongate ; at the sides the punctuation 
is very fine and rather close. The pubescence is extremely 
short. 92. 

Long. 20, lat. 64 mm. 

Hab. Bogota. 

A single specimen presented by Sefior José Vergara, F.Z.S. 


Fialecia rugosa, sp. n. 


Elongate-elliptical, blackish zneous above, dark zneons 
below, moderately shining. Head very closely and rather 
strongly punctured, tinted with steel-blue, with a lightly 
impressed median line. Thorax moderately narrowed in 
front, broadest just behind the middle, almost straight to the 
posterior angles, which are acute and slightly prominent. 
Disk with a rather strongly marked impression extending 
from the base to the apex; it is rather broad at the base, 
narrowed in front, with a short smooth line in the middle, 
on each side of which is an irregular Jine of strong punctures. 
The punctures on the disk are small but very distinct, not 
very close together, at the sides they are very deep, larger, 
and at the anterior angles often confluent. The surface is 
very uneven ; the anterior margin is impressed, and there is a 
small fovea at the base near the hind angles. The elytra are 
at their base distinctly broader than the thorax, subparallel 
for two thirds their length, and then narrowed in the usual | 
way to the apex. They are very deeply punctate-striate, or 
rather there are lines of deep fovex, the fovee being of un- 
equal size, and sometimes two or three unite into one ; the 
second iuterstice is slightly costiform, the others are narrow 
and rendered irregular by the strong fovee. The apex of 
each elytron is emarginate, the outer tooth rather less acute 
than the sutural one. The abdomen is more strongly and 
rather more closely punctured in the middle than in the 
preceding species; at the sides it is closely and finely 
punctured, the punctures being slightly asperate.  Tarsi 
bluish green. Antenne almost black ; the second joint 
rather short, the third about one third longer, the fullowing 
rather shorter and widened towards the apex. 


£82 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on Coleoptera 


Long. 18, lat. 6 mm. 
Hab. Amazons, Barrcirao de Monte Alegre, Nov. 1873. 
A single example collected and presented by Prof. Trail. 


Halecia viridisplendens, sp. n. 


Bright golden green, shining. Head densely and mode- 
rately strongly punctured, with an impressed median line 
extending almost to the vertex. Thorax obliquely narrowed 
in front, broadest at one third from the base, somewhat 
angularly emarginate before the posterior angles; the sides 
slightly angular at the broadest part, with the margin slightly 
thickened at this part. Disk tinted with darker bluish green, 
with a little purple near the base; the darker portion finely, 
distinctly, but not very closely punctured ; the anterior part 
of the margin and all the region of the anterior angles very 
closely and more strongly punctured, the closely punctured 
surface extending along the front margin. There isa shallow 
but distinct median golden line which is impressed posteriorly. 
There is a round puncture at the base, rather nearer the 
posterior angle than the middle, and this is extended forward 
by a slight impressed punctured line as far as the middle. 
The sides are slightly impressed above the lateral angulation. 
The elytra are scarcely broader than the thorax. Each 
elytron has a slightly raised obtuse costa near the suture, of 
a slightly darker or more coppery hue than the impressed 
parts, but at the point where it diverges at the base there is 
a small green spot. There is another slightly sinuous costa 
extending from the humeral callus to the apex, of unequal 
width, and with a small green spot on the middle. There is 
a third costa arising below the shoulder and joining the 
second at a short distance from the apex; this is interrupted 
by two small green spots. Each costa has an irregular line 
of punctures on each side of it. The interstices are convex 
in the middle, the second and third each having two small 
green spots. ‘The apices are very acute, each being shghtly 
and obliquely truncate on the inner side. ‘Tarsi tinted with 
cyaneous. Abdominal segments shaded with coppery golden 
at the base. 

Long. 23, lat. 7 mm. 

Hab. Brazil, Joinville. 

This species closely resembles H. chrysodemoides, Saund., 
but differs from it in having the thorax angulated at sides ; 
the punctuation on the disk is finer, and closer at the 
anterior angles; there is an impressed longitudinal line at 
some distance from the side; and the apices of the elytra 
are much more acute. 


of the Family Buprestide. 583 


Tridotenia javana, Kerremans. 


The type specimen of this species agrees well with one in 
the Museum collection labelled by Saunders “ lineata, Deyr., 
compared with type.” 


Chrysodema navicularis, Kerr. 


This is the same as C. ventralis, Waterh., which has priority. 


Chrysodema Fairmairei, Kerr. 


In Wytsman’s ‘ Genera,’ p. 74, Capt. Kerremans has sunk 
this species as a synonym of C. Mniszechi. This is an error. 
It is really a synonym of C. DoArnii, Saund. (Mindanao). 
C. Mniszechi, Deyr., has the thorax less closely punctured ; 
it occurs in Goram and Ceram. 


Chrysodema sumatrensis, Kerr. 


I doubt if this is distinct from C. Wallacei, Deyr. Capt. 
Kerremans appears not to have known Vallacei; the speci- 
men in his collection so named was Mniszechi, Deyr. 


Chrysodema Yerburyi, sp. un. 


Elongate, elliptical, not very convex, golden green. Thorax 
gently convex, slightly narrowed in front, closely punctured, 
the punctuation more dense and finer at the sides than on 
the disk; the median raised line scarcely noticeable. There 
is a slight round impression near the side, a little behind the 
middle. Elytra only a very little wider than the thor ax, 
eently and evenly convex, green with a slight coppery shade. 
Rather closely and moderately str ongly punctured, the 
punctures uneven in size and quite irregular; near the base 
the punctures are rather stronger and are transverse, the 
intervals forming transverse rugee. The costee which are seen 
in C. auroplagiata and many other species are only seen in this 
species at the apex in the form of ay. Near the margin 
there is a finely punctured brassy impression, extending 
from the apex for two fifths the length of the elytra. Pro- 
sternum slightly convex, moderately strongly and not very 
thickly punctured. Antenne black. Legs rather bluish 
green, 

Long. 28, lat. 10 mm. 

Hab. Ceylon, Trincomali ( Yerbury). 

This is quite unlike any other species of this genus known 
to me. 


584 Mr. O. Thomas on new 


GEL&US, gen. nov. 


Closely allied to Chrysodema, but differs from all the 
species of that genus in having two sharply cut impressions 
at the base of the thorax. Just below tle shoulders the 
elytra are acutely angular. The tarsi are yellow. 

1 propose this for tie insect 1 formerly described as 
Pseudochrysodema (?) Walkeri (Anu. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1892, 
x. p. 411). 

Capt. Kerremans has more recently described it as 
Chrysodema cupriventris. 


THYMEDES, gen, nov. 


Closely allied to Chrysodema, but with a form and appear- 
ance which are suggestive of Psiloptera. Thorax evenly 
convex, without impressions, but with a slightly raised 
median line. The marginal carina extended to the anterior 
angle. Klytra strongly striato-punctate ; the apical margins 
serrate. Antenne yellow. ‘Tarsi metallic. Metathoracic 
episterna gradually acuminate posteriorly. 

I propose this generic name for Chrysodema flavicornis, 
Saund. 

The only Chrysodema known to me that at all resembles 
this is C. hebes, Kerr., but neither in that nor in any other 
species does the lateral carina of the thorax extend quite to 
the anterior angles as in flavicornis. 


[To be continued. } 


LXXX.—New Neotropical Molossus, Conepatus, Nectomys, 
Proechimys, and Agouti, with a Note on the Genus 


Mesomys. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. 


Molossus Burnesi, sp. n. 


Allied to the very small species of Molossus, M. tropido- 
rhynchus, Gray, and .M. pygmeus, Miller, but distinguished 
by the different shape of the brain-case, 

“Size about as in JL. tropidorhynchus and pygmeus, 
markedly less than in J/. obscurus, of which there are two 
specimens in the same collection. Hairs of back exceedingly 
short, less than 2 mm. in length, as against 3 in M. obscurus, 
their bases white and their tips brown, the net result being a 


t 


Neotropical Molossus, Conepatus, &e. 58: 


lighter colour than in M. obscurus. Belly paler brown, 
approaching “ broccoli-brown.”’ Muzzle not so high and 
not so conspicuously ridged as in MM. odscurus. General 
characters of ear, tragus, &c. as in other members of the 
group. Hind legs markedly shorter than in M, obscurus. 

Skull, as compared with that of M. tropidorhynchus, which 
it about equals in size, remarkable for its large, rounded, and 
inflated brain-case ; anteriorly the brain-case bulges out over 
the temporal fossa much more than in the allied species, and 
the upper part projects laterally beyond the lower. In con- 
sequence the greatest breadth of the brain-case has to be taken 
high up on the skull, and not at the base of the zygomata, 
and is equal to the same dimension in the much larger 
M. obscurus. 

Teeth apparently much as in JL. tropidorhynchus ; upper 
incisors not quite touching canines ; anterior lower premolar 
little more than half as broad as the posterior. 

Dimensions of the ty pe (measured on the spirit-specimen) :— 

Forearm 33°7 mm. 

Head and body 53; tail 31; third finger, metacarpus 35, 
Ist phalanx 16, 2nd phalanx 15; fifth finger 33; lower leg 
and foot (c. u.) 19°5, 

Skull: greatest length 16:2; basal length 12; zygomatic 
breadth 10°7; interorbital breadth 8°93; breadth of brain- 
case 89; mastoid breadth 10; front of canine to back of 
m* 6; front of lower canine to back of m, 6°7. 

Hab. Cayenne. 

Type. Female in spirit. B. M.no. 5.1.8.7. Presented 
by W. Barnes, Esq. 

This little species is evidently a member of the J/. tropido- 
rhynchus group, but may be distinguished by its short fur 
and the peculiarly swollen shape of its brain-case. Specimens 
of the true JZ. obscurus were also obtained by Mr. Barnes at 
the same time, and are at once recognizable by their very 
much larger size (forearm 39-410 mm.,). 

The nearest ally of Mf. Barnest is probably Miller’s 
—M. pygmeus* from the Island of Curagoa, but this has a 
brain-case breadth of only 8 mm., which indicates a very 
differently shaped skull. 


Conepatus tropicalis trichurus, subsp. n. 


Apparently very similar to the Mexican C. tropicalis, 
Merriam, but with decidedly longer tail, whose black is 


* P. Biol. Soc. Wash. xiii. p. 162 (1900). 
Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xv. 39 


586 Mr. O. Thomas on new 


restricted to a shorter area at the base. Dorsal white streaks 
barely extending on to the loins (about 280 mm. from com- 
mencement on crown), not “to hips.” Brush at end of tail 
very thick, the hairs attaining 110 mm, in length. Fur of 
back coarse, sparse, not very long (hairs about 30-35 mm, in 
length), less mixed with wool-hairs than in C. mapurtto. 

Skull of about the same size as in tropicalis, smaller than 
in mapurito, 

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— 

Head and body 417 mm. ; tail (vertebrae) 170; hind foot, 
set 67; ef a. 74. 

Skull: basal length 69; zygomatic breadth 46°5; mastoid 
breadth 40°5; palate length 32:7 ; length of upper molar on 
outer side 9°3. 

Hab. Panama and Costa Rica. Type from Boquete, 
Chiriqui. Alt. 4000 ft. 

Type. Male. B.M. no. 4.7.6.5. Collected 5th March, 
1904, by Mr. H. J. Watson. Five specimens examined. 

This skunk has hitherto been referred to C. mapurito, Gm., 
but the recent acquisition of a second specimen representing 
that form shows that the Central-American animal is distinct, 
being smaller, and having a shorter bushier tail, on which 
the black extends for a shorter distance at the base. It may 
also be noted, though probably an accident of preparation, 
that both our specimens of C. mapurito have the dorsal light 
colour of a dull creamy tone, while in five specimens of the 
Central-American animal it is really white. 


Nectomys dimidiatus, sp. n. 


A diminutive species with the glossy fur of the typical 
S.-American members of the genus. 

Size immensely less than in any hitherto known member 
of the typical glossy-furred Nectomys, rather smaller even 
than in N. esmeraldarum, the smallest of the fluffy-furred 
species. Fur obviously modified for an aquatic lite, close 
and glossy, with a thick velvety underfur; hairs of back 
about 6 mm.inlength. General colour of back rather lighter 
than ‘ clove-brown,” the sides becoming more “ bistre”’? A 
dull buffy line edging the dark colour on the flanks, and 
running down the inner side of the hind limbs. Belly dull 
clay-colour, deadened by the slaty bases of the hairs showing 
through. Outer side of arms greyish brown. Upper surface 
of hands and feet dull white. ‘Tail of medium length, finely 


scaled, 15 rings to the centimetre, slaty greyish above, dull 
white below. 


Neotropical Molossus, Conepatus, ce. DST 


Skull, in correlation with its smaller size, much more 
lightly built than in ordinary Nectomys ; supraorbital ridges 
little developed, the brain-case broad, smooth, and rounded. 
Zygomata widely and evenly spread. Nasals not markedly 
narrowed behind. Palatal foramina much larger than in any 
other species, narrowed in front, widely open and rounded 
behind, where they extend to the level of the front edge 
of m’. 

Molars much worn in the type, but apparently with the 
complicated structure of those of true Nectomys, with which 
their shape and general proportions agree. 

Dimensions of the type {measured in the flesh) :— 

Head and body 125 mm.; tail 115; hind foot, s. u. 26, 
ewe > ear 13. 

Skull: greatest length 30; basilar length 23:4; zygo- 
matic breadth 17 ; nasals 11°2 x 3°2 ; interorbital breadth 4°8; 
breadth of brain-case 13; palate length 12°8; diastema 7:6 ; 
palatal foramina 5°7 x 2°3 ; length of upper molar series 4:4, 

flab. Escondido River, 7 miles below Rama, Nicaragua. 

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 5. 3.4.2. Collected 5th 
November, 1904, by Mr. W. G. Palmer. 

This remarkable species, not half the bulk of any hitherto 
known member of the true glossy-furred Nectomys, is the 
first of the group found in Central America, Allen’s Sigmo- 
dontomys Alfart and the elosely allied Nectomys russulus of 
Colombia are forms with more Oryzomys-like fur; but their 
exact generic position is not at present easy to define, owing 
to want of specimens with unworn teeth. Although the same 
difficulty exists with the type of WV. dimidiatus, its general 
characters are so much like those of typical Nectomys that I 
have no hesitation in assigning it to that genus, of which it 
forms the most diminutive member. 

“ Caught in banana-plantation, on very wet red clay.” 


Proechimys Goeldit, sp. n. 


Size about as in the ordinary Para species, P. oris, Thos.* 
Colour of type a dull greyish brown, darker and more rufous 
on back, greyer and lighter on head and sides. But this 
colour is probably not that natural to the animal (which is 
presumably some shade of rufous), but is due to the action 
of the preservative in which the specimen has been kept. 
Under surface dull white, not sharply detined laterally. 
Spines of back feeble, barely exceeding half a millimetre in 
breadth, about 17-18 mm. in length, with a long slender 

* Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (7) xiv. p. 195 (1904). 


QF 
ay, 


588 Mr. O. Thomas on new 


point; greyish basally, black terminally. Fifth hind toe, 
without claw, reaching just to the level of the front of the 
pad at the base of the third and fourth digits. Mamme 6, 
two pairs higl up on the sides between the limbs, one pair 
in the inguinal region. 

Skull less ridged than that of P. cayennensis, more heavily 
built than that of P. orts, with a broader muzzle, the forehead 
convex mesially, the profile evenly convex to the middle of 
the brain-case, then strongly declining backwards, supra- 
orbital ridges not strongly developed and not continued 
backwards past the fronto-parietal suture, the surface of the 
parietals smooth and unridged. Malars slenderer and less 
high than in P. orvs. Palatal foramina short, ending 4 mm. 
in front of the molars, parallel-sided, the edges produced 
backwards as two parallel ridges enclosing the area immedi- 
ately behind the foramina, this area being at a lower level 
than the rest of the palate; septum comparatively broad. 
Posterior palatal notch penetrating to the level of the hinder 
edge of m?. Pterygoids narrow, little spatulate. Bulle of 
medium development. 

Cheek-teeth of normal size and structure, the premolar and 
last molar each with four, m? and m® each with an indication 
of five lamine. In the lower jaw the premolar appears to 
have five lamine and the molars four each. In P. oris the 
teeth throughout, upper and lower, have four laminz each. 
In P. cayennensis the upper all have four laminz, but the 
Jower premolar is as in P, Goeldit. 

Dimensions of the type (measured on thespirit-specimen) :— 

Head and body 223 mm ; tail (lost) ; hind foot (s. u.) 49; 
ear 2(). 

Skull: greatest length 56; basilar length 40; zygomatic 
breadth 27°53; nasals 21x6°5; interorbital breadth 13; 
mastoid breadth 20°53; palate length from henselion 19:3; 
diastema 12°5; palatal foramina 5x3; length of upper 
cheek-tooth series 9°8. 

Hab. Santarem, Lower Amazon. 

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 5. 1. 25.6. Presented by 
Dr. kX. A. Goeldi, after whom the species is named. 

‘The members of the genus Proechimys being only distin- 
guishable by their cranial characters, [ have ventured to 
describe this spiny rat in spite of its apparent discoloration 
and the tailless condition of the type. ‘he skull is readily 
distinguishable from that of both P. orts and the Guianan 
species P. cayennensis by its peculiar palatal foramina, even 
it the differences in the number of the molar laminew prove 
to disappear on the examination of further specimens, 


Neotropical Molossus, Conepatus, &e. 539 


Agout? sierre, sp. n. 

Size comparatively small. Fur long and thick, as in 
A. Taczanowski*. General colour about as in that animal, 
dark brown, near “ seal-brown,” but less purple. White 
spots large, subequal, not coalesced into lines, disposed, 
though rather irregularly, in three rows, of which the most 
superior approach within an inch of each other on the withers 
and are about 4 inches apart on the back, where the space is 
partly filled up by a few extra spots. ‘This Paca is therefore 
one of the most heavily and evenly spotted of the group. 
Belly-hairs whitish, washed terminally with pale brown, not 
sharply demarcated laterally. Top of head blackish brown, 
without spots ; cheeks paler brown, more or less grizzled with 
whitish; lips and throat dull whitish; a brown chin-spot 
present. Ears brown, with some whitish hairs at their ante- 
ior base. Limbs brown like the sides, their inner surfaces 
scarcely lighter ; upper surface of hands and feet of a reddish 
brown, guite different to the blackish brown of the general 
colour, something between “ umber” and “ Prouv’s brown”? ; 
sole-pads profusely granulated, except just under the heel. 
Mamme 1—1=4. 

Skull conspicuously smaller than in paca and Taczan- 
owskt?, the surface almost quite smooth (but the type is a 
female). Zygomatic concavities small. Postpalatal region 
of skull proportionally short, the postpalatal length less than 
the distance from the back of the palate to the maxillary 
suture. Teeth large, the length of the molar series con- 
spicuously greater than the maxillary part of the diastema. 
Bulle very low and small, little inflated, their antero-posterior 
length barely 14 mm., as compared to 16-17 in the allied 
forms. 

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :— 

Head and body 650 mm.; hind foot, s. u. 84, c. u. 94. 

Skull: greatest length 123; basilar length 99; zygo- 


‘matic breadth 82; nasals 41 x 22°5; interorbital breadth 35; 


tip to tip of postorbital processes 49; least breadth above 
auditory meatus 37°5; greatest posterior breadth 47°95; 
occipital height from basion 28°7 ; length of broadened surface 
of zygoma 643 greatest height of zygoma 36; zygomatic 
concavity, measured internally in horizontal plane, 34 x 13 ; 
diastema 38; postpalatal length 38; length of upper tooth- 
row (crowns) 23. 

Hab. Pedvegosa Montafias, Sierra de Merida, Venezuela. 
Alt. 2000 m. , 


* Stolzmann, Il’. Z. 8. 1885, p. 161. 


590 Mr. O. Thomas on 


Type. Adult female, permanent dentition in place. B.M. 
no. 5. 2.5.19. Collected 24th November, 1904, by S. Bricefio. 
Two specimens. An imperfect specimen from Bogota also 
apparently the same. 

“Eyes blue. Makes a nest underground, with two 
exits.”—S. B. 

The Pacas fall into two groups, those of the mountains and 
those of the plains. The former are comparatively long and 
thickly haired and darker coloured, and have the sole-pads 
distinct and profusely granulated ; so far as is yet known, 
they are confined to the mountains of N.W. 8. America. 
On the other hand, the lowland Pacas, ranging from Panama 
to South Brazil, are more sparsely covered with shorter hair, 
are paler in colour, brown or rufous, and their foot-pads are 
smoother, especially posteriorly, and less sharply defined from 
the general surface of the sole. 

‘lo the lowland group belong the forms described as paca, 
Linn., fulvus, F. Cuv., subniger, F. Cuv.*, and virgatus, 
Bangs, while to the highland series should be referred Taczan- 
owskii, Stolamann, and the present new form, which may 
be identified by its small size and very small bulle. The 
animal described by Gervais, from the skull only, as sublevis, 
from Colombia, cannot be identified, and the type is no longer 
to be found in the Paris Museum. It may have been a 
female of either paca or Taczanowski7, but, no mention being 
made of its size being specially small, it is not likely to have 
been the present species. 


Mesomys, Wagn. 


At last I am able definitely to identify the genus Jesomys 
of Wagner, which has been a puzzle to zoologists for half a 
century. Founded originally on a specimen which had lost 
its tail, an accident of most common occurrence in the group, 
tailless specimens of several cther groups have been assigned 
to it, and all sorts of erroneous conclusions have been 
published about it on this account. Of late years, as in 
Dr. Allen’s paper ft on Echimys and Proechimys, it has been 
looked upon as probably synonymous with the former. 


* Type locality Tobago. But I am informed by that excellent 
naturalist Mr. H. Caracciolo that the Paca is not indigenous to Tobago, 
and that it was probably introduced there from Trinidad. 

+ Bull. Am. Mus. N. H. xii. p. 257 (1899). Trouessart, in the recent 
Supplement to his ‘Conspectus,’ seems to have misunderstood the gist of 
Dr. Allen’s paper, as he uses Echimys for the cristatus group and Lury- 
zygomatomys for spinosus. But it is quite clear, as Dr. Allen as shown, 


that Echimys should be used for the latter and Loncheres for the former. 


_ a ae ge * 


the Genus Mesomys, 591 


I now owe to the kindness of Dr. E. A. Goeldi of Para the 
two spiny rats from Marajo mentioned incidentally in his 
paper of 1901 on Mesomys ecaudatus * ; and at first | supposed 
them to represent a new genus, but soon found that they 
corresponded so closely in all their characters with the original 
description of Mesomys ecaudatus (except for the presence of 
a long tail), that they were certainly identical generically, 
and probably specifically, with Natterer’s animal. 

Giinther’s “ Echimys ferrugineus” ¢ is also assignable to 
the same genus, and is closely allied to I. ecaudatus. 

The following is a short description of the genus, with 
measurements of one of the Marajo specimens :— 

External form as in Proechimys, but the ears short and 
the feet short and broad, as in Loncheres, the fifth hind toe 
reaching to the end of the first phalanx of the fourth. 
Spinous system at a maximum. Tail long, well haired. 
Cheek-teeth rounded, as in Proechimys, each upper one with 
five or six transverse lamine, the lower premolar with five 
and the lower molars with four oblique lamine. General 
form of skull as in Loncheres, the muzzle being similarly 
short, narrow, and parallel-sided; palatal foramina small ; 
bullee flattened. 

Exactly as Wagner stated, Mesomys may be said to have 
the skull, ears, and feet of Loncheres, with the teeth of Pro- 
echimys, to which latter it is really no domht most closely 
allied. From the structure of its feet it «4% esumably an 
arboreal form, like Loncheres, instead of be?) terrestrial, 
like Procchimys. It is true that there are .ather more 
Jamin in the upper teeth than is usual in Proechimys, but 
there is a certain amount of variation in the number of the 
laminze, even in the same species f, so that this difference 
does not nullify the strong general resemblance that the teeth 
of Mesomys have to those ot Proechimys. 

The following are the dimensions of a Marajo specimen 
(an adult male, preserved in spirit) :— 

Head and body 163 mm.; tail 186; hind foot (s. u.) 30; 
ear 11. 

Skull: greatest length 44 ; basilar length 33; zygomatic 
breadth 22°5; nasals 12°45; interorbital breadth 11; 
mastoid breadth 20; palate length 15°3; diastema 9-4; 
palatal foramina 3°8; length of upper tooth-series 6°7. 


* Bol. Mus. Para, iii. p. 170 (1901). 


t+ P. Z.S. 1876, p. 750, pl. xxiv. (animal). 
t Cf. P. vacillator, Thos, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. p. 490 (1908). 


9: 


an 
w 


Mr. G. A. Boulenger on a British Specimen 


LXXXI.—On a British Specimen of the Great Sea-Perch 


Epinephelus cernioides, Capello. By G. A. BOULENGER, 
F.R.S. 


THE identification of the huge sea-perches of the genus 
Epinephelus which have, at rare intervals, been captured on 
the coast of Cornwall has been a matter of difficulty, as 
the specimens on which the records are based do not appear 
to have been preserved. Yarrell, Couch, and Day have 
confounded several quite distinct fishes in their synonymies 
of “ Serranus gigas.” Yarrell’s figure certainly represents 
an Epinephelus gigas, but it was not taken from a British 
example, whilst Couch’s coloured plate, though incorrect, 
cleaily represents an adult Epinephelus ceneus; so does 
Day’s plate, taken from a young specimen received from the 
Berlin Museum. Probably examples of two or three different 
species of the large Epinephelus of the Mediterranean and 
neighbouring parts of the Atlantic have occasionally wandered 
to our south-western coast, but H. e@neus is the only one 
which, through Couch’s description and figure, may be 
regarded as properly identified. 

Thanks to the generosity of the Directors of Harrods 
Stores, the British Museum has received, in fresh condition, 
a very fine seapperch measuring 4 ft. 2 in. and weighing 
70 lbs., whicjze ps caught in the middle of May off Looe in 
Cornwall. -egens8 proves to belong to a species, hitherto un- 
represented in the National Collection, which was described 
and figured by Brito Capello in 1867 as Serranus cernioides, 
from the coast of Portugal. Although placed by Day in the 
synonymy of Serranus gigas, this species differs from it, as 
well as from £. @neus, in several important characters. The 
teeth, which Capello described, somewhat vaguely, as in broad 
bands, differ from those of £. gigas in being in two series 
on the sides of the lower jaw, as in #. eneus. Whilst in the 
smaller scales, all ctenoid, and covering nearly the whole 
maxillary, and in the ridge-like base of the three opercular 
spines, this species differs from the latter and bears some 
resemblance to Polyprion americanus or cernium, whence the 
name cerntoides chosen by Capello. 

The following description is drawn up from the Looe 
specimen ears 

‘Teeth in villiform bands in the upper jaw and in front of 
the lower, with an outer series of Jarger conical teeth, similar 
to those on the sides of the lower jaw, where they form two 


of the Great Sea- Perch. 593 


series only ; a rather small canine tooth on each side, in 
tront of each jaw. Depth of body nearly equal to length of 
head, one third total length. Snout once and two ‘thirds 
diameter of eye, which is six and a half times in length of 
head and once and two thirds in interorbital width ; ‘lower 
jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below the posterior 
border of the eye, the width of its distal extremity nearly 
equalling the diameter of the eye ; preoperculum slightly 
produced at the angle, which is armed with feebly enlarged 
serre ; suboperculum and interoperculum serrated ; opercular 
spines strong, proceeding from three distinct ridges, middle 
spine nearer lower than upper, lower a little further back 
than upper; opercular flap acutely pointed; head covered 
with ctenoid scales, including the maxillary. 14 gill-rakers 
ou lower part of anterior arch, the longest half the diameter 
of the eye. Dorsal XI 14, originating above base of 
pectoral; third spine longest, one third length of head, a 
little shorter than longest soft rays. Anal IIL 8; second and 
third spines equal, one fourth length of head, half length of 
soft rays. Pectoral a little more than half length: of head. 
Ventral shorter , widely separated from vent. Caudal rounded. 


Seales 145 =, all with strongly denticulate edge; lateral 


line 95. Pinkish brown, without any markings, except a 
very indistinct dark streak trom the eye to the angle of the 


preoperculum ; fins dark purplish bro» ~4 the base, blackish 
at the end, the tips of the pectoral, vee = -rtteaudal fins 
white. Iris pale golden. Preys 
Measurements :— 
mm, 
Bia teen esa eB area ot oy aka wgel a Reed ena bho) ebb s 1260 
Greatest: depiuh ct body. 2. hci. oad eel oak oe 350 
Meum ineoMmncad se.) e tata 25 ei aleets a edita nea nse 380 
DM ELHVOISHOAGS 5 )n80 ee o ret oo she are. wate 3, cere tees 210 
BaMiGceEUROyE soe ee soo ieee does neh 52 
Rateraenbal) WidGlioy be: 2+. =. 3) Beagle, PPLE ok 85 
Pinedforsal apineaar. .\. 1 a9o0s 5 Ye eens tee 120 
Bleventhi dorsal spines) <...« «012 iy<sjele 9 010 a's Ye Bele 75 
Longesh sett ray Ob dorsal: ¢ «ozs sdjdus ae oe « k 150 
HME AN REMAPPING! os. a.5, «as. 3.0} sate, as oie adel a: ated Gok 7 
Pongesh satu ray Ot anal © oo cicegs saieiome + saps 140 
Hane PaNGmpeCCOTal 1). Nees c+ vs te atciedtos 5 200 
Fr SONAL CLA. ee Ree aes Bee ON ees 160 
Fr SANA Bl | 85% Hoste oom aa ea aeteew 6 190 


The specimen agrees very closely with Capello’s figure, 
and there cannot be the least doubt as to the correcliess of 
its identification. 


594 Bibliographical Nottces. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 


The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Published 
under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. 
Edited by W. T. Branrorp.—Butterflies. Vol. I. By Lieut.- 
Colonel C. T. Bryenam. London: Taylor & Francis, 1905. 
Pp. xxii, 511; pls. 10. 

Entomotocy has been given a considerable share in this valuable 
series of works, and we are glad to see the first of three volumes on 
the important and interesting group of Butterflies added. There are 
some large unfinished works on the subject already ; but a compact 
and complete manual, condensing the vast scattered literature, has 
long been felt as an ever-increasing want, both by collectors at home 
and residents in India. There is here every facility given for the 
determination of specimens, by excellent plain and coloured half- 
figures, good descriptions, and carefully worked-out keys of families, 
subfamilies, and genera. Brief descriptions of the earlier stages are 
also added, when known. 

The Indian Fauna is specially interesting in itself: in the south 
we find occasional affinities with Africa; and along its northern and 
western frontier it shades gradually into the Western Palearctic 
Region, the species of Western India having Mediterranean affinities, 
and those of the high mountains exhibiting Alpine, and occasionally 
even Subarctic, affinities. On the other hand, there is comparatively 
little resemblance between Indian and Tropical-American forms. 

Col. Bingham has adopted six families of butterflies : Nymphalide, 
Nemeobide, Papilioni/~. Pieridee, Lycenide, and Hesperiide. ‘The 
butterflies bwhicize ps oe first two families are here deseribed, and 
the Nymyail. hge~*8 uded into six subfamilies, Danaine, Satyrina, 
Acreine, Libyuccaue, Morphine, and Nymphaline. Of these, the 
Acreine are poorly represented by two species only—one belonging 
to a genus peculiar to India, and the other representing a very 
extensive and characteristic group of African species. The Morphine 
include a number of magnificent species, rivalling those of Tropical 
America, the subfamily being elsewhere represented only in that 
region. The Nemeobide also are poorly represented in the Indian 
Fauna by twenty species belonging to five genera against hundreds 
in the American Fauna—our only European representative of the 
family being the well-known Nemeobius lucina, the only member of 
its genus, which is also confined to Europe. The Danaine are a 
characteristic Indian and African group, poorly represented in 
America. One species, Danais chrysippus, common thr: ughout 
India and Africa, occurs in Greece. The Libytheine form a small 
family, represented in most parts of the world, but generally by only 
one or two species in each country; five, including the South-European 
Libythea evltis, are included by Col. Bingham in the Indian Fauna. 
Of the more familiar subfamilies Sutyrine and Nymphaline, several 
characteristic European genera are represented in India, and occa- 
sionally we find the same or closely allied species, including, of 
course, the cosmopolitan Vanessa cardu/. 


Miscellaneous. 595 


Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene in the British Museum. 
Volume V. Catalogue of the Noctuide ia the Collection of the 
British Museum. By Sir Grorce F. Hampson, Bart.  Svo. 
London: Published by Order of the Trustees, 1905. Pp. xvi, 
634; pls. Ixxvili—xcv. (coloured) and text-figures (plain) 172. 


Tue fifth of Sir George Hampson’s biennial volumes contains the 
classification of the Hadenine, the second of the subfamilies into 
which the author divides the great family Noctuide. The Noctuide 
were commenced in vol. iv., which contained about 1200 species of 
Agrotinee ; the Hadeninz are somewhat less numerous, 946 species 
belonging to 78 genera being described in vol. y. ‘he genus 
Hadena itself is restricted to the small group called Neuria by 
Guenée, Noctua reticulata, Vill. (=saponarie, Esp.), being chosen 
as the type, because it is the first species included by Schrank under 
Hadena. ‘The classification of the Noctuidze has altered very much 
of late years, and Sir George includes many genera formerly placed 
in separate sections, such as Leucania, Ochs., in the Hadenine. 
Several genera, such as Polia, Walk., are given a very wide exten- 
sion, no less than 216 species being described under Polia. In 
such a case it is safe to predict that the genus will probably be 
subdivided later on. The arrangement of the present volume is 
similar to those which have preceded it, and Mr. Horace Knight’s 
plates are deserving of high praise. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


On a Modification of the Tentacular Apparatus in certain Species 
of Madrepora. By Armanp Kremer, 


A curious arrangement presented by a species of the genus Madre- 
pora (M, Durvillei) was noticed by Fowler in 1866. I have found 
it in three species of the same genus from the Gulf of Tadjoura. 
Not one of these three forms appears to me to be capable of 
identification with that which formed the subject of Fowler's 
investigations. 

I note that it is a question of a certain dimorphism affecting a 
third of the colony examined, and consisting, according to this 
observer, in a marked hypertrophy of the endodermic epithelium of 
the upper part of six macrenteric mesenteries of the animal. The 
formation is traversed in its whole length by a sagittal U-shaped 
canal on the ectodermic walls, terminating in the pharynx in two 
distinct superposed orifices. 

My observations have led me to an altogether different interpre- 
tation of the morphological value of these prolongations and of their 
U-shaped canal. Contrary to all appearance, they do not belong to 
the mesenteries ; they only prolong these superiorly: they are in 
effect tentacles deformed by important modifications. As for the 
ectodermic canal which they contain in their median plane, it 
represents a portion of the buccal disc which a fusion of two tentacles 


A 


~~" 


596 Miscellaneous. 

has converted into a tunnel and buried in the depths of the body 
of the thus transformed polype. The following are the facts which 
have led me to these conclusions. 

The determination of the analogies which exist between the 
tissue of the voluminous endodermic enlurgements of Madrepora 
and that of the organ of which I have established the homology 
with a tentacle in certain Oculinine *—analogies which bear not 
only on the structure of the cellular elements, but also on the very 
special histochemical reactions of their contents—has from the very 
outset prepared me to understand the following anatomical con- 
ditions :—1. The tentacles, so well developed and so easy to observe 
even when contracted, in normal individuals, are completely wanting, 
at least in their usual form, on the buccal disc of modified individnals, 
which thus appear to be devoid of them. 2. The pharynx of these 
latter, characterized by its very diminutive length, its narrowness, its 
differentiated ectoderm, is not to be confounded with the irregularly 
pleated wide and long funnel which precedes it and on the vertical 
or oblique walls of which the two orifices of six U-shaped canals 
open. ‘This funnel is, in effect, nothing more than the invaginated 
buccal dise of the polype, and, as is known, deprived of visible 
tentacles. The orifices of each of the canals are therefore not situate 
in the pharynx, but, and the relation is of capital importance, on the 
surface of the buccal dise: they are arranged along one of its radii, 
one in the neighbourhood of the mouth, the other on the marginal 
border. 3. I have been able to observe an individual which 
presented only one U-shaped canal-organ, that of one of the left 
directing partitions ; all its other partitions were normal. 

The animal was adult, provided with six endocceles and six ecto- 
cocles, and should have possessed twelve tentacles, An examination 
of its buccal disc shows (a) that it had but ten; (4) that the two 
vacant places, very clearly marked in the crown of tentacles and 
representing the two missing elements, corresponded precisely, one 
with the directive endoceele, of which the left mesentery was the 
only one modified, the other with its left ectoccele. 

Collating these facts, one may deduce from them particularly :— 

1. That there is a constant correlation between the presence of 
the U-shaped canal-organ in an individual and the apparent absence 
of tentacles on its buccal dise. 

2. That the correlation is particularly manifest in the very clear 
case in which only a single organ is found in the individual, the 
case in which the two missing tentacles are those of the endoccele 
and ectoccele which it occupies. 

3. That the plane in which the U-shaped canal with its two 
orifices is contained coincides with the plane of separation of two 
neighbouring tentacles. 

I am now in a position to demonstrate how the transformations 
which give rise to the arrangement under consideration in certain 

* Seriaptora, Stylophora, Pecilopora: it is the dorsal tentacle which, 
in these three genera, is modified, and not the ventral as I am made to 
say by an error in the text of my note (‘Comptes Rendus,’ 18th May, 
1903), 


Miscellaneous. 597 


individuals arise, solely at the expense of the oral disc and the 
tentacular apparatus by fusion of its elements in pairs. 

If we imagine two contiguous tentacles in a state of semi- 
expansion ; owing to their capitate form they come into slight 
contact by their superior extremities and so define, between their 
opposed faces and the portion of the buccal disc intercepted 
between their two bases, a gutter, open interiorly on the side 
of the mouth, exteriorly on the side of the margin of the 
tentacular disc. If this arrangement be fixed by, so to speak, 
soldering up the junction of the two surfaces which are in temporary 
contact, the gutter aforesaid becomes a canal, which is at once 
recognizable as the U-shaped canal. 

It is situate in an intertentacular plane, its two orifices open on 
the oral disc, one on the outer side, the other on the inner of the 
crown of tentacles; lastly, the epithelial covering of its bore is 
strictly ectodermic. 

Returning to what has been described as the soldering together 
of two tentacles, if we conceive it to be accompanied by the absorp- 
tion of the two ectodermic surfaces along the line of which it has 
taken place, it will in reality be effected through the intermediary 
of their mesogleal lamella. We also note at the same time that 
these two latter, fused into one, appear to continue, above the U- 
shaped canal, the single mesogleal lamella of the subjacent mesentery. 
Now if we remove the special histological characters (nematocyst, 
nervous system) from what is left of the ectoderm of the tentacles, 
and give, on the other hand, to the cells of their endoderm the large 
size which is known to be the case, we have completed the synthesis 
of a U-shaped organ without having supplied the normal polype 


. ith any elements other than those which we intended to employ. 


All that now remains is to make the absence of the U-shaped 
canal-organ on the two partitions of the directing dorsal endocele 
agree with the apparent disposition of its tentacle. This latter, 
not having experienced the fate of its neighbours, ought to be 
recoverable. 

Its non-existence is, in fact, more apparent than real. <A study 
of sections has enabled me to discover its presence in the gastro- 
vascular cavity with ease. Invaginated in its endoccele, with its 
short axial ectodermic canal opening on the buccal disc and its endo- 
derm with its voluminous cells, it is in every sense comparable to its 
homologue (dorsal tentacle) in the Oculinine. It is thus the totality 
of the elements of the tentacular apparatus that the change affects 
in Madrepora, while in Pecilopora it affects but a small part (2), 
and in Seriatopora and Stylophora +5. 

The presence of like formations in creatures exhibiting such 
differences of structure as the Oculininee and the Madreporins, a 
presence which renders their existence possible in all the Hexacorallids 
under aspects which may otherwise vary between one group and the 
other—the considerable development which they assume in those 
individuals in which they are present,—causes one to suspect that 
they must play an important dle in the physiology of these animals, 
—Comptes Rendus, tome exxxviil. no. 24, pp. 1519-1521 (13th June, 
1904). . 


Cy 


-_ 


18 


INDEX ro’ VOEA"XV: 


AcaRA, revision of the genus, 330 ; 
new species of, 337. 

subocularis, note on, 557. 

Acaropsis, note on the genus, 345. 

Actenuchroma, new species of, 
166. 

Actumnus, new species of, 260. 

Adrapsa, new species of, 162, 501. 

A&thria, new species of, 428. 

Agathia, new species of, 166. 

Agouti, new species of, 589. 

Agrophila, new species of, 153. 

Alcock, Prof. A., on a new species 
of Cymonomus from the Andaman 
Sea, 565; on the genus Cymono- 
mops, 572 ; list of the Dorippidee, 
574. 

Alcyonaria, on deep-sea, from the 
Indian Ocean, 547, 561. 

Alestes, new species of, 458, 

Alsophylax, new species of, 378. 

Ameira, new species of, 291. 

Amsacta, new species of, 447, 

Andersen, K., cn new Rhinolophi 
from Africa, 70. 

Anepa, characters of the new genus, 
502. 

Anisodon, characters of the new 
genus, 176. 

Annandale, N., on some Oriental 
geckos, 26, 

Anoplius, new species of, 467. 

Antarctia, new species of, 448. 

Aola, characters of the new genus, 
69. 

Apegocera, characters of the new 
genus, 449. 

Aphyle, new species of, 439, 

Arachnida, new, 101. 

Aromolis, new species of, 442. 

Arges, on the systematic arrange- 
ment of the genus, 529. 

Argyroeides, new species of, 461. 

Ariasa, characters of the new genus, 
3804. 

Ariciide, remarks on the, 43. 

Ariophanta, new species of, 92. 

Arnold-Bemrose, H. H., on an ossi- 
ferous cavern at Hoe-Grange, 327, 


Arrow, G. J., on Oriental Coleoptera 
of the Rhyparus group, 534. 

Arvicanthis, new species of, 79. 

Astronotus, note on the genus, 346. 

Asura, new species of, 458. 

Atractaspis, new species of, 190. 

Atractus, new species of, 455. 

Austen, E. [i., on a new subspecies of 
Glossina palpalis, 390, 

Ayesha, characters of 
genus, 63, 

Azatrephes, definition of the new 
generic name, 430. 

Balinta, characters of the new genus, 
383. 

Barrett-Hamilton, G. Io. H., on sub- 
species of European shrews, 505. 
Basa, characters of the new genus, 

309, 

Bastian, Dr. H. C., on the hetero- 
genetic origin of fungus-germs and 
monads, 210. 

Bather, F. A., on the echinoid name 
Discoidea subucula, 145. 

Batrachians, new, 188, 209, 281. 

Benthesicymus, new species of, 235. 

Bethune-Baker, G. T., on new Leu- 
caniz from New Guinea, 196, 324. 

Bettonia, characters of the new 
venus, 377. 

Blennia, new species of, 157. 

Blera, new species of, 540. 

Bombinator, new species of, 188. 

Bonhote, J. L., on a new vole from 
Kashmir, 197. 

Books, new :—Boraston’s Birds by 
Land and Sea, 144; Gordon’s Our 
Country’s Animals and how to 
know them, 144; Trouessart’s 
Catalogus Mammalium 5° Suppl. 
pt. 2,229 ; Owens College Museum 
Handbooks, 250; Mottier’s Fe- 
cundation in Plants, 525; Fergu- 
son’s Contributions to the Know- 
ledge of the Life-history of Pinus, 
325; The Fauna of British India, 
Butterflies, vol. i., 594; Catalogue 
of the Lepidoptera Phalzene in the 
British Museum, vol. y., 5@5, 


the new 


INDEX. 


Boulenger, G. A., on a new species 
of Bombinator from Yunnan, 188; 
on a new species of Atractaspis 
from Mount Kenya, 190; on new 
W.-African species of Petropedetes 
and Bulua, 281 ; on snakes in the 
museums of Lund and Malmé, 
283; on batrachians and reptiles 
from Tibet, 378; on new snakes 
in the British Museum, 453; ona 
new mormyrid fish from the White 
Nile, 457; on new freshwater 
fishes from Angola, 457 ; on anew 
snake from Venezuela, 561; on a 
British specimen of the great sea- 
perch, 592. 

Broun, Capt. T., on a new genus and 
four species of Coleoptera from 
New Zealand, 543. 

Bryozoa, on recent, in d’Orbigny’s 
collection, 1. 

Buckman, 8. S., on certain genera 
and species of Lytoceratidee, 424. 

Bulua, new species of, 283. 

Buprestidz, notes on, 577. 

Czelioxys, new species of, 201. 

Calamaria, new species of, 456. 

Callidrepana, new species of, 150. 

Callionymus, new species of, 25. 

Calyptrzea, new species of, 89. 

Cameron, P., on new species of 
Sphegide and Ceropalide from 
the Khasia Hills, 218, 415, 467. 

Caradrina, new species of, 152. 

Carea, new species of, 159. 

Carineta, new species of, 484. 

Carinetaria, characters of the division, 
483. 

Catada, new species of, 162. 

Cavernularid, on a new, from Ceylon, 
561. 

Ceramidia, new species of, 462. 

Ceratocephale osawai, note on, 35. 

Ceratonema, new species of, 498. 

Ceratoplax, new species of, 263. 

Cerceris, new species of, 219. 

Ceropales, new species of, 415. 

Cervus unicolor, new subspecies of, 
391. 

Cerynea, new species of, 154. 

Cheetopterus Sieboldii, note on, 18. 

Chalcosia, new species of, 149. 

Champaka, characters of the new 
genus, 70. 

Chelifer, new species of, 101. 

Chelonethi in the British Museum, 


29 


on, 94, vee. 


599 


Chonosia, characters of the 
genus, 481]. 
Chrysocraspeda, 
165. 

Chrysocyma, characters of the new 
genus, 435, 

Chrysodema, new species of, 583. 

Cicadatraria, definition of the divi- 
sion, 304, 

Cilibe, new species of, 544. 

Cincia, new species of, 436. 

Cisthene, new species of, 434. 

Clavularia, new species of, 548. 

Cockerell, T. D. A., on new Ameri- 
can Hymenoptera, 200 ; on bees of 
the genus Melissodes, 521. 

Cole, L. J., on ten-legzed Pyeno- 
gonids, 405. 

Coleoptera, new, 204, 301, 375, 395, 
534, 543, 577. 

Coluber, new species of, 172. 

Conepatus tropicalis, new subspecies 
of, 585. 

Correbia, new species of, 465. 

Cosmophila, new species of, 158. 

Cosmosoma, new species of, 460. 

Cossonus, on the South-African 
species of, 392. 

Crabro, new species of, 218. 

Cricetulus, new species of, 322. 

Crustacea, new, 235, 284, 568. 

Ctenane, characters of the new 
genus, 497. 

Cyclotus, new species of, 93. 

Cylistosoma, characters of the new 
genus, 302. 

Cymonomops, 
genus, 572. 

Cymonomus, new species of, 568. 

Cynoglossus, new species of, 26. 

Cyrtomaia Goodridgei, note on, 251, 

Dactylopusia, new species of, 293. 

Dasygorgia, new species of, 550. 

Daza, characters of the new genus, 
480. 

Denisonia, new species of, 179, 

Dentex, new species of, 325. 

Diacrisia, new species of, 447. 

Dicellachilus, characters of the new 
genus, 376, 

Diceropyga, new species of, 67. 

Diplommatina, new species of, 94. 

Dipsas, new species of, 180, 

Diptera, new, 199, 390. 

Diptilon, new species of, 462. 

Discoidea subucula, on the echinoid 
name, 145, 


new 


new species of, 


characters of the 


600 


Distant, W. L., Rhynchotal notes, 58, 
304, 379, 478; on new Coleoptera 
from Natal, 204. 

Distira, new species of, 178. 

Dokuma, characters of the new 
genus, 69. Bepaty.s 4 

Dorippide, on the distribution of 
the, 569. 

Druce, H., on new species of Noc- 
tuide from South America, 372; 
on new Syntomidee and Arctiade 
from Tropical South America, 460; 
on new Notodontid from Tropical 
South America, 540. 

Druce, H. H., on the synonymy of 
Thecla spurina and Th. ericusa, 
194. 

Dundubiaria, synopsis of the genera 
of, 58. 

Dysalotus, characters of the new 
genus, 268. 

Elaps, new species of, 456. ni 

Epinephelus cernioides, on a British 
specimen of, 592. 

Episilia, new species of, 450. 

Equus, on the preorbital pit in the 
skulls of, 516. 

Eriopyga, new species of, 3874. 

Erisphex, new species of, 21. 

Estigmene, new species of, 447. 

_Ethusa hirsuta, note on, 257. 

Eucereon, new species of, 
464. 

Euchromia, new species of, 495. 

FEulota, new species of, 92. 

Eumedonus, new species of, 253. 

Eunice viridis and E. fucata, nete 
on, 38. 

Euproctis, new species of, 151. 

Eurota, new species of, 428. 

Eurynola, characters of the new 
genus, 432. 

Eutane, new species of, 439. 

Evotomys, new species of, 493. 

Exocentrus, new species of, 207, 

Exostoma, new species of, 184. 

Falcimala, new species of, 163. 

Fatima, characters of the new genus, 
62. 

Ficalbia, new species of, 199. 

Fidicina, new species of, 315. 

Fidicinaria, definition of the division, 
310, 

Finmark, on the Natural History 
of East, 348. 

Fisher, Rev. O., on Elephas meridi- 
onalis at Dewlish, 327. 


430, 


INDEX. 


Fishes, new, 17, 183, 185, 268, 300, 
325, 337, 457, 558. 
Flora of East Finmark, on the, 350. 
Foraminifera of East Finmark, on 

the, 348. 

Fulton, H., on new species of Heli- 
carion &c., 91. 

Fungus-germs, on the heterogenetic 
origin of, 210. 

Funisciurus pyrrhopus, new  sub- 
species of, 79. 

Fusticularia, characters of the new 
genus, 564, 

Gieanaria, definition of the division, 
885. 

Geeanine, characters of the new 
subfamily, 304. 

Gasterosteus aculeatus, on the de- 
velopment of the pectoral fins in, 
319. 

Geckos, on some Oriental, 26. 

Gelzeus, characters of the new genus, 
584. 

Geological Society, proceedings of 
the, 326, 424, 518. 

Gerarctia, characters of the new 
genus, 448. : 

Glauconycteris, new species of, 77. 

Glossina palpalis, new subspecies of, 
390. 

Glyceride, remarks on the, 39. 

Glyphocrangon longirostris, note on, 
238. 

Gnathonemus, new species, 458. 

Goniadide, observations on, 36. 

Gonorhynchus Greyi, on the skull 
of, 361. 

Graptotettix, new species of, 482. 

Gymnapogon, characters of the new 
genus, 19, 

Gymnelia pitthea, note on, 427. 

Gymnocypris, uew species of, 300. 

Gyrtona, new species of, 158. 

Hadena, new species of, 373. 

Halecia, new species of, 577. 

Hampson, Sir ty. I*., on new genera 
and species of Syntomida, Arc- 
tiadee, Agaristid, and Noctuide, 
425, 

Hamzaria, definition of the division, 
382. 

Haphsa, characters of the new genus, 
G4. 

Healey, Miss M., on Upper Jurassic 
Ammonites, 326. 

Helicarion, new species of, 91, 

Heliura, new species of, 464. 


ee 


TN Dee 601 


Hemiceras, new species of, 542. 

Hemidactylus, new species of, 29. 

Hemipodus magellanicus, note ou, 
57. 

Hemisciera, new species of, 317. 

Henderson, W. D., on deep-sea 
Alcyonaria from the Indian Ocean, 
547. 

Herophila, new species of, 550. 

Herrera, characters of the 
genus, 486. 

Herrmannella, 
299. 

Heterocarpus, new species of, 237. 

Heteropsaltriaria, definition of the 
division, 386. 

Hind, Dr. W., on the marine beds 
in the coal-measures of North 
Staffordshire, 518. 

Hippia, new species of, 540. 

Hister, new species of, 303. 

Hololepta, new species of, 302. 

Homodes, new species of, 155. 

Homopiera, new, 58, 304, 380, 478. 

Horses, on the preorbital pit in the 
skulls of domestic, 516. 

Huechysaria, characters of the di- 
vision, 481, 

Hyaleucerea, new species of, 431, 
466. 

Hyantiaria, characters of the di- 
vision, 478. 

Hycanus, characters of the new 
genus, 545 

Hymenoptera, new, 200, 218, 415, 
467, 521. 

Hypetra, new species of, 159. 

Hypena, new species of, 163. 

Hypocladia, new species of, 461. 

leonaxiopsis, new species of, 240, 

Ideobisium, new species of, 131. 

Ideoroncus, new species of, 127. 

Ihering, R. von, on new species of 
Plecostomus, 558. 

Ilema, new species of, 433. 

Illice, new species of, 436. 

Imms, A. D., on a marine Pseudo- 
scorpion from the Isle of Man, 
231. 

Isanthrene, new species of, 427. 

Ischnocampa, new species of, 466. 

Ixoides, characters of the new genus, 
255. 

Ixylasia, new species of, 462. 

Juncoptilum, characters of the new 
genus, 509. 

Kamalata, new species of, 308. 


new 


new species of, 


‘Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. 


Khimbya, characters of the new 
genus, 307. 

Kirby, W. F., on Neuroptera Odonata 
from Salisbury, 190; on Odonata 
from Ceylon, 270; on a new 
species of Palophus, 279. 

Krempf, A., on the tentacular appa- 
ratus in certain species of Madre- 
pora, 595. 

Labanda, new species of, 156. 

Lagena, new species of, 349. 

Lagochilus, new species of, 93. 

Lahugada, characters of the new 
genus, 304, 

Laophontina, characters of the new 
genus, 292. 

Lepidoptera, new, 149, 196, 324, 
372, 425, 460, 495, 540, 

Lepidotrigla, new species of, 22, 

Leptognathus, new species of, 561. 

Lethama, characters of the new 
genus, 307. 

Leucania, new species of, 196, 324. 

Lewis, G., on new species of His- 
teridx, 301. 

Lioderma, new species of, 302. 

Liophis, new species of, 455, 

Lithodes Agassizii, note on, 243. 

Lobeza, new species of, 542, 

Lophiomys, new species of, 80, 

Loxophlebia, new species of, 428. 

Luciogobius, new species of, 23. 

Lutra capensis, new subspecies of, 78. 

Lycophotia, new species of, 372, 
457. 

Lydekker, R., on the Bonin Island 
sambar, 391. 

Lygosoma, new species of, 208, 

Lytoceratidz, on certain genera and 
species of, 424, ’ 

MacGilchrist, Capt. A. C., on Deca- 
pod Crustacea from the Indian 
seas, 233; on a new genus of 
‘Teleostean fish allied to Chias- 
modus, 268. 

M‘Intosh, Prof., on the Palolo, 33; 
on Goniadide, Glyceride, and 
Ariciide, 36; on Hemipodus ma- 
gellanicus, 57. 

Madrepora, on the tentacular appa- 
ratus in certain species of, 595, 

Meenas, new species of, 446. 

Majeorona, characters of the new 
genus, 318. 

Major, C. I. Forsyth, on the affinities 
of the Orkney vole, 823; on 
European species of Pitymys, 508, 


Vol. xv. 40 


602 - 


Maliattha, new species of. 154, 
Mamestra, new species of, 372. 
Mammals, new, 70, 77, 322, 587, 
391, 487, 505, 515, 584. 
Marcusenius, new species of, 457. 
Marshall, G. A. K., on the South- 
African species of Cossonus, 392. 
Mastacembelus, new species of, 459. 
Maua, characters of the new genus, 
61. 
Medasina, new species of, 503. 
Meimuna, characters of the new 
genus, 67. 
Melastrota, characters of the new 
genus, 459. 
Melissodes, new species of, 521. 
Meragisa, new species of, 541. 
Mesocheres, characters of the new 
genus, 297. 
Mesomys, note on the genus, 590. 
Mesothen, new species of, 460, 
Metachrostis, new species of, 500. 
Meteglymma, new species of, 543. 
Metarctia, new species of, 426. 
Metopodontus, new species of, 375. 
Metoxanthia, new species of, 467. 
Microhyle, characters of the new 
genus, 437. 
Micromys, new species of, 491. 
Microtus, on the European species 
of, 508 ; new species of, 515. 
orcadensis, on the affinities of, 
523. 
Miranha, characters of 
genus, 381. 
Misthotus, characters of the new 
genus, 192. 
Mogannia, new species of, 385. 
Moganniaria, definition of the di- 
vision, 385. 
Mogera wogura, new subspecies of, 
487. 
Mollusca, new, 85, 91, 360, 
Molossus, new species of, 584. 
Monadgs, on the heteramelbtic origin 
of, 210. 
Morrisonia, new species of, 452. 
Munidopsis, new species of, 247. 
Mouricella, new species of, 553. 
Nanaguna, new species of, 156. 
Nannacara, characters of the new 
genus, 344, ; 
Neacerea, new species of, 463, 
Nectomys, new species of, 586. 
Neéressa, characters of the new 
. genus, 426, 
Nemachilus, new species of, 187, 301. 


the new 


INDEX. 


Neomys fodiens, new subspecies of 
507. 

Nephelistis, new species of, 374. 

Neritos, new species of, 444. 

Neuroptera, new, 190, 273. 

Newton, E. T., on a specimen of 
Fayolia, 326; on an ossiferous 
cavern at Hoe-Grange, 327. 

Newton, R. B., on Eocene shells from 
Nigeria, 83. 

Noctuids, new South-American, 372. 

Nola, new species of, 432. 

Norman, Canon A. M., on new 
Copepoda from Devon and Corn- 
wall, 284; on the Natural History 
of E. Finmark, 348. 

Nothopsis, new species of, 453. 

Notogonia, new species of, 224. 

Obisium maritimum in the Isle of 
Man, on the oceurrence of, 231. 

Odopcea, new species of, 380. 

Ollanta, characters of the new genus, 
313. ; 

Onychothemis, new species of, 277. 

Ophichthys, new species of, 17. 

Opisthostoma, new species of, 360, 

Opsaroa, characters of the new genus, 
437. 

Orapa, characters of the new genus, 
480. 

‘Ordnance Survey of the Peninsula 
of Sinai,’ note on, 520. 

Orellana, characters of the new genus, 
B8l. 

Orthoptera, new, 279. 

Pacarina, characters of the new 
genus, 314. 

Palolo, on the, 33. 

Palophus, new species of, 279, 

Palpifer, new species of, 152. 

Panopzea, new species of, 88. 

Parasa, new species of, 15]. 

Parashada, characters of the new 
genus, 433. 

Parastenhelia, new species of, 289. 

Parevia, new species of, 443. 

Parexostoma, new species of, 183. 

Parvittya, characters of the new 
genus, 482. 

Peltidium, new species of, 296. 

Peneus fissurus, note on, 283. 

Petaurista leucogenys, new subspecies 
of, 488. 

Petropedetes, new species of, 281. 

Pheosia, new species of, 433, 497. 

Phaulomys, characters of the new 
subgenus, 493, 


a 


INDEX. 


Phrydops, characters of the new 
genus, 453. 
Phryganopsis, new species of, 453, 
Platylomia, new species of, 65. 
Plecostomus, new species of, 558. 
Pocock, R. [., on the preorbital pit 
in the skulls of domestic horses 
and quaggas, 516, ’ 
Poliodes, new species of, 375. 
Pomponia, new species of, 68. 
Prepiella, new species of, 435. 
Primnoisis, new species of, 551. 
Proarna, new species of, 311. 
Problepsidis, new species of, 150., 
Procavia, new species of, 82. 
Proctotrypes, new species of, 204. 
Proechimys, new species of, 587, 
Prosopis, new species of, 200. 
Protocaulon, new species of, 554. 
Protoptilum, new species of, 555, 
Pseudagenia, new species of, 416. 
Pseudapiconoma, new species of, 
426. 
Pseudorhombus, new species of, 25. 
Psithyristriaria, definition of the 
division, 384. 
Ptenoplax, new species of, 266. 
Pterois, new species of, 20. 
Ptychozoon bomalocephalum, new 
variety of, 50. 
Purana, characters of the new genus, 
60. 


Pycnogonids, on the classification of 


the, 405. 

Quaggas, on the preorbital pit in the 
skulls of, 516. 

Quesada, characters 
genus, 478. 

Rana, new species of, 209. 

Regan, C. Tate, on fishes from Japan, 
17; synopsis of the species of 
Parexostoma,Chimarrhichthys,and 
Exostoma, 182;. on new - fishes 
from Tibet, 185, 300; on a new 
species of Dentex, 325; revision 
of the genera Acara, Nannacara, 
Acuropsis, and Astronotus, 329; 
on the systematic arrangement of 
the genus Arges, 529; on Acara 
subocularis, Cope, 557. 

Reptiles, new, 29, 171, 190, 208, 
378, 453, 561. 

Rhacophorus nigropalmatus, note on, 
32. 

Rhadinea, new species of, 454. 

Rhinolophus, new species of, 70. 

Rhodoneura, new species of, 504, 


of the new 


603 


Rhynchotal notes, 58, 304, 379, 478. 

Rhyparus, new species of, 537. 

Ridewood, Dr. W. G., on the skull 
of Gonorhynchus Greyi, 361. 

Rivula, new species of, 154. 

Rosén, N., on the snakes in the 
museums of Lund and Malmé, 168. 

Salius, new species of, 474. 

Sambar, on the Bonin Island, 391. 

Sarcophytum, new species of, 549. 

Sawda, characters of the new genus, 
62. 

Schizopygopsis, new species of, 185. 

Schizothorax, new species of, 186, 

Scirpearella, new species of, 553. 

Scoloplos, new species of, 47. 

Scott, Dr. T., on new Copepoda from 
Devon and Cornwall, 284. 

Sena, characters of the new genus, 
307. 

Sharp, Dr. D., on an overlooked 
work, 520, 

Shelford, R., on a new lizard and a 
new frog from Borneo, 208. 

Simpson, J. J., on a new Cavernu- 
larid from Ceylon, 561. 

Smith, E. A., on a new species of 
Opisthostoma from North Borneo, 
360, 

Sorex araneus, new subspecies of, 
506. 

Soridus, new species of, 206. 

Sphecosoma, new species of, 426, 

Spongodes, new species of, 549. 

Stachyptilum, new species of, 557. 

Stenhelia, new species of, 284. 

Stenophyllcdes, new species of, 499. 

Stereomera, characters of the new 
genus, 054. 

Stidzeras, new species of, 467. 

Stobbs, J. T., on the marine beds in 
the coal-measures of North Staf- 
fordshire, 518. 


Swinhoe, Col. C., on new species of 


Kastern Heterocera, 149, 495. 
Swinnerton, Dr. H. H., on the 
changes and variations in the 
position of the pectoral fin, 319. 
Sybacodes lutulentus, note on, 539. 
Symphlebomis, characters of the 
new genus, 425, 
Sympodium, new species of, 548. 
Synhalonia, new species of, 203. 
Tachysphex, new species of, 223. 
Talapa, new species of, 161, 
Tamasa, characters of the new genus, 
386, 


604 


Tambusa, characters of the new genus, 
205. 

Tanna, characters of the new genus, 
61. 

Terpnosia, new species of, 306. 

Tettigadesaria, characters of the divi- 

-- sion, 479. 

Teucer, new species of, 429, 

Thecla spurina and Th. ericusa, on 
the synonyiny of, 194. 

Theobald, F. V., on a new Ficalbia 
from W. Africa, 199. 

Thomas, O., on new African mam- 
mals, 77; on a new Cricetulus, 
322; on new ground-squirrels, 
387; on new Japanese mammals, 
487; on new Neotropical mam- 
mals, 584. 

Thomson, Prof. J. A., on deep-sea 

_ Alcyonaria from the Indian Ocean, 

HENS ate 

Thymedes, characters of the new 

‘ genus, 584. 

Timora, new species of, 450. 

Tmetolophota, new species of, 375. 

Trachyboa gularis, new variety of, 
169. 

Tretanorhinus, new species of, 171. 


INDEX. 


Tricheurois, characters of the new 
genus, 451. 
Trichodesma, new spécies of, 430. 
Trichopeltarium ovale, note on, 261. 
Tridentiger, new species of, 22. 
Triepeolus, new species of, 201. 
Tympanistes, new species of, 158. 
Tympanoterpes, new species of, 313. 
Urolasia, new species of, 462. 
Uroptychus, new species of, 249. 
Vulsella, new species of, 85. 
Waterhouse, C. O., on new E. Afri- 
can Coleoptera, 375; on Coleoptera 
of the family Buprestide, 577. 
Waters, A. W., on recent Bryozoa 
in d’Orbigny’s collection, 1. 
With, C. J., on Chelonethi in the 
British Museum, 94, 328. 
Xanthodes, new species of, 258. 
Xerus, new species of, 387. 
Zammararia, definition of the divi- 
sion, 380. 
Zatrephes, new species of, 440. 
Zethes, new species of, 160. 
Zia, new species of, 482. 
Zoogloea masses, on the development 
and transformations of, 210. 
Zygonidia, new species of, 273, 


END OF THE FIFTEENTH VOLUME. 


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Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 8. 7. Vol. XV. Pl. XVII. 


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